WO2000054359A1 - Systemes a double batterie et procedes permettant de maintenir l'etat de charge de batteries de grande puissance - Google Patents

Systemes a double batterie et procedes permettant de maintenir l'etat de charge de batteries de grande puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000054359A1
WO2000054359A1 PCT/US2000/006558 US0006558W WO0054359A1 WO 2000054359 A1 WO2000054359 A1 WO 2000054359A1 US 0006558 W US0006558 W US 0006558W WO 0054359 A1 WO0054359 A1 WO 0054359A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
negative
positive
cell
dual
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/006558
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Allen
James Spencer
Victor Rompa
Original Assignee
Bolder Technologies Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bolder Technologies Corporation filed Critical Bolder Technologies Corporation
Priority to AU35275/00A priority Critical patent/AU3527500A/en
Publication of WO2000054359A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000054359A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M6/5033—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature used as charging means for another battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/42—Grouping of primary cells into batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of batteries, including those which can be used as portable power supplies. More specifically, in one embodiment, the present invention relates to the field of dual battery systems in which the state of charge of a first battery is maintained by a second battery, especially during periods when the first battery sits idle. In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a dual battery system in which the first battery is capable of very high discharge rates, whereas the second battery has sufficient capacity so that it can provide lower levels of current for extended periods and also recharge the first battery after periods of deep discharge.
  • Lead-acid batteries remain a predominant device for delivering electrical current in many electrical operations, the problems just described have particular import as related to such batteries.
  • Lead-acid batteries retain their popularity as an electrical energy source because they can be manufactured easily and relatively inexpensively, are rechargeable and are capable of delivering relatively high power. They also can withstand rugged treatment and can be stored for extended periods.
  • lead-acid batteries there are two major classes of lead-acid batteries.
  • Conventional lead-acid batteries such as valve-regulated lead-acid batteries are typically comprised of a plurality of cells. Each cell typically includes a set of interleaved monopolar positive and negative electrodes or plates which are separated by a porous separator.
  • the electrodes or plates are typically composed of a lead or lead alloy current collector and an electrochemically active paste which is coated onto the exterior surfaces of the current collector.
  • the current collectors are in the form of a grid and are relatively thick.
  • the current collectors are made of ultra-thin films or foils (lead or lead alloys) which are wound into a "jelly roll" configuration.
  • TMF Thin Metal Foil batteries
  • Lead-acid batteries of this design are capable of very high discharge and recharge rates.
  • the thin plate design means that such batteries are also significantly lighter and smaller than their conventional counterparts.
  • lead-acid batteries, including those of the TMF design are susceptible to losing charge during periods in which they sit idle. Loss of charge over time is affected by a process called “self-discharge” - chemical reactions within the battery which cause the consumption of electrolyte, even when the battery is not exposed to an external load.
  • the consumption of electrolyte through self-discharge decreases discharge capacity because the discharge capacity of a battery is proportional to the specific gravity, or concentration, of electrolyte within the battery.
  • self-discharge reduces the shelf life of the battery (i.e., the period of time during which the battery maintains sufficient discharge capacity for its intended purpose when the battery is allowed to sit idle without having to provide current to an external load), but it also results in voltage decay (i.e.. a decrease in open circuit voltage).
  • the ability of a battery to retain charge while sitting idle is dependent in large measure on the chemistry within the battery, especially the chemical reactions that occur at the interface between the current collector and the paste.
  • a passivation layer can form at this interface.
  • the passivation layer reduces the process of self-discharge but negatively impacts cycle life (the number of discharging and recharging cycles a battery can sustain while still delivering a certain level of electricity).
  • Other current collectors such as those containing higher levels of tin for instance, form a conductive or semi-conducting layer at the current collector/paste interface. While such batteries have good cycle life, the improved cycle life comes at the cost of a decrease in shelf life.
  • the first battery generally has a high discharge rate but relatively low capacity; the second battery has a low discharge rate but high capacity.
  • a dual battery assembly of the design just described would be useful in recharging a battery that was drained during periods of extended use without recharging or otherwise weakened (e.g., a battery drained when car lights are inadvertently left on or a battery whose performance is reduced because of the cold).
  • the first battery with its high discharge rate can be used to "jump" the depleted battery; the second battery with its lower discharge rate and higher capacity can be used to recharge the first battery.
