DE20023760U1 - Portions of laundry, dish-washing or other detergent in dimensionally-stable hollow molding(s) with at least one compartment, used especially in commercial machine machines and for cleaning - Google Patents

Abstract

Portions (A) of laundry, dish-washing or other detergent in dimensionally-stable hollow molding(s) with at least one compartment comprise: (a) at least one detergent formulation (I); (b) that is (partly) surrounded by an uncompressed material (II) that gives the molding dimensional stability and can disintegrate; and (c) optionally partition(s) dividing the molding(s) into compartments. Independent claims are also included for: (a) portions (B) of laundry and other detergents in the form of hollow moldings sub-divided into not less than 2 (partly) filled compartments surrounded by (I); (b) portions (C) of laundry and other detergents (partly) comprising solidified material; (c) methods of producing portions of detergents in hollow moldings with compartment(s); and (d) a method of producing hollow moldings.

Description

The present invention relates to washing, cleaning or rinsing agent portions, in dimensionally stable hollow bodies are contained with at least one compartment. The invention also relates to processes for the preparation of such washing, cleaning or Detergent portions containing compartment hollow body. Furthermore, the invention relates to washing, cleaning and rinsing methods, in which the detergent, cleaning agent and detergent preparations in dimensionally stable hollow bodies be dosed with one or more separate compartment (s).

in the The prior art extensively describes that detergents, Detergent or detergent the consumer so far usually in the form of spray-dried or granulated solid products or as liquid goods. The consumer's desire for convenient ways Dosage following, in addition to the two mentioned classic Variants Products in pre-portioned form established on the market and are also extensively described in the prior art. It there are descriptions of washing, cleaning or rinsing agents in the form of compressed Moldings, so tablets, blocks, briquettes, Rings and the like, and sachets packed in sachets solid and / or liquid washing, Cleaning or rinsing agent.

In the case of single-dose quantities of detergents or cleansers packed in sachets in the market, bags of water-soluble film have prevailed. These make a tearing of the packaging by the consumer unnecessary. In this way, a convenient dosing of a single, for a washing or cleaning course sized portion by inserting the bag directly into the washing machine or dishwasher, especially in their Einspülkammer, or by throwing the bag into a certain amount of water, for example in a bucket, a bowl or in the hand-washing or -spülbecken, possible. The bag surrounding the detergent, detergent or detergent portion dissolves without residue when a certain temperature is reached. Also in bags of water-soluble film packaged detergents and cleaners are described in the art in large numbers. Thus, the older patent application discloses DE 198 31 703 a portioned detergent or cleaner preparation in a bag of water-soluble film, in particular in a bag of (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), wherein at least 70 wt .-% of the particles of the detergent or cleaning preparation particle sizes> 800 microns , Although such bags or "pouches" are very consumer-friendly and facilitate dosing, but are not in all cases the appropriate form for dosing detergent, detergent and detergent formulations, especially if solid and liquid washing, cleaning or rinse-active preparations are to be dosed next to each other. Furthermore, such pouches do not permit the incorporation of detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent preparations into the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion in unstable or readily volatile phases.

The Document DE-A 20 65 153 describes several components comprising Surfactant-shaped body, the out of an outer shell Sodium silicate and detergent components included therein consist. The silicate shell is made by compression molding in two hemispheres, which after pour in the for a wash sufficient amount of the detergent components assembled and to the molding get connected. The procedure is extremely impractical and does not lead to it useful detergent portions.

The Document DE-A 20 07 413 describes detergent moldings from a Core of one or more detergent component (s) and a shell made of compression molded, predominantly Sodium metal silicate shell material. The pressing of the wrapping material to half-shells and filling and welding the half shells to the finished molding require a complex Technology, and many of the moldings break up before being in the Washing process arrive.

The DE-A 198 34 181, DE-A 198 34 180 and DE-A 198 34 172 describe detergent, dishwashing or cleaning / descaling preparations one by compression molding prepared, consisting of two equal halves tablet from one or more detergent, rinse or detergent components and an optionally provided with an additional enclosure Core of another detergent, detergent or cleaner component. Apart from the fact that the In this case too, production is only complicated, multi-level Procedure can be done, can be if only not work a solid core into the tablet serving a premature release the tablet should be initiated from the inside.

The invention had the object of providing detergent, detergent or detergent preparations are available in which volatile in addition to less volatile washing active, cleaning active or rinse active components can be assembled or mechanically unstable components can be incorporated without them - for example in compression to Formkör their integrity. The invention was further based on the object spatially separate detergent, detergent or detergent components from each other and still pack them in the same detergent, detergent or detergent portion, with the aim of a mass transfer or mutual interference, which may be associated with losses of activity, as low as possible. This would also have the advantage that the storage stability of detergent, cleaning agent or detergent preparations could be significantly increased and also the levels of active substance could be reduced in some cases, as in the prior art in their calculation due to an expected loss of activity individual Components always overdosing had to be provided.

Surprised it has now been found that one Detergent, detergent or detergent portions in dimensionally stable hollow body can fill with one or more separate compartment (s) and thus can provide dosages of the respective agents, the opposite compact moldings or sachets packed in sachets considerable technical application Have advantages.

• (a) wenigstens eine waschaktive, reinigungsaktive oder spülaktive Zubereitung;
• (b) wenigstens eine wenigstens eine Zubereitung nach (a) ganz oder teilweise umgebende Umfassung aus einem unter Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Spülbedingungen desintegrierbaren, dem/den Hohlkörper(n) Formstabilität verleihenden, nicht gepreßten Material; und
• (c) gegebenenfalls eine oder mehrere Einrichtungen) zum Kompartimentieren des/der formstabilen Hohlkörper(s).

The invention relates to a detergent, detergent or rinsing agent portion which is contained in one or more dimensionally stable hollow body (s) with at least one compartment and which comprises:

• (a) at least one detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation;
• (B) at least one at least one preparation according to (a) completely or partially surrounding enclosure of a disintegratable under washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions, the / the hollow body (s) dimensional stability-imparting, non-pressed material; and
• (c) optionally one or more devices) for compartmentalizing the dimensionally stable hollow body (s).

The Invention further relates to a method for producing a in one or more dimensionally stable hollow body (s) with at least one Compartment containing detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to the above and the following detailed description, that includes the steps that he produces one or more dimensionally stable hollow bodies in a manner known per se, wherein under pressing proceeding process for the preparation of the / Hollow body) are excluded, this (s) hollow body optionally with one or more devices) for compartmentalization of the dimensionally stable hollow body) and the compartment (s) with at least one washing-active, cleansing or rinsing active Preparation filled and optionally subsequently the dimensionally stable hollow body (s) forming a partial or complete enclosure around the detergent (s), cleaning-active or rinse-active (s) Preparations).

• – man eine Waschmittel-Portion nach der obigen und der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung in die Waschmaschine, insbesondere in deren Einspülkammer oder Waschtrommel, eingibt;
• – man die gewünschten Waschbedingungen einstellt; und
• – bei Eintreten dieser Bedingungen die waschaktive(n) Zubereitungen) der Waschmittel-Portion in die Waschflotte freigesetzt und diese mit dem zu waschenden Gut in Kontakt gebracht werden.

The invention also relates to a washing process, in particular to a method of machine washing in a commercial washing machine, comprising the steps of

• - Entering a detergent portion according to the above and the following detailed description in the washing machine, in particular in the Einspülkammer or wash drum;
• - Setting the desired washing conditions; and
• - Upon the occurrence of these conditions, the detergent-active (s) preparations of the detergent portion released into the wash liquor and these are brought into contact with the material to be washed.

• – man eine Reinigungsmittel-Portion nach der obigen und der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung in die Reinigungsflotte eingibt;
• – man die gewünschten Reinigungsbedingungen einstellt; und
• – bei Eintreten dieser Bedingungen die reinigungsaktive(n) Zubereitungen) der Reinigungsmittel-Portion in die Reinigungsflotte freigesetzt und diese mit dem zu reinigenden Gut in Kontakt gebracht werden.

The invention also relates to a cleaning method comprising the steps of

• - Entering a detergent portion according to the above and the following detailed description in the cleaning liquor;
• - Setting the desired cleaning conditions; and
• - When these conditions enter the cleaning-active (s) preparations of the detergent portion released into the cleaning liquor and these are brought into contact with the material to be cleaned.

• – man eine Spülmittel-Portion nach der obigen und der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung in die Geschirrspülmaschine, insbesondere in deren Einspülkammer oder in deren Spülraum eingibt;
• – man die gewünschten Spülbedingungen einstellt; und
• – bei Eintreten dieser Bedingungen die spülaktive(n) Zubereitungen) der Spülmittel-Portion in die Spülflotte freigesetzt und diese mit dem zu spülenden Gut in Kontakt gebracht werden.

