WO2000073584A1 - Equipo y procedimiento para desacidificacion en masa, eliminacion de la acidez libre y desinfestacion de materiales celulosicos - Google Patents
Equipo y procedimiento para desacidificacion en masa, eliminacion de la acidez libre y desinfestacion de materiales celulosicos Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000073584A1 WO2000073584A1 PCT/ES2000/000188 ES0000188W WO0073584A1 WO 2000073584 A1 WO2000073584 A1 WO 2000073584A1 ES 0000188 W ES0000188 W ES 0000188W WO 0073584 A1 WO0073584 A1 WO 0073584A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- elimination
- materials according
- free acidity
- cellulosic materials
- autoclave
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/18—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00 of old paper as in books, documents, e.g. restoring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to equipment and a method for the mass deacidification of cellulosic materials, with parallel elimination of free acidity and desmfestation of the treated material, and has been specially designed for the preservation and treatment of books, documents, press , maps, cellulosic tissues and graphic works on paper, with which maximum efficiency is achieved both from the point of view of safety, as well as quality, as well as significant energy savings and a greater degree of automatism by incorporating an automaton that governs the process and a screen that allows to visualize its development.
- the equipment and method of the invention are especially suitable for solving the problem of archives and libraries with documentary collections of certain antiquity, preferably from the end of the 18th century until 1960, specifically in order to preserve and preserve them, with the objective end of achieving adequate permanence and durability in "time.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) mainly from the 18th (late), 19th and 20th centuries.
- the different mass deacidification systems tested coincide in the objective of lowering costs in the restoration with different results than those obtained by manual procedures.
- the cost per hour of work of a restorer is between 1,800 and 2,000 Pta. in Spain, in official restoration centers, using conventional systems, with which a 500-page book requires an approximate time of 70 hours, plus 15 hours for sewing and binding. Therefore, a restorer-bookbinder, who works 1,750 hours a year taking advantage of dead time to bind, can restore about 20 books / year (between 175.00o and 158,000 Pta. / Book). These data make a global restoration policy prohibitive.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a method of mass treatment of cellulosic material comprising deacidifying paper, which consists in putting the paper in contact with solutions in hydrocarbons or halochlorocarbons of certain magnesium methoxy and butoxy polyethylene glycols, which have been treated with carbon dioxide to provide solutions Low viscosity and more stable against moisture.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) It produces an increase in cellulose volume by elimination of hydrogen bonds in the cellulosic material and a hmchamiento of the sheets of paper, with an increase in thickness by measurement with a micrometer. Tensile strength decreases with accelerated paper aging, so the results obtained with the use of these reagents are unreliable.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) deacidification, and subsequent removal of solvents also used by vacuum drying with high frequency radiation.
- This last type of pre-drying and the final drying have been replaced by conventional methods using heat and vacuum, due to the alterations that the action of microwaves had on the sheets of books, due to the mobility of existing metal particles adhered to the surface of the leaves.
- It uses as a solvent hexamethyl disiloxane and an adduct formed by magnesium ethoxide and titanium ethoxide as deacidifying agents. They do not indicate the pre-drying time.
- the system as a whole is not related to our invention.
- Patent GB 1,582,265 (Batelle Ingemeurtechnik) describes a process whereby aged, damaged and fragile paper is treated with a solution containing isocyanate or with isocyanate vapor preferably using the isocyanate with two or more isocyanate groups This system does not It is related to our invention.
- the Sable process is a variant of the Wei T'o process;
- the disadvantages of this process are that the printing inks are run and also white powder is deposited on the covers.
- the total alkaline reserve and its distribution is not satisfactory.
- the Spanish patent No. ES 2,125,792 in the name of the applicant, relating to a device and a procedure for the deacidification, disinfestation and mass disinfection of documents and books, where a dissolution of a reagent and a suitable solvent HFC R134a;
- the reagents are methoxy and butoxy magnesium polyethylene glycolate carbonates, the latter reagents that are very similar to those of the company Lithium Corporation of America, but since it has been seen that they did not give the desirable results they were abandoned later in their application in the equipment patented * and replaced by other products.
- the Spanish patent application P9700964 in the name of the applicant, is a modification of the Spanish patent ES 2,125,792.
- the objective of the invention is to provide a process of mass deacidification, elimination of free acidity and de-infestation, that respects environmental factors, that is, that works in closed circuit with non-polluting reagents and solvents, that comply with the Montreal Protocol and with the greatest number of conditions of adequate mass deacidification.
- the equipment that is recommended comprises an autoclave intended to receive the cellulosic materials to be treated, a solvent tank located on a load cell that allows programming the amount of solvent in each particular process, a concentrated reagent dosing tank for introduce the appropriate amount of reagent according to the weight of the cellulosic material to be treated, and a deposit-by gravity collection of the residual solution from the autoclave for later recovery.
