WO2001007560A1 - Washing or cleansing product portion and packaging for same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a washing or cleansing product portion, in particular to be placed in a washing machine or in a dish-washer to operate a programme in an aqueous phase. Said portion contains at least a measured amount of a preparation with detergent action and at least a water-soluble polymer material comprising the measured amount(s) of at least a preparation with detergent action. At least a constituent of at least one of the preparations with detergent action is also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and/or at least a constituent of the water-soluble material is also contained in one of the preparations with detergent action. The invention also concerns a package for such a portion of washing or cleansing product, and a washing or cleansing method.

Description

 DETERGENT OR DETERGENT PORTION AND PACKING FOR DETERGENT OR DETERGENT

The present invention relates to a detergent or cleaning agent portion with a new packaging, in particular with a water-soluble packaging, more particularly with a packaging which is water-soluble at a certain temperature, but which does not have an adverse interaction with the ingredients of the washing or cleaning portion. The invention further relates to a new packaging for detergents or cleaning agents with properties that are improved over the prior art.

Detergents and cleaning agents and processes for their production have been known for a long time and have been extensively described in the prior art. Washing or cleaning agents are usually made available to the consumer in the form of spray-dried or granulated solid products or as liquid goods. In line with the consumer's desire for convenient dosing options, in addition to the two classic variants mentioned, products in pre-portioned form have become established on the market and are also described in the prior art. There are descriptions of detergents or cleaning agents in the form of pressed molded articles, that is to say tablets, blocks, briquettes, rings and the like, and portions of solid and / or liquid detergents or cleaning agents packed in bags.

In the case of single-dose quantities of detergents or cleaning agents that come onto the market packed in bags, bags made of water-soluble film have become established. These make it unnecessary for the consumer to tear open the packaging. In this way it is easy to dose a single portion, dimensioned for a washing or cleaning cycle, by inserting the bag directly into the washing machine or dishwasher, especially in ren detergent dispenser or by throwing the bag into a certain amount of water, for example in a bucket, a bowl or in a hand wash or - sink, possible. The bag surrounding the detergent or cleaning agent portion dissolves without residue when a certain temperature is reached. Detergents and cleaning agents packed in bags made of water-soluble film are also described in large numbers in the prior art.

For example, the older patent application DE 198 31 703 discloses a portioned washing or cleaning agent preparation in a bag made of water-soluble film, in particular a bag made of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), in which at least 70% by weight of the particles of the washing or cleaning agent Preparation have particle sizes> 800 μm.

The water content as well as the content of other components contained in the film material is in equilibrium with the content of water in the surrounding air (air humidity) and possibly other compounds. The same thing happens between the film and the inside of the bag. In other words, phase equilibrium is established over time.

Moisture environment = water content film = moisture inside the prey.

For the packaged product, this situation is almost equivalent to an open storage of the product in the ambient air.

Especially in connection with the moisture or the water content of the film, this situation causes problems and is particularly undesirable in the case of the use of percarbonates as bleaching agents in the washing or cleaning formulation. Percarbonates are not stable in the long run in the presence of moisture, and the activity of this component drops markedly as a result of water absorption. Under conditions of a certain humidity, percarbonate as bleaching detergent or cleaning agent preparations are therefore not stable in storage. The alternative perborates can be used against activity less sensitive than percarbonates, but cannot be used due to esterification with the polyvinyl alcohol of the films.

A known solution consists in coating the water-soluble film material with a further, for example a vapor-blocking layer, which leads to a limited water vapor permeability of the packaging. For example, vapor barrier layers can be used to protect percarbonate from moisture. In another example, an additional layer on the inside of the packaging can achieve a mechanical and chemical separation of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL) forming the outer packaging from the ester with PVAL-forming perborate, thus stabilizing the packaging.

For example, the publication WO 98/40464 (Unilever NV) describes combinations of at least one tablet of a compressed particulate detergent or cleaning agent preparation with a closed packaging system comprising this, which has a water vapor transmission rate of less than 20 g / m ² per day, ideally of 5 g / m ² per day. This packaging system is intended to improve the physical properties of the packaged pressed tablet during storage and to improve the kinetics of the solution in contact with water.

EP-A 0 899 208 (The Procter & Gamble Company) describes combinations of detergent or cleaning agent preparations in the form of a stack of tablets which contain a bleaching agent which is not stable in a moist environment, and a packaging which comprises this and is not water-soluble a water vapor transmission rate of less than 20 g / m ² per day, ideally 0.5 g / m ² per day. The packaging consists, for example, of monolayers or coextruded or laminated films made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and / or polyethylene terephthalate. A clear disadvantage of these solutions described in the prior art is that the production of a film material consisting of several (for example two) layers is complex and increases the price of the products not inconsiderably. On the other hand, the complete water solubility of the packaging is regularly abandoned in favor of water vapor impermeability, which is also undesirable due to packaging residues that occur during the washing or cleaning process.

As an alternative to the proposals of the prior art described above, the use of an outer vapor-blocking outer packaging is obvious for moisture-sensitive and / or hygroscopic products. The product is then optimally protected against the ingress of water or moisture; in the container, however, there is a very low equilibrium humidity compared to normal atmospheric humidity. This is determined by the packaged detergent or cleaning agent preparation. The water is almost completely removed from the water-soluble film material. This makes it brittle and mechanically sensitive. The bags containing detergent or cleaning agent portions can then tear, even if handled carefully by the consumer, and the contents are then poured into the vapor-proof outer packaging. This removes the advantages of a detergent or cleaning agent portion packaged for direct use in a washing machine or dishwasher in a water-soluble film.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that either when washing or cleaning agent ingredients, which are also contained in the washing or cleaning agent to be included, are incorporated into the water-soluble films, or when washing or cleaning agent-compatible plasticizers are also used Contained in the water-soluble film, into which detergents or cleaning agents are compounded, ideal packaging materials for detergents or cleaning agents as well as practical and conveniently metered portions of detergents or cleaning agents can be obtained, which are included in the packaging materials mentioned. The invention relates to a detergent or cleaning agent portion, in particular for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase, the at least one measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and at least one the measured amount (s) at least a water-active polymer material comprising a wash-active preparation, wherein one or more components ^) of at least one of the wash-active preparations are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material.

In the same way, the invention relates to a detergent or cleaning agent portion, in particular for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase, the at least a measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and at least one the measured amount (s) n) contains at least one wash-active preparation comprising water-soluble polymer material, one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also being present in at least one of the wash-active preparations.

Furthermore, the invention relates to comprising at least a measured amount of a detergent-active preparation of a detergent or detergent portion in the form of a water-soluble polymer material which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher, one or more component (s) of at least one of the detergent-active Preparations are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material.

In the same way, the invention relates to encompassing at least a measured amount of a detergent-active preparation of a detergent or detergent portion which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher, in the form of a water-soluble polymer material, one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer -Materials are also contained in at least one of the detergent formulations. The invention further relates to a method for producing at least a measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and at least one of the measured amount (s) of at least one detergent-active, which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase Preparation comprising a detergent or cleaning agent portion comprising water-soluble polymer material, which is characterized by the steps that one

- Provides at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation;

- Provides at least one water-soluble polymer material, at least one water-soluble polymer material containing one or more components of at least one of the wash-active preparations; and or

- Provides at least one water-soluble polymer material, wherein at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation contains one or more components of the water-soluble polymer material; and

- Contains at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation with the at least one water-soluble polymer material.

The invention further relates to a washing or cleaning process in which

- Placing a detergent or cleaning agent portion as defined above in a washing machine or dishwasher;

- by adding water and adjusting the temperature to a first temperature value at which at least one water-soluble polymer material comprising a measured amount of a wash-active preparation of the detergent or cleaning agent portion is released, at least one wash-active preparation is released into the liquor; and if necessary - By adding more water and adjusting the temperature to one or more additional temperature value (s), which is / are above the first temperature value and possibly above other earlier temperature values, one or more further detergent preparations into the wash - or cleaning liquor is released.

In the context of the present invention, the term “detergent or cleaning agent portion” is understood to mean an amount of a detergent or cleaning agent which is sufficient for a washing or cleaning process taking place in an aqueous phase. This can be, for example, a machine washing or cleaning process, as is the case with commercially available products According to the invention, however, this term is also understood to mean a hand wash cycle (for example carried out in a hand wash basin or in a bowl) or a dishwasher cycle carried out by hand or another process of washing or cleaning Invention can also be used, for example, for floor cleaning, for glass cleaning, for cleaning fittings, devices, devices and surfaces in the kitchen, for cleaning fittings, devices, devices and surfaces in the bathroom and as a hand wash According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portions are preferably used in machine washing or cleaning processes.

In the context of the present invention, the term “portion of detergent or cleaning agent” is understood to mean a portion of a portion of detergent or cleaning agent which, in a phase separated from other portions of detergent or cleaning agent, is spatially connected to other portions of detergent or cleaning agent the same detergent or detergent portion is present and is prepared by suitable measures so that it can be added to the liquor separately from other detergent or detergent portions of the same detergent or detergent portion and, if necessary, dissolved or suspended in it can a washing or cleaning detergent portion contain the same ingredients as another detergent or detergent portion of the same detergent or detergent portion; alternatively, two washing or cleaning agent portions of the same washing or cleaning agent portion can contain different ingredients, in particular different washing-active preparations. However, the invention also comprises portions of detergent or cleaning agent with only one uniformly composed portion of detergent or cleaning agent, for example made of powders, particles or moldings.