The invention also relates to a rinsing method, in particular to a method of machine rinsing in a commercial dishwashing machine, comprising the steps of

• - Entering a detergent portion according to the above and the following detailed description in the dishwasher, in particular in the Einspülkammer or in the washing compartment;
• - Setting the desired rinsing conditions; and
• - Upon the occurrence of these conditions, the rinse-active (s) preparations of the detergent portion released into the rinsing liquor and these are brought into contact with the material to be rinsed.

In the context of the present invention, the term "detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion" is understood as meaning a quantity of a detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent which is sufficient for a washing, cleaning or rinsing process taking place in an aqueous phase. This can be, for example, a machine washing, cleaning or rinsing process, as is carried out with commercially available washing machines or dishwashers. Fiction However, according to this term is also understood (for example, in the hand basin or in a bowl performed) hand wash or hand-carried dishwashing or other process of washing or cleaning. According to the invention, the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions are preferably used in automatic washing, cleaning or rinsing operations.

Under the term "detergent" or detergent or detergent portion "is part of the present invention a subset of a detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion understood in any of other detergent or cleaning products or detergent partial portions separate phase in spatial Connection with other detergents or cleaning agents or Detergent part-portions same detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion is present, for example in a separate compartment in one dimensionally stable hollow body according to the invention, and by appropriate measures prepared so that they separate from other detergent or detergent or detergent portions same detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion into the fleet and possibly dissolved in it or can be suspended. In this case, a detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion the same ingredients as another detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion of the same Detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion included; However, preferably two detergents or cleaning agents contain or detergent partial portions same detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portion different ingredients, especially different washing active, detergent-active or rinse-active preparations.

Included in the invention the detergent or detergent or detergent portions measured amounts at least a detergent, detergent or rinse-active preparation, usually measured quantities of several washing active, cleaning active or dishwashing- Preparations. It is possible that the Servings only washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations of a particular composition. According to the invention is preferred it is, however, that several, usually at least two, washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active Preparations of different composition in the detergent or cleaning agent or detergent portions are included. The composition may be in terms of Concentration of the individual components of the washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Preparation (quantitative) and / or with regard to the individual Components of the washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparation (qualitatively) be different. Especially preferred is that the Components are adapted to the tasks in terms of concentration and concentration, the detergent or detergent or detergent partial portions in the washing, cleaning or rinsing process have to fulfill.

Under the term "washing-active or cleaning-active or rinse-active Preparation " in the context of the present invention, preparations of all conceivable, in connection with a washing or cleaning or rinsing process understood relevant substances. These are first and foremost actual detergent or detergent or detergent with their further explained in the course of the description of individual components. among them fall active ingredients such as surfactants (anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants), builders (inorganic and organic builders), Bleaching agents (such as peroxo bleach and chlorine bleach), Bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, special polymers (for example those with cobuilder properties), grayness inhibitors, Dyes and fragrances (perfumes) without the term being applied to these substance groups limited is.

It under the term "washing active or cleaning active or flushing active Preparations ", however also washing aids and cleaning aids or rinse aids Understood. examples for these are optical brighteners, UV protection substances, so-called Soil Repellents, So polymers that reshuffle fibers or hard surfaces (including Harness), as well as silver protectants, colorants and decolorizing agents. Also laundry treatment like softener or dishwashing additives such as Rinse aid According to the invention as a washing active or considered as active cleaning or as active detergent preparations.

According to the invention, the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions are contained in one or more dimensionally stable hollow body (s) with at least one compartment. The exact shape of the hollow body is just as critical in this context as its size; The only requirement in this regard is that shape and size are in accordance with the later use, ie use in a washing, cleaning or rinsing process, in particular in conventional washing machines or dishwashers. Conceivable hollow bodies in spherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, cuboid, trapezoidal, conical or pyramid or Trochoidform; cuboidal or trochoidal hollow body have inventively best proven and can therefore be used with advantage.

The Size of the hollow body is in preferred embodiments the invention such that the hollow body in the Einspülkammer a commercial one Washing machine or dishwasher, in in the wash running nets or sacks o. Ä. Entered can be. Particularly preferred embodiments the detergent composition according to the invention, Exceed detergent or detergent portions a length (longest Axis) of 10 cm not while the sizes of Width and height significantly lower, for example, 1 to 5 cm.

Under the term "more dimensionally stable Hollow body is understood according to the invention, that the containing the detergent, detergent or detergent portions moldings an inherent dimensional stability that empowers them under usual conditions production, storage, transport and handling by the consumer a stable against breakage and / or pressure, not coincidental Structure to have, even under the conditions mentioned for a long time not changed. It is according to the invention without influence, whether this structural stability from the due to various parameters mentioned below resulting properties of the dimensionally stable hollow body alone or (also) the presence of compartmentation devices and / or (also) from the filling with wash-active, cleaning active or rinse-active preparations results. In preferred embodiments The invention already has the dimensionally stable hollow body itself a sufficient inherent dimensional stability, since this is advantageous on the movement in machines in the production of the hollow body and the filling during the Preparation of the detergent composition according to the invention, Detergent or detergent portions effect.

The pressure resistance the dimensionally stable hollow body according to the invention becomes in the (usual) Way measured so that unfilled and if necessary provided with Kompartimentierungseinrichtungen hollow body with Foils or lids are closed and attached to these hollow bodies at room temperature an internally applied, steadily increasing vacuum is applied until the hollow body begins to collapse. The inherent dimensional stability of the hollow body should be particularly preferred so be that at such vacuum collapse tests unfilled and possibly with Compartmentalizing devices provided hollow body Do not collapse before reaching a vacuum of 900 mbar, preferably of 750 mbar and in particular of 500 mbar begins. In that respect differentiate the ones used in the invention hollow body fundamentally of films or so-called "pouches" as they are used to provide laundry detergents, Detergents or detergents also be used. These collapse already at one Pressure only slightly below the atmospheric pressure lies. In similar Way, however, the dimensionally stable hollow body according to the invention differ also from (later on moldings applied) coatings: The hollow body according to the invention provide an independent, self-supporting wrapping which, as a rule, are already filled before filling with one or more washing-active, dishwashing- or cleaning active component (s) exists and is then filled. In contrast, coatings on existing moldings (z. B. compacts, granules, Extrudates, etc.) are applied and then dried or cured; she only then form an envelope surrounding the molding.

According to the invention, it is particularly preferred if the walls of the hollow bodies used according to the invention continue to form a good diffusion barrier in the same way as the devices for compartmentalization which are to be explained in detail below, in particular for substances which are detrimentally active in washing, detergent or dishwashing active preparations, in particular gaseous substances and especially water vapor. A diffusion of water vapor should preferably be possible at most in an amount of 350 g / (m ² = 24 h), more preferably only in an amount in the range of at most 100 g / (m ² * 24 h), even more preferably in one Amount of a maximum of 50 g / (m ² * 24 h).

Embodiments of the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions in the dimensionally stable hollow bodies which are particularly preferred according to the invention also take account of the fact that the portions contained in the hollow bodies are of particular advantage-though not mandatory-at a certain point in time-preferably controllable-water solubility of the hollow body material the washing, cleaning or rinsing process or when a certain pH value or a certain ionic strength of the wash liquor or else due to other controllable events or conditions in the aqueous liquor can be fed. The quality of the material as well as its quantity / strength directly influence these solubility properties. Particular preference is given to materials for the hollow bodies, which-based on a certain wall thickness, which determines the stability-dissolve at certain temperatures, pH values, ionic strengths, or after a certain residence time in the aqueous liquor. In this case, such a release process can capture the hollow body as a whole or only a part thereof, so that parts of the hollow body solve when setting a certain parameter combination, while other parts are not yet (but later) or not at all. The latter can be done by different quality of the material as well as by different amounts of material (thickness of the wall) or different geometries of the hollow body can be achieved. For example, it is possible to impede the access of water by the hollow body geometry and thus delay the dissolution process. In another preferred embodiment, it is possible to make walls of the hollow body of different thicknesses (nevertheless of the same material) and thus to allow earlier dissolution at the thinner locations. In likewise preferred embodiments, the walls of the hollow body can be made of materials of different water solubility, for example of polyvinyl alcohols (PVAL) with different residual acetate content. This leads to the formation of perforated walls which allow ingress of water into the hollow body and / or leakage of the dissolved or undissolved ingredients from the hollow body.

Further Is it possible, that the Materials of the walls the dimensionally stable hollow body from a washing active, active cleaning or active ingredient exist for what PVAL as builder is an example, or contain such. In the latter case can for example washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active Active substances which are present only in small amounts in the preparations and their uniform incorporation Therefore, it is not unproblematic in the material of the wall of the hollow body or in a part of the material of the wall of the hollow body, for example one that is at the stage of washing, cleaning or rinse triggers, in just needed the active ingredient is, incorporated and when solving of the material of the wall at the right time released into the fleet become. An example of this like perfumes be in the final stage of washing or cleaning or flushing he wishes but also optical brighteners, UV protectants, dyes and other detergent-active, cleansing or rinse-active preparations.

