WO2000068663A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur probenaufnahme an kryosubstraten - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur probenaufnahme an kryosubstraten Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000068663A1 WO2000068663A1 PCT/EP2000/004063 EP0004063W WO0068663A1 WO 2000068663 A1 WO2000068663 A1 WO 2000068663A1 EP 0004063 W EP0004063 W EP 0004063W WO 0068663 A1 WO0068663 A1 WO 0068663A1
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- cryosubstrate
- sample
- storage
- samples
- storage elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for taking samples on cryosubstrates, in particular a method for transferring samples in the cryopreserved or thawed state from a cryosubstrate to a target substrate.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing such a method and to a cryosubstrate that is functionally structured for taking samples.
- cryobanks for the preservation of biological cell material is generally known in cell biology, molecular biology or genetic engineering.
- the cell material is kept available for decades in a cryobank, for example suspended cells being frozen in clamp-volume containers filled with cryofluid (volume in the range from 0.1 to a few ml).
- cryofluid volume in the range from 0.1 to a few ml.
- numerous procedures have been developed which relate, for example, to the thawing time, media additions, container shapes and the like. Respectively.
- thawing survival rates in the range of a few percent up to 90% are achieved.
- the position of individual cell material samples in the volume of the cryofluid is unknown both during the freezing and during the thawing procedures.
- the material samples are in cryo- preserved, :: erge: r _ renen condition nicr.t accessible.
- it is of interest ⁇ aran for example to remove, measure or change individual cells from the cryopreserved material.
- the entire sample must be thawed. This requires a complex re-cultivation of the cell material to compensate for thawing losses.
- the cryopreserved material no longer only includes the originally preserved cells, but a mixture of daughter cells from different generations, which limits the specificity and reproducibility of cell examinations.
- a cell frozen at -196 ° S is in the state of a solid.
- the metabolic processes have come to a complete standstill down to the molecular level. Line changes result from slow restructuring (e.g. by ice crystal growth at temperatures above halo -60 ° C) and by damage due to cosmic radiation. The latter, however, has a rate of approx. 90% damage after 30,000 years.
- cells should therefore be measured, treated, changed, sorted and mechanically robustly manipulated in a time-tight manner and with the highest precision.
- this requires the individual handling of the cells in the cryogenic medium and the availability of tools for cell manipulation.
- Cooling procedures are also known from the preparation for electron microscopic images (see DG Robinson et al. In “Preparation Methodology in Electron Microscopy", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985).
- cryopreservation with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the cells, the molecular position of the cell components, which is as unchanged as possible, plays a decisive role in electron microscopy. Therefore, particularly fast freezing techniques are implemented in this preparation, which include, for example, shooting the sample into liquid or supercooled gases or spraying drops into a supercooled atmosphere and liquids. Cooling rates of more than 10,000 degrees per second are achieved enough, but because of the cell volume, the finite
- a general problem with cryopreservation is that not all cell types can be cryopreserved in the same way.
- larger objects cell clusters or the like
- cells with a high vacuole such as those that occur especially in plant sample material, are difficult or impossible to revitalize.
- the development of new micromjection and cell handling techniques and new cryoprotectants is aimed at these problems.
- a technique deviating from the above-described preservation in containers is based on freezing or thawing the cell material to be preserved in an adherent form on cooled surfaces (see, for example, T. Ohno et al. M "Cryotechnol.”, Volume 5, 1991, pp. 273 ff .).
- cryopreservation on cooled surfaces is more difficult to handle than the suspension principle, it has proven to be advantageous when examining the processes taking place during cryopreservation and when achieving high survival rates when thawing.
- the cryopreservation on substrate surfaces allows that boundary conditions of the respective procedure, such as surface temperature, hot conduction, line or drop size and the like.
- boundary conditions of the respective procedure such as surface temperature, hot conduction, line or drop size and the like.
- More precise and variable than m of the suspension of a cryogenic medium can be set and detected. This is used in particular in cryomicroscopy, where biological cells enclosed in solvent drops are fogged or sprayed onto frozen surfaces (see H. Plattner et al. M "Freeze-etchmg. Techniques and Application", publisher EL Benedetti et al ., "Soc. Franc. Microsc.
- cryopreservation on substrate surfaces consists in the fact that the position and arrangement of the cells cannot be controlled when misting or spraying and that even several drop and cell layers are placed one above the other.
