WO2001009139A1 - Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers - Google Patents

Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001009139A1
WO2001009139A1 PCT/US2000/020133 US0020133W WO0109139A1 WO 2001009139 A1 WO2001009139 A1 WO 2001009139A1 US 0020133 W US0020133 W US 0020133W WO 0109139 A1 WO0109139 A1 WO 0109139A1
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Prior art keywords
camptothecin ester
aromatic camptothecin
aromatic
ester
group
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PCT/US2000/020133
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhisong Cao
Beppino C. Giovanella
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Stehlin Foundation for Cancer Research
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Stehlin Foundation for Cancer Research
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Priority to AT00950619T priority Critical patent/ATE260282T1/de
Priority to JP2001514342A priority patent/JP5301066B2/ja
Priority to AU63699/00A priority patent/AU6369900A/en
Priority to EP00950619A priority patent/EP1200443B1/en
Priority to CA2380022A priority patent/CA2380022C/en
Priority to DE60008540T priority patent/DE60008540T2/de
Publication of WO2001009139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001009139A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to aromatic esters of camptothecins.
  • Camptothecin a natural product originally found in China, but now grown in many
  • camptothecin Since it proved to be a potent anticancer in animal models, camptothecin
  • Camptothecin is insoluble in water itself. In order to use the drug for i.v.
  • camptothecin was converted to its sodium form (CPT sodium carboxylate).
  • camptothecin series have now been established (Wall et al., Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 17, 117, 1977).
  • the intact lactone form with an ⁇ -hydroxyl group at the position 20 of the molecule is believed to be essential for antitumor activity.
  • camptothecin and its derivatives have shown a promising activity against a wide spectrum of human tumors grown in xenografts in nude mice (Giovanella et al., Cancer Res. 51, 3052, 1991, and Natelson et al, Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 803, 224, 1996), but much less activity was observed in human clinical trials. This difference in antitumor activity has been associated with the finding that the hydrolysis of lactone to carboxylate of the molecule is much faster in human plasma than in mouse.
  • 5,646, 159 relates to the esterification of 10,11-dioxymethylenecamptothecin with amino acid derivatives as acylating reagents at the position 20 to provide several water-soluble compounds.
  • These two patents use the same acylating reagents (amino acids) for the esterification reaction, and the products are water-soluble, thus they are not related to water-insoluble camptothecin esters and are not within the scope of the present invention.
  • U.S. patent No. 5,731 ,316 discloses esterification of camptothecins with various different acylating reagents rather than amino acids to provide a wide range water-insoluble ester compounds of camptothecins.
  • the compounds disclosed in this invention significantly increase the biological life span while maintaining the inherent antitumor activity and lowering the toxicity.
  • the previous patent did not use any aromatic functionality for the esterification reaction.
  • the present invention relates, for the first time, to making aromatic esters of camptothecins.
  • camptothecin compounds which are active against various types of tumors and are non-toxic.
  • prodrugs can regenerate to the parent active camptothecin compounds by an enzymatic hydrolysis after in vivo administration.
  • the present invention relates to a compound of formula
  • the present invention also relates to a method for treating malignant tumors or cancer in a mammal and comprises administering an effective amount of a composition containing one or more of the compounds of formula (I) depicted above.
  • the present invention relates to novel camptothecin derivatives.
  • camptothecin derivatives are preferably water-insoluble aromatic camptothecin esters.
  • the aromatic camptothecin esters preferably have the formula (I):
  • R 1 represent H, N0 2 , NH 2 , N 3 , a halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), carboxyl (COOH), a C ⁇ - ⁇ 6 alkyl group, C ⁇ _ ⁇ 6 alkylenyl group, a C 3-8 cycloalkyl group, a Ci.g alkoxyl group, an aroxyl group, CN, S0 3 H, a C ⁇ .g halogenated alkyl group, (CH 2 ) n NR 2 7 (where
  • R 7 is H, or a C ⁇ -8 alkyl group, n is an integer of from 1 to about 8), hydroxyl, SH, SR 8 (where
  • R 8 is a Ci.g alkyl group, or a phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group), a carbonyl group,
  • R 9 e.g., COR 9 , where R 9 is a C ⁇ -8 alkyl group, or a phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group
  • SiR 3 10 where R 10 is a C M alkyl group
  • the R group is respectively positioned at the 9, or 10, or 1 1, or 12 position of ring A.