The Basic principle of incorporation of such (usually in small quantities incorporated) components in the materials surrounding the enclosure the detergent, detergent or detergent portions form is the parallel pending Patent application 199 29 098.9 of the applicant with the title "active ingredient portion package" refer to their Revelation by reference in its entirety to the disclosure of is included in the present application.

In a particular embodiment the invention it is also possible that the Walls of dimensionally stable Hollow body containing the detergent, detergent or detergent portions from different materials, ie a heterogeneous structure to have. For example, in one the wall of the hollow body forming polymer material islands from a non-soluble in the polymer Foreign material be dispersed, for example from another Polymer (with different water solubility) or even from one completely other substance (for example, an inorganic or organic Substance). Examples of this are water-soluble Salts such as sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, Calcium carbonate, etc .; organic acids such as citric acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid, etc .; Sugars such as maltoses, dextrose, sorbitol, etc .; zeolites; silicates; crosslinked, for example, weakly crosslinked polymers such as Polyacrylates, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose. Such a structure may be in particularly preferred embodiments be associated with the advantage that the other substance dissolves faster in water as the polymer, which allows water to penetrate into the hollow body and thereby accelerated release wash-active, rinse-active or cleaning-active components of the portion contributes. All in all is also the entire dimensionally stable hollow body in such a packaging resolved faster as a shaped body from a pure polymer material. Similarly, it is possible the Walls of the hollow body form layers of two or more polymers, which in particularly preferred embodiments so chosen can be that you in terms of their properties (stability, heat resistance, water solubility, Gas barrier properties, etc.) optimally complete.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention a detergent, detergent or detergent portion a dimensionally stable hollow body from at least one washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparation completely or partially surrounding enclosure from under Washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions disintegratable, not pressed Material with at least one compartment, the compartment (s) one or more washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations).

In the embodiment mentioned, a hollow body comprises at least one compartment, ie a chamber, in its interior. Such a chamber or such a compartment is usually limited by walls (in only one compartment, these are the walls of the hollow body) limited space. Within the walls of the dimensionally stable hollow body according to the invention, however, several rooms may be located. These can be formed either by individual rooms being delimited by walls which in the context of the present invention are referred to as "Komparti and / or physically separate the same or different detergent, rinse or detergent components or formulations, or that different detergent-active, rinse-active or detergent-active components or compositions directly adjoin one another but do not mix with one another the compartment (s) of the adjoining components or compositions the compartmentalizing means The chamber or compartment is wholly or partly, advantageously wholly surrounded by the enclosure of a non-compressed material disintegratable under washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions, In the compartment or in the chamber, one or more detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations are contained In most embodiments of the invention, a co Advantageously, several washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations; However, the case of the presence of only one such preparation in a compartment or in a chamber is also conceivable.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the dimensionally stable hollow body in its interior several compartments or chambers, respectively one or more washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations). Examples of this are rectangular or trochoidförmige dimensionally stable hollow body, which have two, three or four or even more compartments, each one or more washing active, cleaning or dishwashing- Preparations). A big advantage of this embodiment of the Invention is that the various washing active, cleaning active or rinse active preparations can be distributed to the compartments, as it is for the special Requirements is best. So can components that are adversely affect each other in their effectiveness (For example, enzymes, alkali, bleach, etc.) or otherwise - for example due to the state of aggregation - with each other would mix (For example, solid and liquid Components), spatially be separated from each other. On the other hand, it is possible to optimally at different times of the washing, cleaning or flushing should be released into the respective fleet, spatially from each other separate and into the fleet at the optimal time give.

The Size and shape the individual compartments within a dimensionally stable hollow body is not critical and can largely address the needs of the individual case be turned off. So can for certain wash-active, cleansing or rinse-active preparations or Mixtures thereof, in larger quantities are present, larger compartments be provided as for Preparations that are present only in small quantities. In other, advantageously usable embodiments of Invention can Mixtures of certain preparations, which at the beginning of the washing cleaning or rinse and are present in specific quantities by others or in other quantities needed Components spatially be separated and arranged in compartments of other sizes.

In a particularly preferred embodiment one in a dimensionally stable hollow body with at least one, preferably several compartment (s) contained detergent, Detergent or detergent portion be two or more, one or more washing active, cleaning or dishwashing- Preparations) comprises of the hollow body, the enclosing each other are arranged. The compartments with the detergent active (s) or rinse-active Preparations) are therefore not arranged side by side or above / below one another in the hollow body, but enclosing each other, for example more or less concentric ("onion model") or more or less coaxial ("multilayer rod model") or such that the innermost compartment Completely surrounded by the next outer if necessary, this completely again from the following etc .. In such a case can the washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active substances on the Compartments should be distributed so that the in the washing, cleaning or rinsing process needed first Components in the outermost compartment The first of these is the access of water or liquor is suspended while (one) later needed Component (s) in (a) further compartment (s) is / are and prior to the entry of water through the next Outside Protected compartments is / are protected. In the context of this embodiment it is not necessary that the inside compartments are completely enclosed by the outer compartments are; a partial enclosure is also within the scope of the present invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a detergent, detergent or rinsing agent portion which comprises two or more dimensionally stable hollow bodies comprising at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation completely or partially surrounding one or more washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions of disintegratable, non-compressed materials) with at least one compartment each, said compartment (s) having one or more detergent-active, pure active or rinse-active preparations).

there can the size, shape and arrangements of the compartment (s) and the at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation likewise be designed as in the context of the embodiments described above, d. H. it can in a dimensionally stable hollow body one or more compartments of any shape and size with each one or more washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations) may be arranged. In the present case, however, there are several such dimensionally stable hollow body present together.

there It corresponds to a preferred embodiment, when the two or several dimensionally stable hollow body of several different materials or (possibly similar) Materials with different properties exist that - with special Advantage - under Washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions are disintegratable. Such materials of the hollow body or) include, but are not limited to one or more water-soluble) Polymer (s), preferably one or more materials from the group (optionally acetalated) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cellulose, and their derivatives and their Mixtures, more preferably (optionally acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL).

In Another, likewise preferred embodiment, it is advantageous according to the invention, if the dimensionally stable (s) hollow body one or more materials from the group acrylic acid-containing Polymers, polyacrylamides, oxazoline polymers, polystyrenesulfonates, Polyurethanes, polyesters and polyethers and mixtures thereof include / include.

• – Mischungen aus 50 bis 100 % Polyvinylalkohol oder Poly(vinylalkohol – co – vinylacetat) mit Molekulargewichten im Bereich von 10.000 bis 200.000 g/mol und Acetatgehalten von 0 bis 30 Mol-%; diese können Verarbeitungszusätze wie Weichmacher (Glycerin, Sorbit, Wasser, PEG usw.), Gleitmittel (Stearinsäure und andere Mono-, Di- und Tricarbonsäuren), sogenannte "Slipmittel" (z. B. "Aerosil"), organische und anorganische Pigmente, Salze, Blasformmittel (Citronensäure-Natriumbicarbonat-Mischungen) enthalten;
• – Acrylsäure-haltige Polymere, wie z. B. Copolymere, Terpolymere oder Tetrapolymere, die mindestens 20 % Acrylsäure enthalten und ein Molekulargewicht von 5.000 bis 500.000 g/mol besitzen; als Comonomere sind besonders bevorzugt Acrylsäureester wie Ethylacrylat, Methylacrylat, Hydroxyethylacrylat, Ethylhexylacrylat, Butylacrylat, und Salze der Acrylsäure wie Natriumacrylat, Methacrylsäure und deren Salze und deren Ester wie Methylmethacrylat, Ethylmethacrylat, Trimethylammoniummethylmethacrylatchlorid (TMAEMC), Methacrylatamidopropyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid (MAPTAC). Weitere Monomere wie Acrylamid, Styrol, Vinylacetat, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Vinylpyrrolidon sind ebenfalls mit Vorteil verwendbar;
• – Polyalkylenoxide, bevorzugt Polyethylenoxide mit Molekulargewichten von 600 bis 100.000 g/mol und deren durch Pfropfcopolymerisation mit Monomeren wie Vinylacetat, Acrylsäure und deren Salzen und deren Estern, Methacrylsäure und deren Salzen und deren Estern, Acrylamid, Styrol, Styrolsulfonat und Vinylpyrrolidon modifizierte Derivate (Beispiel: Poly-(ethylenglykol – graft – vinylacetat). Der Polyglykol-Anteil sollte 5 bis 100 Gew.-% betragen, der Pfropfanteil sollte 0 bis 95 Gew.-% betragen; letzterer kann aus einem oder aus mehreren Monomeren bestehen. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Pfropfanteil von 5 bis 70 Gew.-%; dabei sinkt die Wasserlöslichkeit mit dem Pfropfanteil;
• – Polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP) mit einem Molekulargewicht von 2.500 bis 750.000 g/mol;
• – Polyacrylamid mit einem Molekulargewicht von 5.000 bis 5.000.000 g/mol;
• – Polyethyloxazolin und Polymethyloxazolin mit einem Molekulargewicht von 5.000 bis 100.000 g/mol;
• – Polystyrolsulfonate und deren Copolymere mit Comonomeren wie Ethyl-(meth-)acrylat, Methyl(meth-)acrylat, Hydroxyethyl(meth-)acrylat, Ethylhexyl(meth-)acrylat, Butyl(meth-)acrylat und den Salzen der (Meth-) Acrylsäure wie Natrium(meth-)acrylat, Acrylamid, Styrol, Vinylacetat, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Vinylpyrrolidon; der Comonomer-Gehalt sollte 0 bis 80 Mol-% betragen, und das Molekulargewicht sollte im Bereich von 5.000 bis 500.000 g/mol liegen;
• – Polyurethane, insbesondere die Umsetzungsprodukte von Düsocyanaten (z. B. TMXDI) mit Polyalkylenglykolen, insbesondere Polyethylenglykolen des Molekulargewichts 200 bis 35.000, oder mit anderen difunktionellen Alkoholen zu Produkten mit Molekulargewichten von 2.000 bis 100.000 g/mol;
• – Polyester mit Molekulargewichten von 4.000 bis 100.000 g/mol, basierend auf Dicarbonsäuren (z. B. Terephthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Phthalsäure, Sulfoisophthalsäure, Oxalsäure, Bernsteinsäure, Sulfobernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Sebacinsäure usw.) und Diolen (z. B. Polyethylenglykole, beispielsweise mit Molekulargewichten von 200 bis 35.000 g/mol);
• – Celluloseether/ester, z. B. Celluloseacetate, Cellulosebutyrate, Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Methylhydroxypropylcellulose usw.;
• – Polyvinylmethylether mit Molekulargewichten von 5.000 bis 500.000 g/mol.

