WO2000038305A9 - A synchronous flyback converter - Google Patents

A synchronous flyback converter

Info

Publication number
WO2000038305A9
WO2000038305A9 PCT/SE1999/002390 SE9902390W WO0038305A9 WO 2000038305 A9 WO2000038305 A9 WO 2000038305A9 SE 9902390 W SE9902390 W SE 9902390W WO 0038305 A9 WO0038305 A9 WO 0038305A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transistor
terminal
converter
secondary side
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1999/002390
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2000038305A1 (en
Inventor
Bo Hedenskog
Claes Svaerdsjoe
Original Assignee
Ericsson Telefon Ab L M
Bo Hedenskog
Claes Svaerdsjoe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ericsson Telefon Ab L M, Bo Hedenskog, Claes Svaerdsjoe filed Critical Ericsson Telefon Ab L M
Priority to AU30920/00A priority Critical patent/AU3092000A/en
Priority to CA002356187A priority patent/CA2356187A1/en
Priority to JP2000590281A priority patent/JP2002534049A/en
Priority to EP99964889A priority patent/EP1145415A1/en
Priority to KR1020017007808A priority patent/KR20010093856A/en
Publication of WO2000038305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000038305A1/en
Publication of WO2000038305A9 publication Critical patent/WO2000038305A9/en
Priority to HK02105160.1A priority patent/HK1043447B/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a DC-DC converter circuit, and in particular to a synchronous flyback converter circuit for operation in a continuous mode.
  • flyback topology One way of obtaining a suitable rectifier circuit is to use flyback topology.
  • a flyback topology a primary side stores magnetic energy in a magnetisable core or the like during a charging interval . The energy is then fed to a secondary side during the so called flyback interval .
  • the main advantage of a power rectifier circuit having a flyback topology compared to other rectifier circuits is its simple construction, which makes it cheap to manufacture.
  • flyback converters can be divided into two different kinds:
  • a conventional flyback converter comprises, on the primary side, a primary winding of a transformer and a switch, and on the secondary side a secondary winding of the transformer connected to a diode and an output capacitor over which a load can be connected.
  • Such a converter has a large voltage drop over the diode.
  • the voltage drop over the diode becomes a significant part of the overall voltage, which makes the power converter inefficient for such low voltage applications.
  • a FET transistor which has a much lower voltage drop can be used on the secondary side. Such an arrangement will reduce the losses on the secondary side .
  • the FET transistor can for example be directly connected to an auxiliary winding arranged in series with the secondary winding of the transformer.
  • a converter designed according to these principles is for example described in the co-pending Swedish patent application No. 9801595-1.
  • a drive pulse is generated by an inverting buffer circuit, which is fed from the output voltage.
  • the drive signal to the synchronous switch becomes independent of the input voltage and the drive losses can thereby be minimized.
  • - Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a continuous mode DC-DC converter .
  • Figs. 2a - 2c are timing diagrams.
  • a DC-DC converter is shown.
  • the power converter comprises, on the primary side, a primary winding 101 and a switch 103.
  • the primary winding is supplied with power from a DC voltage source 105.
  • the switch can for example be an n-channel MOSFET transistor Ql as shown in the figure .
  • the drain terminal of the transistor Ql is connected to a first terminal of the primary winding 101 and the source is connected to the low voltage input terminal of the voltage source 105.
  • the switch is controlled by a control device (not shown) connected to the gate of the transistor Ql, and is arranged to switch the transistor Ql on and off at desired times .
  • the control device can for example collect control data from the output terminals of the secondary side of the converter.
  • the DC-voltage source 105 can in turn be connected to an AC- voltage supply (not shown) via a rectifying circuit .
  • the primary side feeds a secondary side with energy via a transformer M2.
  • the secondary side comprises a secondary winding 109 having an opposite winding direction than the winding on the primary side.
  • a first terminal 111 of the winding 109 is connected to a first terminal 113 of a resistor Rl, the emitter 115 of a PNP transistor Q3 , and to a first terminal 117 of an output capacitor CO.
  • the second terminal 119 of the resistor Rl is connected to a first terminal 121 of a resistor R2 , the second terminal 123 of which is connected to the second terminal 125 of the winding 109.
  • the base 127 of the transistor Q3 is connected to a point 129 between the second terminal 119 of the resistor Rl and the first terminal 121 of the resistor R2.
  • the collector 131 of the transistor Q3 is connected to the collector 133 of a NPN transistor Q4.
  • the base 135 of the transistor Q4 is in a preferred embodiment connected to the second terminal 125 of the winding 109 via a resistor R3 and a capacitor Cl connected in series.
  • the emitter 137 of the transistor Q4 is connected to the second terminal 139 of the capacitor CO and to the source 141 of a FET transistor Q2.
  • the gate 143 of the transistor Q2 is connected to a point 145 between the collector terminals of the transistors Q3 and Q4.
  • the drain of the transistor Q2 is connected to the second terminal 125 of the winding 109.
  • a load ZL can be connected between the terminals of the output capacitor CO.
  • Fig. 2b the voltage appearing between the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer M2 at the corresponding time is shown.
  • Fig. 2c the voltage appearing between the gate and source terminals of the transistor Q2 at the corresponding time is shown.
  • the pulse generating circuit arrangement generates a drive signal to the synchronous switch which is independent of the input voltage and the drive losses can thereby be minimized.