- the invention includes the use of said equipment and comprises drying or dehydration of the cellulosic material in the autoclave chamber, the dosage of an active deacidifying product, the impregnation of the cellulosic material by contact with a solution of the active deacidifying product in the autoclave chamber, the emptying by gravity transfer of the residual solution from the autoclave to the residual solution tank, and the recovery of solvent by distillation of the residual solution with transfer of the distilled solvent from the residual solution tank to the solvent bottle.
- Figure 1 is a front elevation, side elevation and top plan view of a machine containing an equipment object of this invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a particular embodiment of an equipment provided by this invention with its components.
- Figure 3 shows a particular embodiment of equipment provided by this invention with its components identified by the DIN and ISO standards of the components (filters, solenoid valves, etc.).
- FIG 4 shows a particular embodiment of an equipment provided by this invention with its components, similar to that of Figure 2, but under another
- Figure 5 shows the flowchart of the empty ⁇ e / air inlet cycles.
- Figure 6 shows the flow chart of the cycles of the concentrated reagent inlet.
- Figure 7 shows the flow chart of the dilution of the reagent with the solvent.
- Figure 8 shows the flowchart of the leftover solution collection.
- Ld Figure 9 shows the flow diagram of the distillation of the solvents in the tank (3).
- Figure 10 shows the flow chart of the refill when there are solvent losses of the bottle 2).
- the invention provides equipment for mass deacidification, elimination of free acidity and de-infestation in cellulosic materials, hereinafter equipment of the invention, comprising an autoclave ⁇ , 1) with pressure control and temperature inside which the cellulosic materials to be treated are introduced, following a series of chemical processes and
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) physicists that produce chemical and physical changes in the substrate of said cellulosic materials; a solvent bottle (2) connected to the autoclave (1); a load cell '13) on which the solvent cylinder ⁇ 2) is placed, which serves to program the amount of solvent in each process; a dosing tank (8) of concentrated reagent to introduce the appropriate amount of reagent according to the weight of the material to be treated, characterized by having a tank (3) for collecting by gravity the residual solution from the autoclave d) for its subsequent recovery.
- the autoclave (1) is constituted by a body, for example, cylindrical, and a cover with sealing gasket, a pressure sensor, a safety valve, a temperature control thermocouple inside the autoclave (1), a pressure and vacuum measurement system, an external temperature control sensor and heating bands outside the wall of the ti autoclave; .
- the solvent bottle 2) contains the solvent and has an external cooling system, which, in a particular embodiment, consists of a cooling group formed by a hermetic compressor (C), a condenser and a cooling jacket that wraps the upper part of the solvent bottle (2).
- the equipment “of the invention may include a defrosting system to remove the peel that is formed in the jacket that coats the solvent bottle (2) and that is formed in the distillation process.
- a defrosting system to remove the peel that is formed in the jacket that coats the solvent bottle (2) and that is formed in the distillation process.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) said defrost system consists of a fan (V) driven by a motor (M) and a heating resistor IR).
- the cooling jacket that wraps the upper part of the solvent bottle (2) mentioned above 5 may have a valve for the automatic condensate outlet.
- the solvent bottle (2) also has a heating system (10). - - -.
- the dosing reservoir ( 8) of concentrated reagent is a reservoir containing the concentrated deacidification reagent and is connected to the autoclave (1) so that the appropriate amount of the concentrated reagent can pass directly into the autoclave (1) where subsequently it will reach the desired final concentration by direct transfer of the solvent from the solvent bottle (2) to the inner chamber of the autoclave (1).
- the autoclave (1) 0 has a solvent and concentrated reagent inlet that is alternately connected with the metering tank (3) of concentrated reagent or with the solvent bottle (2 pure).
- the gravity collection tank (3) of the residual solution from the autoclave (1) allows collecting said residual solution for later recovery.
- Said tank (3) has a cooling system (14) that it uses during the emptying of the 0 autoclave (1).
- the waste solution collection tank (3) also has a heating system (14) of which it is used to distill the solvent contained in the residual solution.
- the collection tank (3) for the residual solution has an inlet for a cleaning product, for example, anhydrous n-propanol, or air.
- the tank ⁇ 2 for collecting the residual solution also has an evacuation valve (VM7) for the suspension formed after the distillation process.
- VM7 evacuation valve
- connection between the autoclave (1) and the waste solution collection tank (3) is opened or closed by a manual or automatic valve (NN5, VM6).
- the equipment of the invention can also include a vacuum pump connected to the autoclave (1), a load cell (11) on which the dosing tank (8) of concentrated reagent is located, a programmable automaton for controlling the processes of the equipment automatically and a touch screen from which the type and steps of the process are selected according to the amount of material to be treated.
- the equipment of the invention may include different types of valves, for example: - a series of pneumatic valves which, in a particular embodiment, may be governed by the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) automaton and activated by means of the touch screen attached to the automaton;
- the equipment of the invention also includes the possibility of having a refill bottle (12) coupled to the system for recharging the solvent bottle
- the equipment of the invention can have, as safety measures, a safety valve in the upper part of the solvent bottle (2), a safety valve in the upper part of the tank t3) for collecting the residual solution, and , optionally, a safety valve at the top of the autoclave (1).
