WO2000032538A1 - Beschichtete, elektrisch polarisierbare, nicht magnetische teilchen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Beschichtete, elektrisch polarisierbare, nicht magnetische teilchen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000032538A1 WO2000032538A1 PCT/EP1999/009317 EP9909317W WO0032538A1 WO 2000032538 A1 WO2000032538 A1 WO 2000032538A1 EP 9909317 W EP9909317 W EP 9909317W WO 0032538 A1 WO0032538 A1 WO 0032538A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- sol
- coated
- core particles
- core
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
- C09C3/063—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/006—Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
Definitions
- the invention relates to coated, electrically polarizable, non-magnetic particles, a process for their production by the sol-gel process and their use for the production of electrorheological liquids and composite materials and layers with anisotropic properties.
- Electrorheologic fluids usually consist of fine (d ⁇ 50 ⁇ m) electrically polarizable particles that are dispersed in a liquid medium (oil).
- a liquid medium oil
- electrorheologic liquids have an electrically switchable rheology.
- electrorheological systems are mainly realized by the particles used, which have to meet several, sometimes contradicting requirements. Their density must come as close as possible to that of the oil ( ⁇ 1 g / cm 3 ) so that they do not sediment. They must be well polarizable electrically be, but must not be electrically conductive (short circuit) and particles made of materials with a high dielectric constant lead to high dielectric losses. Both inorganic particles (glass, ceramics, salts) and organic polymer particles were examined.
- US-A-5607617 describes metallic or spherical particles for electrorheologic liquids provided with a metallic layer, the thickness of the insulating layer being in the range from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- Conventional wet chemical deposition processes are used as coating processes, followed by post-treatment at elevated temperature. These customary coating processes are complex and technologically difficult to control and, furthermore, only relatively small layer thicknesses are achieved, so that repeated use of the deposition process is often necessary.
- Si0 2 particles can be provided with a Zr0 2 layer or copper chromium spinel particles with a mullite layer.
- WO 96/41840 describes coated inorganic pigments which are suitable for the production of enamels and moldings. These pigments are obtained by spray drying a sol-pigment dispersion.
- the invention relates to coated, electrically polarizable, non-magnetic particles, comprising electrically conductive, non-magnetic core particles, which have an applied by a spray drying process, an electrically insulating layer of a composition which according to the sol-gel process from inorganic, glass or Ceramic-forming components or organically modified inorganic components has been produced, the proportion of particles without core particles obtained after spray drying being less than 5% by volume.
- the invention further relates to a process for producing these coated particles, which is characterized in that a) one or more glass- or ceramic-forming components or organically modified inorganic components are converted into a sol by the sol-gel process, b ) disperses electrically conductive, non-magnetic core particles in the sol obtained, c) converts the sol-core particle dispersion by spray drying into coated particles which have a xerogel coating or an organically modified inorganic coating, and d) optionally the xerogel coating Heat treatment compacted to a glass or ceramic-like layer or e) optionally the thermally and / or photochemically crosslinked or cured the organically modified inorganic layer.
- Another object of the invention is finally the use of the coated particles for the production of electrorheological liquids and composite materials and layers with anisotropic properties and their Use in barrier layers.
- the core particles used are not magnetic.
- the electrically conductive core particles are e.g. particles which are inherently electrically conductive or non-electrically conductive particles which have been provided with an electrically conductive layer on the surface. All methods known from the prior art can be used for coating with the electrically conductive layer.
- the wet chemical process can be a wet chemical metallization, which is preferably carried out as an electroless Cu, Ag or Au deposition using commercially available deposition baths.
- Al is also preferably used as the metallization material for the vapor deposition processes to be carried out according to the prior art.
- the conductive coating can also be carried out using CVD or sputtering processes with the oxide materials mentioned below, in particular the doped oxide materials.
- the core particles therefore preferably consist either of an electrically conductive material or they are composed of at least 2 materials, at least and preferably only the material of the outer layer being electrically conductive.
- the material for the inner layer (s) is preferably not electrically conductive.
- particles such as. B. polymer particles, glass particles, ceramic powders and mineral powders can be used.