Abstract

In a continuous mode flyback converter having a synchronous switch (Q2) the drive pulse to the switch (Q2) on the secondary side is generated by an inverting buffer circuit being fed from the output voltage terminal. By using such an arrangement several advantages are obtained. Hence, the pulse generating circuit arrangement generates a drive signal to the synchronous switch which is independent of the input voltage and the drive losses can thereby be minimized.

Description

A SYNCHRONOUS FLYBACK CONVERTER
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a DC-DC converter circuit, and in particular to a synchronous flyback converter circuit for operation in a continuous mode.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
In DC-DC power supply of different kinds of electrical devices, power rectifiers are utilized in order to output a correct rectified output voltage. Typically a diode would be employed on the secondary side in order to obtain the rectified output voltage.
One way of obtaining a suitable rectifier circuit is to use flyback topology. In a flyback topology a primary side stores magnetic energy in a magnetisable core or the like during a charging interval . The energy is then fed to a secondary side during the so called flyback interval . The main advantage of a power rectifier circuit having a flyback topology compared to other rectifier circuits is its simple construction, which makes it cheap to manufacture.
Furthermore, flyback converters can be divided into two different kinds:
- continuous mode flyback converters, and
- discontinuous mode flyback converters.
In a continuous mode flyback converter the magnetic energy never drops to zero so that energy is continuously flowing either in or out of the core of the transformer, whereas in a discontinuous mode, intervals when energy is neither flowing in nor out of the core of the transformer occurs.
A conventional flyback converter comprises, on the primary side, a primary winding of a transformer and a switch, and on the secondary side a secondary winding of the transformer connected to a diode and an output capacitor over which a load can be connected. Such a converter has a large voltage drop over the diode. Thus, in the case when the output voltage over the output capacitor is low, the voltage drop over the diode becomes a significant part of the overall voltage, which makes the power converter inefficient for such low voltage applications.
In order to solve this problem a FET transistor, which has a much lower voltage drop can be used on the secondary side. Such an arrangement will reduce the losses on the secondary side . The FET transistor can for example be directly connected to an auxiliary winding arranged in series with the secondary winding of the transformer. A converter designed according to these principles is for example described in the co-pending Swedish patent application No. 9801595-1.
However, in such driving structures, where an auxiliary winding is used, the gate amplitude of the FET on the secondary side will depend on the input voltage, i.e. the voltage applied to the primary side. This will cause excessive drive losses, since the drive amplitude must be designed for the lowest input voltage in such a case. This is particularly a problem in applications where a large input voltage range is desired. Furthermore, other DC-DC converters according to the state of the art are described in WO 98/04028 and in WO 95/02918.
Also, in the US patent No. 5,719,755 a DC-DC converter is described.
SUMMARY
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the problems as outlined above and to provide a continuous mode flyback converter which has a simple construction, and yet being efficient compared to the converters according to the prior art, and which particularly well suited for a large input voltage range .
This object and others are obtained by the power converters as set out in the appended claims . Thus, a drive pulse is generated by an inverting buffer circuit, which is fed from the output voltage. By using such a pulse generating circuit, the drive signal to the synchronous switch becomes independent of the input voltage and the drive losses can thereby be minimized.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described in more detail by way of non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a continuous mode DC-DC converter .
- Figs. 2a - 2c are timing diagrams.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In Fig. 1 a DC-DC converter is shown. The power converter comprises, on the primary side, a primary winding 101 and a switch 103. The primary winding is supplied with power from a DC voltage source 105. The switch can for example be an n-channel MOSFET transistor Ql as shown in the figure . The drain terminal of the transistor Ql is connected to a first terminal of the primary winding 101 and the source is connected to the low voltage input terminal of the voltage source 105. The switch is controlled by a control device (not shown) connected to the gate of the transistor Ql, and is arranged to switch the transistor Ql on and off at desired times . The control device can for example collect control data from the output terminals of the secondary side of the converter.
The DC-voltage source 105 can in turn be connected to an AC- voltage supply (not shown) via a rectifying circuit . The primary side feeds a secondary side with energy via a transformer M2. The secondary side comprises a secondary winding 109 having an opposite winding direction than the winding on the primary side. A first terminal 111 of the winding 109 is connected to a first terminal 113 of a resistor Rl, the emitter 115 of a PNP transistor Q3 , and to a first terminal 117 of an output capacitor CO. The second terminal 119 of the resistor Rl is connected to a first terminal 121 of a resistor R2 , the second terminal 123 of which is connected to the second terminal 125 of the winding 109.
The base 127 of the transistor Q3 is connected to a point 129 between the second terminal 119 of the resistor Rl and the first terminal 121 of the resistor R2. The collector 131 of the transistor Q3 is connected to the collector 133 of a NPN transistor Q4.
The base 135 of the transistor Q4 is in a preferred embodiment connected to the second terminal 125 of the winding 109 via a resistor R3 and a capacitor Cl connected in series. The emitter 137 of the transistor Q4 is connected to the second terminal 139 of the capacitor CO and to the source 141 of a FET transistor Q2. The gate 143 of the transistor Q2 is connected to a point 145 between the collector terminals of the transistors Q3 and Q4. The drain of the transistor Q2 is connected to the second terminal 125 of the winding 109. A load ZL can be connected between the terminals of the output capacitor CO.
In operation, during the on-time of Ql, i.e. when the control device makes the MOSFET transistor conducting, energy is stored in the core of the transformer M2. Due to the winding direction a positive voltage will appear at the drain terminal of the transistor Q2. The transistor Q4 will at the same time be conducting and the transistor Q2 will therefore be switched off.
When the transistor Ql is turned off by the control device, the polarity in the windings of the transformer M2 are reversed due to the energy stored in the core of the transformer M2. The reversed polarities will cause a negative voltage to appear at the drain terminal of the transistor Q2. Via the voltage divider provided by the resistors Rl and R2 , the reversed polarity on the secondary side will cause the transistor Q3 to conduct . When the transistor Q3 starts to conduct the gate terminal 143 of the transistor Q2 goes high and the transistor Q2 starts to conduct. The capacitor Cl and the resistor R3 are provided so that the turn off and turn on times for the transistor Q3 will be low. In Figs 2a - 2c, the timing of the circuit shown in Fig 1 is illustrated. Thus, in Fig. 2c the voltage appearing at the gate of the transistor Ql is shown.
In Fig. 2b, the voltage appearing between the terminals of the secondary winding of the transformer M2 at the corresponding time is shown. In Fig. 2c the voltage appearing between the gate and source terminals of the transistor Q2 at the corresponding time is shown.
Thus, by providing an arrangement where a drive pulse to the FET transistor on the secondary side is generated by an inverting buffer circuit being fed from the output voltage terminal several advantages are obtained. Hence, the pulse generating circuit arrangement generates a drive signal to the synchronous switch which is independent of the input voltage and the drive losses can thereby be minimized.
Furthermore, no auxiliary winding on the secondary side is required as in the co-pending Swedish patent application No. 9801595-1, which can be an advantage in some applications.
The invention is not limited to the implementation described in conjunction with Figs. 1, 2a, 2b and 2c, but can easily be modified without deviating from the scope of the appended claims .