  • a dual battery assembly of this type is also useful because the first battery can provide high levels of current within a short time period for applications requiring such current, whereas the second battery can be used to deliver current to devices requiring low levels of current for extended time periods (e g , personal entertainment dev ices such as radios and televisions)
  • the present invention satisfies the needs identified above by providing dual battery systems of varying design but which generally include a first battery that is connected in parallel to a second battery
  • the second battery can recharge the first battery after discharge of the first battery
  • the second battery can also be used to provide current for those applications which require low levels of current over extended pe ⁇ ods, while the first battery can be used in situations in which a high level of current must be generated over a short time pe ⁇ od
  • the second battery is connected in a circuit so that it supplies a low-level current that maintains the charge of the first battery that otherwise would undergo a relatively rapid loss of charge over time due to the process of self-discharge
  • Various embodiments are particularly useful as portable power supplies which can be used to jump start cars and/or power various personal devices which require lower levels of current
  • the system includes (l) a first battery, (a) a second battery, and (in) a circuit connecting the first and second battery in parallel
  • the first battery in such embodiments has a relatively high power density as compared to the second battery, whereas the second battery has a higher energy density (1 e , capacity) than the first battery
  • the first battery is selected so as to have a first peak amperage which exceeds the second peak amperage of the second battery
  • the first battery also has a faster discharge rate than that of the second battery
  • the first battery may also have a self-discharge rate which is greater than the corresponding rate for the second battery
  • the second battery is also typically of lower cost than the first battery
  • the present invention provides dual battery systems having the same general design of that just desc ⁇ bed but with additional components to control current flow through the assembly More specifically these embodiments include the necessary elements to rest ⁇ ct current so that it only flows from the second battery to the first battery, the current may be further rest ⁇ cted so that it is sufficient to maintain the charge of the first battery du ⁇ ng pe ⁇ ods of non-use, but insufficient to provide current to an external load
  • Embodiments of this general design comp ⁇ se (I) a first battery having a first energy density (capacity) and (n) a second battery having a second energy density which is greater than the first energy density of the first battery, (in) an elect ⁇ cal circuit which connects the first and second battery in parallel and (iv a current direction regulator connected to the circuit which functions to prevent current from passing from the first battery to the second battery
  • the current direction regulator is a diode, although other circuitry or devices which limit current flow in the desired manner could be used as well In this manner, it is possible to maintain the state
  • the first battery and second battery in these embodiments have the same characteristics as the first and second batte ⁇ es discussed above in those embodiments which lack the current control elements. Additionally, because the current direction regulator prevents current from flowing from the first battery to the second battery, it is possible for the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the second battery to initially be less than that for the first battery. This contrasts with the typical situation in which the OCV of the second battery exceeds the OCV of the first battery.
  • Dual battery assemblies using first batteries having a higher OCV can be used, for instance, when the self-discharge rate of the first battery is sufficiently faster than that of the second battery so that at some point after the two batteries are connected the OCV voltage of the second battery exceeds that of the first battery. This type of arrangement could also be utilized if the voltage of the first battery decreased more rapidly with discharge than the second battery.
  • Dual battery systems which incorporate the current control elements provide several advantages.
  • dual battery assemblies of these designs provide a cost effective way to extend the fundamental charge retention characteristics of a high power battery.
  • Using the dual battery system of these designs it is possible to increase the charge retention of high power batte ⁇ es by at least two times or more. In fact, by replacing the second battery, it is possible to extend the functional life of the first battery almost indefinitely.
  • the dual battery systems provided by the present invention alleviates the need to frequently recharge the first battery and avoids having to use corded elect ⁇ cal sources to recharge the first battery.
  • the first battery can be of a va ⁇ ety of types but most preferably is a lead-acid battery, a nickel cadmium battery or a nickel hyd ⁇ de battery, although batte ⁇ es of different chemistries could also be used.
  • the first battery is preferably a lead-acid battery, especially one utilizing ultra-thin current collectors or plates.
  • the negative current collector, and preferably the positive current collector as well, are preferably 0 005 inches or less thick. It is also preferred that at least the positive current collector, and optionally the negative current collector, be a substantially non-perforated foil.
  • the positive and negative current collectors may be coated on their two major faces with paste to yield a plate; these plates are preferably 0.010 inches thick or less. Batteries using such ultra-thin plates and/or current collectors are referred to as Thin Metal Foil cells, or simply TMF cells.