- EP 804 073 An improvement in cryopreservation on substrate surfaces is described in EP 804 073.
- Biological cells are surrounded by a coating solution with a microdrop device in a predetermined manner on temperature-controlled substrates.
- the microdroplet shot which can be controlled in the manner of an inkjet printer, permits highly precise and reproducible positioning of individual material samples on the cryosubstrate.
- From EP 804 073 it is also known to structure the cryosubstrate by means of recesses in the form of a matrix, in order to enable certain procedures for cryopreservation or for thawing the substrate.
- the recesses are designed in particular for a directed depositing of the cells.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved method for taking samples on cryosubstances, which in particular allows selective picking up of predetermined samples or sample groups from a cryosubstrate.
- the object of the invention is also to provide devices for implementing such a method.
- a predetermined, selective sample pick-up takes place on a cryosubstrate with a large number of samples which are arranged at predetermined sample positions by position-specific, mechanical or thermal separation of the samples from the cryosubstrate and a transfer of the released samples to a target substrate.
- Sampling is understood here to mean generally any form of taking or taking samples, possibly with certain substrate parts.
- cryosubstrate any device that is suitable as a carrier for samples frozen on cooled surfaces is referred to here as a cryosubstrate (or: carrier substrate, substrate). It is used for sample preservation or storage.
- the cryosubstrate consists of a carrier material for linear or flat sample arrangement with a functional surface structuring explained in detail below.
- the carrier material consists of an inert material that can be structured with known mechanical or chemical processing means, such as plastic, ceramic, metal or semiconductor material.
- the cryosubstrate preferably forms a rigid, flat, flat or curved one Body, which is connected in a manner known per se to a temperature control device.
- the cryosubstrate can also consist of a flexible, film-like carrier material, for example of plastic.
- the carrier material is preferably formed in one piece with the surface structuring, but can also comprise a composition of the materials mentioned in certain embodiments.
- This composition can represent, for example, an electrically insulating base material with certain surface coatings, for example made of metal.
- a functional surface structuring for realizing the present invention is generally understood to mean any type of geometric or material change of the cryosubstrate, by means of which locally defined storage areas are created according to the specimen positions on the cryosubstrate, from which the respective specimen or specimens can be selectively removed without this entire cryosubstrate must be heated.
- the sample acquisition according to the invention therefore preferably takes place on cryosubstrates in the frozen operating state.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented with any samples that are deep-frozen (e.g. at the temperature of liquid nitrogen) on a cryosubstrate.
- the samples are made of biological materials such as e.g. biological cells or cell groups or cell components, each with a wrapping medium if necessary.
- the invention is also applicable to synthetic materials such as e.g. Vesicles, or applicable with compositions of biological and synthetic materials.
- the sample acquisition and transfer according to the invention takes place on a target substrate, which is used to denote generally any type of device for further handling or manipulation of the sample.
- a target substrate which is used to denote generally any type of device for further handling or manipulation of the sample.
- the target substrate Storage mechanical or chemical processing or examination of the sample.
- the target substrate can thus also be a cryosubstrate of another preservation system.
- a position-selective mechanical separation of samples from the cryosubstrate comprises separating predetermined storage elements with the respective samples or sample groups from the substrate. This separation is carried out using a suitable tool, preferably while maintaining the cryopreserved state of the samples. However, mechanical separation in the thawed sample state can also be provided.
- a thermal separation takes place according to a first embodiment of the invention by a position-specific increase in the substrate temperature in such a way that the corresponding sample is thawed and removed with a suitable tool (eg micropipette, picking needle) or that position-specific storage elements with preserved samples are thermally separated from the substrate become.
- a suitable tool eg micropipette, picking needle
- an electrical resistance heating or a radiation warning laser, microwave or the like
- freezing of the desired samples to a structured tool is provided, which provides greater adhesion of the frozen samples compared to the adhesion to a sample carrier.
- the invention also relates to a sample receiving or sample handling system for receiving and / or transferring samples from a cryosubstrate to a target substrate, such a system comprising in particular a functionally structured cryosubstrate, a separating device and a control device.
- the separating device serves as a separating device and / or as a receiver for the separated or released sample.
- a cryosubstrate is equipped with a functionally structured surface which comprises a multiplicity of storage elements (for example storage plates, storage films) which each hold a material sample and selectively mechanically or thermally separate the sample, optionally with a part of the storage element, are formed by the cryosubstrate.
