WO2000063356A2 - Traitement de semences par herbicides - Google Patents

Traitement de semences par herbicides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000063356A2
WO2000063356A2 PCT/EP2000/003451 EP0003451W WO0063356A2 WO 2000063356 A2 WO2000063356 A2 WO 2000063356A2 EP 0003451 W EP0003451 W EP 0003451W WO 0063356 A2 WO0063356 A2 WO 0063356A2
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Prior art keywords
ppo
seed
seeds
herbicide
plant
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PCT/EP2000/003451
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English (en)
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WO2000063356A3 (fr
Inventor
Carroll Moseley
Rakesh Jain
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Syngenta Participations Ag
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Priority to AU53920/00A priority Critical patent/AU5392000A/en
Publication of WO2000063356A2 publication Critical patent/WO2000063356A2/fr
Publication of WO2000063356A3 publication Critical patent/WO2000063356A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
    • C12N15/8209—Selection, visualisation of transformants, reporter constructs, e.g. antibiotic resistance markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
    • C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
    • C12N15/8274—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for herbicide resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of seed treatment, in particular to herbicidal compounds applied as seed treatment.
  • seed treatments are used to select seeds tolerant to the herbicide.
  • transgenic crops The size of the acreage planted with transgenic crops has greatly expanded in the last few years and transgenes are being bred into an increasingly large number of elite lines in different crops. This requires efficient ways to follow the transgene, for example during the various steps leading to a commercial variety, such as breeding processes, or to assure the purity of transgenic seeds during inbred or hybrid seeds production. This can be done using molecular analysis methods, such as Southern blot analysis or PCR amplification, or immunological detection methods. However, such methods require harvesting plant material, bringing it to a laboratory and carrying out the analysis, which is time consuming, expensive and subject to errors, such as detecting false positives or missing the detection of false negatives.
  • transgenic plants comprise a trait conferring upon the plant tolerance to a herbicide, alone or in combination with another transgenic trait.
  • the herbicide tolerance trait often co-segregates with the other transgenic trait and can be used to select plants comprising the transgene in the field and to eliminate non-transgenic plants without relying upon molecular analysis.
  • this usually requires planting seeds on large acreages and growing and spraying plants with high amounts of the herbicide in order to be able to efficiently select plants tolerant to the herbicide. This is also expensive, time consuming and often environmentally unfriendly.
  • a feature of the invention is the use of a seed treatment comprising a PPO herbicide.
  • PPO herbicides are well-suited to select tolerant seeds when incorporated in a seed treatment composition and applied to seeds prior to planting.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the early growth of herbicide sensitive seeds is inhibited, whereas herbicide tolerant seeds grow unhindered.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that, by following the teachings of the present invention, there is no need to carry out molecular or immunologicai analysis of plant material or to spray plants with the herbicide.
  • the present invention therefore discloses an inexpensive, easy to implement, quick and reliable way to select herbicide tolerant seeds and plants.. The burden on the environment is also reduced due to the low rates of active ingredient required in an application as seed treatment.
  • the present invention is particularly useful in the various steps leading to commercial seed production, such as for example backcrossing the PPO tolerance trait into elite lines or for inbred or hybrid seed production.
  • the present invention is also useful for the identification of homozygous progeny of a transformed line or for seed amplification of a transformed homozygous line.
  • the present invention therefore encompasses seed treatment compositions comprising a PPO herbicide, methods of treating seeds with compositions of the present invention, seeds treated with such seed treatment compositions and methods of using such seeds.
  • the present invention thus provides:
  • a method for selecting plants tolerant to a PPO herbicide comprising applying to a population of seeds a seed treatment comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the early growth of a seed sensitive to said PPO herbicide, placing said population of seeds under conditions sufficient for germination, and selecting plants that grow.
  • the population of seeds is obtained from a cross, wherein one of the parents in the cross is a PPO herbicide tolerant plant.
  • the population of seeds is obtained from the self-pollination of a PPO herbicide tolerant plant.
  • seed tolerant to a PPO herbicide comprises a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a PPO, preferably under the control of a promoter capable of directing the expression of said heterologous polynucleotide in said seed tolerant to a PPO herbicide or in emerging seedlings derived from said seed tolerant to a PPO herbicide.
  • the heterologous polynucleotide encodes a PPO herbicide tolerant PPO, preferably derived from a bacterium.
  • the heterologous polynucleotide encodes a modified PPO, preferably derived from a plant, preferably Arabidopsis.