- the equipment of the invention can also include a filter with moisture absorption indicator in the conduit of the solvent bottle (2) with the rest of the system, as well as a heat exchanger (6) that optimizes the cooling of the solvent bottle (2) and uses the heat generated to heat the waste collection tank (3).
- the invention provides a method for mass deacidification, elimination of free acidity and disinfestation of cellulosic raterials, hereinafter process of the invention, by using a device of the invention, comprising the following steps:
- the drying or dehydration of the cellulosic material to be treated is carried out in the autoclave chamber and is carried out by intermittent cycles of vacuum and hot air entrainment, preferably In order to carry out this stage the air is penetrated into the autoclave chamber and, Once it has been introduced, it is heated for a period of time necessary to reach a specific temperature of 50 ° C maximum, so as not to harm the material to be treated, increasing the pressure inside the autoclave due to the increase in temperature and at the closing of the ⁇ e ⁇ popmba valve
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) empty.
- the vacuum cycle is carried out by means of a vacuum pump and a pressure sensor until a vacuum of 30 to 40 ilibars is reached.
- the last cycle in a series of drying or dehydration cycles is a vacuum cycle that leaves the autoclave in a vacuum situation that is used to force reagents to enter during the dosing phase.
- the number of cycles of vacuum and air intake is a function of the mass of cellulosic material.
- a volume ⁇ e around ⁇ e 80 liters (1, preferably between 10 and 50 cycles of vacuum and hot air intake of about 8 minutes are performed to dry or dehydrate an approximate mass of 20 to 60 kilograms (kg) of cellulosic material.
- the humidity of the cellulosic material is between 2% and 2.5%.
- the drying or dehydration process used in the process of the invention is faster than any of those used in other similar procedures since at atmospheric pressure and even at lower pressures, of the order of 30 millibars, the thermal conductivity of water vapor is much greater than at high voids, with which conventional systems work.
- This type of dehydration process based on intermittent cycles of vacuum / air intake also marks some major differences with conventional systems, since some of them use high frequency currents, which have
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) had to be abandoned due to the damage caused by the existing metal particles in the cellulosic material or even because of the materials used in the construction of the machines.
- the dosing stage of the active deacidifying product is divided into two sub-stages, (i) an entry stage of the reagent concentrated in a certain amount from the dosing tank to the bottom of the autoclave under the action of a general vacuum in the autoclave in the last cycle ⁇ e seca ⁇ o so that the concentrated reagent does not reach to touch the cellulosic material, and (n) a stage of dilution of the concentrated reagent to a certain concentration.
- any suitable reagent can be used to deacidify the cellulosic material, optionally accompanied by a suitable vehicle.
- the active deacidifying product is magnesium di-n-propylate carbonate diluted in HFC 227 and a small amount of n-propanol.
- the concentration of reagent in the dosing tank can vary within a wide range, preferably, between 50% and 70% by weight of the pure reagent.
- the step of entering the concentrated reagent into the autoclave consists in passing a certain amount of said concentrated reagent from the dosing tank to the lower part ⁇ e.-. autoclave.
- the dilution step of the reagent consists in passing a certain amount of solvent from the solvent bottle into the autoclave.
- the transfer of solvent from the solvent bottle ⁇ nac to the autoclave is carried out with the aid of heating said bottle by means of a heating system in order to favor the flow of the solvent into the autoclave.
- the quantities of concentrated reagent and solvent added to the autoclave are determined according to the desired final reagent concentration and are automatically dosed by means of load cells on which the concentrated reagent and solvent reservoirs are located respectively .
- the concentration by weight of the pure reagent after dosing is between 2.0% and 4.5% according to the pH of the cellulosic material to be treated.
- the solution of reagent C can be programmed by means of the load cells commanded by the automaton from the concentrated reagent, in order to achieve the concentrations mentioned above, which are the most suitable to provide the paper with alkaline reserves between 1% and 1.5%, programming that is carried out depending on the quantity (kg) and acidity of the material
- the impregnation step of the tylosic material to be treated begins by contacting a solution of the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) deacidifying product active in the autoclave chamber.
- the impregnation stage lasts up to 3 hours depending on the weight of the cellulosic material, achieving at that time a homogeneous distribution inside the cellulosic material to be treated, in particular, on the sheets of the books.
- the emptying stage of the residual solution is performed by completing the impregnation stage by transferring from the autoclave to the residual solution tank not only by gravity but also by cooling the residual solution tank.
- the emptying of the autoclave is also favored by heating it.
- the residual solution remaining after the treatment of the treated cellulosic material contains sludge and solvents, mostly HFC 227. This residual solution may contain some small amount of loin sizing tails, especially those after the 1960s, because they are synthetic magnesium salts
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET such as sulfates, chlorides and nitrates and small amounts of n-propanol, in addition to the dirt from the books that is carried away by the solvent, for example, HFC 227. These products are deposited in the bottom or dissolved.