- the dimensioning of the storage elements is selected depending on the application.
- a storage element can have characteristic dimensions of the order of magnitude of 1 cm "to 1 mm or even less.
- the separation of entire groups of samples from the cryosubstrate can also be provided.
- the invention has the advantage that, for the first time, the restrictions of cryopreservation on tempered substrate surfaces are overcome and selective processing of individual samples is made possible. This significantly increases the effectiveness of cell cryopreservation.
- the design of a cryosubstrate according to the invention is based on known, well-controllable structuring methods.
- the cryosubstrates can be manufactured from inexpensive material as single-use products.
- Another advantage concerns the automation capability of the overall system. By combining the sample acquisition with an image processing system, sample transfer from a cryosubstrate to one or more target substrates can be carried out automatically and independently of the operator.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic overview of an inventive device for taking samples on cryosubstrates, 2 em crypto substrate according to the invention with mechanically separable storage elements,
- Fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a
- Fig. 4 is an illustration of the transfer of individual
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of four storage elements according to FIG. 5,
- FIG. 8 shows another cryosubstrate according to the invention in the form of a flexible film
- FIG 9 shows another cryosubstrate according to the invention, which is designed for thermal sample separation
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a heating element according to FIG. 9, 11 shows an illustration of a further embodiment of the procedure according to the invention when using the cryosubstrate according to FIG. 9,
- FIG. 12 shows a schematic sectional view of a further embodiment of a cryosubstrate according to the invention with thermal separation of storage elements
- Fig. 13, 14 further surface structuring
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic sectional view of a cryosubstrate according to the invention with individually movable storage elements
- FIG. 17 shows an illustration of a further procedure for taking samples according to the invention.
- the invention is described below with reference to the handling of samples which consist, for example, of one or more biological cells with a coating solution drop and which have been cryopreserved at the temperature of the liquid nitrogen.
- the invention can be implemented in a corresponding manner with the further sample materials mentioned above. There is no restriction to a certain temperature range or a certain temperature regime when freezing, storing and thawing the samples. details These procedures are known per se and can be implemented by the person skilled in the art depending on the application.
- the device comprises in detail the cryosubstrate 100 with a multiplicity of storage elements 200, which are each designed for cryofixed storage of a sample 300, a separating device 400, an image recording device 500 and a control system 600.
- the cryosubstrate 100 can be tempered with a cooling or heating unit 101 m in a manner known per se and, if necessary, a storage device can be arranged movably with a mechanism (not shown).
- the separation device 400 is designed for the mechanical or thermal separation of samples from the cryosubstrate 100 and for the transfer of the separated samples to one or more target substrates 130.
- a drive unit 401 is provided for moving the separating device 400. Depending on the application, however, the separation device 400 can also be operated manually.
- the provision of the drive unit 401 is an optional feature of the invention, which is, however, advantageously implemented on the cryosubstrate, particularly in the case of automated sample collection processes.
- the image recording device 500 is designed to record an image of the surface of the cryosubstrate 100.
- An image evaluation known per se is provided in the control system 600, with which the recorded surface image m is evaluated in relation to the positions of the samples to be recorded.
- the drive unit 401 can then be activated as a function of the determined sample positions.
- the control unit 600 is also connected to the cooling or heating unit 101, the cryosubstrate 100 (in the case of thermal sample separation), a display 601 and, if appropriate, to the target substrates 130.
- an observation system such as a microscope, for visual observation of the
- Substrate surface may be provided.
- At least one separation device such as a pipette or needle head of a Pickmg robot can be moved over the cryosubstrate and actuated at the desired sample positions.
- a large number of separation devices can also be arranged and actuated in a matrix-like manner like a pipette matrix in a Pickmg robot.
- the cryosubstrate 100 comprises a substrate body 110 with a surface structuring formed by the storage elements 200.
- the substrate body 110 forms a rigid, flat body and consists of plastic (e.g. PMMA), ceramic (e.g. aluminum oxide and other sintered ceramics), metal (e.g. titanium, silver) or a semiconductor material (e.g. silicon). Ceramics and semiconductor materials have the advantage of good thermal properties, with high thermal conductivity being sought in particular for effective cooling.