With particular advantage, one or more materials may be mentioned from the following illustrative, but non-limiting, list:

• Mixtures of 50 to 100% polyvinyl alcohol or poly (vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) having molecular weights in the range of 10,000 to 200,000 g / mol and acetate contents of 0 to 30 mol%; these may include processing additives such as plasticizers (glycerine, sorbitol, water, PEG, etc.), lubricants (stearic acid and other mono-, di- and tricarboxylic acids), so-called "slip agents" (eg "Aerosil"), organic and inorganic pigments, Salts, blowing agents (citric acid-sodium bicarbonate mixtures);
• - Acrylic acid-containing polymers, such as. Copolymers, terpolymers or tetrapolymers containing at least 20% of acrylic acid and having a molecular weight of from 5,000 to 500,000 g / mol; Particularly preferred comonomers are acrylic esters such as ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and salts of acrylic acid such as sodium acrylate, methacrylic acid and their salts and their esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, trimethylammonium methyl methacrylate chloride (TMAEMC), methacrylatamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC). Other monomers such as acrylamide, styrene, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, vinyl pyrrolidone are also useful with advantage;
• Polyalkylene oxides, preferably polyethylene oxides having molecular weights of 600 to 100,000 g / mol and their derivatives modified by graft copolymerization with monomers such as vinyl acetate, acrylic acid and their salts and their esters, methacrylic acid and its salts and their esters, acrylamide, styrene, styrenesulfonate and vinylpyrrolidone (Example The amount of polyglycol should be from 5 to 100% by weight, the amount of grafting should be from 0 to 95% by weight, the latter being composed of one or more monomers a graft content of 5 to 70 wt .-%, while the water solubility decreases with the grafting;
• Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) having a molecular weight of 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol;
• Polyacrylamide having a molecular weight of 5,000 to 5,000,000 g / mol;
• Polyethyloxazoline and polymethyloxazoline having a molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 g / mol;
• Polystyrenesulfonates and their copolymers with comonomers such as ethyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate and the salts of (meth) ) Acrylic acid such as sodium (meth) acrylate, acrylamide, styrene, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, vinylpyrrolidone; the comonomer content should be 0 to 80 mol%, and the molecular weight should be in the range of 5,000 to 500,000 g / mol;
• Polyurethanes, in particular the reaction products of diisocyanates (eg TMXDI) with polyalkylene glycols, in particular polyethylene glycols of molecular weight 200 to 35,000, or with other difunctional alcohols to give products having molecular weights of 2,000 to 100,000 g / mol;
• Polyesters having molecular weights of 4,000 to 100,000 g / mol, based on dicarboxylic acids (eg terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid etc.) and diols (eg polyethylene glycols , for example, with molecular weights of 200 to 35,000 g / mol);
• - Cellulose ethers / esters, z. B. cellulose acetates, Cellulose butyrate, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, etc .;
• - Polyvinyl methyl ether with molecular weights of 5,000 to 500,000 g / mol.

According to the invention the at least one washing active, rinse active or cleaning active Preparation of surrounding enclosure from a shape giving stability to the hollow body, not pressed Material. Under "not pressed "material is inventively a material understood that not - like in the prior art - by Pressing (for example) washing active, rinse active or cleaning active Components or preparations produced to obtain a compact into which then other washing active, rinse active or cleaning active Components or preparations are embedded, but by any other molding techniques, as detailed below explained become. Examples include deep drawing, casting, injection molding, sintering etc. called. For inorganic materials, also used can be can also pour a preferred method of preparation.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the two or more dimensionally stable hollow body of two or more consist of different materials, for example, from the enumerated above Materials chosen could be, however, may include other materials. With particular advantage can in the case of presence several dimensionally stable hollow body the Walls of this hollow body from two or more similar Materials, for example materials from the same monomer building blocks, However, materials with different properties exist. Examples of this can be similar Materials with different molecular weight (and thus different Solubility), PVAL materials with different degrees of acetalization (and thus different solubility or different solution temperature in water), materials with different amounts of grafted Co-monomers or the like be.

It corresponds to a further preferred embodiment that in the Case in which several dimensionally stable hollow body are present, this dimensionally stable hollow body have different geometric shape. This can be beneficial Way to different release behavior or different kinetics of release in the compartment (s) the hollow body contained detergent, detergent or detergent portion to lead.

Further preferred is an embodiment of the Detergent, Detergent or detergent portions, in which the two or more dimensionally stable hollow body one - particularly preferred, however not necessarily solvable - composite form. A composite of two or more dimensionally stable hollow bodies can be used with particular advantage if either detergent, Detergent or detergent portions of different composition should be dosed (eg, heavy duty detergent and colored laundry detergent; in the latter are, for example, bleaching Components not desired or not in the same concentration as in the former; the bleach-containing hollow body could then be removed by the user be when colorful laundry should be washed) or if - for example, for small amounts of laundry or dishes - only a partial dose of detergent contained in dimensionally stable hollow bodies or Detergent portion should be used. Particularly preferred such a composite could be by gluing, Melting, welding or stapling the dimensionally stable hollow body are made; one Mechanical clamping also allowed for easy release of the Network. In particularly preferred embodiments are such Composite hollow body in an aqueous environment again detachable, for example, by using a water-soluble adhesive; this could be ensured be that one used in automatic washing, cleaning or rinsing composite Completely disbanded and removed with the washing, cleaning or rinsing liquor from the machine becomes.

For the materials, which make up the devices for compartmentalisation the above information on the materials of the dimensionally stable hollow body accordingly. With regard to a reliable and ease of fabrication in a preferred embodiment the invention, the compartmentalization facilities within the dimensionally stable hollow body from the same materials as the hollow body itself. This allows the one-piece Production in one process step and makes the production process especially economical.

Basically but it is also possible the materials of the devices for compartmentalizing regardless of to select the materials of dimensionally stable hollow body. This has the advantage that special Property requirements, such as water solubility, the compartmentalization facilities Account can be taken.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compartmentalizing means is one (or more) an activity reduction of at least one component of a detergent-active, detergent-active or rinse-active preparation inhibiting device (s). examples for this are all the cases in which components of washing-active, cleaning-active or dishwashing preparations are spatially separated taking into account a mutual impairment of their activity. The compartmentalizing devices should then have properties that meet these requirements, for example, be substantially impervious to water vapor to keep bleach free of moisture, or should be acid or alkali free to protect enzymes from premature decomposition. Such inhibition of activity reduction not only directly contributes to a better activity of the particular protected component, but also allows to reduce the amounts of such components, since an excess is no longer required in anticipation of the otherwise usual loss of activity.