  • the second battery in the different embodiments can include a variety of different battery types, including, but not limited to, a lead-acid battery or an alkaline battery. If the second battery is a lead-acid battery, it preferably is of a conventional design wherein the current collectors are lead or lead alloy grids. In certain preferred embodiments, however, the second battery is an alkaline cell or collection of alkaline cells. The use of alkaline batteries is advantageous because of their low cost and because they are energy dense.
  • the dual battery assemblies described herein include an alkaline cell or cells as the second battery and a TMF cell or cells as the first battery.
  • the combination of these batteries when connected in parallel produces an assembly in which the unique power capabilities of the TMF battery can be made available on demand over a long period of time without any external maintenance by the user of the dual battery assembly.
  • FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a dual battery assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of a dual battery assembly according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein a diode and resistor are included within the circuit that connects the batteries in order to control current flow between the two batteries.
  • the present invention provides two major embodiments of a dual battery system, each designed to solve particular problems associated with battery power supplies.
  • the first ma j or embodiment is useful for providing a unified system wherein a first battery can be recharged by a second battery after the first battery has been subjected to deep discharge Assemblies of this first type are also useful in providing current for applications which require a high amount of current over a short pe ⁇ od of time (first battery function) and for providing current to other applications which only require low levels of current but for extended pe ⁇ ods of time (second battery function)
  • the present invention further provides a dual battery assembly which utilizes a second battery and va ⁇ ous current control components to maintain the functionality of the first battery for significantly longer pe ⁇ ods of time than if the first battery was simply allowed to undergo the normal process of self-discharge
  • the apparatus and methods of the present invention can achieve these results using cost effecti e and readily available second batteries and do not require user maintenance or a corded source of elect ⁇ city
  • the term "battery" as used herein is meant to include assemblies containing a single cell or a collection of cells
  • the dual battery assembly generally includes a first battery 10 and a second battery 40
  • the first battery 10 includes a positive terminal 12 and a negative terminal 14
  • the second battery 40 includes a positive terminal 20 and a negative terminal 18
  • the first battery 10 and second battery 40 are connected at their respective terminals by connector 16 and connector 26 to form a circuit, wherein the first battery 10 and second battery 40 are connected in parallel External loads can be attached at terminals 15 and 25
  • the second battery 40 can be enclosed in a housing 30 in order to provide a convenient means for handling the cell or cells that comp ⁇ se the second battery 40
  • the cell or cells that make up the first battery 10 can be placed within a housing (not shown) to facilitate ease in handling It is also possible to include both the first battery 10 and the second battery 40 within a single housing
  • the positive and negative terminals of the first battery 10 and second battery 40 may be connected to positive and negative terminals, respectively, positioned on the exte ⁇ or of a case which is designed to hold both batte ⁇ es
  • the first battery 10 has a first peak amperage and the second battery 40 has a second peak amperage, wherein the peak amperage of the first battery 10 exceeds that of the second battery 40, particularly with respect to size and weight
  • the first battery 10 and the second battery 40 are capable of being recharged It is preferred that the peak amperage of the first battery 10 be sufficient to start an automobile engine by itself, or in combination with the second battery 40
  • the first battery 10 is capable of dehve ⁇ ng sufficient power to start a car engine several times before needing to be recharged
  • the second battery 40 is characte ⁇ zed by having a higher energy density (l e , higher capacity) than the first battery 10
  • the capacity of the second battery 40 is such that the second battery 40 can deliver relatively low levels of current at many different times without requi ⁇ ng recharging between uses
  • the first battery 10 is charactenzed as having a high power density
  • the second battery 40 is charactenzed as having a high power density
  • the first battery 10 also has a first open circuit voltage (OCV)
  • the second battery 40 has a second OCV which is greater than the OCV of the first battery 10 of the second battery 40
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the self-discharge rate of the first battery 10 is greater than the corresponding rate for the second battery 40 This means that the shelf-life of the second battery 40 is longer than the shelf-life of the first battery 10 (shelf-life refer ⁇ ng to the time du ⁇ ng which the battery maintains sufficient discharge capability for its intended purpose when the battery is allowed to sit without use)
  • the first battery 10 and the second battery 40 are selected so that the second battery 40 has the necessary capacity to recharge the first battery 10 after the first battery has been discharged.
