WO2000054353A1 - Procede permettant de faire fonctionner une installation a piles a combustible et ladite installation - Google Patents

Procede permettant de faire fonctionner une installation a piles a combustible et ladite installation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000054353A1
WO2000054353A1 PCT/DE2000/000509 DE0000509W WO0054353A1 WO 2000054353 A1 WO2000054353 A1 WO 2000054353A1 DE 0000509 W DE0000509 W DE 0000509W WO 0054353 A1 WO0054353 A1 WO 0054353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
drive motor
cell system
water
air compressor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2000/000509
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Willi Bette
Christian Merkel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2000054353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000054353A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
    • B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system and to a fuel cell system.
  • the technical implementation of the principle of the fuel cell has led to different solutions, namely with different types of electrolytes and with operating temperatures between 80 ° C and 1000 ° C. Depending on their operating temperature, the fuel cells are divided into low, medium and high temperature fuel cells, which in turn differ from one another in different technical embodiments.
  • a fuel cell alone supplies an operating voltage of less than one volt.
  • a large number of fuel cells are therefore stacked and combined to form a fuel line block.
  • Such a block is used in the specialist literature also called “stack *.
  • the operating voltage of a fuel cell system can be a few 100 volts.
  • One or more fuel cells cannot be operated by themselves. They are therefore operated in a fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell block, an operating part and an electronic system control.
  • the operating section includes devices for supplying the fuel cells with operating gases, ie with oxygen - or air - and fuel gas.
  • the operating part includes devices for product water removal, for heat removal, and the discharge of the electrical current generated in the fuel cells.
  • the electronic system control controls the interaction of the various facilities of the fuel cell system.
  • a fuel cell system works particularly effectively and inexpensively when its overall efficiency is high.
  • the overall efficiency of a fuel cell system is made up of the electrical and thermal efficiency of the system.
  • the electrical and thermal efficiency results from the electrical and thermal energy generated and usable per quantity of fuel.
  • a high overall efficiency is achieved if much of the electrical and thermal energy generated is used for applications outside the fuel cell system. As a rule, priority is given to the generation of electrical energy because electrical energy is economically more valuable than thermal energy.
  • auxiliary energy is no longer available for applications outside the fuel cell system.
  • a high power consumption need of the drives i.e. a high demand for auxiliary energy, thus lowers the electrical efficiency of a fuel cell system.
  • the ratio of auxiliary energy to the generated electrical energy is particularly unfavorable for small fuel cell systems with an output of just a few kW, which can be operated in single-family houses, for example.
  • the auxiliary energy required must be reduced to a minimum, for example by reducing the power of the drives to a minimum.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for operating a fuel cell system in which a high electrical efficiency of the fuel cell system is achieved.
  • the invention is also based on the object of specifying a fuel cell system which has a high electrical efficiency.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved by a method for operating a fuel cell system which comprises a fuel cell block, an air compressor, a water pump and an electronic system control, in which, according to the invention, the air compressor and the water pump are driven by a common drive motor.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the power consumption, that is to say the need for auxiliary energy, of components of a fuel cell system can be reduced by two components, which were previously each driven by their own drive motor, being Drive motor to be driven.
  • This common drive motor must then be able to perform better than each of two separate drive motors.
  • the power loss of a common drive motor which generally results from frictional losses, is less than the power loss of two separate drive motors combined. Therefore, the electricity consumption of the common drive motor less than the power consumption of two separate drive motors combined.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the speed of the drive of a water pump, for example a cooling water circulating pump or a pump for product water removal, which is currently required in the operation of the fuel cell system, is dependent on the current output of the fuel cell block. If the fuel cell block provides a high output, the heat generation in the fuel cell block is also high.
  • the required speed ie the required output, for example of a cooling water circulating pump, which pumps the cooling water of a cooling water circuit through the fuel cell block, is also correspondingly high.
  • the adjustment of the speed of a drive of a water pump to the power currently provided by the fuel cell block is usually dispensed with in conventional fuel cell systems because of the additionally required speed controller.
  • Such a drive is usually operated at a preset, high speed during the operation of the fuel cell system.
  • the drives use up an unnecessarily large amount of energy.
  • a power-dependent speed regulation of the drive thus leads to a reduction in the power consumption of the drive.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the control of the power output of a fuel cell block takes place via the supply amount of air or oxygen into the fuel cell block.
  • the supply amount of air is usually controlled by a speed controller of the drive of the air compressor of the fuel cell system.
  • a speed controller of the drive of the air compressor of the fuel cell system When the air compressor and a water pump are driven by a common, speed-controlled drive motor, a double advantage is achieved: without an additional speed controller, the water is serpump operated at a speed adapted to the current output of the fuel cell block. And two drive motors are replaced by one.