According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portions contain measured amounts of detergent-active preparations. It is possible that the portions contain only wash-active preparations of a certain composition. According to the invention, however, it is preferred that several, usually at least two, detergent-active preparations of different compositions are contained in the detergent or cleaning agent portions. The composition can differ in terms of the concentration of the individual components of the wash-active preparation (quantitative) and / or with regard to the type of the individual components of the wash-active preparation (qualitative). It is particularly preferred that the components are adapted in terms of their type and concentration to the tasks which the detergent or cleaning agent portion portions have to fulfill in the washing or cleaning process. In the context of the present invention, the portions are preferably the first, second and optionally third or even higher (fourth, fifth, etc.) measured amounts of one or more detergent-active preparation (s) comprised by various water-soluble materials, which add up to a detergent or cleaning agent Portion are combined according to the invention.

In the context of the present invention, the term “wash-active preparation” is understood to mean preparations of all conceivable substances relevant in connection with a washing or cleaning process. These are primarily the actual detergents or cleaning agents with their teren course of the description of individual components explained in more detail. These include active substances such as surfactants (anionic, non-ionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants), builder substances (inorganic and organic builder substances), bleaching agents (such as peroxo bleaching agents and chlorine bleaching agents), bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleaching catalysts, enzymes, special ones Polymers, dyes and fragrances (perfumes), without the term being restricted to these substance groups.

However, the term “wash-active preparations” is also understood to mean washing aids and cleaning aids. Laundry treatment agents such as fabric softener or dishwashing agent additives such as rinse aid are also considered as wash-active preparations according to the invention.

According to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portion contains at least one water-soluble polymer material comprising the measured amount (s) of at least one wash-active preparation. Such a polymer material is preferably a packaging comprising at least one wash-active preparation. This is understood to mean a flat or three-dimensional structure which completely surrounds at least a measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and thus forms a portion of detergent or cleaning agent which regularly (but not necessarily) is in close proximity to another, possibly also from one included water-soluble packaging, but in any case measured amount of a further washing-active preparation in the form of a detergent or cleaning agent portion. The exact form of such packaging is not critical and can largely be adapted to the conditions of use. There are, for example, various shapes (such as hoses, pillows, cylinders, bottles, disks or the like) processed or processed plastic films or sheets, capsules or other conceivable shapes. According to the invention, preference is given to films which, for example, can be glued and / or sealed to form packaging, such as hoses, pillows or the like, after they have been partially Portions of the detergent or cleaning agent portion according to the invention were filled.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the enclosure comprises a water-soluble polymer material. The enclosure is even more preferably a flat plastic part, even more preferably a plastic packaging. Plastic capsules or bottles and in particular packaging in the form of a water-soluble polymer film are preferred here. In turn, glued and / or sealed plastic film packs are preferred among the plastic film packs. It is particularly advantageous for the enclosure to be a water-soluble polymer film glued with a water-soluble adhesive.

Such films are known in principle from the prior art and originate, for example, from the group of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, water-soluble polyacrylates, water-soluble polyurethanes, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cellulose and mixtures thereof.

Polyvinyl alcohols, abbreviated as PVAL, are polymers of the general structure

[-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -] _n

which in small proportions also structural units of the type

[-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH (OH) -CH ₂ ]

contain. Since the corresponding monomer, the vinyl alcohol, is not stable in free form, polyvinyl alcohols are prepared in solution via polymer-analogous reactions by hydrolysis, technically in particular by alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of polyvinyl acetates with alcohols (preferably methanol). These technical processes also make PVAL accessible, which contain tunable residual portion of acetate groups. The latter are sometimes referred to as "acetalized" PVAL.

Commercial PVAL (eg Mowiol ^® types from Hoechst) are commercially available as white-yellowish powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range from approximately 500 to 2500 (corresponding to molecular weights from approximately 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol) and have different degrees of hydrolysis from about 70 mol%. For example, they have degrees of hydrolysis of 98 to 99 and 87 to 89 mol%. They are therefore partially saponified polyvinyl acetates with a residual acetyl group content of about 1 to 2 or 11 to 13 mol%.

The water solubility of PVAL can be reduced by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexing with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus specifically adjusted to desired values. PVAL films are largely impenetrable for gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, but allow water vapor to pass through.

Examples of suitable water-soluble PVAL films are the PVAL films available from Syntana Handelsgesellschaft E. Harke GmbH & Co. under the name "SOLUBLON ^® ". Their solubility in water can be adjusted to the degree, and films of this product series are available, which are soluble in the aqueous phase in all temperature ranges relevant to the application.

Polyvinylpyrrolidones, abbreviated as PVP, can be identified by the general formula

describe.

PVP are produced by radical polymerization of 1-vinyl pyrrolidone. Commercial PVPs have molar masses in the range of approx. 2500-750,000 g / mol and are offered as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.

Polyethylene oxides, PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula

H- [O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ] n-OH

which are produced industrially by base-catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in systems containing mostly small amounts of water with ethylene glycol as the starting molecule. They have molar masses in the range of approx. 200-5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n of approx. 5 to> 100,000. Polyethylene oxides have an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxyl end groups and show only weak glycol properties.

Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: approx. 15,000 to> 250,000 g / mol), which is primarily obtained by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions. The amino acid composition of the gelatin largely corresponds to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance. The use of gelatin as a water-soluble coating material is extremely widespread, especially in the pharmaceutical industry in the form of hard or soft gelatin capsules. In the form of films, gelatin is used only to a minor extent because of its high price in comparison to the abovementioned polymers.

Also preferred in the context of the invention are portioned detergent and cleaning agent compositions whose bags are made of water-soluble film at least one polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof.

Starch is a homoglycan, with the glucose units linked α-glycosidically. Starch is made up of two components of different molecular weights: approx. 20-30% straight-chain amylose (MW. Approx. 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched-chain amylopectin (MW. Approx. 300,000 to 2,000,000), in addition there are only a few Contain quantities of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations. While the amylose forms long, helical, intertwined chains with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules as a result of the binding in the 1,4 position, the chain in the amylopectin branches to an average of 25 glucose building blocks by 1,6 binding to one knot-like structures with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose. In addition to pure starch, for the production of water-soluble bags within the scope of the present invention, starch derivatives are also obtainable from starch by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Starches in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as starch derivatives. The group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and starches and amino starches.

Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ Hιo0 ₅ ) _n and formally considered a ß-1, 4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molar masses of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted. However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.

Preferred enclosures made of water-soluble film consist of a polymer with a molecular weight between 5,000 and 500,000 daltons, preferably between 7,500 and 250,000 daltons and in particular between 10,000 and 100,000 daltons. The water-soluble film which forms the enclosure preferably has a thickness of 1 to 150 μm, preferably 2 to 100 μm, particularly preferably 5 to 75 μm and in particular 10 to 50 μm.

These water-soluble films can be produced by various manufacturing processes. In principle, blowing, calendering and casting processes should be mentioned here. In a preferred method, the films are blown from a melt with air through a blow mandrel to form a tube. In the calendering process, which is also one of the preferred manufacturing processes, the raw materials plasticized by suitable additives are atomized to form the films. Here it may be necessary to connect drying to the atomization. In the casting process, which is also one of the preferred production processes, an aqueous polymer preparation is placed on a heatable drying drum; after the water has evaporated, cooling is optionally carried out and the film is removed as a film. If necessary, this film is additionally powdered before or during the removal.

According to the invention, the polymer material forming the enclosure of at least one wash-active preparation does not consist solely of one of the polymers mentioned or a mixture comprising several polymers, but contains essentially other substances. At least two alternatives are conceivable according to the invention:

- One or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material; and or

- One or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is / are also contained in at least one of the wash-active preparations.

According to the invention it is possible that either one of the two states is given alternatively, i. H. that either one or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material or that alternatively one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is / are also contained in at least one of the wash-active preparations , However, it is also one of the preferred embodiments that both conditions exist at the same time, i. H. that both one or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations are / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and that at the same time one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is also contained in at least one of the wash-active preparations /are. It is a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention if both alternatives are given simultaneously.

According to the invention, the fact that one or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and / or that one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is also present in at least one of the wash-active preparations is / are achieved, that from the stage of production a phase equilibrium is established between the ingredients of a wash-active preparation and the water-soluble polymer material comprising at least these. It takes place between the two phases a continuous exchange of materials takes place; however, this does not lead to an enrichment of the respective substance (s) in one phase beyond the concentration of the phase equilibrium and an associated depletion of the respective substance (s) in another phase, which regularly leads to an undesirable change of the respective properties. The repeatedly observed changes in the properties of one or more ingredients (s) of one or more wash-active preparation (s) with regard to the properties, e.g. B. the washing or cleaning activity, in the washing or cleaning process and / or changes in the properties of one or more enclosures surrounding the active washing preparations) or packaging (s) with regard to the properties, for. B. the water solubility or brittleness, remained in the detergent or cleaning agent portion according to the invention or in their enclosure.

Basically, the fact that one or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and / or that one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is also in at least one of the wash-active polymer materials Preparations is / are not imposed from the perspective of the respective components contained in both phases. Basically, each of the components of the detergent preparation is suitable for incorporation into the water-soluble polymer material and the establishment of a phase equilibrium between a detergent preparation and a polymer material, as well as for compounding into the wash-active preparation (s) and the establishment of a phase equilibrium between a polymer material and a wash-active preparation each of the components of the polymer material comes into question.