- This material can be in the form of solid particles or, for. B. to allow an adapted density, in the form of hollow particles, ie particles containing voids. It can be glass or hollow glass, for example.
- the particles are spherical or non-spherical in shape.
- Materials suitable for the purposes of the invention for the electrically conductive core particles as such or for the electrically conductive layer on the surface of the multilayer electrically conductive core particles are, for example, metals such as Al, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ti, V, Pb, Fe, Ni and Cr, and in special cases also precious metals such as Au, Ag, Pd and Pt; Metal alloys, in particular from the above-mentioned metals and electrically conductive metal compounds such as copper sulfide and ln 2 0 3l doped oxide compounds such as tin-doped indium oxide, fluorine- or antimony-doped tin oxide or Al-doped zinc oxide, electrically conductive metal borides such as titanium and zinc boride, electrically conductive metal carbides such as titanium carbide and zinc carbide and electrically conductive metal nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN). Electrically conductive carbon-containing compounds such as graphite or carbon black, as well as doped SiC or
- the electrically conductive materials are preferably chosen so that the core particles show no magnetic polarizability.
- the core particle size is preferably in the range from 0.01 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the geometric shape of the core particles can be spherical or non-spherical.
- Spherical shape is understood to mean in particular spherical, but also oval core particles.
- Core particles with a non-spherical shape are e.g. B. flake, tinsel, needle or rod-shaped core particles or core particles in the form of flakes.
- the metals can e.g. can be used in the form of the commercially available metal powder.
- the layers are produced by the known sol-gel process in connection with a spray drying process.
- the core particles to be coated are dispersed in a sol of a suitable composition.
- the electrically insulating layer of the coated particles according to the invention has a composition which comprises inorganic, glass or ceramic-forming components or organically modified inorganic components, preferably oxidic or organically modified, oxidic Components. Examples of such components that can be used in a sol-gel process are described in WO 95/13249, WO 95/28663 and DE 19714949, to which reference is made in full.
- a special embodiment for organically modified, inorganic components that can be used are the sols described in DE 19746885 and DE 19840009, in which the sol particles have polymerizable or polycondensable surface groups (for example epoxy or (meth) acrylic groups).
- organically modified inorganic components are e.g. B. one or more silanes of the general formula
- radicals R are identical or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or an organic, polymerizable or polycondensable radical, with the proviso that not all radicals R are hydrogen;
- radicals X are identical or different and are hydroxyl or a hydrolyzable radical and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, or oligomers derived therefrom (polyorganosiloxanes).
- the hydrolyzable radicals X are preferably selected from halogen atoms (in particular chlorine and bromine), alkoxy groups, alkylcarbonyl groups and acyloxy groups, alkoxy groups, in particular C 1-4 alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy being particularly preferred, n can have the values 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2 and particularly preferably 1.
- the hydrolyzable silanes used can also comprise completely hydrolyzable silanes of the above formula, in which n is 0, preferably in a proportion of less than 50 mol% based on all monomeric hydrolyzable silanes used.
- R ⁇ groups in which R 'is a straight-chain or branched alkylene which can be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms or NH groups, Is phenylene, aikylphenylene or alkylenephenylene and Y is a functional group via which crosslinking is possible.
- Y are optionally substituted amino, amide, alkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted anilino, aldehyde, keto, carboxyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, mercapto, cyano, hydroxyphenyl, carboxylic acid alkyl ester, sulfonic acid , Phosphoric acid, acryloxy, methacryloxy, glycidyloxy, epoxy, allyl or vinyl groups.
- Y is preferably an acryloxy, methacryloxy, glycidyloxy, epoxy, hydroxyl or amino group.
- R'Y radicals are glycidoxyalkyl and (meth) acryloxyalkyl radicals, the alkyl radical preferably having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular glycidoxypropyl and (meth) acryloxypropyl groups.
- the alkyl radicals mean e.g. straight-chain, branched or cyclic radicals having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms and in particular lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, n-hexyl and cyclohexyl.