- Pressurized liquids go to the collecting tank by gravity and by cooling with the compressor system by means of the heat exchanger and by opening the corresponding pneumatic valve, for which purpose said tank is located at the bottom of the machine that includes the equipment the invention.
- the corresponding pneumatic valve is closed so that the steam in the tank does not revert back to the autoclave while the waste collection tank is cooled by means of the heat exchanger with the compressor group.
- the cellulosic material is removed from the autoclave chamber.
- the solvent is recovered by distillation of the residual solution evacuated from the autoclave in the emptying stage with transfer of the distilled solvent from the residual solution tank to the solvent bottle.
- the distillation is carried out by heating the residual solution tank and passing the vapors to the solvent tank and cooling said tank to recover the solvent.
- the distillation process is carried out simultaneously with the drying or dehydration process of a new batch of cellulosic material to be treated.
- the manual inlet valve has been opened and the introduction of a cleaning product, by - ⁇ emplc, n-propanol, and then air is bubbled as a means of stirring to disperse the solid material from the bottom of the tank resulting in a suspension that is removed through a tank drain valve, for example, through a manual valve at the bottom of the tank.
- the process of the invention contemplates the possibility of checking the possible weight loss in the solvent bottle, after having carried out a series of processes, and the possibility of recharging the solvent if necessary by means of an external tank that is connected to said bottle in places designed for it.
- the process of the invention may also include the possibility of achieving the disinfestation of the treated cellulosic material by means of an additional process, in which case, said demolition stage may be simultaneous with the drying or impregnation stages.
- the ⁇ e de-infestation stage consists in the creation of a vacuum in the autoclave and the introduction of an appropriate de-infestant agent, for example, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or HFC 227, allowing said agent to act for a period of time sufficient for the elimination of insects and larvae due to lack of oxygen.
- the de-infestation stage lasts between 6 and 6 hours and includes the use of gases at pressures of up to 2 bars.
- the process of the invention comprises a step of controlling results at the end of the process.
- Control results m can be performed hrough determining oe distribution carbonate magnesium magnesium) in the treated material before and after treatment, and can be crosscutting for the distribution of magnesium particles along the cut by means of scanning electron microscopy
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) of the book can be between 1% and 1.5%.
- the process of the invention contemplates the possibility of being automatically controlled by an automaton.
- the autoclave chamber or where dehydration is carried out is used to recover books from libraries or file records that have experienced water or fire disasters and adhesion has occurred between leaves.
- the invention also provides a cellulose material drying process comprising the use of an equipment of the invention, and in which the drying of the cellulosic material is effected by intermittent cycles of vacuum and input of hot air.
- ⁇ ⁇ io after entering the air, it is heated for the period of time necessary to reach a certain temperature of 50 ° C maximum, increasing the pressure inside the autoclave due to the temperature increase.
- the vacuum cycle can be carried out by means of a vacuum pump and a pressure sensor until a vacuum of 30 to 40 miibars is reached.
- the number of vacuum and air-inlet cycles is a function of the mass of cellulosic material to be dried.
- the invention relates to the use of the equipment of the invention and the method of the invention for the treatment of cellulosic material, in general, and, in particular, books or any other kind of paper publication.
- Figure 1 shows a machine that includes an equipment of the invention comprising an autoclave (1), a refrigerated solvent bottle (2), heated, provided with a jacket in which the solvent is stored, for example HFC 227; heating is carried out with electrically powered bands while cooling is achieved by a refrigerator compressor; a tank t3) for collecting residual solution from the autoclave (1) by gravity for solvent recovery by opening the pneumatic valve (NV5), actuated by compressed air and activated by a programmed automaton; the neutralized liquid and free acids, as well as the solvent and the reagent not consumed, come down from the autoclave; a compressor group (4) formed by a condenser-refrigerator in order to pass the solvent by distillation from the tank (3) to the solvent bottle (2), by cooling the cooling jacket by the action of a condenser;
- NV5 pneumatic valve
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) an electrical cabinet (5); a capacitor (6); a vacuum pump (7) to effect the vacuum for drying the books; Due to the low thermal conductivity that occurs in the autoclave (1) at high voids since no hot plates are used inside the autoclave, vacuum cycles and air intake have been used to allow heating when contact is established with the hot surface (40-45 ° C) of the autoclave (1) that performs a vacuum between 30 and 40 mbar, a faster dehydration of the cellulosic material is achieved, of the order of 4 hours for 20 kg of books in 30 cycles; 5.30 hours for 30 kg of books in 40 cycles; and 6.30 hours for 50 kg of books in 50 cycles; the cycles are regulated by program by means of an automaton incorporated to the system; a dosing tank (8) containing the concentrated deacidifying reagent, located on a load cell (11) to achieve an adequate dosage by programming.