  • the population of seeds is derived from a monocotyledonous plant, preferably selected from the group consisting of maize, wheat, sorghum, rye, oats, turf grass, rice and barley.
  • the population of seeds is derived from a dicotyledonous plant, preferably selected from the group consisting of soybean, cotton, tobacco, sugar beet and oilseed rape.
  • the step of applying to said population of seeds a seed treatment comprises soaking said population of seeds in a composition comprising a PPO herbicide or coating seeds of said population with a composition comprising a PPO herbicide.
  • a PPO herbicide is selected from the group consisting of an aryluracil, a diphenylether, an oxadiazole, an imide, a phenyl pyrazole, a pyridyl pyrazole and an other heterocyclyl pyrazole derivative, a pyridyl amide derivative, a 3-substituted-2- aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole, a phenopylate and O-phenylpyrrolidino- and O- phenylpiperidinocarbamate analogs of said phenopylate.
  • a PPO herbicide is a N-phenyl-uracil, more preferably benzoic acid 2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-py ⁇ imidinyl]- 1,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl ester (9CI, proposed common name: butafenacil).
  • the present invention further provides:
  • a treated seed comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the early growth of a PPO herbicide sensitive seed.
  • the seed is derived from a monocotyledonous plant, preferably selected from the group consisting of maize, wheat, sorghum, rye, oats, turf grass, rice and barley.
  • the seed is derived from a dicotyledonous plant, preferably selected from the group consisting of soybean, cotton, tobacco, sugar beet and oilseed rape.
  • a PPO herbicide is selected from the group consisting of an aryluracil, a diphenylether, an oxadiazole, an imide, a phenyl pyrazole, a pyridyl pyrazole and an other heterocyclyl pyrazole derivative, a pyridyl amide derivative, a 3-substituted-2- aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole, a phenopylate and O-phenylpyrrolidino- and O- phenylpiperidinocarbamate analogs of said phenopylate.
  • a PPO herbicide is a group consisting of an aryluracil, a diphenylether, an oxadiazole, an imide, a phenyl pyrazole, a pyridyl pyrazole and an other heterocyclyl pyrazole derivative, a pyridyl amide derivative,
  • N-phenyl-uracil more preferably benzoic acid 2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-
  • the present invention further provides:
  • a composition comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the early growth of a PPO herbicide sensitive seed, wherein said composition is applied to a seed as a seed treatment.
  • a PPO herbicide is selected from the group consisting of an aryluracil, a diphenylether, an oxadiazole, an imide, a phenyl pyrazole, a pyridyl pyrazole and an other heterocyclyl pyrazole derivative, a pyridyl amide derivative, a 3-substituted-2- aryl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazole, a phenopylate and O-phenylpyrrolidino- and O- phenylpiperidinocarbamate analogs of said phenopylate.
  • a PPO herbicide is a group consisting of an aryluracil, a diphenylether, an oxadiazole, an imide, a phenyl pyrazole, a pyridyl pyrazole and an other heterocyclyl pyrazole derivative, a pyridyl amide derivative,
  • N-phenyl-uracil more preferably benzoic acid 2-chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-
  • the amount of a PPO herbicide is between 1 and 160 g ai/ kg seed, preferably between 2 and 40 g ai/ kg seed, more preferably between 5 and 20 g ai/ kg seed.
  • a composition of the present invention further comprises additional ingredients, such as formulations (dry flowables (DF), liquid flowables (LF), true liquids (TL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dusts (D), wettable powders (W P) and the like), adhesives, carriers, surfactants, application-promoting adjuvants or other ingredients customarily employed in the art of formulation.
  • additional ingredients such as formulations (dry flowables (DF), liquid flowables (LF), true liquids (TL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dusts (D), wettable powders (W P) and the like), adhesives, carriers, surfactants, application-promoting adjuvants or other ingredients customarily employed in the art of formulation.
  • composition of the present invention further comprises other herbicides or insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides or mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention further provides:
  • a method comprising applying to a seed a composition of the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides:
  • a method for producing PPO tolerant seeds comprising a) producing PPO tolerant plants by transforming plants with a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a PPO b) crossing two plants by pollinating a recipient plant with pollen from a donor plant, wherein at least one of the two plants is tolerant to PPO herbicide c) allowing the pollinated plant to set seeds d) harvesting said seeds; and, optionally e) testing for PPO tolerance by applying a seed treatment comprising a PPO herbicide to seeds resulting from each cross.