According to the invention, however, certain ingredients of the respective phases are advantageous for establishing the equilibrium. The main advantage is the fact that no other non-film substances have to be worked into the film, which means that a complicated manufacturing process and an increase in the weight of the film can be avoided as well as an increase in the cost of film production. Furthermore, certain ingredients are appropriate because a quick and thus advantageous adjustment of the phase balance can be achieved with respect to these substances and the advantages of the invention thus come to fruition quickly. However, this can also be due to the fact that the substance contained in a special case in both phases (active washing preparation and water-soluble polymer material) can be conveniently incorporated into both phases.

It corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the invention to select, as substances contained in at least two phases, those which - if appropriate with addition of small amounts (<20% by weight, advantageously <10% by weight, based on the preparation) - are liquid or pasty to waxy at room temperature. Substances that are selected according to this requirement, which is to be seen from the point of view of application, lead to detergent or cleaning agent portions with full activity of the detergent substances and storage-stable, properties which are improved in terms of properties.

According to the invention, an embodiment of the detergent or cleaning agent portions is particularly preferred in which the component (s) also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is / are selected from at least one of the wash-active preparation (s) from the group which does not consist of -ionic and anionic surfactants, as defined in detail below.

Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type. Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are cumene sulfonate,

Olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, into consideration, as can be obtained, for example, from C ₂ -i ₈ monoolefins with terminal or internal double bonds by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates, which are derived from Ci ₂ -ιβ-alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization be won. The esters of 2-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the 2-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters. Fatty acid glycerin esters are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, such as those used in the production by esterification of a monoglycerin with 1 to 3 mol of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol Glycerin can be obtained. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfate products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

As alk (en) yl sulfates, the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid semiesters of the C ₂ -C ₈ fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁ -C ₂ o-oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. The C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfates and C ₁ -C ₁₅ -alkyl sulfates and Cu-Cis-alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology. In addition, 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ^®, are suitable anionic surfactants.

Also, the Schwefelsäuremonoester with 1 to 6 moles of ethylene ethoxylated linear or branched C ₇ - ₂ i-alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched Cg-n-alcohols -ι containing on average 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _{2 8} -Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. They are used in detergents because of their high foaming behavior is used only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain Cβ-iβ fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below). Again, sulfosuccinates, the fatty alcohol residues of which are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are particularly preferred. It is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants. Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The anionic surfactants, including the soaps, can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts. In a further embodiment of the invention, surfactants are used in the form of their magnesium salts.

In the context of the present invention, detergent and cleaning agent portions are preferred which contain 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight in particular 15 to 25% by weight of one or more anionic ten-sides, each based on the detergent and cleaning agent portion.

When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention, there are no restrictions to be observed in the freedom of formulation. Preferred detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention, however, have a soap content which exceeds 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the detergent and cleaning agent portion. The preferred anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred detergent and cleaning agent portions being 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (s) , each based on the weight of the detergent and cleaning agent portion.

The nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated or propoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 80, preferably 3 to 12, moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol residue is linear or preferred can be methyl-branched in 2-position or contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. However, alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 1 to 80, preferably 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C ₂ -C ₄ alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, Cg-n alcohol with 7 EO, C ₁₃ . ₁₅ - alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, Cι ₂ -ι ₈ alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, and mixtures of Cι ₂ .ι ₄ alcohol with 3 EO and Cι ₂ .i ₈ alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to These nonionic surfactants can also use fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO, 40 EO or up to 80 EO.

Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants, which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and 3 to 80 , preferably up to 20 alkoxy groups, preferably ethoxy groups in the molecule, in particular fatty acid methyl ester, as described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably prepared by the process disclosed in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Alkyl polyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R represents a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, and G is the Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.

The detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, APG contents of the detergent and cleaning agent portions of more than 0.2% by weight, based on the entire shaped body, being preferred. Particularly preferred detergent and cleaning agent portions contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular in amounts of 0.5 to 3% by weight.

Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.

Other suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),

R-CO-N- [Z] (I)

in which RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^ for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

R ¹ -0-R ²

R-CO-N- [Z] (II) in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 represents} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C ₁ -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxyated, preferably ethoxylated or propylated, derivatives of this rest.

[Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.

Even more preferred according to the invention are nonionic surfactants from the group alkoxyated fatty alcohols with 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol alkyl radical, fatty alcohols of natural origin, ie straight-chain and regularly containing predominantly an even number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group, compared to synthetic fatty alcohols (e.g. Branched fatty alcohols or those containing an odd number of carbon atoms) are preferred. Examples of the fatty alcohols from the point of view of the availability of the compounds are lauryl alcohol (C ₁₂ ), myristyl alcohol (Cu), cetyl alcohol (Ciβ) etc. or mixtures originating from native sources. The number of alkoxy groups, which are primarily ethoxy groups or propoxy groups, particularly preferably ethoxy groups, can vary within wide limits and is particularly preferably between 3 and 80. Further nonionic surfactants which are also present in the water-soluble polymer Material can be included, according to the invention alkoxyated C ₈ - to C ₂ o - fatty acid alkyl esters with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 3 to 80, preferably up to 20 alkoxy groups in the molecule, the alkoxy groups preferably being ethoxy groups. From a practical point of view, it will be advantageous to take into account the fact that those compounds from the above-mentioned groups are used which are still liquid to pasty even with longer chain lengths at the application temperatures.

According to the invention, anionic surfactants can also preferably be used for the stated purpose. From the group of these compounds come primarily alkylbenzenesulfonic acids with 9 to 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups and their salts (predominantly present in an alkaline medium), cumol sulfonic acid and their salts, fatty alcohol sulfates with 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol alkyl radical and C. ₈ - to C ₂ o - fatty acids and their salts in question.

According to the invention, an embodiment of the detergent or cleaning agent portions in which the component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also contained in at least one detergent-active preparation is / are selected from the group of the hydrophilic plasticizers. According to the invention, particular preference is given to polyols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, polyalkylene glycols having 2 to 4 (preferably linear) alkylene carbon atoms (ie ethylene groups, propylene groups or butylene groups) in the molecule, particularly preferably polyethylene glycols and / or polypropylene glycols, further particularly preferably polyethylene glycols and / or polypropylene glycols with molecular weights in the range from 200 to 12,000, more preferably with molecular weights <1,500. Structurally analogous amines, ie compounds in which the glycol -O group has been replaced by an amine -NH group, can also be used with advantage in the abovementioned polyalkylene glycols. The ranges of the molecular weights given above also apply to the amines. From a practical point of view, such compounds can be used with advantage that are still liquid to pasty at the (elevated) application temperatures. In addition, an embodiment of the detergent or cleaning agent portions is preferred according to the invention, in which the component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also contained in at least one detergent-active preparation is / are selected from the group of fragrances and fragrance preparations ( perfumes). Individual perfume compounds can be used as perfume oils or fragrances, for example the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, pt-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linain acetate, dimethylbenzyl carbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, lininyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethylimethylphenyl benzylate, allyl cyclopropylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylatexylateylateylateylateylateylateylateylate, The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether. The aldehydes include e.g. B. linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetal dehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, Lileai and Bourgeonal.

The ketones include the ionones, α-isomethyl ionone and methyl cedryl ketone. Alcohols include anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and teineol. The hydrocarbons mainly include tepenes like limonene and pinene. Mixtures of different fragrances are preferably used which are coordinated with one another in such a way that they together produce an appealing fragrance. Such perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures, such as are obtainable from plant sources. Examples are pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are nutmeg oil, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to use low molecular weight polyacrylates or polymethacrylates or polymaleinates (acids or - under the alkaline conditions of use preferably their salts including their amine or (also organic) ammonium salts) or copo- polymers of polyacrylates / polymethacrylates and polymaleinates can be used.

The concentrations of the respective compounds in the respective phases, i.e. H. in the wash-active preparation (s) and in the comprehensive water-soluble polymer material (s) depend entirely on the specific individual case. The concentration values are of course influenced by the character of the material present in the two phases in question, possibly interactions between two or more current materials, their respective interaction (s) with the other components of the respective phase, the temperature, the pressure and, if appropriate, others parameters. In general, the phase equilibrium concentration in one of the two phases in question is 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective phase, preferably 1 to 30% by weight and more preferably 3 to 25% by weight. , The only thing that is decisive for the concentration of a substance in question is that there is a phase equilibrium between the concentration of the respective substance (s) between the phases, in which the properties of the wash-active preparation (s) on the one hand and the water-soluble polymer material / polymer materials on the other hand, are in a desirable range.

According to the invention, it is of course also possible to design the detergent or cleaning agent portion and / or its enclosure or the enclosure comprising a partial portion in such a way that one of the two phases does not produce any of the substances which later provide the expected property (s) in equilibrium contains the other phase, however, so much that a phase equilibrium between the two phases (at least one washing-active preparation and / or at least one enclosure) is established in the course of a controlled time (for example hours or a few days) without the corresponding substance in the Phase in which it is initially contained is so greatly depleted that its desired or already optimized properties deteriorate unacceptably, or without the properties of the phase in which initially the corresponding substance is not present at all or is present in an amount below the equilibrium concentration, so badly that a subsequent establishment of a phase equilibrium no longer improves the properties to an acceptable extent. In this case, one or more component (s) can be incorporated into one of the two phases alone, while one or more other substance (s) can be incorporated into the other phase alone. After the two phases have been brought together in the course of producing the detergent or cleaning agent portion according to the invention by filling one or more detergent-active preparations) into one or more enclosures made of one or more water-soluble polymer material (s), this is then controlled by diffusion or Adsoφtionseffekte a phase equilibrium of the respective substance in the two phases (wash-active substance or water-soluble polymer material), which does not adversely affect the desired properties of the two phases even with prolonged storage.