  • the use of a common drive motor thus leads to the advantage described above of the lower power consumption of the drive motor compared to the use of two conventional motors.
  • the invention therefore reduces the consumption of auxiliary energy by components of the fuel cell system and thus increases the electrical efficiency of the fuel cell system.
  • the motor for the air compressor and the motor for the water pump are the main consumers of electrical energy.
  • the energy required to operate the air compressor and water pump is up to a third of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell system.
  • the combination of the drive motors of the air compressor and water pump is therefore associated with a particularly high advantage, particularly in the case of small, in particular mobile, fuel cell systems.
  • the weight of the fuel cell system plays an important role, particularly in a fuel cell system in a vehicle.
  • the invention can also bring an important advantage here, since a common drive motor is lighter than two separate small motors combined.
  • the speed of the drive motor is controlled by the electronic system control of the fuel cell system.
  • the electronic system control controls, for example, the speed controller of the drive motor.
  • the power output of the fuel line block is usually controlled by the electronic system control. Controlling the speed of the common drive motor by the electronic system control thus has the advantage that it is direct can be coupled to the power output of the fuel cell block.
  • the speed of the drive motor is expediently controlled by a predetermined power control variable, which also controls the electrical power output of the fuel cell block.
  • This power control variable is, for example, the current setpoint of the fuel cell block or the internal resistance of a consumer connected to the fuel cell system or the accelerator pedal position of a vehicle driven by the fuel cell system.
  • the water pump advantageously pumps the water of a cooling water circuit. In this way it is achieved that the pumping speed of such a cooling water circulation pump is coupled to the power output of the fuel cell block. This makes sense because the heat emission from the fuel cell block is directly dependent on the necessary cooling.
  • cooling water is cooled by water from a heating water circuit which is thermally connected to the cooling water circuit.
  • the thermal connection is established, for example, by a heat exchanger.
  • the water in the heating water circuit is led, for example, through heating in a house.
  • the thermal energy stored in the cooling water is passed on to the water in the heating water circuit and thus made usable for heating, for example, a house.
  • the drive motor is cooled with water from the heating water circuit.
  • the heat generated in the drive motor is fed directly to the heating water circuit and thus made available.
  • a fuel cell system which, according to the invention, comprises a fuel cell block, an air compressor, a water pump, an electronic system control and a drive motor which is designed for the common drive of the air compressor and the water pump.
  • a fuel cell system can be operated with a high electrical efficiency in the manner described above.
  • the fuel cell block comprises PEM fuel cells.
  • PEM fuel cells are operated at a low operating temperature of around 80 ° C, have a favorable overload behavior and a long service life. In addition, they show a favorable behavior with fast load changes and can be operated with air instead of pure oxygen. All of these properties make PEM fuel cells particularly suitable for use in the mobile sector, such as for driving a wide variety of vehicles.
  • the figure shows a fuel cell system 1 in a highly simplified, schematic representation. It is intended for operation in a motor vehicle.
  • the fuel cell system 1 comprises a fuel cell block
  • an air compressor 4 a water pump 6, which pumps the water of a cooling water circuit 8, a common drive motor 10 for the air compressor 4 and the water pump 6, an electronic system controller 12 and a heat exchanger 14, which thermally cools the cooling water circuit 8 with a heating water circuit 16 connects.
  • the common drive motor 10 drives the water pump 6 and the air compressor 4.
  • the speed of the drive motor 10 is controlled by the electronic system controller 12, which gives a control signal to the speed controller of the drive motor 10, not shown in the drawing.
  • the electronic system controller 12 sends the control signal as a function of a power control variable to the drive motor 10, which also controls the electronic power output of the fuel cell block 2.
  • the power control variable thus also controls the speed of the drive motor 10.
  • the drive motor 10 is cooled by the water from the colder return of the heating water circuit 16.
  • the water is piped to and from the drive motor 10.
  • the lines are not shown in the figure.
  • the air compressor 4 is a liquid ring compressor. It sucks in air for the operation of the fuel cells of the fuel cell block 2 via an operating air inlet 18, compresses it and supplies it to the fuel cell block 2. Used operating air is conducted out of the fuel cell system through the operating air path 20. In the liquid ring compressor 4, the air is not only compressed to a predetermined density, which has an advantageous effect on the operation of the fuel cells, but is also humidified at the same time. This moistening considerably extends the life of the electrolyte membranes that are used in the so-called PEM fuel cells (polymer electrolyte membrane) of the fuel cell block 2.
  • a setpoint for the current is formed and thereby the speed of the drive motor 10 are determined.
  • a setpoint for the current to be generated by the fuel cell system 1 is predetermined, such a setpoint ultimately causing the system controller 12 to output the power of the
  • Fuel cell system 1 and the speed of the drive motor 10 are specified accordingly.
  • the air compressor 4 and the water pump 6 are driven by a common speed-controlled drive motor 10.
  • Auxiliary energy consumption of the air compressor 4 and the water pump 6 is considerably reduced compared to conventional operating methods.
  • little of the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell block 2 is consumed by the fuel cell system 1 as auxiliary energy itself.
  • a fuel cell system operated with this method therefore has a high electrical efficiency.