  • the donor plant and the recipient plant are identical, i.e. are from a self-pollinating species.
  • the donor plant and the recipient plant are from a cross- pollinating species.
  • the donor and/or the recipient plant are from an elite line or from a line for inbred or hybrid seed production.
  • “Early growth” means herein the developmental stages of plant growth, preferably from the planting of the seed through the germination of the seeds and up to the appearance of the cotyledons or first true leaves.
  • Expression refers to the transcription and/or translation of an endogenous gene or a transgene in plants.
  • expression may refer to the transcription of the antisense DNA only.
  • “Expression cassette” as used herein means a DNA molecule designed so that a polynucleotide of interest inserted herein can be transcribed and, optionally translated, in an appropriate host cell.
  • the expression cassette typically comprises regulatory elements, such as a promoter capable of directing expression of the polynucleotide operably linked to the polynucleotide.
  • the polynucleotide optionally may be operably linked to 3' sequences, such as 3 untranslated regions (3'UTR), e.g. 3' regulatory sequences or termination signals, and 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR).
  • the expression cassette also may comprise additional sequences required for proper translation of a coding sequence comprised in the polynucleotide, such as e.g.
  • the expression cassette comprising the polynucleotide of interest may be chimeric, meaning that at least one of its components is heterologous with respect to at least one of its other components.
  • the expression cassette may also be one which is naturally occurring but has been obtained in a recombinant form useful for heterologous expression. Typically, however, the expression cassette is heterologous with respect to the host, i.e., the particular DNA sequence of the expression cassette does not occur naturally in the host cell and must have been introduced into the host cell or an ancestor of the host cell.
  • the expression of the polynucleotide in the expression cassette may be under the control of a constitutive promoter or of an inducible promoter which initiates transcription only when the host cell is exposed to some particular stimulus.
  • the promoter can also be specific to a particular tissue or organ or stage of development.
  • a nuclear expression cassette is usually inserted into the nuclear genome of a plant and is capable of directing the expression of a particular polynucleotide from the nuclear genome of said plant.
  • a plastid expression cassette is usually inserted in to the plastid genome of a plant and is capable of directing the expression of a particular polynucleotide from the plastid genome of said plant.
  • a promoter capable of directing the expression of a particular polynucleotide from the plastid genome of said plant is a promoter recognized by a RNA polymerase normally present in plastids, such as a nuclear-encoded polymerase or a plastid-encoded polymerase, or is a transactivator- mediated promoter.
  • a plastid transgene comprises one gene transcribed from a single promoter.
  • Gene refers to a coding sequence and associated regulatory sequences wherein the coding sequence is transcribed into RNA such as mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, sense RNA or antisense RNA.
  • regulatory sequences are promoter sequences, 5' and 3' untranslated sequences and termination sequences. Further elements that may be present are, for example, introns.
  • Herbicide is a chemical substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of plants, plant cells, plant seeds, or plant tissues.
  • a preferred herbicide is a chemical substance that inhibits the enzymatic activity of protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) in a plant and is referred herein as a "PPO herbicide”.
  • PPO herbicide protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase
  • Heterologous as used herein means "of different natural origin” or represents a non- natural state. For example, if a host cell is transformed with a polynucleotide derived from another organism, particularly from another species, that polynucleotide is heterologous with respect to that host cell and also with respect to descendants of the host cell which carry that gene.
  • heterologous refers to a polynucleotide derived from and inserted into the same natural, original cell type, but which is present in a non-natural state, e.g. a different copy number, under the control of different regulatory elements or at a different genomic location.
  • a transforming polynucleotide may comprise a heterologous coding sequence, or heterologous regulatory elements.
  • the transforming polynucleotide may be completely heterologous or may comprise any possible combination of heterologous and endogenous polynucleotides.
  • “Operably linked” refers to two DNA sequences that are related physically or functionally, for example such that one of the DNA sequences affects expression of the other.
  • a “plant” refers to any plant or part of a plant at any stage of development, such as e.g. fruits, leaves, stems, seeds, or roots. Therein are also included cuttings, cell or tissue cultures. As used in conjunction with the present invention, the term “plant” includes, but is not limited to, whole plants, plant cells, plant organs, plant tissues, protoplasts, callus, cell cultures, and any groups of plant cells organized into structural and/or functional units.