In the detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention, the enclosures of the wash-active preparation (s) consisting of a water-soluble polymer material are selected from the group consisting of foils, capsules and coatings.

According to the invention, particular preference is given to polyvinyl alcohol films as enclosures for the at least one wash-active preparation. The PVAL films used with preference are soluble at cold water temperature, that is to say at about 12 to 18 ° C. According to a further preferred embodiment, the PVAL films used are soluble at a temperature in a range which corresponds to the temperature range of the washing cycle or cleaning cycle in which the respective measured amount of a detergent-active preparation is used. This is the case, for example, in the case where the measured amount of a wash-active preparation in question is a preparation for the main wash cycle of a dishwasher, the temperature of the main wash cycle, for example in the range from> about 20 to about 55 ° C., preferably> 25 ° C. to under 45 ° C, more preferably a temperature above 30 ° C to for example 40 ° C. In the case where, for example, the respective measured amount of a detergent-active preparation is a preparation for the rinse cycle of a dishwasher, the temperature at which the film is water-soluble is at the temperature of the rinse cycle and is, for example,> 45 ° C., e.g. B. in the range of 50 to 55 ° C or even higher. In coordination with the requirements and customary settings of the devices, different temperature ranges apply to washing processes in washing machines, for example up to about 25 ° C. for the prewash, up to about 90 ° C. for the main wash and up to about 30 ° C. for the post-wash. Of course, the temperatures at which the water-soluble film dissolves can be set within a wide range or are film materials commercially available (cf. the films of the MOWIOL ^® type mentioned above or the films of the SOLUBLON ^® type mentioned above) which are set to a certain range of temperature of water solubility; The person skilled in the art can then select such films according to the requirements and also incorporate the components into such films or have them incorporated by adjusting the phase equilibrium, which are used according to the invention in the films.

It is a further preferred embodiment of the invention that the water-soluble material, which comprises the respective measured amount of a detergent-active preparation, is a water-soluble capsule. Such capsules are also known from the prior art. For example, they are capsules made of PVAL, gelatin, or similar materials, without being understood as a limitation. Such capsules are commercially available and are widely used in connection with pharmaceutical preparations or food additives. Capsules made of hard gelatin or soft gelatin have proven particularly useful and are therefore particularly preferred according to the invention.

In a further, likewise preferred embodiment of the invention, this comprises the respective measured amount of a detergent preparation water-soluble material a water-soluble coating. Coatings or coating substances of this type are already used in the prior art for coating detergent-active substances and, like the film materials, can be adjusted precisely to certain technical requirements with regard to their physical properties, for example in terms of water solubility, melting point or melting range. For the purposes of the present invention, coatings which are water-soluble in the narrower sense are just as suitable for coating detergent-active preparations as coatings which dissolve in an aqueous environment when certain physical or chemical conditions are set, such as, for example, at a specific temperature or pH because, for example, they melt and the coating substances are then dispersed in water and release the ingredients previously provided with the coating or enclosure, ie the detergent-active preparation (s).

In this sense, the term “water-soluble” in the context of the present invention generally encompasses not only the property of the enclosures of the wash-active preparations to be dissolved by an aqueous medium (in the narrower sense), but also the property (in the broader sense) Adjusting certain physical or chemical conditions in the aqueous environment such that the physical integrity is lost and the enclosure releases the ingredients into the aqueous phase, melting and then dispersing the enclosure material in the aqueous phase is a typical (but not limiting) ) Example.

In principle, the coatings or coating substances should have a melting range in such a temperature range in which the detergent substances to be coated are not exposed to excessive thermal stress. On the other hand, the melting range must be sufficiently high to still provide adequate protection for the enclosed detergent substances at at least a slightly elevated temperature. The substances of the coatings or the coating substances preferably have melting ranges which are between approximately 45 ° C. and approximately 75 ° C. The term "melting range" means in this Case that the melting range occurs within the temperature range mentioned and does not indicate the width of the melting range. Coatings from waxes have proven to be particularly effective in this context if they are applied directly to the wash-active preparation or their individual components, and such coatings are therefore easy to apply and the possibility of adjusting the water solubility exactly and thus of the circumstances to coordinate optimally and to allow an adjustment of a phase equilibrium between the enclosure and the enclosed detergent preparation, particularly preferred.

"Waxing" is understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances which generally melt above 40 ° C without decomposition and which are relatively low-viscosity and non-stringy just above the melting point. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.

The waxes are divided into three groups according to their origin, namely natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.

The natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, espartog ras wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or brush fat, mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax) or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or microwaxes.

The chemically modified waxes include hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, sasso waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.

Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of material which meet the requirements given above with regard to the softening point can also be used as covering materials or coatings. As suitable synthetic compounds have, for example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl phthalate, commercially available under the name Unimoll 66 ^® (Bayer AG) is available, proven. Are also suitable Synthetic waxes of lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols, for example Dimyristyltartrat, which is available under the name Cosmacol ^® ETLP (Condea). Conversely, synthetic or partially synthetic esters from lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used. The product Tegin ^® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate, falls into this class of substances. Shellac-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH) can also be used according to the invention as a coating material or coating.

The so-called wax alcohols are also included in the waxes in the context of the present invention, for example. Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols with usually about 22 to 40 carbon atoms. The wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular weight fatty acids (“wax acids”) as the main constituent of many natural waxes. Examples of wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or melissyl alcohol. by which is Triteφenoid- and stero-idalkohole, for example, lanolin understand, for example, under the trade designation Argowax ^® (company Pamentier & Co.) is available. also, at least partially, as a shell material can be used in the present invention Fettsäureglycerinester or fatty acid alkanolamides, but optionally also water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds. The coating substance in the coatings used according to the invention preferably contains predominantly paraffin wax. Further preferred are at least 50% by weight of the total coating substances contained, more preferably even more, paraffin waxes. Paraffin wax contents (based on the total coating substance) of approximately 60% by weight, approximately 70% by weight or approximately 80% by weight are particularly suitable, with even higher proportions of, for example, more than 90% by weight being particularly preferred are. In a very special embodiment of the invention, the total amount of the coating substance used consists of paraffin wax. Paraffin waxes have the advantage over the other natural waxes mentioned in the context of the present invention that, in an alkaline detergent or cleaning agent environment, there is no hydrolysis of the waxes, as is to be expected, for example, from wax esters, since paraffin wax contains no hydrolyzable groups.

Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes and low levels of iso- and cycioalkanes. The paraffin waxes to be used preferably have essentially no constituents with a melting point of more than 70 ° C., particularly preferably more than 60 ° C. Proportions of high-melting alkanes in the paraffin wax can leave undesired wax residues on the laundry to be washed or the items to be cleaned if the melting temperature in the detergent or cleaning agent fleet is not reached. Such wax residues lead to an unattractive appearance of laundry or items to be cleaned and should therefore be avoided. The coating substances which are used in the context of the present invention contain a paraffin wax with a melting range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C.

Preferably, the paraffin wax content of alkanes, isoalkanes and cycioalkanes which are solid at ambient temperature (about 10 to about 30 ° C.) is as high as possible. The more solid wax components present in a wax at room temperature, the more useful it is within the scope of the present invention. As the proportion of solid wax components increases, the resilience of the particles coated with the coating material increases Impacts and friction on other surfaces, which leads to better protection of the detergent substances contained in the particles.

In addition to paraffin waxes as the main constituent, the coating substance can also contain one or more of the waxes or wax-like substances mentioned above. In principle, the mixture forming the coating substance or coating should be such that the particles coated with it are at least largely water-insoluble. The solubility in water should not exceed about 10 mg / l at a temperature of 30 ° C. and should preferably be 5 mg / l. In any case, the coating should have the lowest possible solubility in water, even in water at elevated temperatures, in order to avoid as far as possible a release of the detergent substances that is independent of the temperature.

The above-mentioned principle serves to delay the release of wash-active preparations at a certain time in the washing or cleaning cycle and can be used particularly advantageously, for example when washing in the main cycle at a relatively lower temperature (for example 45 ° C.), so that the washing-active Substance from the coated particles comprising a rinse aid is only released in the rinse cycle at higher temperatures (e.g.> 55 ° C).

Envelope substances or coatings preferably used in the context of the invention comprise one or more substances with a melting range from 40 ° C. to 75 ° C. in amounts of 6 to 30% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 25% by weight and in particular from 10 to 20% by weight, based in each case on the particle weight.

It corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the invention that the detergent or cleaning agent portion in which one or more component (s) of at least one of the detergent-active preparations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and / or in the at least one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material one of the washing-active preparations is / are additionally provided with a casing or outer casing which, in a particularly preferred embodiment, for water vapor and / or for the component (s) present in the phase equilibrium or subject to the adjustment of a phase equilibrium is less permeable than the enclosure (s) immediately surrounding the wash-active preparations. This additional enclosure can be an enclosure comprising only one detergent or cleaning agent portion or can be an enclosure comprising several detergent or cleaning agent portions. The latter case is preferred: several portions of detergent can be offered to the consumer in a "portion pack", so to speak. This not only solves a transport-related problem of the simultaneous delivery of several (eg six, ten or more) detergent or detergent portions , but also an optimal protection of the individual detergent or cleaning agent portions against exchange with water vapor or substances from the inside of the enclosure or substances from the environment. A particularly long storage stability can be guaranteed. The permeability of this additional enclosure for water and for The component (s) present according to the invention in phase equilibrium can be quite different, so it is possible that the permeability for one or more of the components is (if appropriate) slightly larger or smaller than for water Invention, be i who can reclose such an additional enclosure after opening and removing one or more detergent or cleaning agent portions. This can be guaranteed in a manner known per se from the prior art, for example as described in the publication EP-A 0 899 208. The person skilled in the art of packaging technology knows such devices for reclosing such an enclosure and can do so according to his Select expertise without limitation.