  • the nominal voltage of the two batteries are roughly equivalent; furthermore, the voltage of the second battery 40 preferably does not decrease as rapidly with discharge as compared to the voltage decrease associated with discharge of the first battery 40.
  • the voltage of the second battery is sufficiently greater than the voltage of the first battery so that the second battery can recharge the first battery.
  • the first battery in FIG. 1 is shown as being comprised of 6 individual cells, it should be appreciated that the exact number of cells is not critical to the present invention. The number of cells can be varied according to the particular performance characteristics that are desired for each application. Likewise, the manner in which the individual cells comprising the first battery 10 are interconnected is not a critical aspect of the invention. For instance, the cells can be connected in series or in a parallel configuration depending upon the specific performance criteria which are required. The same is true for the second battery 40. While FIG. 1 depicts 9 individual cells as comprising the second battery 40, here too, it should be understood that the exact number of cells and the connections there between can be varied according to the particular demands of the application for which the dual battery assembly is to be used.
  • the first battery 10 can be any of a number of different battery chemistries so long as the c ⁇ teria set forth above are satisfied.
  • the first battery may be a lead-acid battery, a nickel cadmium battery or a nickel hydride battery.
  • the first battery 10 of the present invention includes lead-acid batteries such as those described in U.S. Patent 5,047,300 to Juergens, U.S. Patent 5,045,086 to Juergens and U.S. Patent 5,368,961 to Juergens; these patents are assigned to the assignee of the present invention and are incorporated by reference herein. Batteries of these designs are characterized by having ultra-thin current collectors and pasted current collectors or plates.
  • batteries of the TMF design include ultra-thin current collectors and plates.
  • the negative current collector, and optionally the positive current collector, in TMF cells typically are 0.005 inches thick or less. It is also preferred that the positive current collectors, and preferably the negative current collectors as well, are substantially non-perforated.
  • substantially non-perforated is defined herein to mean that the foil is essentially a solid film of metal rather than existing as a grid which is the traditional form for current collectors used in lead-acid batteries.
  • the foil or film may include a very limited number of small holes therein.
  • the positive and negative current collectors each have two major faces which can be coated with a layer of paste.
  • the combination of the current collectors and layers of paste are referred to as "plates" within the industry.
  • the paste thickness of each layer applied to the current collectors is 0.005 inches or less thick and preferably 0.002 to 0.003 inches thick.
  • the negative plates, and optionally the positive plates are typically 0.010 inches thick or less.
  • the foil and plates may be thicker.
  • the foil may be 0.008 inches or less thick and the plate may be 0.015 inches or less thick.
  • the positive and negative current collectors or plates in the battery are cast on to positive and negative end connectors which separately join the positive and negative current collectors or plates. Details of the end connector design can be found by reference to U.S. Patent 5,198,313 to Juergens, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the second battery 40 can be selected from batteries which have the characteristics set forth above.
  • the second battery may include conventional lead-acid batteries which utilize current collectors of the standard grid design which are also thicker than those found in the TMF design.
  • Plates in conventional lead-acid batteries are formed by forcing paste into the interstices of the grid.
  • the plates are thicker than those of the TMF design; the plates may be 0.05 inches thick or greater for example.
  • conventional lead-acid batteries cannot achieve the discharge rate of TMF batteries, they have the advantage of being able to store more capacity in a smaller size and with less eight and cost as compared to the TMF batte ⁇ es.
  • the second battery 40 is an alkaline cell, such as a zinc manganese dioxide cell that is available from any of the major commercial battery manufacturers.
  • the use of alkaline cells in the second battery 40 is preferred because of their low cost, high energy density and low self-discharge characteristics. It would also be possible to use a nickel cadmium, lithium or metal hydride battery. Because the second battery 40 preferably has a high energy density, it is not necessary to store all the required capacity in the first battery 10. The dual battery assembly of the design desc ⁇ bed may undergo significant idle periods between use.
  • the capacity of the second battery 40 should be greater than that of the first battery 10.
  • the capacity of the second battery 10 may be approximately 10 times that of the first battery 10; however, other capacity ratios can be used.
  • both the first and second batte ⁇ es 10, 40 may be lead- acid batte ⁇ es, with the distinction being that the first battery 10 is of the TMF design while the second battery 40 is of conventional design.
  • the dual battery assembly comprises a first battery 10 that is of the TMF design and a second battery 40 that is an alkaline battery.