  • PPO protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase
  • PPO herbicide sensitive seed or plant refers preferably to a non-transgenic seed or plant, preferably from the same species as a PPO herbicide tolerant seed or plant of the present invention.
  • Promoter DNA sequence that initiates transcription of an associated DNA sequence may also include elements that act as regulators of gene expression such as activators, enhancers, and/or repressors.
  • Regulatory elements refer to DNA sequences involved in the expression of a polynucleotide. Regulatory elements comprise a promoter operably linked to the polynucleotide of interest, and may also include 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) or termination signals. They also typically encompass sequences required for proper translation of the polynucleotide, such as, e.g., ribosome binding sites.
  • UTR 5' and 3' untranslated regions
  • PPO herbicide tolerant seeds or plants are generally transgenic.
  • Transoenic means plants containing a heterologous DNA or polynucleotide that preferably comprises a suitable promoter operatively linked to the DNA or polynucleotide of interest.
  • a transgenic plant may for example comprise a heterologous polynucleotide that confers upon the plant tolerance to a PPO herbicide.
  • the present invention discloses for the first time the use of a seed treatment comprising a PPO herbicide, preferably to select plants tolerant to the PPO herbicide.
  • Herbicides are generally not widely used in seed treatments and, more particularly, herbicides are not used as seed treatment to select plants tolerant to the herbicide.
  • PPO herbicides are effective at selecting tolerant plants when applied as a seed treatment as described in the present invention.
  • the application of a PPO herbicide as a seed treatment according to the present invention provides a simple, inexpensive and reliable way to select plants tolerant to PPO herbicides.
  • the present invention therefore offers a significant improvement over existing methods to select herbicide tolerant plants which are based upon the use of costly and work intensive molecular or immunological analysis to select tolerant plants or which require spraying large acreages of plants with high amounts of herbicide.
  • compositions comprising a PPO herbicide, methods of treating seeds with compositions of the present invention, seeds treated with a seed treatment compositions of the present invention and methods of using such seeds.
  • PPO herbicides affect plants by inhibiting the activity the enzyme protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase. This leads to the accumulation of protoporphyrinogen IX in the chloroplast. This accumulation is thought to lead to leakage of protoporphyrinogen IX into the cytosol where it is oxidized by a peroxidase activity to protoporphyrin IX.
  • protoporphy ⁇ ' n IX can cause formation of singlet oxygen in the cytosol. This singlet oxygen can in turn lead to the formation of other reactive oxygen species, which can cause lipid peroxidation and membrane disruption leading to rapid cell death (Lee et al., Plant Physiol. 702: 881 (1993)).
  • PPO herbicides are shown in the present invention to have full efficacy to inhibit the early growth of sensitive seeds without significantly affecting the growth of tolerant seeds.
  • PPO herbicides include many different structural classes of molecules (Duke et al., Weed Sci. 39: 465 (1991); Nandihalli etal., Pesticide Biochem. Physiol. 43: 193 (1992); Matringe etal., FEBS Lett. 245: 35 (1989); Yanase and Andoh, Pesticide Biochem. Physiol. 35: 70 (1989)), including the diphenylethers ⁇ e.g.
  • the diphenylethers of particular significance are those having the general formula
  • R equals -COONa (Formula II, acifluorfen-sodium), -CONHSO 2 CH 3 (Formula III fomesafen) or -COOCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 (Formula IV, fluoroglycof en-ethyl; see Maigrot etal., Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds: 47-51 (1989)). Additional diphenylethers of interest are those where R equals:
  • An additional diphenylether of interest is one having the formula:
  • a further diphenylether of interest is one having the formula:
  • R H, Cl or F
  • R 2 equals Cl
  • R 3 is an optionally substituted ether, thioether, ester, amino or alkyl group.
  • R 2 and R 3 together may form a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring.
  • imide herbicides of particular interest are:
  • R signifies the group (C 2 . 6 -alkenyloxy)carbonyl-C ⁇ -alkyl, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.5,183,492, herein incorporated by reference. Also of significance are herbicides having the general formula: (Formula XVIII; thiadiazimin), (see Weiler etal.,
  • Ri is CrC 4 -alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms;
  • R 2 is hydrogen, or a d-C -alkoxy, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms, or
  • R n and R 2 together form the group -(CH 2 ) admir-X-, where X is bound at R 2 ;
  • R 3 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R 4 is hydrogen or C ⁇ -C 4 -alkyl
  • R 5 is hydrogen, nitro, cyano or the group -COOR 6 or -CONR 7 R ⁇ , and
  • R 6 is hydrogen, CrC 6 -alkyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl or C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl; and R 7 and R 8 independently of each other are hydrogen or C ⁇ -C 6 -alkyl or
  • R 7 and R 8 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a morpholino, piperidino or a pyrrolidino group (see international patent publications WO 94/08999, WO 93/10100, and U. S. Patent No. 5,405,829 assigned to Schering); N-phenylpyrazoles, such as:
  • phenylpyrazoles of the type described in WO 96/01254 and WO 97/00246, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference (Formula XXII).