- the aryl residues contain e.g. 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 14 and in particular 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples are phenyl and naphthyl.
- alkenyl residues are e.g. straight-chain, branched or cyclic radicals having 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms and in particular lower alkenyl radicals, such as vinyl and allyl or 1-propenyl.
- alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, acyloxy, alkylamino, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkylene, aikylphenylene, alkylenephenylene, keto, alkyl carboxylate, substituted amino and substituted anilino residues are derived, for example, from the alkyl and abovementioned Aryl residues. Specific examples are methoxy, ethoxy, n- and i-propoxy, m-, sec- and tert-butoxy, acetyloxy, propionyloxy, benzyl, Tolyl, methylene, ethylene, 1, 3-propylene, trimethylene and toluene.
- radicals mentioned can optionally carry customary substituents, e.g. Halogen atoms, lower alkyl radicals, hydroxyl, nitro and amino groups.
- fluorine chlorine and bromine are preferred, fluorine is particularly preferred. It is particularly preferred to use silanes with (non-hydrolyzable) fluorine-containing radicals, in particular hydrocarbon radicals. Silanes with fluorinated alkyl groups, for example of the formula (ZR ') n SiX 4 , are particularly preferred. n , where R ', X and n are as defined above, where R' is preferably ethylene and Z is a perfluorinated alkyl group having 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 12 and in particular 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Such fluorine-containing silanes are described, for example, in EP 587 667.
- organically modified inorganic components which can be used instead of or in addition to the silanes are compounds of one or more elements which are selected from the main and subgroup metals.
- the main and subgroup metals are preferably those from the third and fourth main groups (in particular B, Al, Ga, Ge and Sn) and the third to fifth subgroups of the silanes.
- Periodic table especially Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and Ta.
- other metal compounds can also lead to advantageous results, such as those of Zn, Mo and W.
- metal compounds which can be used are alkoxides (preferably with C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups) of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium, tin, zinc, tungsten, germanium and boron.
- alkoxides preferably with C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups
- Suitable complexing agents are unsaturated carboxylic acids and ⁇ -dicarbonyl compounds, such as methacrylic acid, acetylacetone and acetoacetic acid ethyl esters.
- organic monomers e.g. epoxides, amines, methacrylates, diacrylates or styrenes
- oligomers can be added to the sols.
- the inorganic glass or ceramic-forming components are e.g. B. conventional single-component or multi-component glass compositions and / or ceramic compositions.
- Suitable one-component systems are, for example, oxide components of glass or ceramic-forming elements such as Si0 2 , Ti0 2 , Zr0 2 , PbO, B 2 0 3 , Al 2 0 3 , P 2 0 5 , alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides and cerium, molybdenum , Tungsten and vanadium oxides.
- Multi-component systems are obtained from mixtures of these components.
- Multi-component systems that can be used are, for example, two-component systems such as 70-90% by weight SiO 2 / 10-30% by weight B 2 0 3 ; Three-component systems such as PbO / B 2 0 3 / Si0 2 and P 2 0 5 / B 2 0 3 / Si0 2 ; and four-component systems such as 65-92% by weight PbO / 5-20% by weight B 2 O 3 / 2-10% by weight Si0 2 / 1-5% by weight ZnO.
- suitable glass compositions are from CJ Brinker, GW Scherer: "Sol-Gel Science - The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel-Processing", Academic Press, Boston, San Diego, New York, Sydney (1990) and in DE 1941191, DE 3719339, DE 4117041 and DE 4217432.
- the elements mentioned are first converted into a sol by the sol-gel process.
- the sol-gel reaction occurs with these
- a condensation catalyst e.g. an acid or base
- hydrolysis and condensation of a liquid or a compound dissolved in a solvent usually in the case of the inorganic components in
- alkali metals eg Na, K, Li
- alkaline earth metals eg Ca, Mg, Ba
- Boron optionally in the presence of an acidic or basic condensation catalyst.
- the sol can contain further components. If the organically modified components contain polymerizable or polycondensable groups, appropriate catalysts / initiators for thermal and / or photochemical curing can also be added.