  • first battery 10 that is of the TMF design
  • second battery 40 that is an alkaline battery.
  • FIG 2 An alternative embodiment is illustrated in FIG 2
  • the dual battery assembly of this design is quite similar to that shown in FIG 1
  • the assembly differs in that the circuit connecting the two batte ⁇ es includes a current direction regulator 22 and may also include a current level controller 24 to control the direction and amount of current flow between the two batte ⁇ es 10, 40 Assemblies having the design depicted in FIG 2 are designed to maintain the charge of the first battery du ⁇ ng extended pe ⁇ ods of non-use
  • FIG 2 generally includes a first battery 10 and a second battery 40
  • the first battery 10 includes a positive terminal 12 and a negative terminal 14
  • the second battery 40 includes a positive terminal 20 and a negative terminal 18
  • the first battery 10 and second battery 40 are connected at their respective terminals by connector 16 and connector 26 to form a circuit, wherein the first battery 10 and second battery 40 are connected in parallel
  • An external load can be connected at terminals 15, 25
  • This general embodiment also includes a current direction regulator 22 within the circuit that connects the first battery 10 and the second battery 40
  • the current direction regulator 22 can be connected in se ⁇ es between the positive terminals 20, 12 of the second and first batte ⁇ es 40, 10, respectively
  • the current direction regulator 22 prevents current from flowing from the first battery 10 to the second battery 40, instead, the current direction regulator 22 keeps current only flowing from the second battery 40 to the first battery 10
  • the current direction regulator 22 functions in this manner, the state of charge of the first battery 10 can be maintained without user intervention for substantially longer penods than if the first battery 10 was functioning independently
  • the current direction regulator can be a diode.
  • the current direction regulator could be other devices, circuitry or means which rest ⁇ ct current so that it only flows from the second battery 40 to the first battery 10.
  • a current level controller 24 can also be included within the circuit that joins the first battery 10 and the second battery 40 as further shown in FIG.
  • the current level controller 24 can be connected in se ⁇ es within the circuit between the positive terminal 20 of the second battery 40 and the positive terminal 12 of the first battery 10
  • the current level controller 24 is used in conjunction with the current direction regulator 22 and is positioned within the circuit between the current direction regulator 22 and the positive terminal 12 of the first battery 10
  • the current level controller 24 limits the amount of current that can pass from the second battery 40 to the first battery 10 More specifically, the current level controller 24 preferably rest ⁇ cts current flow from the second battery 40 to the first battery 10 to a level which is sufficient to maintain the charge of the first battery 10 but insufficient to participate in the functional capability of the first battery 10 (l e , the second battery does not produce current for an external load).
  • the current level controller 24 acts to ensure that the first battery 10 operates within its rated capabilities without any current discharge cont ⁇ bution from the second battery 40
  • dual battery assemblies of the design shown in FIG. 2 function somewhat differently than the assembly shown in FIG 1 in that the second battery 40 does not deliver current to an external load
  • the current level controller 24 can be a resistor as shown in FIG. 2
  • other circuitry, devices or means which similarly rest ⁇ ct the level of current flowing to the first battery 10 can be utilized as well
  • the general characte ⁇ stics of the first battery 10 and the second battery 40 are generally the same as those desc ⁇ bed above in the desc ⁇ ption of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1
  • the OCV of the second cell typically is greater than the OCV of the second cell, this results in a low-level of current flowing from the second battery 40 to the first battery 10 to maintain the state of charge of the first battery 10.
  • the OCV of the first battery 10 may initially exceed the OCV of the second battery 40.
  • the current direction regulator 22 in these instances ensures that current still does not flow from the first battery 10 to the second battery 40.
  • the voltage of the first battery 10 must drop below that of the second battery 40 before the second battery 40 can recharge the first battery 10. This could occur, for example, when the self-discharge rate of the first battery 10 is sufficiently faster than that of the second battery 40 so that at some point after the batteries are connected the OCV of the second battery 40 is greater than that of the first battery 10.
  • An arrangement of this type would also work in those cases wherein the voltage of the first battery 10 decreased more rapidly with discharge as compared to the second battery 40.
  • the first battery can include any of the types described in relation to FIG. 1 , including for instance a lead-acid, nickel cadmium or nickel metal hydride battery.
  • the first battery 40 is a lead-acid battery, and more preferably is of the TMF design.
