Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
  • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
  • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
  • E04B5/40—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
  • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor

Definitions

• the given invention concerns active formwork of concrete structures, namely horizontal structures, but also vertical load-bearing structures.
• Active formwork consists of self-contained elements made of thin- walled material, mainly sheet metal, with gang nails oriented into the concrete mix.
• the methods of reinforcing concrete structures applied to date include dispersed reinforcement, concentric reinforcement and coupled reinforcement.
• Dispersed reinforcement is produced by adding such particles into the concrete mix that are able to transfer the tensile stresses due to the bending moment.
• the main drawback of this solution is the fact that the reinforcing particles are found along the whole cross section, i.e. even in the points where their presence is unnecessary.
• the application of formwork or moulds is also necessary.
• Another disadvantage of this method consists in its rather complicated and demanding technology. In comparison with other types of reinforcement, the load-bearing capacity of dispersed reinforcement is low.
• concentric or member reinforcement consists in placing reinforcement inside a mould, subsequently filled with concrete.
• mould manufacture which is expensive and complicated, the time consuming preparation for work and non-precise and unidentifiable position of reinforcement in the final product.
• the method is based mainly on bonding porous concrete with its reinforcement. It combines all drawbacks of classic concrete structures, such as the necessity of formwork application, inaccuracy of the upper face etc.
• the principle of a coupled structure consists in fixing beams to the main girder grid. Both the beams and the girders are made of steel sections. The beams are usually one meter, but exceptionally up to three meters, apart. Profiled sheets laid on the top of the beams form permanent formwork. At pre-set distances, there are pins fixing the sheet metal to the bearing steel profiles. A specified concrete mix cover is applied on the profiled sheeting.
• the design also includes a steel channel that functions as a one-dimensional element or a member. Such channels could not act as a rigid floor slab, even if they were put closely side by side.
• the CS 149428 file gives an example of a coupled building slab and the method of its manufacturing. It refers namely to the production of prefabricates which are not suitable for manufacturing monolithic structures. A potential bonding of individual slabs is provided by means of complicated details used in steel framing systems. The resulting structure designed in this way does not behave as a monolith.
• This invention consists of separate elements made of thin-walled material, mainly sheet metal, fitted with gang nails oriented into the space filled with the concrete mix.
• the invention is based on self-contained, self-supporting, three-dimensional elements in the shape of hollow "C"s, whose two (or more) sides are fitted with gang nails oriented into the concrete mix.
• the holes formed at the points where the gang nails are cut in metal remain unblocked. Additional apertures are made at the contact surfaces between individual elements. Adjacent elements are interconnected by concrete mix passing through the additional holes to form a continuous concrete slab.
• the serviceable element is a hollow figure, whose profile resembles a horizontally positioned letter "C" opened upwards.
• the gang nails are situated at the longest side of the C-shaped element forming its bottom and at the short sides parallel to the longest side forming its upper face. Additional apertures at the lateral contact side of the element can be triangular or circular in shape. Additional apertures are used for mounting specially designed transversal reinforcement to form transversally reinforced concrete structures.
• Another serviceable element takes the form of a C-shaped hollow figure opened sideways.
• the element is consists of lateral sides in the shape of longer bases which are fitted with gang nails and of a web, forming the contact side, which is fitted with additional apertures. Additional apertures are conveniently used for mounting transversal reinforcement.
• the main advantages of the above described method are: simple preparation of active formwork elements for bearing structures, fast and simple concreting and a high-precision surface attained by screeding along the upper edge. Another advantage is optimal consumption of steel, lower in comparison with commonly used methods.
• the gang nails are easy to manufacture by pressing, while the strength of the basic sheet metal remains undiminished, and together with concrete they produce a solid continuous structure.
• the apertures at the lateral sides of elements make the sheet metal lighter, decrease its consumption, increase its rigidity, allowing, at the same time, for mounting transversal reinforcement or for connecting to the adjacent element of active formwork.
• the active formwork of this design allows for two-way stress, and each individual element may be positioned with perfect precision.
• Active formwork of this design allows for easy finishing. And to conclude, it is universally applicable - active formwork may be combined with any other systems to speed up production and increase its efficiency. Active formwork of this design allows for on-site assembly, which eliminates high costs for transport. Material waste is minimized, and the manufacturing of active formwork and its application can be performed by less qualified labour. Active formwork of concrete structures is applicable not only in horizontal bearing structures, but also in vertical bearing structures. Its design allows for the application of any plaster material. Active formwork of concrete structures according to this invention provides a solution combining reinforcement and formwork in one element.
• Figure n. 1 depicts an example of an element of active formwork of concrete structures in the shape of a horizontally positioned letter "C" in front view.
• Figure n. 2 displays the same element in plan view, and figure n. 3 shows the element in side view.
• Figure n. 4 shows the arrangement of active formwork elements, forming a two-way reinforced floor element in axonometric view, while figure n. 5 gives axonometric view of active formwork elements mounted on supports.
• a model application of active formwork of concrete structures consists of self- contained elements I made of thin- walled plate metal, fitted with gang nails 2 oriented into the concrete mix space.
• Individual elements 1 are self-supporting, three-dimensional hollow figures in the shape of the letter C opened upwards.
• the hollow element I is fitted with gang nails 2 at the longest side 7 of the letter C that forms its bottom and at the short sides 8 parallel to the longest side 7, which form its upper face.
• the gang nails 2 are oriented into the concrete mix.
• the holes arising at the points of gang nails 2 remain unblocked.
• Additional apertures 3 are made at the contact sides of individual elements 1.
• Adjacent self-contained elements I are interconnected by concrete passing through the additional apertures 3 to form a continuous concrete slab.
• Additional apertures 3 at the lateral contact side 9 of the element 1 are circular in shape. Additional apertures 3 serve for mounting transversal reinforcement 5 in order to form a transversally reinforced concrete structure.
• FIG. 1 Another example of implementation shows the element I in the shape of a hollow figure resembling the letter C, open towards its side.
• the element I consists of lateral contact sides 9 in the form of longer bases fitted with gang nails 2 and a web forming the contact side fitted with additional apertures 3. Additional apertures 3 serve for mounting transversal reinforcement 5.
• the gang nails applied in all examples are oblong-shaped with their sides in 1: 10 scale.
• the lateral sides of elements I are fitted with additional circular apertures 3 with a diameter of 160 mm.
• the apertures are 198 mm apart, and they serve for mounting transversal reinforcement 5.
• Individual elements I are placed in the bearing structure side by side to form active formwork, the inside of the elements I being subsequently filled with concrete mix.
• the joint between the plate of the elements I and concrete is secured by gang nails 2 pressed in the plate.
• the apertures appearing in the plate as a result of pressing the gang nails 2 allow, to a certain extent, for concrete leakage to form small corpuscules, important for further processing. When dried, the corpuscules form a dense grid - depending on the quantity and size of the apertures - which facilitates the finishing of the lower face by spatula or classic plastering.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (7)

• 1998
  • 1998-11-27 CZ CZ19983903A patent/CZ390398A3/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-11-26 AU AU12583/00A patent/AU1258300A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-11-26 WO PCT/CZ1999/000045 patent/WO2000032888A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (7)

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