- the storage elements 200 are arranged in rows and columns in a matrix-like manner. Depending on the application, modified geometries of the arrangement (e.g. circular, in groups or the like) can be implemented. In the embodiment shown, the storage elements 200 are formed by storage plates 210. Details of a storage plate 210 are illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the storage plates have the shape of a stamp or mushroom and comprise a carrier 211, starting from the substrate body 110 and having a small cross-section, the larger storage plate 212 on its side facing away from the substrate body 210 Cross-section.
- the placement plate 212 has a centrally arranged recess 213 for receiving the sample 300, which in the example shown comprises a frozen coating solution drop 310 with a cell 320.
- Reference numeral 321 refers to the schematically illustrated cell nucleus of cell 320.
- the shape and dimensions of the storage plate 210 are selected depending on the application, in particular taking into account the shape of the separating device (see below).
- the carrier 211 is designed with such a small cross-section that it forms a mechanical predetermined breaking point when the sample 300 is separated from the cryosubstrate according to the invention.
- the storage plate 212 is made thicker and wider, so that when the carrier 211 is separated there is no damage to the storage plate 212.
- the storage plate When using a fork-shaped separating device (see FIG. 4), the storage plate preferably has the rectangular shape shown. However, a round shape can also be provided, in particular if a capillary-shaped separating device is used for taking up the sample.
- the storage elements 200 are preferably formed in one piece with the substrate body 110 by means of a suitable structuring method.
- a suitable structuring method In the case of a silicon-based cryosubstrate, the procedure is, for example, as follows. First, the substrate body 110 with a thickness of approx. 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, for example on the basis of a wafer material, formed and provided with a Si0 2 layer (thickness approximately 0.1 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m). This SiO 2 layer is selectively etched in accordance with the intended spacing of the storage plates 212 (see FIG. 2), so that the Si material of the substrate body 110 is exposed between the storage elements 200 in accordance with the row and column shape. In these exposed areas, the teeth are undercut Cover layer, so that the stamp shape shown forms.
- the cut-off device 400 shown in detail has at its end facing the cryosubstrate 100 a cantilever 410 with a fork-shaped cut-off tool 411.
- the cut-off device 400 can be moved manually or with the drive unit 401 (see FIG. 1) in relation to the cryosubstrate 100 m in all three spatial directions become.
- the cantilever 410 is oriented perpendicularly or obliquely to the substrate surface.
- the separating tool 411 extends essentially parallel to the substrate surface and comprises two prong-like projections which are designed to engage under a storage plate 210 and to separate (break off) from the substrate body 110 when a certain tensile or shear force is exerted.
- the separating force can, as shown, be a mechanical leverage or alternatively by exerting a vacuum on the respective storage element, e.g. with a micropipette.
- the sample is taken with the steps moving the separating device 400 to the desired substrate position (arrow A), breaking off or separating the storage plate 210 (arrow B), transferring the recorded samples (with the storage element) to the target substrate 130 (arrow C) and storage and / or further manipulation of the sample on the target substrate 130.
- a gap 113 results in the cryosubstrate 100 'corresponding to the sample taken.
- the separating device 400 itself is cooled and / or the transfer takes place by blowing up a cold nitrogen stream.
- a modified (not shown) configuration of the separation Direction 400 has this sleeve-shaped cutting tool
- the functionally structured surface of the cryosubstrate has plastic film pieces arranged in a line or matrix-like manner as storage elements, each of which is glued flat to the substrate body like an adhesive strip.
- the pieces of film have a size which is selected depending on the application, such as, for example, the storage plates 210 according to FIG. 2.
- a suitable stripping tool with a cutting edge or blade is used to hold the sample, which grips under the desired piece of film at the edge and pulls it off the cryosubstrate with the sample.
- the film is glued to the substrate body with a suitable adhesive. Adherent adhesion of the film without an adhesive is also possible.
- the entire substrate body can also be covered with a flat film, from which individual pieces are cut out for selective sample taking, as will be explained with reference to FIG. 8.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of a cryosubstrate 100 according to the invention with a surface-structured substrate body 110, the surface of which has recesses 112 with a wedge-shaped cross section that are embossed or undercut in such a way that self-supporting storage tongues 214 are formed as storage plates 210.
- Each storage tongue is designed to receive one or (as shown) several samples 300.
- An enlarged representation of the storage tongues 214 is shown in FIG. 6.
- Each storage tongue is structured with three recesses 213, in each of which a cell sample 320 is arranged.
- the storage tongues 214 have a predetermined breaking point at their end facing the substrate body 110, at which the separation again takes place when a suitable tool is used.