- Figures 2-4 show particular embodiments of equipment provided by this invention with the components of the equipment as a whole, with the symbols that follow the ISO and DIN standards for the identification of machine components. These symbols are attached as an addendum to Figure 4.
- the equipment of the invention includes an autoclave (1) whose chamber is connected to a safety solenoid valve (9) with a valve
- the chamber is ⁇ e cylindrical, has dimensions of 540 x 360 liters capacity) and is able to withstand a maximum pressure of 10 bars, being able to vary the dimensions according to design and volume requirements.
- the autoclave chamber has a heated heating system or heating bands that cover part of the wall of the autoclave (1). It also has an external programmable temperature control (TS) sensor, while inside there is another thermocouple ⁇ TC), to control that the temperature of the books does not exceed ios 40 ° C-50 ° C. It also has a pressure and vacuum (PI) sensor.
- TS programmable temperature control
- PI pressure and vacuum
- the autoclave 'i) has a safety valve (VS) that trips when the internal pressure exceeds ios 6 bar absolute.
- a double-acting rotary vacuum pump (7) with an estimated flow rate of 8 m J / h, allows faster dehydration of the cellulosic material before treatment.
- the refill bottle tl2) of the solvent coupled to the system to recharge the solvent bottle (2) in view of the losses that may have occurred during the process has a capacity of 60 liters of HFC 227, a solvent fiuorocarbcnado qualified as ecological since the Uncle contain chlorine does not alter the ozone layer, and lacking toxicity because HFC 227 is used in asthmatic nebulizers.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
- the solvent bottle (2) is surrounded by a cooling jacket on which a compressor refrigeration group (4) connected to a hand operated valve acts.
- a filter with moisture absorption indicator is interleaved in the connection channel of the bottle with the rest of the system, to purify the recovered HFC 227.
- a system with a heating band (10) surrounds the container to cause heating of the solvent liquid (2) and facilitate the transfer to the autoclave.
- the solvent bottle 2) is located on a load cell (13, which programmatically allows a --- ossification of the solvent according to the different recipes made according to the weight of the books and the deacidifying reagent added from the dosing tank
- the dosage of the solvent is controlled by weighing.
- the deacidification chamber is attached to a tank
- said deposit 3) has a
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 90 liter capacity, connected to the bottom of autoclave 1 by a manual valve, for cleaning operations;
- a solenoid valve opens the drainage circuit ⁇ of the deacidification chamber until the distillation vessel when the impregnation time with the reagent of the books contained in the deacidification chamber ends, allowing the chamber to be opened after treatment and drained after treatment and carried out thus a quick drying of the treated books.
- a dosing tank (8) located on a load cell (11), allows, by opening manual valves and a solenoid valve per program, to dose the reagent, which is valued in its composition in said container. Then, after the reagent enters the chamber, the dissolution is carried out with the solvent that goes directly to the chamber from the solvent bottle (2).
- Solvent bottle (2) with jacket, safety valve, VS and a heating band and cooling coil connected to the compressor group and with pressure indicator PI and mounted on a load cell (13).
- - Residual solution collection tank (3) with capacity for 90 liters, equipped with cooling and heating coil, safety valve VS and pressure gauge
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) PI, connected to the heating and cooling system; It is equipped with VM6 and VM10 manual valves.
- HFC 227 to the cylinder (2).
- - System formed by the compressor (4) and the condenser; this group is cold and, by inversion, generates heat; with this group the cooling of the different parts of the process of treatment of the books is achieved;
- M motor driven fan
- the system incorporates a motor driven fan (M), which cools a large surface flexible cable system to optimize the cooling of the coils.
- the system is equipped with a series of pneumatic valves governed by the automaton and activated by means of the touch screen connected to the automaton. It also carries a series of solenoid valves ( Figure 4 ⁇ , which close or open the passage at different stages of the process.
- the system also incorporates a series of
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) manual valves, related to maintenance, fluid replacement, reagent and solvent inlet.
- the system in different parts of it has PS pressure sensors and PI pressure indicators. There is also a PIC pressure controller.
- TS temperature regulators and indicators thereof are interleaved at different points in the process.
- the system in all the vessels that have to withstand pressure is provided with a system of safety valves located at a pressure of 6 bars.
- the equipment is tested up to 10 absolute bars in order to achieve adequate security.
- the system has a heat exchanger to optimize the refrigeration cycle of the bottle (2) that contains the HFC 227 and take advantage of the heat released to heat the tank (3).
- Figure 4 shows 2 filters marked with an F the Fl has the function of absorbing water and small amounts of n-propanol that is carried away in the distillation, and the F2 filter to dry cooling steam.
- VM manual valves
- EV solenoid valves
- NV pneumatic valve
- E represents the joint system using male and female tubes related to fluid transfer.
- B Vacuum pump.
- autoclave (1) receiver tank for residual solution (3)
- HFC 227 bottle (2) HFC 227 refill bottle (12).
- the output of the autoclave is opened, in order to eliminate the vacuum by means of the EV1 solenoid valve, which lets a current of air from the environment into the autoclave (1).