  • pyridyl pyrazoles such as the following: (Formula XXIIIa, described in WO 98/21199) and
  • a PPO herbicide is a N-Phenyl-uracil, preferably benzoic acid 2- chloro-5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-1 ,1-dimethyl- 2-oxo-2-(2-propenyloxy)ethyl ester (9CI, proposed common name: butafenacil):
  • the present invention discloses seed treatment compositions comprising a PPO herbicide in an amount effective to inhibit early growth of a PPO sensitive seed or plant.
  • a PPO herbicide in an amount effective to inhibit early growth of a PPO sensitive seed or plant.
  • sensitive seeds fail to germinate or that plants germinating from sensitive seeds are affected in their development by the PPO herbicide.
  • sensitive plants are stunted, fail to develop cotyledons, or develop cotyledons but fail to develop true leaves or fail to produce normal roots.
  • Sensitive plants may in some cases grow true leaves but do not further develop.
  • PPO herbicide tolerant seeds or plants germinate, form fully developed cotyledons, set roots and further develop normally.
  • PPO herbicides as seed treatment are between 1 and 160 grams of active ingredient (a.i.) per 100 kg of seeds. More preferred rates are between 2 and 40 grams ai per 100 kg of seeds, yet more preferred rates are between 5 and 20 grams ai per 100 kg of seeds.
  • the rate of PPO herbicide applied to seed may vary depending for example on the crop, the soil and the climatic conditions in which the seeds are to be planted. It is well within the skills of an artisan in seed treatment to adapt the amount of PPO herbicide to any particular situation to obtain satisfactory results without undue experimentation.
  • a seed treatment of the present invention may only comprise a PPO herbicide dissolved in a solvent, for example water.
  • the seed treatment may also comprise two or more different PPO herbicides, for example dissolved in a solvent.
  • a seed treatment of the present invention may also further comprise additional ingredients, such as formulations (dry flowables (DF), liquid flowables (LF), true liquids (TL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dusts (D), wettable powders (WP) and the like), adhesives, carriers, surfactants, application- promoting adjuvants or other ingredients customarily employed in the art of formulation.
  • protectant coatings may be applied by impregnating propagation material with a liquid formulation or by coating with a combined wet or dry formulation.
  • Seed treatments of the present invention may also further comprise other herbicides or may further comprise insecticides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides or mixtures thereof.
  • Customarily used protectant coatings comprise compounds such as captan, carboxin, thiram (TMTD ® ), methalaxyl (Apron ® ), and pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic ® ).
  • Overcoat product may also be further added to the seeds in particular for crops such as for example cotton and canola.
  • the present invention is exemplified with corn but one skilled in the art would be able to adapt the teachings of the present invention to prepare seed treatment comprising a PPO herbicide applicable to seeds of any other crop without undue experimentation.
  • crops are for example, but are not limited to, agronomically important crops, i.e., angiosperms and gymnosperms such as Arabidopsis, sugar cane, soybean, barley, cotton, tobacco, sugar beet, oilseed rape, maize, wheat, sorghum, rye, oats, turf and forage grasses, millet, forage and rice and the like.
  • Particularly preferred are agronomically important crops, i.e., angiosperms and gymnosperms such as soybean, cotton, sugar beet, oilseed rape, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, and rice.
  • the present invention discloses methods of treating seeds with a seed treatment composition of the present invention.
  • Seed treatments are applied by different methods, for example by soaking the seeds in the appropriate composition, by coating the seeds with the composition or by dusting seeds in the composition.
  • Seed treatments of the present invention are suitable for example for the following formulations: dry flowables (DF), liquid flowables (LF), true liquids (TL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dusts (D), wettable powders (WP) and others, which are applied to the seeds.
  • MaximXL fludioxonil + mefenoxam
  • ApronMaxx fludioxonil + mefenoxam
  • com plants typically use a total volume of 8-12 fl oz / cwt of seed. For soybeans this would be about 6-8 oz.