- the separating device is preferably in turn equipped with a fork-shaped separating tool or also with a gripping or clamping tool or a suction device for receiving the storage tongues 214.
- cryosubstrate when using semiconductor material, again preferably takes place by anisotropic etching of the recesses 112 (under-etching of the placement tongues 214).
- the letters A-D in FIG. 6 indicate a possibility of marking the individual storage elements of the cryosubstrate hm.
- the marking facilitates the orientation of the operator when viewing the cryosubstrate through an microscope and possibly also an image evaluation in the control system 600 (see FIG. 1).
- the group-wise recording of a sample or a plurality of samples from a cryosubstrate 100 is illustrated in FIG. 7 in a schematic side view (upper part of the figure) and top view (lower part of the figure).
- the cryosubstrate 100 for example in the form of a wafer, has a structuring m in the form of linear taper 215 on its surface, which subdivide the substrate surface in segments 216 arranged in rows and columns.
- the tapers 215 form predetermined breaking points, which allow selective separation of individual samples or sample groups in a row or column arrangement.
- the black filled areas schematically illustrate depressions 213 corresponding to the depressions 213 of the storage plates 212 or the storage tabs 214. Each recess 213 is in turn to
- the tapering 215 is formed by a suitable structuring method, e.g. by etching, milling or the like.
- Reference numeral 217 relates to a schematically drawn area which is used for cryopreservation on the cryosubstrate 100.
- FIG. 8 A further embodiment, in which a mechanical separation of a substrate part on which a sample is deposited is provided, is illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the cryosubstrate 100 is formed by a substrate film 120.
- the surface structuring (not shown) of the substrate film 120 comprises a circular or frame-shaped dividing line at each provided sample position, at which a preferred severing of the substrate film 120 takes place, and / or a grid-shaped marking network by printing on sample positions.
- it is provided to separate the substrate film 120 around the desired sample with the separating device 400 and to transfer the sample with the cutout of the substrate film to the target substrate.
- the separating device 400 is a cutting device or, as shown by way of example, an optical means in the form of a laser beam 413 focused on the substrate film 120.
- the laser beam 413 allows the cutting of the substrate along the cutting line 121 like a mechanical cutting device a transducer, e.g. with a micropipette charged with a vacuum, picked up and transferred to the target substrate.
- the cryosubstrate 100 has storage elements 200 m in the form of a plurality of heating elements 230 arranged in rows and columns, each of which has a heating area 231, a ground connection 232 designed for all heating elements 230 and a control connection 233.
- the heating area 231, the ground connection 232 and the control connection 233 are shown enlarged in FIG. 10.
- These components in turn form a functional structuring on the surface of the cryosubstrate 100, in which a sample storage at certain sample positions corresponding to the position of the heating areas 231 and a thermal sample separation with electrical current flow through the respective heating elements 230 are provided.
- the substrate material consists for example of plastic or ceramic.
- the heating elements 230 can be formed from any suitable, preferably inert, conductive material (e.g. platinum).
- the rows of ground connections 232 are preferably electrically connected to one another via a ground line 234 surrounding the entire cryosubstrate 100.
- Each of the heating elements 230 in turn has characteristic dimensions in the cm to mm range, but can also be made substantially smaller to m in the um range.
- the respective heating area 231 is formed by a narrow, preferably differently shaped conductor strip, which heats up when current flows between the control connection 233 and the ground connection 232.
- the control connection 233 is designed as a touch pad, which can be acted upon by placing a movable electrode (see below) with a voltage in order to achieve the desired heating current through the heating region 211.
- the selective thermal sample separation is also illustrated in the schematic perspective view according to FIG. 11.
- FIG. 11 again shows the substrate 100 with the substrate body 110, which carries the heating elements 230 arranged in rows and columns.
- the ground connections 232 are all connected to the negative pole of a heating current source 421.
- the positive pole of the heating current source 421 is connected to a probe electrode 422 of the separation device 420, which is otherwise only shown schematically in dashed lines, for the position-selective thermal release of samples from the cryosubstrate 100.
- the sensing electrode 422 is movable with the separating device 420 or separately from it in relation to the cryosubstrate 100.
- Placing the probe electrode 422 on a respective control connection 234 of a heating element 230 provides a current flow and thus a heating of the heating area 231, so that the sample (not shown) positioned on the heating area 231 thaws partially or completely from the substrate and is taken up with the separating device 420 can be.