- the sol can optionally contain components which give the coating special functions, e.g. hydrophobic, hydrophilic, IR-absorbing or corrosion-inhibiting properties.
- the additional components with hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties in particular should be compatible with the liquid medium.
- inorganic particles in the nanometer range ( ⁇ 100 nm) or submicron range (0.01-1 ⁇ m), for example made of Si0 2 , Zr0 2 , Ti0 2 , Ce0 2 or boehmite .
- the electrically polarizable core particles are then dispersed in the sol obtained.
- the dispersion is carried out, for example, by simple stirring or ultrasonic disintegration. If small core particles are used, the dispersions can optionally be stabilized by adding suitable complexing agents. Known dispersion aids can be used to disperse the particles in the liquid medium. If necessary, the surface of the electrically insulating coating z. B. modified by chemical modifiers with functional groups to achieve improved dispersion; see for example DE 44 11 862.
- the sol-core particle dispersion obtained is then spray-dried, in the case of aqueous systems preferably at a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C. This results in particles provided with a xerogel coating or with an organically modified inorganic layer.
- the layer thickness of the electrically insulating layer obtained is preferably 100 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
- Fine fraction is understood to mean a spray grain, that is to say a particle obtained from the spray drying process and which does not contain any core particles, but rather only consists of the material used for the coating. Since this fine fraction does not have the desired properties of the particles according to the invention, spray drying is carried out in a suitable manner, so that the fine fraction, that is to say the proportion of particles without core particles, based on the end product obtained after spray drying, comprising coated particles with core particles and fine fraction less than 5 vol .-%, preferably less than 1 vol .-%.
- the viscosity of the sol should be in the range between 0.1 mPa-s and 150 mPa-s, preferably in the range between 1 mPa-s and 80 mPa-s, particularly preferably in the range between 10 mPa-s and 50 mPa-s become. This can be done using known methods such as varying the solvent content or adding a thickener such as hydroxypropyl cellulose.
- the proportion of core particles to be coated in the sol should be in the range from 5% by weight to 60% by weight, preferably in the range from 10% by weight to 40% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 30% by weight. % lie.
- the diameter of the core particles should be in the range from 0.01 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.1 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. It has proven to be advantageous if the core particle size distribution contains less than 10% of particles with a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m and less than 10% of particles with a particle size of more than 40 ⁇ m.
- a two-component nozzle in particular with a spray pressure of 1.1 to 2.5 bar.
- the particles without core particles are generally very much smaller than the coated particles with core particles, a smaller fine fraction also results in a more homogeneous particle size distribution. Therefore, preferably less than 5% by volume, particularly preferably less than 2% by volume, based on the end product optionally obtained by compression, has a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m.
- a xerogel layer is obtained on the core particles after the spray drying.
- the particles thus coated with a xerogel can be used in this form.
- the xerogel coating can optionally also subsequently be compacted to form a glass or ceramic layer by a thermal aftertreatment (sintering process) at temperatures in the transformation or sintering range of the glass or ceramic composition used.
- the compression can be carried out in air or, for example, in an inert gas atmosphere such as N 2 .
- Preferred compression temperatures for glass-like and ceramic layers are in the range from 400 ° C. to 1200 ° C., particularly preferably 600 ° C. to 800 ° C.
- the heating rate is up to temperatures at which synthesis-related residual groups (eg organic residues or inorganic residues such as nitrate groups) escape from the coating, preferably in the order of a few K min. Above this temperature, the further compression up to the final temperature can take place with significantly higher heating speeds of up to 100 K / min.
- the holding time at the The compression temperature depends on the compression temperature and ranges from a few minutes to about 1 hour. If temperatures are used to densify the glass layer that are significantly above the transformation temperature of the glass composition, suitable measures (eg fluidized bed, falling furnace) must prevent the particles from melting together.
- organically modified inorganic components When using organically modified inorganic components, particles with a layer on the core particles are obtained after the spray drying and can be used in this form.