  • seeds are treated in a Hege 11 lab treater. This unit spins the seed around an inner wall and then the treatment is atomized and sprayed by a spinning disc in the center.
  • the typical treatment process is a two step procedure, 1. primary application, where the seed and treatment first meet, and 2. secondary application, where the seeds are mixed to improve coverage of the treatment liquid.
  • the present invention further discloses seeds which are treated with a PPO herbicide applied as seed treatment.
  • a population of seed treated according to the present invention may comprise PPO herbicide tolerant and PPO herbicide sensitive seeds.
  • PPO herbicide tolerant plants are generally produced by genetic engineering methods and such plants have been extensively described in WO 95/34659 and WO 97/32011 , both incorporated herein by reference.
  • PPO herbicide tolerant seeds of the present invention comprise a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a PPO.
  • such polynucleotide encodes a herbicide tolerant PPO, preferably derived from a bacterium or encodes a modified PPO, preferably derived from a plant.
  • a heterologous polynucleotide is typically operably linked to a promoter capable of directing the expression of the polynucleotide.
  • Such polynucleotide is preferably included in an expression cassette, which is preferably stably integrated in the nuclear or plastid genome of the seed or plant.
  • PPO herbicide sensitive seeds or plants generally refer to seeds or plants which are not tolerant to a PPO herbicide, preferably because they do not comprise a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a PPO as described above.
  • PPO herbicide sensitive seeds or plants may be non-transgenic, wild-type plants, or may comprise a transgene that does not confer upon the seed or plant tolerance to a PPO herbicide.
  • seeds of the present invention further comprise a transgene conferring upon such seeds another trait which preferably co-segregates with the trait conferring tolerance to a PPO herbicide.
  • transgenes transferred are also for the production of commercially valuable enzymes or metabolites in plants.
  • Treated seeds described herein for planting purposes are preferably containerized, e.g., placed in a bag or other container for ease of handling and transport.
  • the present invention discloses methods of using treated seeds of the present invention.
  • the present invention is beneficially used in any event where PPO herbicide tolerant plants are selected from PPO herbicide sensitive plants and is for example used on seeds originating from any self-pollination or cross-pollination of a PPO herbicide tolerant plant.
  • PPO herbicide sensitive seeds originated from the cross and not carrying the PPO herbicide tolerant trait or seeds contaminations accidentally present in a populations of seeds obtained from the cross are thus eliminated.
  • the present invention is for example useful for the identification of homozygous progeny of a transformed line. In this case, a primary transformant (T1 plants) which is tolerant to a PPO herbicide is self-pollinated.
  • the resulting seeds are treated according to the present invention and only plants heterozygous or homozygous for the PPO herbicide tolerance trait (T2 plants) germinate and grow normally. Such plants are further allowed to self-pollinate and the resulting seeds are again treated according to the present invention.
  • the ratio tolerant sensitive plants is determined for plants derived from each T2 plant and homozygous plants are identified. Similarly, once a homozygous plant has been identified, such plant can be self-pollinated and the resulting seeds treated according to the present invention.
  • PPO herbicide tolerant plants germinate and grow, thereby allowing for the amplification of homozygous, homogenous and pure seeds of the PPO herbicide tolerant line.
  • the present invention generally provides methods for producing PPO tolerant seeds. Such methods comprise the following steps: a) producing PPO tolerant plants by transforming plants with a heterologous polynucleotide encoding a PPO b) crossing two plants by pollinating a recipient plant with pollen from a donor plant, wherein at least one of the two plants is tolerant to PPO herbicide c) allowing the pollinated plant to set seeds d) harvesting said seeds; and, optionally e) testing for PPO tolerance by applying a seed treatment comprising a PPO herbicide to seeds resulting from each cross.
  • the present invention is used to introgress a PPO herbicide tolerance trait and, optionally, to also introgress another trait that co-segregates with the PPO herbicide tolerance trait, into a particular line, such as an elite inbred line, e.g. an inbred maize line or a soybean cultivar.
  • a particular line such as an elite inbred line, e.g. an inbred maize line or a soybean cultivar.
  • the introgression of PPO herbicide tolerance into the elite line is for example achieved by recurrent selection breeding, for example by backcrossing.
  • the elite line (recurrent parent) is first crossed to a donor inbred (the non-recurrent parent) that carries the appropriate PPO herbicide tolerance trait.