- This preferably has the shape of a micropipette.
- the tactile principle illustrated in FIG. 11 can be modified as follows. It can be provided that, instead of the individual probe tip 422, a group of probe tips is set up to release a group of samples according to a predetermined pattern. Furthermore, a plug principle can be implemented instead of the tact principle. It is also possible to provide a common ground connection, separate from the connections of the other rows, for each heating element row and a common control connection, separate from the connections of the other columns, for each heating element column. With this design, the sample is released in such a way that the heating current source 421 is connected to a control device with a pair of rows and columns whose crossing point corresponds exactly to the position of the desired sample. FIG.
- the cryosubstrate 100 comprises the substrate body 110 and, as surface structuring, the storage elements 200 m in the form of electrically detachable storage plates 220.
- Each storage plate 220 comprises a carrier 221 and a storage plate 222.
- the storage plate 222 is, as in the embodiments described above, with a recess 223 for receiving the Provide sample 300.
- Each carrier 221 comprises a separating element 224 and a connecting element 225 which is separated from the substrate body 110 by the separating element 224.
- the separating element 224 consists, for example, of electrically conductive components which, when heated as a result of the flow of current, melt or decompose or at least allow the deposit plate 222 to be separated from the substrate body 110.
- the substrate body 110 is made entirely or partially of metal and is provided with an electrical connection 117 which is electrically connected to all the separating elements 224 on the substrate side.
- Each connection element 225 is provided with its own electrical control connection 226. If a connection element 117, 226 of a particular storage element 220 is now subjected to a voltage, the current flow through the separating element 224 causes it to melt or soften, so that the affected storage element 200 is picked up with a suitable tool (see, for example, FIG. 4) and used for Target substrate can be transported. This is illustrated in the lower part of FIG. 12.
- the separating element 224 preferably consists of a material which changes as a result of the current flow (for example a dissolving material), such as a base metal (aluminum or the like), a gel etc. and has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
- a dissolving material such as a base metal (aluminum or the like), a gel etc. and has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 m Modifications of a functional cryosubstrate with surface-integrated heating elements that can be controlled individually according to the sample positions are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 m illustrated in schematic plan view.
- the substrate body 110 of the cryosubstrate 100 carries straight electrode strips 240, which alternately comprise areas of reduced electrical conductivity 241 and areas of increased electrical conductivity 242.
- the electrode strips have a characteristic width that corresponds to the typical transverse dimension of the storage area of the cryopreserved samples.
- the samples 300 are arranged in the areas 241 of reduced electrical conductivity.
- the areas of increased electrical conductivity 242, on the other hand, form push-button connections or supply points for a heating current.
- the sample taking according to the invention applies two areas of increased electrical conductivity 242 with a heating voltage.
- the current flow between the two controlled areas provides heating in the area of reduced electrical conductivity 241 between the controlled areas 242, so that the sample located there is released.
- Several sample areas can also be included, as illustrated by arrows 243, 244, which represent two electrical probe electrodes, each of which is connected to the connections of a heating current source.
- the strip design according to FIG. 13 thus also enables the release of sample groups arranged in rows.
- the sample is then taken up again with a suitable tool, such as a micropipette or a Pickmg needle, on the tip of which the sample adheres.
- FIG. 14 shows a modification of the illustrated principle of depositing the samples on substrate areas of lower electrical conductivity, which are electrically connected to adjacent areas of increased electrical conductivity, using the example of a cryosubstrate 100 with a large number of openings 115 in the substrate body 100 Breakthroughs correspond to the desired sample storage positions.
- the openings 115 have a smaller diameter compared to the characteristic cross-sectional dimensions of the samples to be deposited (e.g. for depositing biological cells less than 100 ⁇ m).
- the openings 115 are provided on both sides of the substrate body 100 with a coating which forms a region of reduced electrical conductivity 246. The coatings on both sides of the substrate are electrically connected to one another.
- the substrate body 100 is provided on both sides of the substrate with a coating which forms one or more areas of increased electrical conductivity 247.
- the areas 247 allow control of individual storage positions (247a) or of sample groups (247b).
- the electrically conductive, preferably metallic coating for forming the areas 247 at the desired positions is cut depending on the application (application of slot-shaped interruptions or the like).