- organically modified inorganic components with polymerizable or polycondensable surface groups e.g. epoxy or
- Method acrylic groups is used, is preferably carried out so that the temperature used in spray drying is sufficient to achieve a thermally activated crosslinking. Otherwise, the crosslinking (hardening) can then be carried out by a thermal aftertreatment.
- the temperatures used depend on the polymerizable or polycondensable surface groups used and are known to the person skilled in the art.
- crosslinking is effected by actinic radiation, e.g. achieved by irradiation with visible, UV or laser light or electron beams.
- a thermal aftertreatment can also be carried out, if appropriate, for coatings with organically modified inorganic components for drying or compaction.
- the thermal aftertreatment can expediently be carried out in a batch or downpipe furnace, the temperature-time program being based on the desired degree of compaction of the coating and the thermal stability of the core particle.
- the thermal treatment can be carried out in the absence of oxygen (for example in an N 2 atmosphere).
- coated particles according to the invention can be used to produce electrorheological liquids or composite materials (eg layers or Shaped bodies) with anisotropic properties and in barrier layers.
- the barrier layers obtained from the coated particles according to the invention bring about an impermeability z. B. against liquids such as water or gases.
- the particles coated according to the invention are dispersed in an electrically non-conductive medium.
- electrically non-conductive media that can be used are natural oils such as castor oil, cotton oil, artificial oils such as silicone oils, paraffins such as polybutene, halogenated aromatics such as bromodiphenylmethane and trichlorodiphenyl ether, aromatic esters such as dibutyl and dioctyl phthalate, aliphatic esters such as isododecyladipidene, cyclic iso-cyclo-cyclohexane and mineralo-oilsoanohexane, mineralo-oilsoanohexane, mineral oils and 4-methyl-4-ethyl-1-cyclohexane, and hydrocarbons such as isododecane and n-decane. If necessary, a dispersant is also added to the dispersion.
- the electrorheological fluids according to the invention can be used, for example, for force-transmitting systems (shock absorbers, couplings, gears) with low electronic loss currents or in components with stiffness that can be switched quickly.
- force-transmitting systems shock absorbers, couplings, gears
- Composite materials with anisotropic properties can e.g. are produced by dispersing the coated particles according to the invention in a curable liquid matrix, applying an electric field to the dispersion and curing the liquid matrix in the presence of the electric field.
- a compound can be produced by adding the coated particles, which is then passed through a slot nozzle, e.g. is extruded into sheets. In this case, the coated particles are oriented in the matrix even without applying an electrical field.
- any liquid can be used for the liquid matrix phase in which the coated particles are dispersed original state has a viscosity suitable for the orientation of the particles in the electric field and can then be converted into the solid state while maintaining the aligned state of the particles.
- the matrix phase is preferably cured thermally and / or photochemically.
- the liquid matrix can be cured by polymerization, polycondensation, polyaddition and / or crosslinking.
- the matrix phase preferably comprises a polymerizable organic monomer, oligomer and / or prepolymer and / or an optionally organically modified inorganic compound capable of hydrolytic polycondensation.
- the polymers in the cured matrix phase can be any known plastics, e.g. Polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polycarbamides, polymethacrylates, polyolefins, polystyrene, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate and corresponding copolymers, e.g. Poly (ethylene vinyl acetate), polyester, e.g. Polyethylene terephthalate or polydiallyl phthalate, polyarylates, polycarbonates, polyethers, e.g.
- plastics e.g. Polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polycarbamides, polymethacrylates, polyolefins, polystyrene, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinyl compounds such as polyvinyl chloride, polyviny
- polystyrene resin Polyoxymethylene, polyethylene oxide and polyphenylene oxide, polyether ketones, poysulfones, polyepoxides, fluoropolymers, e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene, and organopolysiloxanes.
- the above-mentioned organic monomers, oligomers or prepolymers are accordingly preferably a polymerizable, unsaturated group-containing monomer, oligomer or prepolymer which is used in a thermally or photochemically induced polymerization or in an (optionally acid or base-catalyzed) polycondensation or polyaddition of a of the above polymers.
- Polyunsaturated monomers can also be present, for example butadiene and (meth) acrylic acid esters of polyols (for example diols).
