Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
  • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
  • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
  • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
  • C04B35/58085—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicides
  • C04B35/58092—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicides based on refractory metal silicides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/24—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by injection moulding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
  • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
  • C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
  • C04B35/593—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride obtained by pressure sintering
  • C04B35/5935—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride obtained by pressure sintering obtained by gas pressure sintering
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
  • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
  • C04B35/632—Organic additives
  • C04B35/634—Polymers
  • C04B35/63404—Polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C04B35/63408—Polyalkenes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
  • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
  • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
  • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
  • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/02—Details
  • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
  • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
  • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
  • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
  • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
  • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
  • H05B3/148—Silicon, e.g. silicon carbide, magnesium silicide, heating transistors or diodes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
  • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
  • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
  • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

• the present invention relates to ceramic pin heating elements, and in particular, to a ceramic pin heating element for an internal combustion engine, the pin heating element having integrated connector contacts.
• connection of ceramic pin heating elements having exterior heating element shafts in a metal housing with simultaneous sealing from the combustion chamber is complex.
• the installation position causes contact between the heating element shafts having different polarity and the grounded housing.
• one of the two heating element shafts must be electrically insulated from the housing in the area of the seal seat.
• the other heating element shaft having opposite polarity, must be electrically insulated from the connector bolt.
• the application of electrical insulatio n layers is currently implemented through separate vitrification steps or through application, for example by printing, and buming-in of electrically insulating layers.
• the corresponding open connector shaft is also provided with a layer of the same thickness but with electrical conductive properties, since there might otherwise be a danger of breakage of the ceramic pin heating element in the area of the seal seat.
• Another possibility is for the ceramic pin heating element to be fully insulated from the housing through application of a coating. As with a potential-free ⁇ -probe, contact is made through a divided terminal bolt.
• the present invention provides a method for making a ceramic pin heating element having exterior conductors and integrated electrical connection surfaces.
• the method comprises injection molding a first body from a first injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a first electrical resistance; injection molding a second injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a second electrical resistance about the first body so as to form a compound body; and sintering the compound body.
• the present invention also provides a ceramic pin heating element comprising a first body injection molded from a first injection-moldable ceramic comp osite compound, the first body having a first electrical resistance, and a seco nd body injection molded from a second injection-moldable ceramic composite compound, the second body having a second electrical resistance.
• the first body and second body form a compound body, the compound body bei ng sintered after injection molding of the first body and the second body.
• a ceramic pin heating element has exterior heating conductors based on Si 3 N 4 /MSi 2 , where is at least one of Mo, Nb, Ti and W, and has integrated electrical connection surfaces using multiple-component injection-molding technology.
• An advantage of the method and heating element of the present inventi on is direct shaping of the pin heating element without additional steps for protecting (insulating) the element so as to prevent the exterior, complementary heating conductors from contacting the housing and/or terminal bolts.
• Another advantage according to the present invention is minimization of the dan ger of breakage of the pins at the mounting location and/or at the seal seat through variations in the thickness of contact and/or . insulation coatings.
• Fig . 1 A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a ceramic pin heatin g element according to the present invention.
• Fig. 1 B shows a cross-section through line B-B of Fig. 1 A.
• Fig. 1 C shows a cross-section through line C-C of Fig. 1 A.
• Fig. 1 D shows a cross-section through line D-D of Fig. 1 A.
• Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of a method according to the present invention.
• an exemplary ceramic pin heating element of the present invention includes a heating conductor 2, a housing 1 2, an insulator body 22 and a connector bolt 32.
• Heating conductor 2 has a negative pole 3, a positive pole 6 and a tip 9, which is heated during operation of the heating element.
• Negative pole 3 has a lower section 4 disposed in housing 1 2, and a generally semi-cylindrical upper section 5 projecting from housing 1 2.
• Positive pole 6 has a lower section 7 disposed in housing 1 2, and a generally semi-cylindrical upper section 8 projecting from housing 1 2.
• Housing 1 2 forms a generally cylindrical, annular casing around lower sections 4 and 7 of negative pole 3 and positive pole 6, respectively, and around portions of insulator 22.
• Insulator 22 has a generally cylindrical stem section 24 encased by negative pole 3 and positive pole 6, a curved section 26 disposed between housing 1 2 and a portion of lower section 4 of negative pole 3, and a semi-disc shaped section 28 disposed between connection bolt 32 and lower section 4 of negative pole 3.
• connection bolt 32 is electrically connected to positive pole 6 and housing 1 2 is electrically connected to negative pole 3.
• Heating conductor 2 is made of an injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a relatively high conductivity.
• Insulator 22 is made of an injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a relatively low conductivity.
• Housing 1 2 is preferably made of free-cutting steel. Alternatively, housing 1 2 may be made of other suitable metals or materials.
• Connector bolt 8 is also preferably also made of free-cutting steel, but may also be made of other suitable metals or materials.
• Figs. 1 B- 1 D show cross-sectional views through the heating element of Fig. 1 A at various levels.
• an exemplary method according to the present invention includes injection molding a first body from a first injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a first electrical resistance, as shown in block 1 02.
• the next step of an exemplary method of the present invention is injection molding a second injection-moldable ceramic composite compound having a second electrical resistance about the first body so as to form a compound body.
• the first body may form heating element 2 or, alternatively, insulator body 22 of the ceramic pin heating element, while the second injection-moldable ceramic composite makes up, respectively, insulator body 22 or heating element 2.
• Sintering the compound body is then performed, as shown in block 1 06.
• the ceramic pin heater is produced using suitable organic process aids.