In other particularly according to the invention preferred embodiments is / are the compartmentalization facilities) (one) the quality and / or quantity the release of components of a washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active Preparation determining device (s). It can, in cases, in the compartmentalizing devices have such a function have, advantageously, either components of the detergent, cleansing or rinsing active Preparations at different times of the washing, cleaning and or rinsing process into the fleet (qualitative control), or it can different amounts of certain (qualitatively identical) preparations into the fleet (quantitative control).

in the the former case, a dimensionally stable hollow body, for example, several Compartments on whose walls a different solubility (resp. Temperature of dissolution) in water or in the fleet. Contain the compartments (washing, cleaning, rinsing) active components for the first, second and possibly further (washing, cleaning, rinsing) sunsets, which have different compositions and apply them different times or at different temperatures the washing, cleaning or rinsing process free.

in the the second exemplary case, the dimensionally stable hollow body - only, for example - walls and Have compartmentalizing facilities, in the materials are incorporated, which at different temperatures or solve under different other constraints. For example form in the compartment walls first little holes, the one only weak mass transfer between individual compartments and the outside environment permit and thus only small amounts of a washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Release into the fleet; under others, later settable Conditions become the holes or enlarged pores because themselves soluble in other conditions Loosen wall components; larger holes allow larger amounts of material between the interior of the compartment (s) and the outside environment (ie the fleet) and thus the desired higher Concentrations of the washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparation in the fleet.

• – die Zeit, d. h. der Ablauf einer bestimmten Zeit, in der die Wände der formstabilen Hohlkörper und/oder die Kompartimentierungs-Einrichtungen mit einem bestimmten Medium, beispielsweise mit einer wäßrigen Flotte, in Kontakt stehen, wobei eine zuverlässige Zeitsteuerung eine lineare Lösungskinetik voraussetzt;
• – die Temperatur, d. h. das Erreichen eines bestimmten Temperaturwertes im Verlauf des Temperaturprofils des Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Spülvorgangs; die Steuerung über die Temperatur stellt insbesondere bei Geschirrspülmitteln wegen der mit jeder Stufe des Spülvorgangs steigenden Temperatur eine zuverlässige und damit bevorzugte Ausführungsform dar;
• – der pH-Wert, d. h. die Einstellung eines bestimmten pH-Wertes im Verlauf eines Wasch-, Reinigungs- oder Spülvorgangs durch Komponenten der waschaktiven, reinigungsaktiven oder spülaktiven Zubereitung oder das Verlassen eines bestimmten pH-Wertes nach Zerfall einer den pH-Wert beeinflussenden oder bestimmenden Komponente;
• – die Ionenstärke;
• – die mechanische Stabilität, welche – in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit, von der Temperatur oder von anderen Parametern – ein die Desintegration bestimmender Faktor sein kann;
• – die Permeabilität für eine bestimmte – vornehmlich gasförmige oder flüssige – Komponente; usw..

Possible "switches" of the release of the components by the compatibilizers are, in particularly preferred embodiments, physicochemical parameters which bring about the disintegration of the compartmentalizing devices and / or the walls of the dimensionally stable hollow bodies. Examples thereof, which should not be construed as limiting, are

• - The time, ie the passage of a certain time in which the walls of the dimensionally stable hollow body and / or the compartmentalization devices with a certain medium, for example, with an aqueous liquor, in contact, with a reliable timing requires a linear solution kinetics;
• - The temperature, ie the achievement of a certain temperature value in the course of the temperature profile of the washing, cleaning or rinsing process; the control over the temperature represents a reliable and therefore preferred embodiment, in particular for dishwashing detergents, because of the rising temperature with each stage of the flushing process;
• The pH, ie the setting of a specific pH in the course of a washing, cleaning or rinsing process by components of the detergent, detergent or rinse-active preparation or leaving a certain pH after decomposition of a pH or pH value determining component;
• - the ionic strength;
• Mechanical stability, which may be a factor determining disintegration, depending on time, temperature or other parameters;
• The permeability for a particular component, mainly gaseous or liquid; etc..

The The above parameters are only examples of the invention do not limit should.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the compartmentalizing means is (are) the activity of at least one component of a washing-active cleaning agent active or dishwashing preparation controlling device (s). This embodiment is particularly useful in cases where it is necessary that the release of one or more active ingredients is a washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation with a given kinetics in the washing, cleaning or rinsing liquor. A particular example is a so-called "controlled release" release, which can be controlled according to the parameters given above on the properties of the wall of the dimensionally stable hollow body and / or the Kompartimentierungsseinrichtungen. In this way, a destructive effect of the liquor or alone of the water on the active substance can be reduced and the substance can be actively released into the liquor for a longer time.

It corresponds to a further preferred embodiment of the invention that one or several compartmentalizing facilities) a part or the total at least one component of at least one washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Preparation contains / contains. With This can be achieved with particular advantage in that one or several component (s) of at least one washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active Preparation in the material of the compartmenting device is / are incorporated. Examples of such substances were already above in connection with the stable hollow body forming / Called material and include (but are not limited to) Components which are present in relatively small amounts in the detergent, cleaning or detergent portions contained and therefore relatively poorly in large mass approaches washing-active, cleaning-active or flushing active Prepare preparations. A very simple training succeed in the materials of the compartmentalization facilities, and from these also a reliable, controllable release succeeds during the washing, cleaning or rinsing process. By suitable Choice of materials can also be the release with "controlled release" -Kinetik done.

A further, also preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that one or multiple compartmentalizing devices) in part or in whole from at least one component of at least one washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Preparation consist. This is preferred because it means that Compartmentalizing means not just one of the kinetics of release influencing or even controlling component of the detergent, Detergent or detergent portion according to the invention but at the same time as a component of success the washing, cleaning or rinsing process is involved. Because of the big one Selection of available There are stationary materials for this embodiment numerous examples; particularly preferred are compartmentalizing devices, made of (meth) acrylic acid and their derivatives (salts, esters) comprising polymers or include these.

Corresponding a further preferred embodiment the invention consists / consist of the compartmentalizing devices) from an interface between two adjoining components of a washing-active, cleansing or rinsing active Preparation or an interface between two adjoining washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations. This may be in preferred embodiments of the invention For example, be the case when washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active preparations by means of appropriate measures, for example, by coextruding, press molding or rolling several Components are formed into structures whose components solidified interfaces to have neighboring components. In these cases, activity-reducing or otherwise adverse effects of the washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Preparations are minimized or even excluded. There is the possibility that either individual Components of a washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparation combined to form adjacent interfaces or that washing-active, cleansing or flushing active Preparations which are mixtures of several components, with formation of interfaces to be united. Both can be dimensionally stable within the scope of the invention hollow body to detergent, detergent or detergent portions with especially lead to advantageous properties, by way of example with good dissolving kinetics the Components in the aqueous liquors.

A further preferred embodiment of the invention consists in a detergent, detergent or rinsing agent portion contained in one or more dimensionally stable hollow body (s) with at least one compartment, in which the dimensionally stable hollow body consists of a non-spherical hollow body having n limiting surfaces, of which a surface assumes the function of a "lid", the conclusion of a process for producing the detergent, detergent or detergent portions according to the invention, ie after filling the / the compartments (s) inside the hollow body with one or a plurality of detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation (s) is applied while closing the hollow body. The "lid" is particularly preferably made of a material with controllable water solubility and can with the remaining hollow body with bonding, for example with a water-soluble adhesive, fusing, Verschwei Shen or another known method for joining materials known per se. This embodiment is particularly advantageous for producing the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions according to the invention, since a stepwise filling of the compartment (s) with one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinsing-active preparations is possible and the handling for later use leads to optimum results leads, in particular to a reliable control of the access of water or aqueous liquor to the interior of the dimensionally stable hollow body or the outlet of washing active, cleaning active or flushing preparation from the interior of the hollow body.

The Detergent, Detergents or detergent portions contain one or more substances from the group of surfactants, surfactant compounds, Builders, Bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, foam inhibitors, colorants and fragrances as well as - in in the event that the Detergent or cleaning agent portions are present at least in part as moldings - binders and disintegration aids. These classes of substances are described below.

to Unfolding the washing performance can the washing and detergent portions of surfactants from the group anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic Surfactants containing anionic surfactants for economic reasons and due their range of services are clearly preferred.

As anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate type and sulfates are used. Suitable surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-3 -alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as, for example, from C _12-18 -monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating obtained with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the sulfonation products. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise suitable are the esters of 2-sulfofatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the 2-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.

Further Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Among fatty acid glycerol esters are the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures to understand as in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol to be obtained. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are included the sulphonated products of saturated Fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example the caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.

Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which contain a synthetic, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. In addition, 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ^®, are suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C _7-21 -alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11- alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 . Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Due to their high foaming behavior, they are only used in detergents in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of from 1 to 5% by weight.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters, and the monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves constitute nonionic surfactants (see description below). Sulfosuccinates, whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

When other anionic surfactants are especially soaps into consideration. Suitable are saturated Fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The including anionic surfactants the soaps can in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts organic bases, such as mono-, di- or Triethanolamine. Preferably, the anionic surfactants are in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of Sodium salts. In a further embodiment of the invention Surfactants used in the form of their magnesium salts.

in the Within the scope of the present invention, detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions preferably, the 5 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 7.5 to 40 wt .-% and in particular 15 to 25% by weight of one or more anionic surfactant (s), each based on the detergent, detergent or detergent portion.

When selecting the anionic surfactants that are used in the detergent, cleaner and rinse portions according to the invention, the freedom from formulation no restrictions to be met in the way. However, preferred detergent, detergent or rinse agent portions according to the invention have a soap content which exceeds 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the detergent, detergent or rinse portion. Preferred anionic surfactants to be used are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, with preferred detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions containing 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (e), in each case based on the weight of detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion containing As nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 mol Ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol used, in which the alcohol radical may be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, and mixtures of C _12-14 -alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical means which, for a particular product, may be an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

A another class of preferred nonionic surfactants, the either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester, as described, for example, in Japanese Patent Application JP 58/217598 are described or preferably after that in the international Patent application WO-A-90/13533 become.

Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used to advantage are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG). Usable alkylpolyglycosides satisfy the general formula RO (G) _z , in which R is a linear or branched, in particular in the 2-position methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the Is a symbol which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.

Prefers used are linear alkyl polyglucosides, ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical n-alkyl radical.

The Detergent, Detergent or detergent portions can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, wherein contents of the washing and detergent portions of APG greater than 0.2% by weight, based on the entire preparation are preferred. Particularly preferred detergent, Detergent or detergent portions contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of 0.2 to 5 wt .-% and in particular in amounts of 0.5 to 3 wt .-%.

Also, nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallowalkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylami oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamide may be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half thereof.

in der RCO für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I)

wherein RCO is an aliphatic acyl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R² für einen linearen, verzweigten oder cyclischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C_1-4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest steht, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propxylierte Derivate dieses Restes.The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)

in the R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably by reductive amination of a reduced sugar obtained, for example, glucose, fructose; Maltose, lactose, galactose, Mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy-substituted Connections can then for example, according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331 by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxyfatty acid amides are transferred.

Farther It may be preferred, in addition to anionic and nonionic surfactants also to use cationic surfactants. Their use is preferred as a washing power booster, with only small amounts of cationic Surfactants are required. If cationic surfactants are used, so they are preferred in the compositions in amounts of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular from 0.1 to 3.0 wt .-%.

In the cases in which it is the inventive detergent, cleaning or Detergent portions detergents are usually one or more Surfactants) in total amounts of from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably in amounts from 10 to 35 wt .-%, wherein in partial portions of the detergent portions of the invention Surfactants in larger or may be included in a smaller amount. In other words: The amount of surfactant does not have to be in all partial portions be equal; rather, you can Partial portions with relatively larger and Partial portions are provided with relatively smaller surfactant content.

In the cases in which it is the inventive detergent, cleaning or Detergent portions is detergent, especially dishwashing detergent, usually contain these one or more surfactants) in total amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably in amounts of 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, wherein in partial portions of the detergent of the invention or detergent portions Surfactants in larger or may be included in a smaller amount. In other words: The amount of surfactant must also in cleaning or dishwashing detergents not be the same in all portions; rather, partial portions with relatively larger and Partial portions are provided with relatively smaller surfactant content.

Next Builders are the most important ingredients in the wash-active substances of detergents and cleaners. In the inventive detergent, Detergent or detergent portions can usually builders used in detergents, cleaners or dishwashing detergents be contained, in particular zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and - where no ecological Prejudices against their use exist - even the phosphates.

Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are. Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European Patent Application EP-AO 164 514. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M stands for sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred, whereby β-sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the process described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous". This means that in X-ray diffraction experiments, the silicates do not give sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances but at best one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray-amorphous silicates, which likewise have a dissolution delay compared with the conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Especially preferred are densified / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.

A fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite optionally used is preferably zeolite A and / or P. Zeolite MAP (eg, commercial product: Doucil A24 from Crosfield) is particularly preferred as the P-type zeolite. Also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P. Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is sold by the company CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX ^® and by the formula nNa ₂ O · (1 - n) K ₂ O · Al ₂ O ₃ · (2 - 2.5) SiO ₂ · (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Of course it is in detergents also a use of the well-known phosphates as builder substances possible, unless such use is avoided for environmental reasons should be. Particularly suitable are the sodium salts of orthophosphates, the pyrophosphates and in particular the tripolyphosphates.

useful organic builders are for example, usable in the form of their sodium salts polycarboxylic acids, wherein under polycarboxylic acids such carboxylic acids be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example these are citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), provided their use of ecological establish not to complain about, as well as mixtures of these. preferred Salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and Mixtures of these. The acids themselves can also be used become. The acids In addition to their builder effect, they also typically have the property an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a lower and milder pH of washing and cleaning agent portions according to the invention. Especially are in this context, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and to name any mixtures of these.

When Builders are further suitable polymeric polycarboxylates. these are for example, the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example, those having a molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.

In the context of the present invention, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrene acids are generally much higher than those within the scope of the present invention Invention specified molecular weights.

suitable Polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight from 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility can from this group, in turn, the short-chain polyacrylates are preferred be, the molecular weights of 2,000 to 10,000 g / mol, more preferably from 3,000 to 5,000 g / mol.

Suitable are furthermore copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid or the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Particularly suitable are copolymers of acrylic acid with Proved maleic acid, the 50 to 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid contain. Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

The (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can either used as a powder or as an aqueous solution become. The content of the washing or cleaning agent portions according to the invention of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates is preferably from 0.5 to 20 Wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-%.

to Improvement of water solubility can the polymers also include allylsulfonic acids, as for example in EP-B 0 727 448, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid as Contain monomer. In particular, biodegradable is also preferred Polymers of more than two different monomer units, for example those described in DE-A 43 00 772 as monomers salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and Vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C 42 21 381 as monomers Salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallyl sulfonic acid as well Contain sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those described in German patent applications DE-A 43 03 320 and DE-A 44 17 734 are described and as monomers preferably acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

As well are as further preferred builders polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids, their salts or their precursors to call. Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their Salts and derivatives, of which in the German patent application DE-A 195 40 086 discloses that they in addition to co-builder properties also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.

Further Suitable builders are polyacetals, which by reaction of dialdehydes can be obtained with Polyolcarbonsäuren, the 5 have up to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups, for example, as described in European Patent Application EP-A 0 280 223. Preferred polyacetals are prepared from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, Glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and mixtures thereof and from Polyolcarbonsäuren such gluconic and / or glucoheptonic acid receive.

Further suitable organic builders are dextrins, for example Oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates by partial Hydrolysis of starches can be obtained. The Hydrolysis can be carried out according to usual, for example acidic or enzyme-catalyzed processes. Preferably they are hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range of 400 to 500,000 g / mol. This is a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range of 0.5 to 40, especially from 2 to 30, preferably, wherein DE a common one Measure of the reducing Effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose is which a DE of 100 owns. Useful are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrup with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher Molar masses in the range of 2,000 to 30,000 g / mol. A preferred dextrin is described in British Patent Application 94 19 091.

The oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function. Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are. in particular from the European patent applications EP-A 0 232 202, EP-A 0 427 349, EP-A 0 472 042 and EP-A 0 542 496 as well as from the international patent applications WO 92/18542, WO 93/08251, WO 93 / 16110, WO 94/28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608. Also suitable is an oxidized oligosaccharide according to the German patent application DE-A 196 00 018. A product oxidized to C _{6 of} the saccharide ring may be particularly advantageous.

Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably ethylenediamine disuccinate, are also suitable co-builders. In this case, ethylenediamine-N, N-disuccinate (EDDS), the synthesis of which is described, for example, in the document US Pat. No. 3,158,615, preferably in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts. Also preferred in this context are glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates, as described, for example, in US Pat US-A 4,524,009 and US-A 4,639,325, in European Patent Application EP-A 0 150 930 and Japanese Patent Application JP-A 93 / 339,896. Suitable amounts are in zeolithhaltigen and / or silicate-containing formulations at 3 to 15 wt .-%.

Further useful organic co-builders are, for example, acetylated Hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may also be present in lactone form can and which at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxy group and a maximum of two acid groups contain. Such co-builders are used, for example, in the international Patent application WO 95/20029 described.