- FIG. 15 Another embodiment of a functionally structured cryosubstrate 100 for selective sampling is shown enlarged in a schematic side view in FIG. 15.
- the substrate body 110 of the cryosubstrate has a multiplicity of openings 115 which are arranged in rows and columns, for example in a matrix-like manner, in accordance with the desired sample storage.
- the storage elements 200 are formed in this imple mentation form by movable storage ram 250, which are each slidably arranged one of the openings.
- Each storage plunger 250 consists of a support rod 251 and a storage plate 252, which is optionally provided with a recess (corresponding to the recess according to 213 according to FIG. 2 or 3) or with a surface structure according to FIG. 16 (see below).
- the storage plates 252 are provided for receiving the cryopreserved samples 300 which, in the example shown, in turn comprise a coating solution drop 310 with a biological cell 320.
- all the plungers 250 m sit the corresponding openings 115 in such a way that the platen 252 rests on the surface of the substrate body 110.
- the length of the rod elements 251 is greater than the thickness of the substrate body 110, so that the rod elements 251 protrude on the underside of the substrate in the initial state.
- sample-specific or group-wise sampling For selective (sample-specific) or group-wise sampling, individual or groups of storage plungers 250 are now mechanically lifted from the back of the cryosubstrate 100 from the substrate plane. This state is illustrated for four storage pushers in the lower part of FIG. 15. The advanced plungers 250 can then be lifted off with a suitable severing or gripping tool, as described, for example, above with reference to FIG Target substrate to be transferred. The cryopreserved state of the samples can be maintained.
- the substrate is structured at the sample placement positions, so that the contact area between the substrate and the sample is enlarged or modified in order to set the desired retention forces. Examples of such structures are shown in FIG. 16.
- a nano- or micro-structured roughening 261 is provided on the surface of the substrate body 110.
- This roughening 261 is generated, for example, by chemical treatment or a laser treatment of the substrate and serves for better adhesion of the sample 300.
- an extremely smooth surface is provided, which is for example formed by a polished region 262. Within the polished, if necessary partially hydrophobicized area 262, the sample 300 can also be slightly shifted or separated from the substrate even in the deep-frozen state. This makes it easier to change the position or take up the sample on the cryosubstrate.
- the sample is deposited 300 m in a trough 263, which serves both for improved anchoring to the substrate and also for protection against the tools, for example, when adjacent samples are separated.
- the structure 260 of the substrate can also comprise a profiled opening 264 according to partial image d.
- the opening 264 has a smaller diameter than the biological cell 320 contained in the sample 300.
- the coating solution drops 310 can at least partially penetrate the opening 264, the sample is particularly firmly anchored in the cryopreserved state.
- the partial picture e illustrates further substrate profiles. Milling in the shape of a bowl or trench, which serve to influence the drop shape during the freezing process and / or to firmly anchor the sample to the substrate.
- FIG. 17 shows a further variant of a sample taking according to the invention on cryosubstrates, which is used in particular to generate sample patterns on the cryosubstrate.
- the uppermost image of FIG. 17 shows an arbitrary sample carrier 140 which carries a large number of samples 300 at normal temperature (liquid state of the samples 300).
- Each sample 300 consists, for example, of a coating solution drop 310 and two cells 320.
- the sample pattern on the sample carrier 140 is generated, for example, with a Pickmg robot using micropipettes.
- a frozen cryosubstrate 100 is placed on the samples 300 (central image in FIG. 17), so that the samples 300 freeze.
- the cryosubstrate 100 has structures 260 for increasing the adhesion on the surface facing the samples, as are explained, for example, in FIG. 16.
- the sample holder 140 on the other hand, has a smooth, preferably polished surface. During the freezing process, the samples 300 therefore adhere more strongly to the cryosubstrate 100 than to the sample carrier 140 and can thus be lifted off with the cryosubstrate 100 (bottom part of FIG. 17).
- the method illustrated in FIG. 17 has the advantage of a defined freezing process (cryoprocess) for all samples.
- the drops have a planar surface after adhering to the cryosubstrate, which is particularly advantageous for microscopic observation.
- a cryosubstrate according to the invention can, depending on the application, be adapted to specific measuring tasks with regard to its material, shape, size and surface configuration.
- the cryosubstrate consists of an inert material suitable for NMR investigations and that its size and shape are adapted to the particular available NMR measuring devices.