  • the second battery 40 may be a conventional lead-acid battery, or more preferably is an alkaline battery because of their small size and low cost.
  • the first battery 10 is a lead-acid battery, especially one of the TMF design and the second battery 40 is an alkaline battery.
  • the first battery 10 is of the TMF design and the second battery 40 includes a series of alkaline cells such as can be bought from any commercial supplier, it is possible to extend the shelf-life of the first battery 40 by at least a factor of
  • the present invention also provides methods for maintaining the charge state of high power batteries.
  • the methods generally comprise connecting a first battery 10, a second battery 40, and a current direction regulator 22 to form an electrical circuit wherein the first battery 10 and the second battery 40 are connected in parallel; the current direction regulator is connected in series between the first and second battery 10, 40.
  • the method can further include connecting a current level controller 24 into the circuit in order to restrict the amount of current flow from the second battery 40 to the first battery 10.
  • the current level controller is connected in series with the first and second battery 10, 40.
  • the current level controller 24 acts to limit current flow from the second battery 40 to a level which maintains the charge on the first battery but which is insufficient to provide current to an external load.
  • current direction regulator 22 may be a diode or other means which prevents current flow from the first battery 10 to the second battery 40.
  • the current level controller 24 can be a resistor or similar means for achieving the same effect.
  • first battery 10 and second battery 40 is not particularly critical so long as the batteries have the characteristics described above in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the methods preferably include connecting a first battery 10 such as a lead-acid, a nickel cadmium or a nickel hydride cell with a second battery 40 which is preferably a lead-acid battery of conventional design or an alkaline battery. Most preferably, a lead-acid battery of the TMF design is connected with an alkaline battery. All of the references listed herein are incorporated herein by reference.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des agencements à double batterie et des procédés permettant de maintenir l'état de charge d'une batterie de grande puissance. Dans certains modes de réalisation, l'agencement est un système intégré dans lequel la seconde batterie (40) peut recharger la première batterie (10) après sa décharge complète. Ces agencements conviennent pour fournir du courant à des applications nécessitant beaucoup de courant pendant une courte durée ainsi qu'à d'autres applications qui nécessitent de faibles courants pendant une longue durée. L'invention concerne également un agencement à double batterie utilisant une seconde batterie (40) et des éléments de régulation du courant aux fins de préserver la fonctionnalité de la première batterie (10) pendant des durées sensiblement plus longues que si on laissait cette première batterie se décharger. Le dispositif et les procédés de l'invention permettent de parvenir à ces résultats en utilisant des batteries secondaires rentables, facilement disponibles et ne nécessitant pas d'entretien de la part de l'utilisateur ni une alimentation électrique par câble.
PCT/US2000/006558 1999-03-11 2000-03-13 Systemes a double batterie et procedes permettant de maintenir l'etat de charge de batteries de grande puissance WO2000054359A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU35275/00A AU3527500A (en) 1999-03-11 2000-03-13 Dual battery systems and methods for maintaining the charge state of high power batteries

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EP1297600A1 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2003-04-02 Snap-on Incorporated Système bloc-piles de recharge protatif
WO2003088375A2 (fr) * 2002-04-08 2003-10-23 Powergenix Systems, Inc. Systemes de double batterie hybride a processus chimique
WO2003088405A2 (fr) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-23 Powergenix Systems, Inc. Gestion d'energie pour systemes de batteries hybrides
US7345455B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2008-03-18 International Business Machines Corporation Staggered backup battery charging system
US7479759B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2009-01-20 Research In Motion Limited Electronic device including handheld electronic device with dual battery configuration, and associated method
WO2009019568A2 (fr) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Sung On Andrew Ng Ensemble batterie et système électrique pour faire fonctionner un moteur automobile