A another class of substances with co-builder properties are the Phosphonates. These are in particular hydroxyalkane or Aminoalkanephosphonates. Among the hydroalkane phosphonates is the 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) of particular importance as a co-builder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, wherein the disodium salt is neutral and the tetrasodium salt is alkaline (pH = 9) reacts. Ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonates are preferably used as aminoalkane phosphonates (EDTMP), Diethylentriaminpentamethylenphosphonat (DTPMP) and their higher Homologous in question. They are preferably in the form of the neutral-reacting Sodium salts, e.g. as the hexasodium salt of EDTMP or hepta- and octasodium salt of DTPMP. As a builder will be there from the class of phosphonates preferred HEDP used. The aminoalkane phosphonates also have a pronounced Heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, in particular if the washing or detergent portions also contain bleach, preferably be to use Aminoalkanphosphonate, in particular DTPMP, or Use mixtures of the above phosphonates.

Furthermore can all compounds that are capable of complexes with alkaline earth metal ions to be used as a co-builder.

Next the constituents surfactant and builder mentioned can be used as detergents according to the invention, Detergent or detergent other ingredients commonly used in washing, cleaning or rinsing agents from the Group of bleaching agents, bleach activators, alkalizing agents, Acidifiers, enzymes, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescers, dyes, Foam inhibitors, silicone oils, Anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, Color transfer inhibitors, Decolorizer and stain, contain antibacterial substances and corrosion inhibitors.

Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Other useful bleaching agents are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H ₂ O ₂ -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid. When cleaning or bleaching preparations for automatic dishwashing are prepared, it is also possible to use bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents. Typical organic bleaches are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-α-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate; (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ε-phthalimidoperoxy-caproic acid [phthaloiminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido-peroxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonylamidoperoperuccinate; and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocysebacic acid, diperoxybrassylic acid, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronic acid ) can be used.

When Bleaching agents in automatic dishwashing compositions may also be used Chlorine or bromine releasing substances are used. Under the appropriate chlorine or bromine releasing materials come for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or Dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium into consideration. Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin are also suitable.

In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect during washing, cleaning or rinsing at temperatures of 60 ° C. and below, bleach activators can be incorporated into the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions. As bleach activators, it is possible to use compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of said C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N- Acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy- 2,5-dihydrofuran.

In addition to The conventional bleach activators or in their place may also so-called bleach catalysts into the detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portions are incorporated. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes are useful as bleach catalysts.

When Enzymes come from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, Cellulases or mixtures thereof in question. Particularly well suited from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus derived enzymatic agents. Preferably, proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases derived from Bacillus lentus are used. These are enzyme mixtures, for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from Protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, but especially cellulase-containing mixtures of particular Interest. Peroxidases or oxidases have also been found in some make proved to be suitable. The enzymes can be adsorbed to carriers and / or in encasing substances be embedded to protect them against premature decomposition. Of the Proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the compositions according to the invention may, for example, about 0.1 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to about 2 wt .-% amount.

enzymes are added according to the prior art primarily to a detergent preparation, especially added to a dishwashing detergent, that for the main rinse is determined. The disadvantage was that the optimum effect used Enzymes limited the temperature choice and also problems with the stability the enzymes occurred in a strongly alkaline environment. With the washing or detergent portions it is possible to separate enzymes into a separate one Introduce compartment and then in the pre-wash to use and thus the pre-wash cycle additionally to the main rinse for one Enzyme effect on soiling of the dishes to use.

Particularly according to the invention So, the preferred one is for the prewash cycle provided washing active preparation or partial portion of a cleaning agent or detergent portion to add enzymes and such a preparation then - more preferably - with a even at low temperature water-soluble material of a dimensionally stable hollow body to include, for example, the enzyme-containing preparation to protect against loss of effect due to environmental conditions. The Enzymes are more preferred for the use under the conditions of the pre-wash, so for example in cold water, optimized.

Advantageous can the detergent portions of the invention be when the enzyme preparations are liquid, as partially present in the Trade are offered because then expects a quick effect that can already be found in (relatively short and in cold water carried out) prewash occurs. Even if - as usual - the enzymes be used in solid form and this with a hollow body enclosure of a water-soluble Provided with material which is already soluble in cold water, can the enzymes already before the main wash or Hauptreinigungsgang their Unfold their effect. Advantage of using an enclosure of water-soluble Material, in particular of cold water-soluble material is that the enzyme / Enzymes in cold water quickly dissolve after dissolving the enclosure Effect comes / come. Thus, their duration of action can be extended, which the washing or rinsing result benefits.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions according to the invention also contain further additives known from the state of the art as additives for detergent preparations. These can either one or more, if necessary, all portions (washing active, cleaning active or rinsing active preparations) of detergent, detergent or detergent portions of the invention are added or - as in the co-pending patent application no. 199 29 098.9 with the Title "active ingredient portion pack" described - in the water-soluble, the washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active preparations comprising materials of dimensionally stable hollow body, so for example in the / the water-soluble wall material (s) a to be worked.

A preferred group used in the invention Additives are optical brighteners. Can be used here the usual in detergents optical brightener. These are used as an aqueous solution or as a solution in an organic solvent the polymer solution added, which converted into the wall of the dimensionally stable hollow body is or will be part of a portion (washing active preparation) a washing or cleaning agent in solid or liquid form added. examples for optical brighteners are derivatives of diaminostilbene disulfonic acid or their alkali metal salts. Suitable z. B. salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholinol, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or similarly constructed compounds which instead of the morpholino group a Diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group wear. Furthermore you can Brightener of the type of substituted Diphenylstyryle in the partial portions (washing active preparations) of the washing or cleaning agent portions according to the invention be included, for. For example, the alkali salts of 4,4-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) 4- (2-sulfostyryl) ) biphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brightener can be used.

Another group of additives which is preferred according to the invention are UV protection substances. These are substances that are released during the washing process or in the subsequent fabric softening process in the wash liquor and that accumulate accumulatively on the fiber, in order then to achieve a UV protection effect. Suitable are the products marketed under the name Tinosorb ^R Ciba Specialty Chemicals.

Further conceivable and in special embodiments preferred additives are surfactants, in particular the solubility the water-soluble wall the dimensionally stable hollow body or the compartmentalization facility, but also control their wettability and foaming on dissolution can, as well as foam inhibitors, but also bitter substances, which are an accidental Ingestion of such hollow body or Parts of such hollow bodies can prevent by children.

A further group preferred according to the invention of additives are dyes, in particular water-soluble or water-dispersible dyes. Dyes are preferred here, how to improve the visual appearance of the product in detergents and detergents and detergents usually be used. The selection of such dyes prepares the Expert no difficulties, especially since such conventional dyes a high storage stability and insensitivity to the rest Ingredients of the washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations and against light and no pronounced substantivity to textile fibers have to not stain them. The dyes are inventively in the detergent or Detergent or detergent portions in amounts of less than 0.01 wt .-% present.

A Another class of additives according to the invention the detergent, cleaning or Detergent portions can be added are polymers. Among these polymers come to a polymer which exhibits co-builder properties during washing or cleaning or rinsing, so for example polyacrylic acids, also modified polyacrylic acids or corresponding copolymers. Another group of polymers are polyvinylpyrrolidone and other grayness inhibitors, such as Copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose ethers and the like. According to another embodiment As polymers also so-called Soil Repellents come in question, as they are known to the detergent and cleaner specialist and described in detail below.

A Another group of additives are bleach catalysts, in particular Bleach catalysts for automatic dishwashing detergent or detergent. Here are used complexes of manganese and of cobalt, especially with nitrogen-containing ligands.

A are further preferred for the purposes of the invention group of additives Silver protectants. This is a variety of mostly cyclic organic compounds, which are also addressed here Specialist familiar and contribute to the tarnishing of silver-containing objects Cleaning process to prevent. Specific examples may include triazoles, benzotriazoles and their complexes with metals such as Mn, Co, Zn, Fe, Mo, W or Cu.

As further additives according to the invention, the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions may also contain so-called soil repellents, ie polymers which are applied to fibers or hard surfaces (for example on porcelain and glass), the oil and grease wash-off properties of textiles and grease washability of porcelain and glass have a positive effect and thus specifically counteract re-soiling. This effect is particularly evident when a textile or a hard object (porcelain, glass) is contaminated, the / previously several times with a novel Washing or cleaning agent containing this oil and fat dissolving component was washed. Examples of preferred oil and fat dissolving components include nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a methoxy group content of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxy groups of 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic Cellulose ethers, as well as known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionic modified derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic and terephthalic acid polymers.