- labeling of cryosubstrates or their parts e.g. In the form of barcodes, color codes, optically detectable patterns or electro-magnetic markings (transponders) can be provided. This advantageously enables automatic detection of predetermined samples on certain storage elements or the detection of the specific positions from which samples are to be taken.
- cryosubstrates which are designed for the position-specific separation of cryosubstrate can contain magnetic material. Magnetic storage elements can simply be gripped with a magnet at the end of a corresponding receiving device and transferred to the respective target substrate.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00931126A EP1177422B1 (de) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur probenaufnahme an kryosubstraten |
AT00931126T ATE282196T1 (de) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur probenaufnahme an kryosubstraten |
US10/009,911 US6646238B1 (en) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-05 | Method and device for a accomodating samples on cryosubstrates |
DE50008602T DE50008602D1 (de) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur probenaufnahme an kryosubstraten |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19921236A DE19921236C2 (de) | 1999-05-07 | 1999-05-07 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Probenaufnahme an Kryosubstraten |
DE19921236.8 | 1999-05-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000068663A1 true WO2000068663A1 (de) | 2000-11-16 |
Family
ID=7907404
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/004063 WO2000068663A1 (de) | 1999-05-07 | 2000-05-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur probenaufnahme an kryosubstraten |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6646238B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1177422B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE282196T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19921236C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000068663A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10335504A1 (de) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-03-10 | Leo Elektronenmikroskopie Gmbh | Präparathalter |
US20110277486A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2011-11-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Cryogenic storage device comprising a transponder |
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EP1340062B1 (de) * | 2000-12-07 | 2012-10-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kryospeicherung |
DE10251722A1 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Träger für eine Probenkammer, insbesondere zur Kryokonservierung biologischer Proben |
DE10251669B3 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Kapillarsubstrat zur Tieftemperaturspeicherung von Suspensionsproben |
DE10251668A1 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-05-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Tieftemperaturspeicherung von Suspensionsproben in hängenden Probenkammern |
DE10251721B4 (de) * | 2002-11-06 | 2006-06-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Beschickung von Probenkammern mit Suspensionsproben |
DE10328869A1 (de) | 2003-06-26 | 2005-01-20 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Probenaufnahmeeinrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
JP4574328B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-10 | 2010-11-04 | キヤノン株式会社 | 試料温度調整装置 |
DE102005007793B4 (de) * | 2005-02-14 | 2013-03-07 | Lim Laserinstitut Mittelsachsen Gmbh | Verfahren zum sowohl Herausarbeiten als auch Herauslösen freigeformter Körper mit Laserstrahlen mindestens eines Lasers aus für die verwendete Laserwellenlänge transparenten Materialblöcken |
US7628973B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2009-12-08 | Touchstone Research Laboratory, Ltd. | Simultaneous production of high density carbon foam sections |
US8383378B2 (en) * | 2005-10-10 | 2013-02-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Micro-bubble plate for patterning biological and non-biological materials |
DE102008016217A1 (de) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von gefrorenen biologischen Partikeln |
DE102011122607B4 (de) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-08-29 | Stiftung Caesar Center Of Advanced European Studies And Research | Verfahren zum Extrahieren einer Probe aus einem tiefgeforenen Substrat und Befestigen der Probe an einem Probenhalter in einem Elektronenmikroskop |
CN108719273A (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 于李佳 | 活体细胞玻璃化冷冻、复苏的自动承载装置及其操作系统 |
CN108575988A (zh) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-09-28 | 北京臻溪谷医学研究中心(有限合伙) | 用于细胞玻璃化冷冻的承载装置及其自动操作系统 |
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1999
- 1999-05-07 DE DE19921236A patent/DE19921236C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-05 US US10/009,911 patent/US6646238B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-05 EP EP00931126A patent/EP1177422B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-05 WO PCT/EP2000/004063 patent/WO2000068663A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-05-05 DE DE50008602T patent/DE50008602D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-05 AT AT00931126T patent/ATE282196T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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EP0804073A1 (de) * | 1994-10-26 | 1997-11-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Kryokonservierung und tieftemperaturbearbeitung von biologischen objekten |
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US20110277486A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2011-11-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Cryogenic storage device comprising a transponder |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19921236A1 (de) | 2000-11-30 |
EP1177422A1 (de) | 2002-02-06 |
DE50008602D1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
ATE282196T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
DE19921236C2 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
EP1177422B1 (de) | 2004-11-10 |
US6646238B1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
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