  • R 1 can also be a disubstituted 10, 1 l-O-(CH 2 ) y -0- group (where y is an integer of from 1 to 3).
  • X represents H, a C !-8 alkyl group, a C
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are, independently, H(s), CM 2 alkyl group(s), CM 2 alkenyl group(s), COOH(s), S0 3 H(s), CN(s), CF 3 (s), CCl 3 (s), CH 2 F(s), CH 2 Cl(s), CHF 2 (s), CHCl 2 (s), OH(s), OR l2 (s) (where R 12 is a C ⁇ -8 alkyl group, or a C ⁇ -8 alkenyl group, or an aromatic group), N 3 , NO 2 (s), NR 2 13 (s) (where R 13 is H, or C ⁇ -4 alkyl group), carbonyl group (s), halogen(s).
  • at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 is not a hydrogen. More preferred aromatic camptothecin esters of the present invention are as follows, wherein:
  • R 1 is hydrogen and X represents hydrogen as well.
  • R 4 OH
  • R 1 is preferably 9-N0 2 and X represents hydrogen.
  • R 1 is preferably
  • Preferred C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl groups are CH -CH-
  • Preferred C ⁇ _ 8 alkoxyl groups are MeO-, EtO-, n-C 3 H ? -0-, i-C 3 H 7 -O-, n-C 4 H 9 -0-,
  • Preferred aroxyl groups are p-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 -, m-CH O-C 6 H 4 -, o-CH 3 OC H 4 -, o,p-
  • Preferred cycloalkyl groups are cyclo-C 3 , cyclo-C 4 , cyclo-C 5 , cyclo-C 6 , cyclo-C 6 , cyclo-
  • Preferred carbonyl groups are CH 3 C-, CH 3 CH 2 C-. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C-. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C-, 0 0 0 0 O
  • Mammalian carboxylesterases represent a multigene family and are present in a wide variety of organs and tissues of many mammalian species (Satoh, in reviews in Biochemical
  • CPT-1 a semisynthetic compound
  • camptothecin derivative and now commercially available for cancer treatment, is a prodrug of
  • camptothecin compounds by carboxylesterases specifically in tissues.
  • the prodrugs of the present invention are prepared by esterifying the 20-hydroxyl group of camptothecins with the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids.
  • the reaction can be done in DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide, Aldich, Milwaukee, WI) with DCC (1, 3- dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, Aldrich, Milwaukee, WI) as catalyst as depicted in Scheme 1.
  • the preparation is preferably carried out in the following way:
  • the starting camptothecin compound preferably 2 to 10 molar equivalent of the reacting aromatic acid of the general formula C 6 R2 -6 COOH, preferably 2 to 8 molar equivalent of DCC, and a catalytic amount of DMAP are added to about 60-100 ml DMF in a 250 ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer.
  • the mixture is stirred at room temperature under nitrogen gas for 72-96 hi".
  • Dicyclohexyl urea formed is removed by filtration.
  • the filtrate is poured onto 500-800 ml ice water while stirring.
  • the crude product is collected by filtration, air-dried at room temperature, then separated by column chromatography with THF-C 2 H 2 (from 1 :7 to 1 :15) as eluent.
  • the pure ester prodrug is obtained as white or yellow powders after precipitation from petroleum ether. Reaction yields can range from 5 to 98%.
  • camptothecin compound having an available hydroxyl group may be used to prepare the aromatic esters of the present invention.
  • Suitable camptothecin compounds are described, for example, in US Patent Nos. 4,894,456, 4,981,968, 5,053,512, 5.049,668, 5,106,742, 5,180,722, 5,244,903, 5,227,380, 5,122,606, 5,122,526, 5,225,404, 4.914,205, 4,545,880, 4,604,463, 4,473,692, 4,031,098, EP 0 220 601, EP 0 074 256.
  • camptothecin compounds which can be employed to prepare the aromatic esters of the present invention as well formulations and methods of using and preparing formulations.
  • Preferred hydroxyl group containing camptothecin compounds for use in the present invention are camptothecin itself, 9-nitrocamptothecin and 9-aminocamptothecin.
  • the (R, S,) or (S), versions, or both can be used to prepare the compounds of the present invention.