Abstract

Le rendement électrique d'une installation (1) à piles à combustible se traduit par l'énergie électrique utilisable à l'extérieur de l'installation (1) à piles à combustible produite par quantité de combustible. Selon ledit procédé, la consommation d'énergie auxiliaire nécessaire pour faire fonctionner l'installation est diminuée, ce qui augmente l'énergie électrique qui peut être utilisée à l'extérieur de l'installation (1) à piles à combustible. Selon ledit procédé, le compresseur d'air (4) et une pompe (6) à eau de l'installation (1) à piles à combustible sont actionnés par un moteur (10) d'entraînement commun à vitesse de rotation régulée.
PCT/DE2000/000509 1999-03-10 2000-02-23 Procede permettant de faire fonctionner une installation a piles a combustible et ladite installation WO2000054353A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19910701 1999-03-10
DE19910701.7 1999-03-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000054353A1 true WO2000054353A1 (fr) 2000-09-14

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PCT/DE2000/000509 WO2000054353A1 (fr) 1999-03-10 2000-02-23 Procede permettant de faire fonctionner une installation a piles a combustible et ladite installation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2000054353A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010026047A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Hochschule Bochum Fahrzeug mit einer Vakuumpumpe
WO2022157206A3 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-09-22 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif de transport de milieux

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5645950A (en) * 1993-06-07 1997-07-08 Daimler-Benz Ag Process for supplying air to a fuel cell system
US5646852A (en) * 1993-07-08 1997-07-08 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for vehicle fuel cell dynamic power control
US5662184A (en) * 1994-04-12 1997-09-02 Daimler-Benz Ag Arrangement of a drive unit in an electric vehicle
DE19640808C1 (de) * 1996-10-02 1997-11-27 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlage
EP0919425A1 (fr) * 1997-12-01 1999-06-02 dbb fuel cell engines GmbH Entrainement par pile a combustible avec moteur de propulsion, connecte directement a un dispositif d'alimentation de fluide
FR2788631A1 (fr) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-21 Renault Pile a combustible

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5645950A (en) * 1993-06-07 1997-07-08 Daimler-Benz Ag Process for supplying air to a fuel cell system
US5646852A (en) * 1993-07-08 1997-07-08 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for vehicle fuel cell dynamic power control
US5662184A (en) * 1994-04-12 1997-09-02 Daimler-Benz Ag Arrangement of a drive unit in an electric vehicle
DE19640808C1 (de) * 1996-10-02 1997-11-27 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer PEM-Brennstoffzellenanlage
EP0919425A1 (fr) * 1997-12-01 1999-06-02 dbb fuel cell engines GmbH Entrainement par pile a combustible avec moteur de propulsion, connecte directement a un dispositif d'alimentation de fluide
FR2788631A1 (fr) * 1999-01-19 2000-07-21 Renault Pile a combustible

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010026047A1 (de) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Hochschule Bochum Fahrzeug mit einer Vakuumpumpe
WO2022157206A3 (fr) * 2021-01-22 2022-09-22 Cellcentric Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif de transport de milieux

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