It is further preferred according to the invention to use an outer enclosure according to the present description which has only limited permeability for water vapor. Desired and according to the invention usable with particular advantage enclosures have a water vapor permeability of <10 g / m ² per day at 23 ° C and 85% rel. Moisture, more preferably a water vapor permeability of <5 g / m ² per day. Outside enclosures that have no measurable water vapor permeability when measured in accordance with DIN EN 53122 are particularly preferred. Suitable materials for these purposes are also known from the prior art. For example, these can be single-layer, multilayer, laminated or co-extruded films made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, copolymers thereof or mixtures thereof without limitation. Polyethylene or polypropylene films with one or more layers are particularly advantageous.

In the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention there are preferably several, for example first, second and possibly higher (third, fourth, etc.) measured amounts of detergent preparations, each independently of the other shaped body-like, powdery, gel-like or liquid detergent or cleaning agent preparations. Shaped detergent or cleaning agent preparations can be present as granules, tablets, blocks, briquettes, rings or other shaped articles; Tablets, blocks or briquettes in particular can be uniformly shaped bodies or bodies which have depressions, recesses, grooves or the like, which serve to accommodate special components of the preparations or which have also been applied or applied for technical purposes. Liquid detergent or cleaning agent preparations can be solutions, suspensions or other liquid systems known for washing and cleaning purposes.

The detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention contain one or more substances from the group of surfactants, surfactant compounds, builders, bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, foam inhibitors, colorants and fragrances and - in the event that the detergent or cleaning agent portions at least partially as a molded article - binding and disintegration aids. These classes of substances are described below.

To develop the washing performance, the detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention can contain surface-active substances from the group of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants being clearly preferred for economic reasons and because of their performance spectrum.

The anionic and nonionic surfactants which can be used in the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention have already been broadly described above. As indicated, the use of anionic surfactants is preferred.

It may furthermore be preferred to use cationic surfactants in addition to anionic and nonionic surfactants. They are preferably used as washing performance bousters, whereby only small amounts of cationic surfactants are required. If cationic surfactants are used, they are preferably contained in the agents in amounts of 0.01 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.

In the cases where the detergent portions according to the invention are detergents, they usually contain one or more surfactant (s) in total amounts of 5 to 50% by weight, preferably in amounts of 10 to 35% by weight .-%, partial portions of the detergent portions according to the invention may contain surfactants in larger or smaller amounts. In other words: the amount of surfactant is not the same in all portions; rather, partial portions with a relatively larger and partial portions with a relatively smaller (or even no) surfactant content can be provided.

In the cases in which the detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention are cleaning agents, in particular dishes detergents, these usually contain one or more surfactant (s) in a total amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 5% by weight, with larger portions of the detergent portions according to the invention in larger portions or less may be included. In other words, the amount of surfactant is not the same in all portions, even with detergents or dishwashing detergents; rather, partial portions with a relatively larger and partial portions with a relatively smaller (or no) surfactant content can be provided.

In addition to the wash-active substances, builders are the most important ingredients in detergents and cleaning agents. The washing and cleaning agent portions according to the invention can usually contain builders used in washing and cleaning agents, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where there are no ecological prejudices against their use - also the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x 0 ₂ χ + ι H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicate Na ₂ Si ₂ 0 ₅ 'yH ₂ 0 are preferred, with β-sodium disilicate being able to be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a modulus Na ₂ θ: Siθ ₂ of 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which are delayed in dissolving and have secondary washing properties. The release delay compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be done in different ways, for example by surface treatment. tion, compounding, compacting / compaction or overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amoφh" is also understood to mean "roentgenamoφh". This means that the silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle. However, it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be integrated in such a way that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray silicates, which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried X-ray silicates.

An optionally used finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P. Zeolite MAP (eg commercial product: Doucil A24 from Crosfield) is particularly preferred as the zeolite of the P type. However, zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable. Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention, for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ^® and by the formula

nNa ₂ 0 ^• (1-n) K ₂ 0 ^• Al ₂ 0 ₃ ^• (2 - 2.5) Si0 ₂ ^■ (3.5 - 5.5) H ₂ 0

can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) on and preferably contain 18 to 22 wt .-%, in particular 20 to 22 wt .-% of bound water.

It is of course also possible to use the generally known phosphates as builders in detergents, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons. The sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates are particularly suitable.

Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid function. These are, for example, citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, amino carboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided that their use is not objectionable for ecological reasons, and mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these. The acids themselves can also be used. In addition to their builder action, the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to adjust a lower and milder pH value of detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention. In this context, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures of these should be mentioned in particular.

Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders. These are, for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of the present invention, the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M _w respective acid form, which were basically determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was made against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The mole masses measured against polystyrene acids are generally significantly higher than the molar masses specified in the context of the present invention.

Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates with molecular weights of 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group.

Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable. Their relative molar mass, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution. The content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

To improve water solubility, the polymers can also contain allyisulfonic acids, such as, for example, in EP-B 0 727 448, allyloxybenzoisulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as monomers. In particular, biodegradable polymers of more than two different monomer units are preferred, for example those which, according to DE-A 43 00 772, are monomers as salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and also vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C 42 21 381 contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid as well as sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE-A 43 03 320 and DE-A 44 17 734 and which preferably contain acroiein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.

Also to be mentioned as further preferred builder substances are polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursor substances. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which it is disclosed in German patent application DE-A 195 40 086 that, in addition to co-builder properties, they also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Further suitable builder substances are polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example as described in European patent application EP-A 0 280 223. Preferred polyacetals are derived from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, Glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and obtained from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.

Other suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches. The hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol. A polysaccharide with a dextrose Equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30, is preferred, DE being a customary measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100. Both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher molar masses in the range from 2,000 to 30,000 g / mol can be used. A preferred dextrin is described in British patent application 94 19 091.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known in particular from European patent applications EP-A 0 232 202, EP-A 0 427 349, EP-A 0 472 042 and EP-A 0 542 496 and from international patent applications WO 92/18542 , WO 93/08251, WO 93/16110, WO 94/28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608. An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A 196 00 018 is also suitable. A product oxidized at Cβ of the saccharide ring can be particularly advantageous.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are further suitable co-builders. Ethylene diamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS), the synthesis of which is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,158,615, is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates, as described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 4,524,009 and 4,639,325, in European patent application EP-A 0 150 930 and in Japanese patent application JP-A 93 / 339,896 to be discribed. Suitable amounts for use in zeolite-containing and / or silicate-containing formulations are 3 to 15% by weight. Further useful organic co-builders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups. Such co-builders are described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/20029.

Another class of substances with co-builder properties are the phosphonates. These are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroalkane phosphonates, 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt reacting neutrally and the tetrasodium salt alkaline (pH = 9). Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of the neutral reacting sodium salts, e.g. used as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or as hepta and octasodium salt of DTPMP. HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates. The aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it may be preferred, particularly if the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphates mentioned.

In addition, all compounds that are able to form complexes with alkaline earth metal ions can be used as co-builders.

In addition to the surfactant and builder components mentioned, the detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention can contain further ingredients from the group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, which are customary in detergents or cleaning agents. contain, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors.

Among the compounds which serve as bleaching agents and supply H ₂ 0 ₂ in water, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ 0 ₂ -supplying peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. If cleaning or bleaching preparations for machine dishwashing are produced, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyiperoxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaching agents are the peroxy acids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxy acids and the aryl peroxy acids. Preferred representatives are (a) peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkyiperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monophthalate; (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxy acids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxy-caproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-peroxycaproic acid, N-

Nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-Nonenylamidoper-succinate; and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1, 12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1, 9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid, diperoxybrassyl acid, the di-peroxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1, 4-dereoic acid, N, N-di-acid (6- aminopercapronic acid) can be used.

Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in compositions for machine dishwashing. Suitable materials that release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and below, bleach activators can be incorporated into the detergent and cleaning agent portions. Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable are substances which carry O- and / or N-acyro groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to multiply acyiated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acyiated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acyiated glycoluriie, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acyiated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially 2-polyacetate, especially 2 5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to the conventional bleach activators or in their place, so-called bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the detergent and cleaning agent portions. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes. Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.

Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Bakery series strains or fungi, such as Baciilus subtilis, Bacillus iicheniformis and Streptomyces griseus, enzymatic active ingredients obtained. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used. Enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulose or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but in particular mixtures containing cellulase, are of particular interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases. The enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition. The proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the compositions according to the invention can be, for example, approximately 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to approximately 2% by weight.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention also contain further additives as are known from the prior art as additives for washing or cleaning agent preparations. These can either be added to one or more, if necessary also to all partial portions (active detergent preparations) of the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention or - as described in the pending patent application No. 199 29 098.9 with the title “active ingredient portion pack” - Are incorporated into the water-soluble materials comprising the detergent formulations, for example into the water-soluble films, but also into the capsules or coatings according to the invention.