- the autoclave is at a temperature of 45-50 ° C, the air, once the EV1 solenoid valve is opened and the EV2 solenoid valve closed, which disconnects the vacuum, is maintained for 4-5 minutes until it reaches the autoclave temperature (45- 50 ° C).
- the EV1 solenoid valve is closed when 4-5 minutes have elapsed and the EV2 solenoid valve and the pneumatic valve NVl are opened again, resulting in a new vacuum cycle. Successive openings and closers, allow the passage of a stream of air and a pressure of 1 bar is achieved in the autoclave '1) dehydration, which is at a temperature of 45 ° C. The air is kept in the chamber until it reaches its temperature
- This phase is characterized by the dosing of the concentrated reagent from the bottle (8), located on a load cell (11), the outlets of the bottle, which are manual valves remain open, by opening
- the pneumatic valve NV2 is activated by the program governed by the automaton, which allows the passage of the deacidifying reagent into the autoclave (1).
- the reagent penetrates through the entrance in the lower part of the autoclave (1), so that the concentrated reagent does not initially contact the materials to be treated, until dissolution occurs with the HFC 227 solvent
- the dosage is started once the dehydration of the
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) books The added quantities of reagent are programmed and calculated previously according to the weight of the books to be treated. The calculation is made from the concentration of deacidification reagent of the depototide (8), which according to the items and previous analyzes carried out at the factory are of the order of 50-70% by weight. If the amount of books of, for example, 20 kg, and if the reagent is at a concentration of 70% by weight, 800 g, of 100% reagent which is what the books would need to reach an alkaline reserve between 1% and 2% and correspond to 1,150 g of concentrated solution, which is what is programmed in the automaton.
- Figure 7 shows the process phase in which the concentrated solution of the deacidifying reagent, which has been deposited in the bottom of the autoclave (1) is diluted by the solvent contained in the bottle (2), when it passes into the autoclave (1) .
- the diluent is HFC 227
- the cylinder (2) is located on a load cell (13), such that, by programming, the reagent is diluted to concentrations between 3.9% and 4.5% according to the acidity (pH measurement) of the material, for this purpose it is necessary to add 19,650 kg of solvent.
- the process consists in the activation of the load cell, heating of the cylinder (2), by starting up the heating system formed by the heating bands (10), located in the lower part of the cylinder (2) and fed by the corresponding source of energy simultaneously opens the pneumatic valve NV7, so that the HFC 227 flows from the cylinder (2) to the autoclave
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Weighing the reagent quantities through the action of a pneumatic valve NV2 that opens the circuit to the autoclave, once the quantity has been dosed by opening the manual valve of the HFC 227 tank and opening the pneumatic valve NV7, it is introduced the quantity in kg programmed in the automaton.
- the pneumatic valve NV7 is automatically closed. The impregnation process is then started, which lasts 3 hours, since the carbonated reagent is less active than the corresponding non-carbonated magnesium n-proproxide.
- the diffusion is practically the same, in this way the homogeneity of the treatment is ensured, which is one of the existing differences with the remaining current application processes.
- Figure 8 shows the system to evacuate the remaining solution from the treatment, consisting mostly of HFC 227, excess reagent, some amount of tails dissolved by HFC 227, dirt deposited in books or documents and magnesium salts formed from the removable acid products of
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) cellulosic materials
- the process is produced by opening the pneumatic valve NV5, and passes through the manual valve open permanently, MV6.
- a fundamental characteristic of this process is that it is carried out quickly per gravity and simultaneous heating of the autoclave (1) and cooling through the cooling system and passing the solution to the tank (3) where it is stored until the next phase begins of the process consisting in the recovery of HFC 227.
- the autoclave (1) can then be opened and the cellulosic material contained in it can be removed to introduce a new item and start the dehydration process indicated in Figure 5 again, in this way process time is gained, since This represents a variant that is claimed, because there is no waiting time in the process, because the dissolution passes in a few minutes from the autoclave (1) to the tank (3), because the distillation is independent of the process of dehydration cn, since both occur simultaneously.
- Figure 9 shows the distillation phase of the solution stored in the tank c tank (3); It consists of heating said tank so that the solution from the previous operation, which has passed to said tank by heating the autoclave (1) up to 45 ° C and by gravity due to the design in the situation of the tank, the latter condition is very important to get speed in the process.
- the tank (2) is heated by a resistance to
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) pass the HFC 227 to the solvent tank located on the load cell and achieve a complete recovery of the solvent as possible, by cooling the cylinder (2).
- the two manual valves VM8 and VM10 and the pneumatic valve NV3 are opened, so that the HFC 227 of the tank (3) passes to the solvent tank (2) cooled by the compressor C, started up and connected to the manual valve to allow cooling of said tank.
- the pneumatic valves NV6, NV5, NV7, NV4 and NV6 remain closed as well as the manual valve VM9, to drive the HCF 227 to the tank (2).