  • progeny of this cross is then mated back to the recurrent parent followed by selection in the resultant progeny for PPO herbicide tolerance.
  • the progeny is heterozygous for the locus harboring PPO herbicide tolerance, but is like the recurrent parent for most or almost all other genes (see, for example, Poehlman & Sleper (1995) Breeding Field Crops, 4th Ed., 172-175; Fehr (1987) Principles of Cultivar Development, Vol. 1 : Theory and Technique, 360-376, incorporated herein by reference).
  • PPO herbicide tolerance after each cross is carried out using the present invention, i.e. by applying a seed treatment comprising a PPO herbicide to seeds resulting from each cross.
  • PPO herbicide sensitive seeds do not grow and only PPO herbicide tolerant plants are further used in the backcrossing program.
  • the present invention therefore encompasses methods of breeding a PPO herbicide tolerance trait into an elite line using the teachings of the present invention and comprising the following steps: crossing a first plant with a second plant, wherein one of the plants is tolerant to a PPO herbicide, harvesting the seeds resulting from the cross, applying to said seeds a seed treatment comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the eariy growth of a seed sensitive to said PPO tierbicide, placing said seeds under conditions sufficient for germination, and selecting plants that grow, wherein said plants that grow comprise the PPO herbicide tolerance trait.
  • the present invention is also conveniently used in the production of stable homogenous inbred lines or cultivars (also sometimes called varieties), whereby a particular line is self- pollinated until satisfactory purity and homogeneity of the line is reached.
  • the present invention is similarly used for the commercial production of seeds of a particular inbred line or cultivar.
  • a seed treatment of the present invention is applied to the seeds resulting from the cross and only PPO herbicide tolerant plants are selected.
  • the present invention therefore encompasses methods of producing PPO herbicide tolerant seeds using the teachings of the present invention and comprising the following steps: crossing a PPO tolerant plant with itself, harvesting the seeds resulting from the cross and applying to said seeds a seed treatment comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the eariy growth of a seed sensitive to said PPO herbicide.
  • a seed treatment comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the eariy growth of a seed sensitive to said PPO herbicide.
  • such seeds are placed under conditions sufficient for germination, and plants that grow are selected, wherein said plants that grow comprise the PPO herbicide tolerance trait.
  • the present invention is used in hybrid seed production.
  • the present invention is used to assure that all hybrid seeds that germinate and grow in the field are PPO herbicide tolerant.
  • the present invention therefore encompasses methods producing PPO herbicide tolerance seeds using the teachings of the present invention and comprising the following steps: crossing a first plant with a second plant, wherein one of the plants is tolerant to a PPO herbicide, harvesting the seeds resulting from the cross and applying to said seeds a seed treatment comprising an amount of a PPO herbicide effective to inhibit the early growth of a seed sensitive to said PPO herbicide.
  • such seeds are placed under conditions sufficient for germination, and plants that grow are selected, wherein said plants that grow comprise the PPO herbicide tolerance trait.
  • the present invention thus provides a significant advancement to commercial breeding and seeds production processes using PPO herbicide tolerance. Using the present invention large commercial quantities of PPO herbicide tolerant seeds are produced with low impact on the environment, reduced cost and with higher quality control. The present invention is thus a substantially better method as compared to conventional methods using a pre- or post-emergence application of PPO herbicide (see example 8).
  • Com seeds are soaked in a CGA-276 854 solution.
  • Example 2 Coating seeds with a PPO herbicide
  • PPO herbicide tolerant and PPO herbicide sensitive com seeds are then placed in separate beakers containing the herbicide slurry. The seeds are stirred in the beakers with a glass rod to get a thorough coating with the herbicide. The seeds are allowed to air dry at room temperature (usually within 2-4 hours).
  • Example 3 Seed treatment further comprising MaximXL ®
  • MaximXL ® fludioxonil + mefenoxam
  • CGA-276854 for example with CGA- 27685425WP
  • the resulting mixture is applied as a flowable treatment on com seeds.
  • Example 4 Seed treatment further comprising Apron ®
  • Apron ® metalaxyl
  • CGA-276854 for example with CGA-27685425WP
  • Example 5 Application of a seed coating
  • a protectant coating is applied to treated seeds of examples 1 -4 by impregnating propagation material with a liquid formulation.
  • a protectant coatings is applied to treated seeds of examples 1 -4 by coating with a combined wet or dry formulation.