EP2076929A1 (fr) * 2006-10-16 2009-07-08 LG Chem, Ltd. Système de batterie auxiliaire haute puissance comprenant des éléments chargés asymétriques
US7570012B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2009-08-04 Electrovaya Inc. Energy storage device for loads having variable power rates
WO2014105611A1 (fr) 2012-12-26 2014-07-03 Intel Corporation Support de piles de type à cellules mélangées et ses utilisations
US8846224B2 (en) 2006-10-16 2014-09-30 Lg Chem, Ltd. High power secondary battery system comprising asymmetric charged cells
DE102013220898A1 (de) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Batteriesystem für ein Fahrzeug sowie Anordnung aus einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem solchen Batteriesystem
WO2016011437A1 (fr) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 Iterna, Llc Prolongation de la durée de vie en stockage de batteries rechargeables
EP2612391A4 (fr) * 2010-08-30 2016-08-03 Highwater Innovations Llc Accumulateur au plomb-acide à régulation par soupape spiralé à faible rapport de forme
US11670954B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2023-06-06 Form Energy, Inc. Hybrid battery system

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EP0370534A2 (fr) * 1988-10-21 1990-05-30 Pita Witehira Systèmes de batteries
EP0513531A1 (fr) * 1991-05-16 1992-11-19 VB Autobatterie GmbH Batterie d'accumulateurs pour véhicules automobiles
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EP1297600A4 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2003-08-13 Snap On Tech Inc Bloc-piles de recharge portatif pour pile a fine couche metallique
EP1297600A1 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2003-04-02 Snap-on Incorporated Système bloc-piles de recharge protatif
US7570012B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2009-08-04 Electrovaya Inc. Energy storage device for loads having variable power rates
WO2003088375A2 (fr) * 2002-04-08 2003-10-23 Powergenix Systems, Inc. Systemes de double batterie hybride a processus chimique
WO2003088375A3 (fr) * 2002-04-08 2004-03-04 Powergenix Systems Inc Systemes de double batterie hybride a processus chimique
WO2003088405A2 (fr) * 2002-04-09 2003-10-23 Powergenix Systems, Inc. Gestion d'energie pour systemes de batteries hybrides
WO2003088405A3 (fr) * 2002-04-09 2004-03-18 Powergenix Systems Inc Gestion d'energie pour systemes de batteries hybrides
US7479759B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2009-01-20 Research In Motion Limited Electronic device including handheld electronic device with dual battery configuration, and associated method
US7605566B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2009-10-20 International Business Machines Corporation Staggered backup battery charging system
US7345455B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2008-03-18 International Business Machines Corporation Staggered backup battery charging system
US7646172B2 (en) 2004-11-18 2010-01-12 International Business Machines Corporation Staggered backup battery charging system
US8846224B2 (en) 2006-10-16 2014-09-30 Lg Chem, Ltd. High power secondary battery system comprising asymmetric charged cells
EP2076929A1 (fr) * 2006-10-16 2009-07-08 LG Chem, Ltd. Système de batterie auxiliaire haute puissance comprenant des éléments chargés asymétriques
JP2010507215A (ja) * 2006-10-16 2010-03-04 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 非対称に充電される単電池を備えた高出力二次電池システム
EP2076929A4 (fr) * 2006-10-16 2010-08-25 Lg Chemical Ltd Système de batterie auxiliaire haute puissance comprenant des éléments chargés asymétriques
WO2009019568A2 (fr) * 2007-08-09 2009-02-12 Sung On Andrew Ng Ensemble batterie et système électrique pour faire fonctionner un moteur automobile
WO2009019568A3 (fr) * 2007-08-09 2009-04-02 Sung On Andrew Ng Ensemble batterie et système électrique pour faire fonctionner un moteur automobile
EP2612391A4 (fr) * 2010-08-30 2016-08-03 Highwater Innovations Llc Accumulateur au plomb-acide à régulation par soupape spiralé à faible rapport de forme
EP2939074A4 (fr) * 2012-12-26 2016-08-17 Intel Corp Support de piles de type à cellules mélangées et ses utilisations
WO2014105611A1 (fr) 2012-12-26 2014-07-03 Intel Corporation Support de piles de type à cellules mélangées et ses utilisations
US10133331B2 (en) 2012-12-26 2018-11-20 Intel Corporation Mixed cell type battery module and uses thereof
DE102013220898A1 (de) * 2013-10-15 2015-04-16 Continental Automotive Gmbh Batteriesystem für ein Fahrzeug sowie Anordnung aus einem Verbrennungsmotor und einem solchen Batteriesystem
WO2016011437A1 (fr) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 Iterna, Llc Prolongation de la durée de vie en stockage de batteries rechargeables
US10447056B2 (en) 2014-07-18 2019-10-15 Iterna, Llc Extending shelf life of rechargeable batteries
US11670954B2 (en) 2016-09-15 2023-06-06 Form Energy, Inc. Hybrid battery system

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