- the distillation process takes about 6-7 hours and is carried out simultaneously with the dehydration of the books that lasts approximately according to the weight of the books 4 hours, 5 hours and 20 minutes, and 6 hours and 40 minutes, respectively, to 20, 30 and 40 kg of books.
- the system is ready for the next process step.
- the tank (3) remain the cars and residues of the soluble acidity and dirt that has been dragged with the HCF 227, from the treated books, in addition the n-propanol is maintained, which has a very low vapor pressure against the HFC 227, and therefore does not distil although some small amount is carried away, that the same as moisture is retained in the Fl filter.
- the tank is cleaned (3), by opening the valve MV5 manual, for n-propanol input,
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) keeping the MV6 manual valve open, which is its usual position, and air is passed to produce a bubbling, which agitates the waste with the added solvent and then the MV7 manual valve is opened, as indicated in Figure 5. 10, thus eliminating waste from the operating cycles.
- the insulating coating jacket condenses water and has a condensate outlet electro-valve in a defrosting process, which is carried out after cooling the liquid in the bottle 5 t2).
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) [see Figure 5]. This operation takes place through a series of cycles with hot and dry air inlet to optimize the pre-drying time that is of the order of 4 to 6 hours depending on the weight in books, with a number of cycles of 30 to 50, each of them of about 8 minutes, which in this way passes from a water content in the books of 5% to 8% to values between 2% and 2.5%. In this type of operation it has been taken into account that the water is eliminated according to the vacuum and its heat conductivity.
- Deacidification treatment consists of two phases: a) dosing of the concentrated reagent formed by magnesium di-n-propylate carbonate in an amount between 50% and 70% by weight, according to previous assessment, and between 50% and 30% by weight of HFC 227 and n-propanol (the latter in minor amounts to avoid unwanted effects); and b) dissolution of the previous reagent with HFC 227 from the cylinder (2), so that they are reached
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) concentrations between 3.5% and 4.5% by weight of the pure reagent.
- the machine can produce the de-infestation of books and documents simultaneously with the treatment in the dehydration and impregnation phases, this is because the vacuum and the heat cause the elimination of oxygen in all the cycles, but mainly because in the impregnation phase an anaerobic environment is created, which causes insects and their larvae and eggs to die due to lack of oxygen.
- This process in said machine can be carried out independently, by vacuum and then by entry through a quick plug in the nitrogen autoclave, carbon dioxide, HFC 227, and leave the books overnight with some of these ciases.
- the alkaline reserve has been determined according to UNE 57.174 and ISO 287: 1985.
- the resistance-elongation tests have been determined according to UNE 57028 and ISO 1924/2.
- the pH has been determined by measurement with a flat electrode, according to the TAPPl T529 om-88 standard. The pH is calculated on the average of these values in different areas of the leaf.
Landscapes
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU49271/00A AU4927100A (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Device and method for mass deacidification, elimination of free acidity and disinfestation of cellulosic material |
BRPI0011003-5A BR0011003B1 (pt) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Processo e dispositivo para desacidificação em massa, eliminação de acidez livre de materiais celulósicos. |
CA002375056A CA2375056C (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Device and method for mass deacidification and elimination of free acidity of cellulosic materials |
DE60026989T DE60026989T2 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur entsäuerung der pulpe, entfernung des freien säuregehalts von cellulosehaltigen materialien |
EP00931289A EP1245733B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Device and method for mass deacidification, elimination of free acidity of cellulosic material |
US09/980,030 US7211221B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Device and method for mass deacidification, elimination of free acidity and disinfestation of cellulosic materials |
MXPA01012273A MXPA01012273A (es) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Equipo y procedimiento para desacidificacion en masa, eliminacion de la acidez libre y desinfestacion de materiales celulosicos. |
ES00931289T ES2260014T3 (es) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Equipo y procedimiento para desacidificacion en masa, eliminacion de la acidez libre de materiales celulosicos. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ESP9901152 | 1999-05-27 | ||
ES009901152A ES2154592B1 (es) | 1999-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Equipo y procedimiento para la desacidificacion en masa, eliminacion de la acidez libre y desinfestacion de materiales celulosicos. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000073584A1 true WO2000073584A1 (es) | 2000-12-07 |
Family
ID=8308592
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2000/000188 WO2000073584A1 (es) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-26 | Equipo y procedimiento para desacidificacion en masa, eliminacion de la acidez libre y desinfestacion de materiales celulosicos |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7211221B1 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1245733B1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE321912T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU4927100A (es) |
BR (1) | BR0011003B1 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2375056C (es) |
DE (1) | DE60026989T2 (es) |
DK (1) | DK1245733T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2154592B1 (es) |