  • the S -camptothecin is preferred.
  • the aromatic esters of camptothecin can be (R, S,) or (S) aromatic esters of camptothecin.
  • Table 1 shows the average response of 14 human cell lines to camptothecin and its aromatic esters.
  • Table 2 shows the average response of 14 human cell lines to 9-nitrocamptothecin and its aromatic esters.
  • the compounds of the present invention are effective in the treatment of cancer, including, but not limited to, malignant tumors and other forms of cancer.
  • malignant tumor is intended to encompass all forms of human carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas which occurs in the poorly differentiated, moderately differentiated, and well differentiated forms.
  • an effective amount of the compound or formulation containing one or more compounds of the present invention is administered to the patient.
  • an effective amount of the compound or formulation containing one or more compounds of the present invention is administered to the patient.
  • an effective amount of the compound or formulation containing one or more compounds of the present invention is administered to the patient.
  • an "effective amount" of the compound of the present invention is intended to mean that amount of the compound which will inhibit the growth of, or retard cancer, or kill cancer or malignant cells, and/or cause the regression and/or palliation of cancer such as malignant tumors, i.e., reduce the volume or size of such tumors or eliminate the tumor entirely.
  • the compounds of the present invention and formulations of the present invention can be used in the treatment of a number of tumors and/or cancers including, but not limited to, human cancers of the lung, breast, colon, prostate, melanoma, pancreas, stomach, liver, brain, kidney, uterus, cervix, ovaries, urinary track, gastrointestinal, and other solid tumors which grow in a anatomical site other than the blood stream as well as blood borne tumors such as leukemia.
  • Other solid tumors include, but are not limited to, colon and rectal cancer.
  • the compounds of the present invention are also useful as inhibitors of the enzyme topoisomerase I.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered by any acceptable route including, but not limited to, orally, intramuscularly, transdermally, intravenously, through an inhaler or other air borne delivery systems, and the like.
  • the compounds and the formulations of the present invention are administered orally, intramuscularly, or transdermally and most preferably delivered orally. Examples of transdermally delivery systems can be found, for instance in U.S. Patent No. 5,552,154 and 5,652,244 incorporated in their entirety by reference herein.
  • the compounds or formulations of the present invention can also be administered to a patient through a liposome system such as ones described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the compounds and formulations of the present invention can be used in combination with other drugs and formulations for the treatment of cancers such as taxol, taxotere, or their derivatives as well as cisplatin and derivatives thereof With mammals, including humans, the effective amounts can be administered on the basis of body surface area.
  • body surface area may be approximately determined from the height and weight of an individual (see, e.g., Scientific Tables, Geigy Pharmaceuticals, Ardsley, N.Y., pp. 537-538 (1970).
  • An effective amount of the camptothecin compounds in the present invention can range from about 12.5 mg/m 2 of body surface per day to about 31.3 mg/m of body surface per day.
  • the preferred effective amounts or dosages of the compounds of the present invention in mice are about 1 to about 4 mg per/kg of body weight twice a week for an intramuscular route and about 0.75 to about 1.5 mg per/kg/day for the oral route.
  • Effective amounts or dosages of the compounds of the present invention in mice are, for instance about 1.5 mg/Kg/week to about 10 mg/Kg/week for the transdermal route.
  • the exact timing of administration of the dosages can be varied to achieve optimal results.
  • Intralipid 20 as the carrier for the compound, the actual dosage of the compound reaching the patient may be less. This is due to some loss of the compound on the walls of the syringes, needles, and preparation vessels, which is prevalent with the Intralipid 20 suspension.
  • Another important feature of the method provided by the present invention relates to the relatively low or no apparent overall toxicity of the camptothecin compounds administered in accordance herein.
  • Overall toxicity can be judged using various criteria. For example, loss of body weight in a subject over 10% of the initially recorded body weight (i.e., before treatment) can be considered as one sign of toxicity. In addition, loss of overall mobility and activity and signs of diarrhea or cystitis in a subject can also be interpreted as evidence of toxicity.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or dilutents, such as Intralipid 10 or 20 or natural oils, or other suitable emulsifiers for lipophilic compounds.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or dilutents such as Intralipid 10 or 20 or natural oils, or other suitable emulsifiers for lipophilic compounds.