Claims

1. A continuous mode flyback converter having a primary and a secondary side, the secondary side comprising a synchronous switch (Q2) , having an arrangement operating in response to the output voltage of the converter arranged to control the synchronous switch, characterized in that the arrangement for controlling the switch comprises a PNP transistor (Q3) , the emitter of which is connected to a first output terminal (117) of the converter and an NPN transistor (Q4) , the emitter of which is connected to a second output terminal (139) of the converter and the collector of the transistor (Q4) being connected to a control input terminal (143) of the switch (Q2) .
2. A converter according to claim 1, characterized in that base terminal (127) of the transistor (Q3) is fed from the terminals of the secondary side via a voltage divider circuit (Rl, R2) .
3. A converter according to claim 2, characterized in that the voltage divider circuit comprises two resistors (Rl and R2) connected in series .
4. A converter according to any of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that base terminal (135) of the transistor (Q4) is fed from a terminal (125) of the secondary side.
5. A converter according to claim 4, characterized in that the that the base terminal (135) of the transistor (Q4) is connected to the terminal (125) of the secondary side via a circuit comprising a resistor (R3) and a capacitor (Cl) connected in series .
6. A converter according to any of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that switch (Q2) is a FET transistor, in particular a MOSFET transistor.
PCT/SE1999/002390 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 A synchronous flyback converter WO2000038305A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU30920/00A AU3092000A (en) 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 A synchronous flyback converter
CA002356187A CA2356187A1 (en) 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 A synchronous flyback converter
JP2000590281A JP2002534049A (en) 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 Synchronous flyback converter
EP99964889A EP1145415A1 (en) 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 A synchronous flyback converter
KR1020017007808A KR20010093856A (en) 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 A synchronous flyback converter
HK02105160.1A HK1043447B (en) 1998-12-21 2002-07-11 A synchronous flyback converter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9804454A SE517220C2 (en) 1998-12-21 1998-12-21 Synchronous flyback converter
SE9804454-8 1998-12-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000038305A1 WO2000038305A1 (en) 2000-06-29
WO2000038305A9 true WO2000038305A9 (en) 2000-12-07