A preferred group of additives used according to the invention are optical brighteners. The optical brighteners customary in detergents can be used here. These are added as an aqueous solution or as a solution in an organic solvent to the polymer solution which is converted into the film, or become a partial portion (washing-active preparation) Detergent or cleaning agent added in solid or liquid form. Examples of optical brighteners are derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Are suitable for. B. salts of 4, 4'-bis (2-anilino-4-moφhoiino1,3,5-triazinyl-6-amino-) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure, which instead of the morpholino group a Diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group. Furthermore, brighteners of the type of the substituted diphenylstyryl can be contained in the partial portions (detergent preparations) of the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention, e.g. B. the aicalis salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl-) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl-) diphenyl or 4- (4-chlorostyryl-) 4 '- (2nd -sulfostyryl-) biphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.

Another group of additives preferred according to the invention are UV protection substances. These are substances which are released in the washing liquor during the washing process or during the subsequent fabric softening process and which accumulate on the fiber in order to then achieve a UV protection effect. Products from Ciba Specialty Chemicals that are commercially available under the name Tinosorb are suitable.

Other conceivable additives which are preferred in special embodiments are foam inhibitors, but also bitter substances which can prevent accidental swallowing of such packaging or parts of such packaging by children.

Another group of additives preferred according to the invention are dyes, in particular water-soluble or water-dispersible dyes. Dyes are preferred here, as are usually used to improve the optical product appearance in detergents and cleaning agents. The choice of such dyes does not pose any difficulties for the person skilled in the art, in particular since such customary dyes have a long shelf life and are insensitive to the other ingredients of the detergent preparations and light and have no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to stain them. According to the invention, the dyes are present in the detergent or cleaning agent portions in amounts of less than 0.01% by weight.

Another class of additives that can be added to the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention are polymers. Among these polymers are, on the one hand, polymers which show cobuilder properties during washing or cleaning or rinsing, for example polyacrylic acids, also modified polyacrylic acids or corresponding copolymers. Another group of polymers are polyvinylpyrrolidone and other graying inhibitors, such as copolymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose ether and the like. According to a further embodiment of the invention, so-called soil repellents are also suitable as polymers. These are polymers that attach to fibers or hard surfaces and counteract re-soiling there. Relevant compounds of this type are known to the detergent expert. These are polyesters of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, some of which are modified with sulfonic acid groups.

Another group of additives are bleaching catalysts, in particular bleaching catalysts for automatic dishwashing detergents or detergents. Complexes of manganese and cobalt are used here, especially with nitrogen-containing ligands.

Another preferred group of additives in the sense of the invention are silver protection agents. These are a large number of mostly cyclic organic compounds which are also familiar to the person skilled in the art and which help to prevent tarnishing of silver-containing objects during the cleaning process.

As further additives according to the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portions can also contain components which have a positive influence on the oil and fat washability from textiles, so-called soil repellents. This ef- fect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times beforehand with a detergent according to the invention which contains this oil- and fat-dissolving component. The preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxy groups from 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15% by weight. , each based on the nonionic cellulose ether, and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives thereof , Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.

All of these additives are added to the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention in amounts of up to at most 30% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight. As already mentioned, the addition can also be made to a material of a water-soluble enclosure, which comprises one or more of the wash-active preparation (s). In order to maintain the balance of the recipe, it is therefore possible for a person skilled in the art to either increase the weight of the plastic material for the enclosure, in order to exploit the depot effect which is achieved according to the invention, or to add at least some of the additives mentioned to keep the rest of the active detergent preparation. However, this is less preferred.

Fragrances are added to the detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention in order to improve the overall aesthetic impression of the products and, in addition to the technical performance (fabric softener result), to provide the consumer with a sensorially typical and distinctive product. The fragrances and fragrance preparations (perfumes) which can be used in the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention have already been broadly described above.

The fragrance content is usually in the range up to 2% by weight of the total detergent or cleaning agent portion.

The fragrances can be incorporated directly into the wash-active preparations; However, it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers, which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a longer-lasting fragrance for the textiles due to a slower fragrance release. Cyclodextrins, for example, have proven themselves as such carrier materials. The cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can also be coated with other auxiliaries.

The perfumes and fragrances can in principle be contained in each of the partial portions (detergent preparations) of the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention. However, it is particularly preferred that they are used in a detergent in a partial detergent portion provided for the post-wash or fabric rinse cycle or in a detergent, especially in a dishwashing detergent, in a partial detergent portion provided for the rinse or rinse cycle, special portion of detergent portion are included. According to the invention, therefore, they must be made of a material which is water-soluble only under the conditions (in particular at the temperature) of the post-wash or rinse cycle, and water-insoluble under the conditions (in particular at the temperature) of the preceding wash or rinse cycles, in particular from a corresponding film or capsule be included. According to the invention, this can be done, for example, with a pouch consisting of a plurality of compartments made of foils of different water solubility.

The detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention can be in a number of different configurations. Such training Designs can depend on the components used in particular, in particular on the active washing preparations, but can also be freely selectable within certain limits.

There are numerous detergent-active preparations in the form of powders, powder mixtures or in the form of particulate bodies, for example spheres or granules, so that it is possible to use detergent and cleaning agent portions according to the invention as single-portion packs or packs of combinations of powdered or to provide particulate components, for example as combinations of powdery or particulate components in plastic bags with one or more chambers or layers or as individual portions or combinations of powdery components in capsules. According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the solid, for example powdery, components can be processed into granules or beads and in the form of granules or beads - comparable to the powders - can be packed in bags made of film with several layers or chambers or in capsules, in what form they are used immediately for washing or cleaning.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the detergent or cleaning agent portions can also be in the form of solids pressed into bodies, which can have any shape; such shaped bodies (such as tablets, blocks, briquettes, rings or the like) are known from the prior art and can also be used in the context of the present invention. In particular, such shaped bodies can also have depressions, depressions, incisions or the like, which serve special purposes for accommodating individual washing-active preparations. Of course, molded articles are also used in combination with powders, in combination with liquids (the latter, for example, then in an enclosure made of a water-soluble material according to the invention) or in combination with a detergent preparation embedded in a meltable matrix within the scope of the present invention. Preferred, but non-limiting, examples of wash-active preparations which are combined into detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention can be:

- One or more washing-active preparations in powder, particle or granule form and / or liquid form for one or more courses of the washing or cleaning process in one or more enclosures made of one or more water-soluble polymer material (s), preferably in one individual polymer material bags or in coherent polymer material bags of different, more preferably temperature-dependent, water solubility; Such preparations can also include detergent preparations of different compositions for one and the same washing or cleaning cycle, for example three detergent preparations, of which e.g. B. are provided for the pre (wash or cleaning) course and two for the main (washing or cleaning) course or z. B. Two are provided for the main (washing or cleaning) course and one for the post (washing or cleaning) course;

a washing-active preparation in powder form and a washing-active preparation in the form of a body which melts at high temperature in an enclosure which dissolves in water at the temperature at which the detergent or cleaning agent portion in powder form is required in the liquor;

- A wash-active preparation in the form of a shaped body and a wash-active preparation in the form of a body which melts at high temperature in a container which dissolves in water at the temperature at which the detergent or cleaning agent portion in solid form is needed in the liquor becomes; this embodiment can comprise a molded body that is partially or completely delayed in release, for example by compressing or encompassing one for a certain amount Time or water resistant coating at a certain temperature; if in this case the casing is soluble in cold water, the molded body is released into the liquor early in the washing or cleaning cycle and can quickly dissolve components for a preliminary (washing or cleaning) cycle and (due to the delay in dissolving) slowly soluble components for one Main (wash or cleaning) course or quickly soluble components for a first part of the main (washing or cleaning) course and (due to the release delay) slowly soluble components for a second part of the main (washing or Cleaning) gangs included; the wash-active preparation originating from the melting body is in any case intended for the post-washing (washing or cleaning) course;

- A wash-active preparation in the form of a molded body (optionally comprised of a water-soluble polymer material, optionally delayed in dissolution) in combination with a wash-active preparation comprised of a water-soluble polymer material, for example in liquid form;

a wash-active preparation in the form of a (possibly delayed release) shaped body with a trough in which a further wash-active preparation in the form of a powder is held by a polymer material which is soluble in water at a certain temperature;

- A wash-active preparation in the form of a (possibly dissolving) molded body with a trough in which a further wash-active preparation in the form of a shaped body is held by a polymer material which is soluble in water at a certain temperature; by adjusting the solubility of the second molded body, soluble components can be metered into the wash liquor under certain conditions (e.g. certain temperature); - Several wash-active preparations in the form (optionally dissolving) molded bodies are combined in water-soluble polymer materials of different water solubility to form a detergent or cleaning agent portion, optionally together with other components in other (under different conditions) water-soluble polymer materials.

As indicated above, these cases are non-limiting examples of detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention.

The method according to the invention for the production of at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation and at least one the measured amount (s) of at least one wash-active preparation which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase comprehensive detergent or cleaning agent portion containing water-soluble polymer material is characterized by the steps that one

- Provides at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation;

- Provides at least one water-soluble polymer material, at least one water-soluble polymer material containing one or more components of at least one of the wash-active preparations; and or

- Provides at least one water-soluble polymer material, at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation containing one or more components of the water-soluble polymer material; and

- Contains at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation with the at least one water-soluble polymer material. The process steps depend in detail on whether a measured quantity or whether several measured quantities of detergent-active preparations are contained in the detergent or cleaning agent portion to be produced. Basically, the method is suitable for producing a detergent preparation comprising extensive detergent or cleaning agent portions or a plurality of detergent active preparations comprising detergent or cleaning agent portions. The second-mentioned case is the preferred one according to the invention: Detergent or cleaning agent portions are regularly produced in which several detergent-active preparations are combined to form one portion.