- the matrix phase can also contain inorganic or organically modified inorganic species.
- inorganic or organically modified inorganic species hydrolytically polycondensable compounds of Si, Al, B, Pb, Sn, Ti, Zr, V and Zn, in particular those of Si, Al, Ti and Zr or mixtures thereof.
- the (optionally organically modified) inorganic (at least) hydrolytically polycondensable starting compounds are particularly preferably those of Si.
- curable liquids which are suitable according to the invention as a matrix are described in DE-A-196 13 645 or also in DE-A-195 40 623, to which express reference is made.
- the electric field strength is e.g. 0.03 to 5 kV / mm.
- coated particles according to the invention result in electrorheological liquids and anisotropic composite materials and layers with excellent properties.
- the low fines content results in higher homogeneity and surprisingly strong orientation effects.
- borosilicate sol a pre-hydrolyzate of 210.2 g tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 36.5 ml hydrochloric acid (0.15 mol / l) was prepared. To this was added 125.8 g of triethyl borate and boiled under reflux for two hours. After the addition of a further 36.5 ml of hydrochloric acid (0.15 mol / l), the sol could be used for spray drying.
- the molar ratio between TEOS and water corresponds to a total of 1: 4, the ratio of silicon to boron 7: 6.
- the Ti0 2 soy was prepared by slowly adding a mixture of 21.5 g of 37% hydrochloric acid in 25 ml of ethanol dropwise to a mixture of 127.7 g of titanium butoxide in 150 ml of ethanol while cooling with ice (molar ratio of titanium butoxide to water corresponds to 1 : 2). The reaction mixture was then stirred for 30 minutes and could then be used for coating in the spray drying process.
- a sol with the above-mentioned composition was produced, in which 80 g of aluminum flakes were dispersed. This mixture was sprayed at 175 ° C. in a spray dryer and then dried at 120 ° C. for 12 hours. These aluminum flakes coated with Ti0 2 gel were then compressed at 550 ° C.
- Hollow micro glass balls are copper-plated without external current using a commercially available copper plating bath and then coated by spray drying as described above.
- the particles are dispersed in silicone oil and then also show a strong orientation effect in the electric field, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 1 shows copper-coated hollow glass microspheres coated with TiO 2 without applying an electrical field
- FIG. 2 shows the orientation of the particles shown in FIG. 1 when an electrical field of only 80 V / mm is applied.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99958143A EP1144338A1 (de) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Beschichtete, elektrisch polarisierbare, nicht magnetische teilchen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
JP2000585182A JP2002531590A (ja) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | コートされた、電気的に分極可能な、非磁性粒子、それらの製造方法およびそれらの使用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19855226A DE19855226A1 (de) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Beschichtete, elektrisch polarisierbare, nicht magnetische Teilchen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
DE19855226.2 | 1998-11-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000032538A1 true WO2000032538A1 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
Family
ID=7889515
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/009317 WO2000032538A1 (de) | 1998-11-30 | 1999-11-30 | Beschichtete, elektrisch polarisierbare, nicht magnetische teilchen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1144338A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002531590A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19855226A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000032538A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006013947A1 (ja) | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | 絶縁化超微粉末および高誘電率樹脂複合材料 |
WO2021224625A1 (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-11 | Goodwin Plc | Encapsulated particles |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10148055B4 (de) * | 2000-09-29 | 2006-11-09 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Elektrisch leitfähiges Pigment |
JP4867130B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-17 | 2012-02-01 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 絶縁化超微粉末とその製造方法、およびそれを用いた高誘電率樹脂複合材料 |
JP4977976B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-06 | 2012-07-18 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 絶縁化超微粉末および高誘電率樹脂複合材料 |
DE102006052303B4 (de) * | 2006-11-03 | 2012-07-12 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Schutz von erosionsbelasteten Luftfahrtstrukturen durch nanopartikelverstärkte anorganisch-organische Hybridbeschichtungen |