MX (1) | MXPA01012273A (es) |
PT (1) | PT1245733E (es) |
WO (1) | WO2000073584A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1283300A2 (de) | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-12 | Peter Zitzmann | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entsäuren von Büchern |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1824789A4 (en) * | 2004-11-29 | 2012-04-25 | Aquamill Five Star Pty Ltd | LIQUID TREATMENT DEVICE AND METHOD |
SK287845B6 (sk) | 2007-09-18 | 2012-01-04 | Stu Fakulta Chemickej A Potravinarskej Technologie | Multifunction device for modification of cellulose materials and method for modification of cellulose materials |
DE102015107863A1 (de) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | GSK mbH - Gesellschaft zur Sicherung von schriftlichem Kulturgut mit beschränkter Haftung | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Entfernung von Verunreinigungen und zur Desinfektion von Archivalien |
CN106192573A (zh) * | 2016-07-27 | 2016-12-07 | 陕西天洁净型煤化工技术开发有限公司 | 一种适用于纸质文献批量脱酸的装置和方法 |
CN108004847B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-08-10 | 华南理工大学 | 一种古籍脱酸修复方法 |
CN112391873B (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-11-23 | 鼎纳科技有限公司 | 一种大型图书脱酸设备及其控制系统 |
CN111335072B (zh) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-11-14 | 杭州众材科技股份有限公司 | 立式纸品脱酸装置及纸品脱酸机 |
CN112371066A (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-19 | 北京康欣东弘医药科技有限公司 | 一种注射微球的制备系统 |
CN113201969B (zh) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-10-11 | 杭州众材科技股份有限公司 | 一种智能纸张脱酸系统 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1990003466A1 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-05 | Lithium Corporation Of America | Mass treatment of cellulosic materials |
WO1991004800A1 (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-04-18 | Fmc Corporation | Book deacidification method and apparatus |
US5120500A (en) * | 1989-02-11 | 1992-06-09 | Battelle-Institue E.V. | Process and device for nonpolluting mass deacidification of books and other paper products |
US5282320A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1994-02-01 | Fmc Corporation | Book drying process |
ES2125792A1 (es) * | 1996-01-05 | 1999-03-01 | Univ Catalunya Politecnica | Equipo y procedimiento para desacidifacion, desinfestacion y desinfeccion en masa de documentos y libros. |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4860685A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1989-08-29 | Smith Richard D | Treatment of cellulosic materials |
US5173258A (en) * | 1989-10-11 | 1992-12-22 | American Sterilizer Company | Recirculation, vapor and humidity control in a sealable enclosure |
US5213619A (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1993-05-25 | Jackson David P | Processes for cleaning, sterilizing, and implanting materials using high energy dense fluids |
US5122344A (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1992-06-16 | Mdt Corporation | Chemical sterilizer system |
-
1999
- 1999-05-27 ES ES009901152A patent/ES2154592B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-26 CA CA002375056A patent/CA2375056C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 US US09/980,030 patent/US7211221B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-05-26 EP EP00931289A patent/EP1245733B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 AT AT00931289T patent/ATE321912T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-26 BR BRPI0011003-5A patent/BR0011003B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-05-26 WO PCT/ES2000/000188 patent/WO2000073584A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-26 MX MXPA01012273A patent/MXPA01012273A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-26 AU AU49271/00A patent/AU4927100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-26 ES ES00931289T patent/ES2260014T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 DK DK00931289T patent/DK1245733T3/da active
- 2000-05-26 DE DE60026989T patent/DE60026989T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-26 PT PT00931289T patent/PT1245733E/pt unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1990003466A1 (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-05 | Lithium Corporation Of America | Mass treatment of cellulosic materials |
US5120500A (en) * | 1989-02-11 | 1992-06-09 | Battelle-Institue E.V. | Process and device for nonpolluting mass deacidification of books and other paper products |
WO1991004800A1 (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1991-04-18 | Fmc Corporation | Book deacidification method and apparatus |
US5282320A (en) * | 1991-08-23 | 1994-02-01 | Fmc Corporation | Book drying process |
ES2125792A1 (es) * | 1996-01-05 | 1999-03-01 | Univ Catalunya Politecnica | Equipo y procedimiento para desacidifacion, desinfestacion y desinfeccion en masa de documentos y libros. |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1283300A2 (de) | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-12 | Peter Zitzmann | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entsäuren von Büchern |
EP1283300A3 (de) * | 2001-08-10 | 2004-10-13 | Peter Zitzmann | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entsäuren von Büchern |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2260014T3 (es) | 2006-11-01 |
ES2154592B1 (es) | 2001-10-16 |
US7211221B1 (en) | 2007-05-01 |
CA2375056C (en) | 2009-10-13 |
BR0011003A (pt) | 2002-04-02 |
MXPA01012273A (es) | 2003-06-24 |
DE60026989D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
DK1245733T3 (da) | 2006-06-06 |
AU4927100A (en) | 2000-12-18 |
EP1245733B1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
EP1245733A1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
PT1245733E (pt) | 2006-07-31 |
ATE321912T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
ES2154592A1 (es) | 2001-04-01 |
CA2375056A1 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
DE60026989T2 (de) | 2006-12-21 |
BR0011003B1 (pt) | 2011-11-29 |
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