• suitable process aids include grafted polypropylene, such as POLYBOND 1 001 made by Uniroyal Chemical company, in combination with cyclododecane and/or cyclododecanol.
• Other suitable organic process aids include combinations of polyolefin waxes, such as HOSTAMONT TPEK 583 made by the firm Ticone GmbH, or of polyoxymethylene, such as CATAMOLD made by the firm BASF AG.
• the suitable organic process aid(s) are added to composites Si 3 N 4 /MSi 2 (where M is at least one of Mo, Nb, W and Ti) , the composites having differing specific electrical resistances following sintering.
• the composites are then formed into molded bodies through injection molding.
• the sintering is then performed, preferably as a two-step sintering process including a presintering and a primary sintering step.
• a method in accordance with the present invention uses a preconditioned Si 3 N 4 powder with appropriate sintering additives such as Al 2 0 3 , Y 2 0 3 , and the like and an admixture of MSi 2 (M: Mo, Nb, W, Ti) in differing proportions.
• MSi 2 Mo, Nb, W, Ti
• the admixture of MSi 2 is such that a component A, which is highly insulating following the sintering fire, and a very highly conductive component B, are created.
• Injection-moldable compounds AS and BS are prepared from the preconditioned ceramic powder mixtures A and B with a suitable organic binder system which according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is composed of grafted polypropylene in combination with cyclododecane and/or cyclododecanol.
• An insulation body made of compound AS is formed by injection molding.
• a conductive compound BS is injection molded around the insulation body AS, for example in the two-component injection molding procedure.
• Debinding and presintering is performed under an inert gas at a pressure of 1 bar and a temperature of up to 900 ° C.
• a primary sintering process follows the forming process after debinding and presintering.
• Primary sintering occurs under a defined N 2 partial pressure with the N 2 partial pressure being not higher than 10 bar and the total sintering pressure being elevated through addition of an inert gas, such as, for example, Ar, to values up to 100 bar, the sintering gas being at a temperature between 1 000°C and the sintering temperature which is no higher than 1 900 °C.
• primary sintering is performed under a defined N 2 partial pressure with the N 2 partial pressure varied with the temperature so that the partial pressure is within a range which is bounded by the following relationships and the total sintering pressure being elevated through addition of an inert gas, such as, for example, Ar, to values up to 1 00 bar:
• an inert gas such as, for example, Ar
• T is the sintering temperature in ° C and p(N 2 ) is the partial pressure of N 2 in bar.
• the sintering temperature is no higher than 1 900 ° C.
• the electrical contact surfaces may also be provided with a thin metal coating such as one based on Ni or the like.
• a composite powder A of 54 wt% Si 3 N 4 , 2.58 wt% Al 2 0 3 , 3.42 wt% Y 2 0 3 , and 40 wt% MoSi 2 and a composite powder B of 36 wt% Si 3 N 4 , 1 .72 wt% Al 2 0 3 , 2.28 wt% Y 2 0 3 , and 60 wt% MoSi 2 are produced.
• the mean particle size of the Si 3 N 4 used is 0.7 ⁇ m, and that of the MoSi 2 used is 1 .8 um. From these composite powders, injection-moldable compounds AS and BS are produced. Injection-mold able powder compounds represent highly filled dispersions.
• a binder system suitable for powder injection molding preferably meets the following requirements: ( 1 ) dispersion effect for avoidance of clumping of powder; (2) good flow quality of the compounds during injection molding; (3) adequate bonding of a second compound injected over a blank; (4) low formation of pyrolysis carbon during thermal debinding in inert gas atmosphere and in air, since carbon negatively influences the properties of the sintered molded body; and (5) rapid debinding without formation of defects.
• the combination of grafted polyprop ⁇ lenes and cyclododecane and/or cyclododecanol in accordance with a method of the present invention represents a binder system of this type .
• the polar compounds grafted onto the polypropylene chain such as acrylic acid or aleic acid anhydride attach to the surfaces of the powder.
• the polypropylene POLYBOND 1 O01 used in the present exemplary embodiment is a homo-polypropylene grafted with 6% acrylic acid of the company Uniroyal Chemical.
• preconditioned powder mixture B For production of the compound BS from the conductive ceramic, 82 wt% of preconditioned powder mixture B is kneaded with 1 2 wt% POLYBOND 1 001 and 6 wt% cyclododecane under protective gas at 1 80° C and is granulated through cooling with the kneader running.
• a compound AS is produced from the insulating ceramic po wder A, the filler content of which is matched to that of the compound BS such that test bodies injection molded and debinded from both compounds under the same sintering conditions have the same sintering shrinkage.
• the conductive body is formed with the compound BS through two- component injection molding. After withdrawal or change of the pusher which forms the recesses for the insulation areas in the injection molding tool, the voids formed are injected with the compound AS. In this process, a bo nd develops between the insulating body and the conductive path.
• the AS component After thermal debinding and sintering according to sintering conditions 2, the AS component has a specific resistance of 1 0 7 ⁇ cm and the BS component has a specific resistance of 6* 1 0 '3 ⁇ cm.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Ceramic Products (AREA)
• Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
• Resistance Heating (AREA)
• Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-06-23 US US09/339,309 patent/US6274079B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2000
  • 2000-06-23 DE DE60013541T patent/DE60013541T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-23 EP EP00943884A patent/EP1105269B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-23 JP JP2001506070A patent/JP4755372B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-06-23 WO PCT/EP2000/005876 patent/WO2001000378A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2000-06-23 ES ES00943884T patent/ES2226871T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-06-23 KR KR1020017001807A patent/KR100759236B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2001
  • 2001-06-05 US US09/874,765 patent/US6563093B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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