In the simplest case of manufacture, each wash-active preparation is surrounded by a separate water-soluble polymer material. However, it is also possible to include several wash-active preparations with one polymer material. In the manufacturing process according to the invention, the respective water-soluble polymer material must be selected at the temperature at which the respective polymer material should dissolve in the washing or cleaning liquor and thus should release the contents of the partial packaging into the liquor. Another criterion for the choice of the water-soluble polymer material is, however, according to the invention which wash-active preparation is to be comprised by the respective polymer material. This is important because the decision is based on which soft component (s) of the wash-active preparation, the "packaging" of which the polymer material is intended to serve, should also be contained in the polymer material or alternatively or additionally Which component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material should also be contained in the wash-active preparation.

According to the invention, therefore, at least one water-soluble polymer material is provided for the wash-active preparation (s) which contains one or more component (s) which is contained in at least one of the detergent-active preparations included. Alternatively or simultaneously, one or more wash-active preparations are compounded in such a way that they contain at least or even several component (s) of the water-soluble polymer comprising them. Material included. Particularly preferred are one or more of the components mentioned, which are contained in both phases (polymer material (s) and washing-active preparations)), selected from the group of hydrophilic plasticizers and substances which - if appropriate with the addition of small amounts (<20 wt. -%, advantageously <10% by weight, based on the preparation) water - liquid or pasty to waxy at room temperature. Particularly preferred are the above-mentioned, very particularly preferably the surfactant components or polyols, polyalkylene glycols and structurally analogous amines described specifically above. Of these, one or more can be included in both phases.

The content of one or more of the components mentioned is selected in the process according to the invention so that it corresponds to the respective concentration of the phase equilibrium in each of the phases. This means that both phases can be in a dynamic exchange of the respective component (s) right from the start. However, it corresponds to a further embodiment of the invention to choose the concentration of component (s) so that one phase contains the predominant amount or even the total amount of the respective component (s) and the other phase contains a smaller amount of the same component or even does not contain the component (s) in question if the equilibrium between the two phases involved in the washing-active preparation and water-soluble polymer material is established under controlled conditions after production of the detergent or cleaning agent portion according to the invention. By diffusion and / or adsorption, the component in question then migrates, for example (but not restrictively) in hours or a few days into the phase in which the concentration is below the phase equilibrium concentration. The phase equilibrium is set after a short time which is acceptable in practice, and both stable wash-active preparations and storage-stable contents of the wash-active preparation (s) are obtained in combination. Of course, it is also possible within the scope of the production method according to the invention to include several wash-active preparations with a water-soluble polymer material. Examples of this have been mentioned above. In this case, the polymer material can contain one or more components of one or more wash-active substances, as an alternative or simultaneously, several wash-active substances can also contain one or more components of the polymer material.

The invention also relates to the new enclosures for the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention.

These enclosures are particularly suitable for enclosing the detergent or cleaning agent portions according to the invention or their partial portions. These enclosures are either designed so that one or more component (s) of at least one of the (later included) wash-active preparations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material of the enclosure or that one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is also / are contained in at least one of the (later included) wash-active preparations. According to the invention, it is also preferable to implement an embodiment in which both one or more components of at least one of the wash-active preparations are / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and one or more components of the water-soluble polymer material is also / are contained in at least one of the wash-active preparations.

According to preferred and advantageously usable embodiments of the enclosures, the component (s) which is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is / are selected from the group of substances which - optionally with the addition of small amounts of water - are liquid at room temperature or pasty to waxy. According to the invention, an embodiment of the enclosures according to the invention is particularly preferred in which the component (s) also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is / are selected from the group consisting of non-ionic and anionic Surfactants as defined in detail above. Non-ionic surfactants from the group of alkoxyated fatty alcohols having 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol alkyl radical are further preferred according to the invention, fatty alcohols of natural origin, ie straight-chain fatty alcohols containing regularly an even number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group, compared to synthetic fatty alcohols (e.g. B. branched or containing an odd number of carbon atoms fatty alcohols) are preferred. From the point of view of the availability of the compounds, examples of the fatty alcohols are lauryl alcohol (C ₁ 2), myristyl alcohol (C14), cetyl alcohol (Cι ₆ ) etc. or mixtures of such fatty alcohols originating from and processed accordingly. The number of alkoxy groups, which according to the invention are primarily ethoxy groups or propoxy groups, particularly preferably ethoxy groups, can vary within wide limits and is particularly preferably between 3 and 80. Further nonionic surfactants, which are also present in the water-soluble polymer material can be contained, according to the invention, alkoxyated C ₈ to C ₂₀ fatty acid alkyl esters having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 3 to 80, particularly preferably up to 20, alkoxy groups, preferably ethoxy groups, in the molecule. From a practical point of view, it will be advantageous to take into account the fact that those compounds from the above-mentioned groups are used which are still liquid to pasty even with longer chain lengths at the application temperatures.

According to the invention, anionic surfactants can also be used for the stated purpose. From the group of these compounds come primarily alkylbenzenesulfonic acids with 9 to 13 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups and their salts (predominantly present in an alkaline environment), cumene sulfonic acid and their salts, Cι ₂ - to Cι ₈ - fatty alcohol sulfates and C ₈ - to C ₂₀ - Fatty acids and their salts in question. According to the invention, an embodiment of the enclosures for detergent or cleaning agent portions, in which the component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also contained in at least one detergent-active preparation is / are selected from the group of the hydrophilic plasticizers.

According to the invention, particular preference is given to polyols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, polyalkylene glycols having 2 to 4 (preferably linear) alkylene carbon atoms (ie ethylene groups, propylene groups or butylene groups) in the molecule, particularly preferably polyethylene glycols and / or polypropylene glycols, more particularly preferably polyethylene glycols and / or polypropylene glycols with molecular weights in the range from 200 to 12,000, more preferably with molecular weights <1,500. The above-mentioned polyalkylene glycols can also be used advantageously with structure-analogous amines, i.e. H. Compounds in which the glycol -O- group is replaced by an amine -NH- group. The ranges of the molecular weights given above also apply to the amines. From a practical point of view, those compounds which are still liquid to pasty at the (elevated) application temperatures can advantageously be used in the enclosure according to the invention.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to use low molecular weight polyacrylates or polymethacrylates or polymaleinates (acids or - in the case of alkaline conditions of use preferably their salts including their amine or (also organic) ammonium salts) or copolymers of polyacrylates / polymethacrylates and polymaleinates.

As already stated above, the concentrations of the respective component (s) in the scope of the invention are hardly subject to any restrictions, but depend on a number of parameters. In general, the phase equilibrium concentration in the enclosure is 0.5 to 50% by weight, referred to the total weight of the material of the enclosure, preferably 1 to 30 wt .-% and more preferably 3 to 25 wt .-%. In the case mentioned above that the enclosure does not yet contain any of the desired components in the production of the detergent or cleaning agent portion, the concentration at the beginning of the production step can of course be 0% by weight. However, in the course of a controllable, comparatively short time, a phase equilibrium concentration of the corresponding component (s) will occur in the enclosure, which corresponds to a concentration in the above ranges.

It is further preferred according to the invention that the material of the enclosure is a polymer material which is selected from the group consisting of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, starch, cellulose and their derivatives and mixtures thereof. Details of these materials have been given above.

According to the invention, water-soluble polymer materials which are present in the form of films, capsules or coatings are used with particular advantage. Details of these forms have also been explained above in connection with the detergent or cleaning agent portions.

The invention further comprises a washing method using the above-mentioned detergent portions and a cleaning method using the above-mentioned detergent portions. In both processes, enclosures or envelopes are used in which one or more component (s) of at least one of the (later included) detergent formulations is / are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material of the enclosure and / or in which one or more components (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is also / are contained in at least one of the (later included) wash-active preparations.

The washing process according to the invention is in particular a machine washing process in which - Placed a detergent serving in a washing machine as described above;

by adding water and adjusting the temperature to a first temperature value at which at least one water-soluble polymer material comprising a measured amount of a wash-active preparation of the detergent portion releases at least one wash-active preparation into the wash liquor; and if necessary

- By adding more water and adjusting the temperature to one or more additional temperature value (s) which is / are above the first temperature value and possibly above other earlier temperature values, one or more further washing-active preparations in releases the wash liquor.

The cleaning method according to the invention is in particular a method for machine washing dishes, in which

- Placed a detergent portion in the dishwasher as described above;

by adding water and adjusting the temperature to a first temperature value at which at least one water-soluble polymer material comprising a measured amount of a wash-active preparation of the detergent portion is released, at least one wash-active preparation is released into the cleaning liquor; and if necessary

- By adding more water and adjusting the temperature to one or more additional temperature value (s), which is / are above the first temperature value and possibly above other earlier temperature values, one or more further washing-active preparations into the cleaning liquor releases.

The washing or cleaning process therefore aims to achieve optimal conditioning of the washing or cleaning liquor by releasing corresponding detergent or cleaning agent portions under conditions, primarily and therefore preferably: under temperature conditions, into the liquor who- those that allow the properties of the released washing-active preparation to be optimized, in particular at the staggered (first, second and possibly higher) temperatures of the respective washing or cleaning steps.

The present invention thus provides detergent or cleaning agent portions and enclosures suitable for their wrapping, which also contain in the wrapping at least one component which is contained in one of the washing-active preparations of the washing or cleaning agent portions and / or also contain at least one component contained in a water-soluble polymer material forming an enclosure in at least one detergent-active preparation of the detergent or cleaning agent portions. This results not only in ideal packaging or packaging materials for detergent-active preparations, but also in practical detergent or cleaning agent portions which can be conveniently dosed by the consumer and which have properties which are improved compared to the prior art.