  • Dried com seeds are planted in pots containing soil.
  • the soil is a mixture of 37.5% Illinois silty clay loam (5% organic matter), 50% Vero sand (less than 1% organic matter), and 12.5% Promix.
  • the pots are watered as needed for normal plant growth.
  • PPO herbicide tolerant and PPO herbicide sensitive com seeds are coated with different rates of PPO herbicide. The effect of the PPO herbicide of both types of seeds is then determined. The results are shown below:
  • CGA-276854 is applied as seed treatment (seed soaking or seed coating) or applied on the soil surface (pre-emergence application).
  • the effect of CGA-276 854 is measured as a percentage of PPO herbicide sensitive com plants with inhibited eariy growth vs. total plants.

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Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à l'application d'un herbicide comme traitement de semences comprenant cet herbicide, de préférence pour permettre la sélection des plantes tolérantes aux herbicides. Cette invention se rapporte en outre à des compositions de traitement de semences comprenant un tel herbicide, à des procédés de traitement de semences à l'aide d'une telle composition de traitement de semences, à des semences traitées avec une telle composition de traitement de semences et à des procédés d'utilisation de ces traitements de semences.
PCT/EP2000/003451 1999-04-19 2000-04-17 Traitement de semences par herbicides WO2000063356A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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AU53920/00A AU5392000A (en) 1999-04-19 2000-04-17 Herbicidal seed treatment

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US29491599A 1999-04-19 1999-04-19
US09/294,915 1999-04-19

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WO2000063356A3 WO2000063356A3 (fr) 2001-01-11

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0112262A1 (fr) 1982-12-13 1984-06-27 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie Nouveaux dérivés de la benzylcarbamoylpyridine
US4746352A (en) 1985-03-20 1988-05-24 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. 3-(5-carboxy-4-substituted-phenyl)-(thio)uracil-esters and salts
WO1992004827A1 (fr) 1990-09-13 1992-04-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Triazoles herbicides bicycliques substitues
US5183492A (en) 1989-06-29 1993-02-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Herbicidal 3-aryluracils
EP0532146A1 (fr) 1991-09-11 1993-03-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Triazoles bicycliques substitués herbicides
WO1993010100A1 (fr) 1991-11-13 1993-05-27 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Nouvelles pyrazolylpyrazoles a substitution, leurs procedes de preparation, intermediaires et leur utilisation comme herbicides
WO1994008999A1 (fr) 1992-10-12 1994-04-28 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Nouveaux derives de pyrazole substitues, procedes destines a leur preparation et leur utilisation comme herbicides

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RO113788B1 (ro) * 1989-05-17 1998-11-30 Ici Plc Metoda pentru producerea mutantei zea mays rezistenta la erbicide
DE69233800D1 (de) * 1991-04-08 2011-02-17 Basf Se Gegen AHAS-inhibierendes Herbizid resistenter Weizen und Verfahren zu dessen Selektion
US5767373A (en) * 1994-06-16 1998-06-16 Novartis Finance Corporation Manipulation of protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme activity in eukaryotic organisms
DE19836659A1 (de) * 1998-08-13 2000-02-17 Hoechst Schering Agrevo Gmbh Herbizide Mittel für tolerante oder resistente Baumwollkulturen

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0112262A1 (fr) 1982-12-13 1984-06-27 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie Nouveaux dérivés de la benzylcarbamoylpyridine
US4746352A (en) 1985-03-20 1988-05-24 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. 3-(5-carboxy-4-substituted-phenyl)-(thio)uracil-esters and salts
US5183492A (en) 1989-06-29 1993-02-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Herbicidal 3-aryluracils
WO1992004827A1 (fr) 1990-09-13 1992-04-02 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Triazoles herbicides bicycliques substitues
EP0532146A1 (fr) 1991-09-11 1993-03-17 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Triazoles bicycliques substitués herbicides
WO1993010100A1 (fr) 1991-11-13 1993-05-27 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Nouvelles pyrazolylpyrazoles a substitution, leurs procedes de preparation, intermediaires et leur utilisation comme herbicides
US5405829A (en) 1991-11-13 1995-04-11 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Substituted pyrazolypyrazoles and their use as herbicides
WO1994008999A1 (fr) 1992-10-12 1994-04-28 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Nouveaux derives de pyrazole substitues, procedes destines a leur preparation et leur utilisation comme herbicides

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AR023523A1 (es) 2002-09-04
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