  • Camptothecin (0.8 g, 0.0023 mol), benzoic acid (1.8 g, 0.014 mol), DCC (1.2 g, 0.0058 mol), and DMAP (0.3 g, 0.0025 mol) were added to 60 ml DMF in a 250 ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The mixture was stirred under N 2 at room temperature for 72 hr. Dicyclohexyl urea formed during the reaction was removed by filtration. The filtrate was poured onto 600 ml ice water while stirring. The stirring was maintained for 30 min. The crude product was collected by filtration. The residue was chromatographically separated with THF-CH 2 C1 2 (1 : 15) as eluent.
  • Mass m e (relative intensity): 515 (m + , 2), 375 (22), 347 (18), 332 (8), 286(3), 140 (63), 123 (100), 45 (36), 75 (16); precise mass (C 27 H 18 N 3 0 7 F); found, 515.113; required, 515.1 13.
  • Isomer 1 has a structure as shown below:

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PCT/US2000/020133 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers Ceased WO2001009139A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT00950619T ATE260282T1 (de) 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 Aromatische ester von camptothecinen und verfahren zur behandlung von krebserkrankungen
JP2001514342A JP5301066B2 (ja) 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 カンプトセシン芳香族エステルおよび癌治療方法
AU63699/00A AU6369900A (en) 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers
EP00950619A EP1200443B1 (en) 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers
CA2380022A CA2380022C (en) 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers
DE60008540T DE60008540T2 (de) 1999-08-03 2000-07-25 Aromatische ester von camptothecinen und verfahren zur behandlung von krebserkrankungen

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US09/365,633 US6228855B1 (en) 1999-08-03 1999-08-03 Aromatic esters of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers
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WO2003101996A2 (en) 2002-05-31 2003-12-11 Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.P.A Esters in position 20 of camptothecins
US6720306B2 (en) 1997-12-17 2004-04-13 Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Tetrapartate prodrugs
WO2005070936A1 (en) * 2004-01-09 2005-08-04 Institute Of Mataria Medica, Chinese Academy Of Medical Sciences 20-esterized camptothecin derivatives, their preparation and the pharmaceutical compositions and the use

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US6509027B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2003-01-21 Supergen, Inc. Injectable pharmaceutical composition comprising coated particles of camptothecin
US6534080B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2003-03-18 Super Gen, Inc. Method for administering camptothecins via injection of pharmaceutical composition comprising coated particles of a camptothecin
US6703399B2 (en) 2002-05-06 2004-03-09 The Stehlin Foundation For Cancer Research Halo-alkyl esters of camptothecins and methods of treating cancer using these compounds
US6699875B2 (en) * 2002-05-06 2004-03-02 The Stehlin Foundation For Cancer Research Cascade esters of camptothecins and methods of treating cancer using these compounds
CN100443486C (zh) * 2002-09-11 2008-12-17 中国医学科学院药物研究所 7-酯化和7,20-双酯化的喜树碱衍生物及其制法和其药物组合物与用途
US20040204435A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-10-14 Joachim Liehr Alternating treatment with topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II inhibitors
WO2005062991A2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-14 American Bioscience, Inc. Ten and 20-di-esterification derivatives of camptothecins and methods to treat cancers
US7700612B2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2010-04-20 Abraxis Bioscience, Llc Di-ester prodrugs of camptothecin, process for their preparation and their therapeutical applications
US20060135546A1 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-06-22 Jagadevappa Basavaraja Methods for the purification of 20(S)- camptothecin
US7875602B2 (en) * 2005-10-21 2011-01-25 Sutter West Bay Hospitals Camptothecin derivatives as chemoradiosensitizing agents
CN101522686A (zh) * 2006-08-11 2009-09-02 克里斯特斯斯特林癌症研究基金会 制备喜树碱酯的方法
US7572803B2 (en) * 2007-10-25 2009-08-11 The Christus Stehlin Foundation For Cancer Research Hydrated crystalline esters of camptothecin
US20130121921A1 (en) 2011-11-11 2013-05-16 The Christus Stehlin Foundation For Cancer Research Rodent Therapeutic Model And Methods
CN115073483B (zh) * 2022-07-27 2022-10-25 泽升科技(广州)有限公司 一种伊立替康的对映体的制备方法

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US6407239B1 (en) 2002-06-18
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US6228855B1 (en) 2001-05-08
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