Claims

claims

1. Detergent or cleaning agent portion, in particular for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase, containing at least a measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and at least one of the measured amount (s) at least a water-soluble polymer material comprising a wash-active preparation, one or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations also being contained in the water-soluble polymer material.

2. Detergent or cleaning agent portion, in particular for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase, containing at least a measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and at least one of the measured amount (s) at least a water-soluble polymer material comprising a wash-active preparation, one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also being present in at least one of the wash-active preparations.

3. Detergent or cleaning agent portion, in particular for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase, containing at least a measured amount of at least one detergent-active preparation and at least one the measured amount (s) of at least one detergent-active preparation Comprehensive water-soluble polymer material, wherein one or more component (s) of at least one of the wash-active preparations are also contained in the water-soluble polymer material and wherein one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also in at least one of the wash-active Preparations are included.

4. Detergent or cleaning agent portion according to one of claims 1 or 3, wherein the component (s) also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is selected from at least one of the wash-active preparation (s) of substances which - if necessary with the addition of small amounts of water - are liquid or pasty to waxy at room temperature.

5. Detergent or cleaning agent portion according to claim 4, wherein the component (s) is / are selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and 3 to 80 alkoxy groups, more preferably ethoxy groups, in the molecule , Alkoxylated C ₈ - to C ₂ o -fatty acid alkyl esters with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 3 to 80, preferably up to 20, alkoxy groups, more preferably ethoxy groups, in the molecule, C ₉ - to C ₁₃ -alkyl sulfonates, cumene sulfonate, Cι ₂ - to C-ι ₈ - fatty alcohol sulfates and salts of C ₈ - to C ₂ o - fatty acids.

6. Detergent or detergent portion according to one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also contained in at least one detergent-active preparation is / are selected from the group of hydrophilic plasticizers.

7. Detergent or detergent portion according to claim 6, wherein the component (s) is / are selected from the group polyols having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, polyalkylene glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, and structurally analogous Amines with -NH groups instead of the -O groups in the molecule, preferably polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols or structurally analogous amines, more preferably polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols with molecular weights in the range from 200 to 12,000 or structurally analogous amines, even more preferably with molecular weights <1,500 or structurally analogous amines.

8. Detergent or detergent portion according to one of claims 1 or 3, wherein the component (s) also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is selected from at least one of the wash-active preparation (s) of fragrances and fragrance preparations.

9. detergent or detergent portion according to claim 8, wherein the component (s) is / are selected from the group of synthetic fragrance compounds of the ester, ether, alcohol, hydrocarbon or / and mixtures thereof, and the natural Fragrance mixtures as they are accessible from plant sources.

10. Detergent or cleaning agent portion according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the component (s) is / are present in the at least one water-soluble polymer material and in the at least one detergent-active preparation in a concentration corresponding to the state of equilibrium in a concentration of 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective phase, more preferably in a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight, very particularly preferably in a concentration of 3 to 25% by weight %.

11. Detergent or detergent portion according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the component (s) in the at least one water-soluble polymer material and in the at least one detergent-active preparation in an above or below the concentration which corresponds to the equilibrium state , lying concentration is / are present and the concentration corresponding to the state of equilibrium is established within a controlled time, preferably a concentration of 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the respective phase, more preferably a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight .-%, very particularly preferably a concentration of 3 to 25 wt .-%.

12. detergent or detergent portion according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the water-soluble polymer material is selected from the group consisting of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, starch, cellulose and its derivatives and Mixtures of these.

13. Detergent or cleaning agent portion according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the water-soluble polymer material is in the form of films, capsules or coatings.

14. Detergent or detergent portion according to any one of claims 1 to 13, additionally comprising an enclosure which is less permeable to water vapor and / or to the component (s) than the polymer material.

15. Detergent or cleaning agent portion according to claim 14, wherein the enclosure has a water vapor permeability of <10 g / m ² per day at 23 ° C and 85% relative humidity, preferably a water vapor permeability of <5 g / m ² per day, more preferably has no measurable water vapor permeability when measured according to DIN EN 53122.

16. detergent or cleaning agent portion according to one of claims 14 or 15, wherein the enclosure is resealable.

17. Containing at least a measured amount of a detergent-active preparation of a detergent or detergent portion, which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher, in the form of a water-soluble polymer material, one or more component (s) of at least one of the detergent-active preparations also is / are contained in the water-soluble polymer material.

18. Containing at least a measured amount of a wash-active preparation, in particular for loading a washing or crockery Dishwasher-suitable detergent or cleaning agent portion in the form of a water-soluble polymer material, one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material also being present in at least one of the detergent-active preparations.

19. Containing at least a measured amount of a detergent-active preparation of a detergent or detergent portion, which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher, in the form of a water-soluble polymer material, one or more component (s) of at least one of the detergent-active preparations also is / are contained in the water-soluble polymer material and one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material is / are also contained in at least one of the detergent-active preparations.

20. Covering according to one of claims 17 or 19, wherein the component (s) also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is / are selected from at least one of the detergent-active preparation (s) from the group of substances which - if appropriate Add small amounts of water - be liquid or pasty to waxy at room temperature.

21. The enclosure of claim 20, wherein the component (s) is / are selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated fatty alcohols having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and 3 to 80 alkoxy groups, more preferably ethoxy groups, in the molecule, alkoxylated C ₈ - to C ₂₀ fatty acid alkyl esters with 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 3 to 80, preferably up to 20, alkoxy groups, more preferably ethoxy groups, in the molecule, C ₉ - to C ₁₃ - alkyl sulfonates, cumene sulfonate, C ₁₂ - to C ₈ fatty alcohol sulfates and Salts of C ₈ to C ₂ 0 fatty acids.

22. Covering according to one of claims 18 or 19, wherein the component (s) of the washing also contained in at least one washing-active preparation is selected from the group of hydrophilic plasticizers.

23. The enclosure of claim 22, wherein the component (s) is / are selected from the group consisting of polyols with 1 to 20 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, polyalkylene glycols with 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical, and also structurally analogous amines with -NH groups the -O- groups in the molecule, preferably polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols or structurally analogous amines, more preferably polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols with molecular weights in the range from 200 to 12,000 or structurally analogous amines, even more preferably with molecular weights <1,500 or structurally analogous amines.

24. Covering according to one of claims 17 or 19, wherein the component (s) also contained in the water-soluble polymer material is selected from at least one of the wash-active preparation (s) from the group of fragrances and fragrance preparations.

25. Covering according to claim 24, wherein the component (s) is / are selected from the group of synthetic fragrance compounds of the ester, ether, alcohol, hydrocarbon or / and mixtures thereof, and the natural fragrance mixtures as they are vegetable sources are accessible.

26. Enclosure according to one of claims 17 to 23, containing the component (s) in a concentration corresponding to the state of equilibrium, preferably in a concentration of 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer phase, even more preferably in a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight, very particularly preferably in a concentration of 3 to 25% by weight.

27. Enclosure according to one of claims 17 to 23, containing the component (s) in an above or below the concentration that corresponds to the equilibrium level corresponds to lying concentration, the concentration corresponding to the state of equilibrium being established within a controlled time, preferably a concentration of 0.5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer phase, more preferably a concentration of 1 to 30% by weight. -%, very particularly preferably a concentration of 3 to 25 wt .-%.

28. Covering according to one of claims 17 to 27, wherein the water-soluble polymer material is selected from the group consisting of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, starch, cellulose and their derivatives and mixtures thereof.

29. Covering according to one of claims 17 to 28, wherein the water-soluble polymer material is in the form of films, capsules or coatings.

30. A process for the production of at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation and at least one water-soluble polymer comprising the measured amount (s) of at least one wash-active preparation, which is particularly suitable for loading a washing machine or dishwasher for a program run taking place in an aqueous phase. Serving material containing detergent or cleaning agent, characterized by the steps that one

- Provides at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation;

- Provides at least one water-soluble polymer material, at least one water-soluble polymer material containing one or more components of at least one of the wash-active preparations; and or

- Provides at least one water-soluble polymer material, at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active accessory contains one or more component (s) of the water-soluble polymer material; and

- Contains at least a measured amount of at least one wash-active preparation with the at least one water-soluble polymer material.

31. Washing process, in particular machine washing process, in which

- Placed a detergent portion according to one of claims 1 to 16 in a washing machine;

by adding water and adjusting the temperature to a first temperature value at which at least one water-soluble polymer material comprising a measured amount of a wash-active preparation of the detergent portion releases at least one wash-active preparation into the wash liquor; and if necessary

- by adding water (s) and adjusting the temperature to one or more additional temperature value (s), which is / are above the first temperature value and possibly above other earlier temperature values, one or more further washing-active preparations into the wash liquor releases.

32. Cleaning method, in particular method for machine washing dishes, in which one

- Placed a detergent portion according to one of claims 1 to 16 in a dishwasher;

by adding water and adjusting the temperature to a first temperature value at which at least one water-soluble polymer material comprising a measured amount of a wash-active preparation of the detergent portion is released, at least one wash-active preparation is released into the cleaning liquor; and if necessary

- by adding water (s) and adjusting the temperature to one or more additional temperature value (s) that are above the first Temperature value and, if applicable, is / are above other earlier temperature values, releases one or more further washing-active preparations into the cleaning liquor.