All these additives are the detergent, cleaner or detergent portions of the invention in quantities up to at most 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 20 wt .-%, added. As already said, the additive may also be a material of a water-soluble Surrounding the dimensionally stable hollow body or to a material of the water-soluble compartmentation devices) that the one or more of the active washing (s), cleaning active (s) or rinse-active (s) Preparations) or in the Kormpartiment (s). To balance the It is therefore possible for a person skilled in the art to obtain the recipe Polymer material for the wall of the hollow body or for the compartmenting device (s) either in its weight in order to exploit the depot effect achieved according to the invention, or else the said additives additionally at least partly to keep in the remaining detergent preparation. This is however less preferred.

fragrances be the detergent of the invention, Detergent or detergent portions added to the aesthetic Overall impression of the products to improve and the consumer next the technical performance (fabric softening result) is a sensory typical and to provide distinctive product. As perfume oils or Fragrances can individual perfume compounds are used, for example the synthetic products of the ester type, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Alcohols and hydrocarbons. Fragrance compounds of the type the esters are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-t-butylcyclohexyl acetate, Linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethylacetate, Linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methyl phenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, Styrallyl propionate and Benzylsalicylate. For example, the ethers include Benzyl. The aldehydes include, for. B. linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, Citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, Lileal and Bourgeonal.

To count the ketones the ionones, α-isomethylionone, and methyl cedryl ketone. The alcohols include anethole, citronellol, Eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol. To counting the hydrocarbons mainly Terpenes like limes and pinas. Preferably, mixtures are different Used fragrances that are coordinated so that they work together create an appealing scent. Such perfume oils can also be natural perfume mixtures contained, as they are accessible from plant sources. examples are Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are nutmeg oil, Sage oil, Chamomile oil, Clove oil, Melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well Orange blossom oil, neroliol, Orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.

Usually the content of fragrances is in the range of up to 2% by weight of the total Detergent, detergent or detergent portion.

The Fragrances can directly into the detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active (s) Preparations) are incorporated; but it can also be beneficial be the fragrances on carrier to increase the adhesion of the perfume on the linen and through a slower release of fragrance for long-lasting scent of Provide textiles. As such carrier materials For example, cyclodextrins have been proven. The can Cyclodextrin perfume complexes additionally be coated with other excipients.

The perfumes and fragrances can in principle be contained in each of the partial portions (washing-active or cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations) of the detergent, cleaning agent or rinsing agent portions according to the invention. However, it is particularly preferred that they are in a detergent in a provided for the post-wash cycle or fabric conditioning portion detergent portion or in a detergent, especially in a dishwashing detergent in a provided for the rinse or rinse cycle part-detergent portion, special partial-detergent portion, are included. They must therefore, according to the invention, be water-soluble only in the conditions (in particular at the temperature) of the post-washing cycle or rinsing-off water-insoluble material of the dimensionally stable hollow body or the compartmenting devices under the conditions (in particular at the temperature) of the preceding washes or rinses. to be inclusive. According to the invention this is for example with a plurality of compartments in a dimensionally stable hollow body comprehensive detergent, Reinigungsmittel- or rinsing medium portion feasible.

The Detergent, Detergent or detergent packages contained in a dimensionally stable hollow body with at least one compartment one or more washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations in such quantities that they are suitable for use in washing, cleaning or washing flushing suffice.

Of course it is a dosage of two units (hollow body) under special conditions (heavily soiled, eg heavily greasy laundry, strong harnessed dishes) possible.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention one in one or more dimensionally stable hollow body (s) with at least one Compartment containing detergent, detergent or detergent portion the at least one, preferably the several, wash-active, cleaning-active (s) or rinse-active (s) Preparations) in one or more forms from the group of powders, granules, Extrudates, pellets, beads, tablets, tabs, rings, blocks, briquettes, Solutions, Melts, gels, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, foams and Gases. The shape of one or more compartments of the dimensionally stable hollow body contained washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparation is therefore no limit, as long as the hollow body in to use the intended way. It is considered essential Consider advantage of the invention that the first time the use of fluid phases in detergent, detergent or detergent portions is possible and one for the administration of such fluid phases suitable detergent, cleaning agent or detergent portion provided. So can in the compartments of a hollow body liquids, gels, gases or foams alone or together with solid components in one or more Compartments sealed and in use with the ones to be washed, to be cleaned or rinsed objects be brought into contact. This is a new freedom of confection of detergents, cleaning agents or detergents.

With the detergent, cleaner or detergent portions according to the invention be solved in an advantageous manner, the tasks. Let it be incompatible wash-active, cleansing or rinse-active preparations or their components spatially disconnect and can due to the lack of a common contact surface no reactions with each other in particular, none of the activity of the particular preparation impairing Reaction. This leads - in particular at elevated Drug concentrations - to one increased storage stability the detergent, detergent or detergent portions, to a improved wash performance due to lack of activity loss and to the saving of active substance, since the earlier due to the expected loss of activity excess of active substance to be used in the detergent, detergent or detergent portions according to the invention can be omitted. Next open to the expert for the combination previously considered incompatible respected substances in detergents, cleaners or dishwashing detergents new recipe options. It can be due to the spatial Separation of the individual components the technological functions of the Independent components optimize each other without the influence of Components to fear each other are.

Also for the Users have clear advantages. The in the hollow bodies with Detergent, Reinigungsmittek- or detergent portions contained in one or more compartments promise a consistent and pre-assembled dosage with all for the entire washing, cleaning or rinsing required or desired Components. Dosing does not occur during dosing, still have to a spill of product, contact with active substances or accidents due to to be feared ingesting active substances. The dosage takes place in one step, and the solubility of the enclosure or of the hollow body material to release the ingredients is reliable according to predetermined or predetermined kinetics, so that the washing, cleaning or rinsing results significantly improve compared with powdered or compressed molded articles thereof Composition without compartmentalized separation of the components.

Claims (17)

Detergent, detergent or detergent portion, full (a) at least two detergent-active, cleaning-active or dishwashing- preparations; (b) at least one of the at least two preparations after (a) enclosing all or part of an enclosure Washing, cleaning or rinsing conditions disintegratable, the hollow body (s) dimensional stability imparting, injection-molded material in the form of a dimensionally stable, this means independently, self-supporting hollow body; and (c) one or more walls / walls containing the two washing active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation spatial separating / separating from each other and the walls of the hollow body different are designed thick. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to claim 1, wherein the detergent, Detergent or detergent portion comprises a solid detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation and a liquid detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to claim 2, comprising two or more, one or more washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparations) containing Compartments that are arranged enclosing each other. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the / the dimensionally stable (n) hollow body one or more water soluble) Polymer, preferably a material from the group (optionally acetalated) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, Gelatin, cellulose, and their derivatives and their mixtures, more preferably (optionally acetalated) polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), comprises / comprise. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the / the dimensionally stable (n) hollow body one or more materials from the group acrylic acid-containing Polymers, polyacrylamides, oxazoline polymers, polystyrenesulfonates, Polyurethanes, polyesters and polyethers and mixtures thereof include / include. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to claim 5, wherein the dimensionally stable (s) hollow body of several materials, preferably of similar materials with different Properties exist. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the wall / walls (one) an activity reduction at least one component of a washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active component inhibiting devices) is / are. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein the wall / walls (one) the quality and / or quantity the release of components of a washing-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active Preparation determining institutions) is / are. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to claim 8, wherein the wall / walls (one) release at least one component of a washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Preparation in a washing, cleaning or rinsing liquor by means of physicochemical Parameter controlling devices) is / are, preferably (one) the release by disintegration after a certain time, at a certain temperature, at a certain pH, at a certain ionic strength, due to a certain mechanical stability and / or due to a certain permeability controlling Facilities) is / are. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, wherein the wall / walls (one) the activity at least one component of a washing active, cleaning active or rinse-active Preparation controlling devices) is / are. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to claim 10, wherein the compartmentalizing means) a controlled-release effect supplying devices) is / are or (a) disintegratable device (s), preferably (a) perforations having or generating facilities) is / are. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, wherein one or several wall / walls a part or the total amount of at least one component at least a washing active, cleaning active or rinse active preparation contains /. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, wherein one or Wall / walls in part or in total of at least one component at least a detergent-active, cleaning-active or rinse-active preparation. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, comprising at least one, preferably several, washing active, cleaning active or rinse active Preparations) from the group of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, builders, bleaches, bleach activators, Bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, polymers, cobuilders, Alkalizing agent, acidifying agent, anti redeposition agent, Silver protectants, colorants, optical brighteners, UV protection substances, fabric softener, rinse aid, in a for a washing, cleaning and Rinse sufficient Amount. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one of the claims 1 to 14, wherein the detergent, detergent or detergent portion Washing-active, cleansing or rinse-active preparations from the Group of enzymes and bleaches includes and enzymes and bleaches separated from each other. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, comprising the several, washing-active, cleaning-active (s) or rinse-active (s) Preparations) in one or more forms from the group of powders, Granules, extrudates, pellets, beads, tablets, tabs, rings, blocks, briquettes, Solutions, melting, Gels, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, foams and Gases. Detergent, detergent or detergent portion according to one of the several of claims 1 to 16, in which detergent, Detergent or detergent portion comprises a liquid enzyme preparation.