Family

ID=20413780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1999/002390 WO2000038305A1 (en) 1998-12-21 1999-12-16 A synchronous flyback converter

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1145415A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002534049A (en)
KR (1) KR20010093856A (en)
CN (1) CN1135682C (en)
AU (1) AU3092000A (en)
CA (1) CA2356187A1 (en)
HK (1) HK1043447B (en)
SE (1) SE517220C2 (en)
TW (1) TW456096B (en)
WO (1) WO2000038305A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100568319B1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-05 삼성전기주식회사 Flyback converter with synchronous rectifier
US8310846B2 (en) * 2007-05-30 2012-11-13 Power-One Italy S.P.A. Single secondary rectification multi-outputs flyback converter adapted to minimize the number of components
CN101359873B (en) * 2007-08-02 2010-09-08 洋鑫科技股份有限公司 Flyback voltage converter having self-driving synchronous rectifier
AT14080U1 (en) * 2013-08-12 2015-04-15 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Control circuit for a control gear for bulbs

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3422777A1 (en) * 1984-06-20 1986-01-02 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Controlled rectifier element, which is connected to an inductor, and its use
US4870555A (en) * 1988-10-14 1989-09-26 Compaq Computer Corporation High-efficiency DC-to-DC power supply with synchronous rectification
JP2845188B2 (en) * 1995-12-11 1999-01-13 サンケン電気株式会社 DC-DC converter
US5818704A (en) * 1997-04-17 1998-10-06 International Rectifier Corporation Synchronizing/driving circuit for a forward synchronous rectifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20010093856A (en) 2001-10-29
JP2002534049A (en) 2002-10-08
HK1043447A1 (en) 2002-09-13
SE517220C2 (en) 2002-05-07
EP1145415A1 (en) 2001-10-17
CA2356187A1 (en) 2000-06-29
SE9804454D0 (en) 1998-12-21
CN1135682C (en) 2004-01-21
TW456096B (en) 2001-09-21
HK1043447B (en) 2004-12-03
AU3092000A (en) 2000-07-12
WO2000038305A1 (en) 2000-06-29
CN1331863A (en) 2002-01-16
SE9804454L (en) 2000-06-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6373727B1 (en) Synchronous rectification in a flyback converter
US6760235B2 (en) Soft start for a synchronous rectifier in a power converter
US5781420A (en) Single ended forward DC-to-DC converter providing enhanced resetting for synchronous rectification
US6831847B2 (en) Synchronous rectifier drive circuit and power supply including same
US6058026A (en) Multiple output converter having a single transformer winding and independent output regulation
US6570268B1 (en) Synchronous rectifier drive circuit and power supply including same
US20030185021A1 (en) Combined transformer-inductor device for application to DC-to-DC converter with synchronous rectifier
US7596003B2 (en) Electric power converter
US6859372B2 (en) Bridge-buck converter with self-driven synchronous rectifiers
US7400519B2 (en) Switching power supply
JP3346543B2 (en) Switching power supply
WO1999057799A1 (en) A continuous mode flyback converter
US7092260B2 (en) Short-circuiting rectifier for a switched-mode power supply
WO2000038305A9 (en) A synchronous flyback converter
JP4201161B2 (en) Switching power supply
JPH1118426A (en) Switching power supply circuit
JP7286295B2 (en) Gate drive devices, isolated DC/DC converters, AC/DC converters, power adapters and electrical equipment
JP2740476B2 (en) FET rectifier circuit
JP2000050625A (en) Switching power supply circuit
JP2002119058A (en) Multiple-output, synchronous-rectification, switching power supply
JP3518386B2 (en) Switching power supply
JP3419343B2 (en) DC-DC converter
JP3302808B2 (en) Switching power supply
JPS642556Y2 (en)
JP2002136121A (en) Switching power device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 99814777.X

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: C2

Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: C2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

COP Corrected version of pamphlet

Free format text: PAGE 1/1, DRAWINGS, REPLACED BY A NEW PAGE 1/1; DUE TO LATE TRANSMITTAL BY THE RECEIVING OFFICE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2356187

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2356187

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1020017007808

Country of ref document: KR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2000 590281

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1999964889

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1999964889

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1020017007808

Country of ref document: KR

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1020017007808

Country of ref document: KR