DE102010005020B4 (de) | 2010-01-19 | 2019-12-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Verwendung eines Formkörpers aus einem wärmeleitenden Kompositmaterial zur Wärmeableitung |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0378414A2 (de) * | 1989-01-12 | 1990-07-18 | Alcan International Limited | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Teilchen mit Metallverbindungen |
US5202306A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-04-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fracture toughness for copper oxide superconductors |
DE19525658C1 (de) * | 1995-07-14 | 1996-11-28 | Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch | Einbrennbare Druckpaste zum Bedrucken von Glasoberflächen und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Druckpaste |
-
1998
- 1998-11-30 DE DE19855226A patent/DE19855226A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-11-30 EP EP99958143A patent/EP1144338A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-11-30 WO PCT/EP1999/009317 patent/WO2000032538A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-11-30 JP JP2000585182A patent/JP2002531590A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0378414A2 (de) * | 1989-01-12 | 1990-07-18 | Alcan International Limited | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Teilchen mit Metallverbindungen |
US5202306A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-04-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Fracture toughness for copper oxide superconductors |
DE19525658C1 (de) * | 1995-07-14 | 1996-11-28 | Sekurit Saint Gobain Deutsch | Einbrennbare Druckpaste zum Bedrucken von Glasoberflächen und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Druckpaste |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006013947A1 (ja) | 2004-08-06 | 2006-02-09 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | 絶縁化超微粉末および高誘電率樹脂複合材料 |
EP1788040A1 (de) * | 2004-08-06 | 2007-05-23 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Isoliertes ultrafeines pulver sowie eine hohe dielektrizitätskonstante aufweisendes harzverbundmaterial |
EP1788040A4 (de) * | 2004-08-06 | 2009-12-23 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co | Isoliertes ultrafeines pulver sowie eine hohe dielektrizitätskonstante aufweisendes harzverbundmaterial |
US8184035B2 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2012-05-22 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Insulated ultrafine powder and high dielectric constant resin composite material |
WO2021224625A1 (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-11-11 | Goodwin Plc | Encapsulated particles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002531590A (ja) | 2002-09-24 |
EP1144338A1 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
DE19855226A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0819151B1 (de) | Kompositklebstoff für optische und optoelektronische anwendungen | |
EP1633822B1 (de) | Antiadhäsive hochtemperaturschichten | |
US7972691B2 (en) | Composites of polymers and metal/metalloid oxide nanoparticles and methods for forming these composites | |
RU2404468C2 (ru) | Лента управления полем на основе варистора | |
Jian et al. | A strategy for design of non-percolative composites with stable giant dielectric constants and high energy densities | |
DE19540623A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kompositmaterialien mit hohem Grenzflächenanteil und dadurch erhältliche Kompositmaterialien | |
US7981315B2 (en) | Polar molecule dominated electrorheological fluid | |
EP2152761B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von kunststoffen mit netzwerken aus nanopartikeln | |
JP2008509271A (ja) | 機能性コーティング組成物、これを用いた機能性被膜及びそれらの製造方法 | |
EP1074513A2 (de) | Sinterwerkstoffe und deren Herstellungsverfahren und Verwendungen, Dispersionen von Siliciumdioxid-Granulaten und deren Verwendungen, sowie Verwendungen von Siliciumdioxid-Granulaten | |
EP0868411A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines leitfähigen sinterkörpers auf der basis von siliciumcarbid | |
DE19647369A1 (de) | Verbundwerkstoffe | |
DE102006040385A1 (de) | Dauerhafte temperaturstabile BN-Formtrennschichten auf Basis von keramischen und glasartigen Bindern | |
WO2000032538A1 (de) | Beschichtete, elektrisch polarisierbare, nicht magnetische teilchen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung | |
Hu et al. | Novel low loss, low permittivity (1− x) SiO2− xTiO2+ ywt% H3BO3 microwave dielectric ceramics for LTCC applications | |
CN106519516A (zh) | 一种基于石蜡包覆钛酸钡纳米颗粒的介电复合材料及其制备方法 | |
JPH0977959A (ja) | マイクロカプセル型硬化促進剤および樹脂組成物 | |
EP1899407B1 (de) | Konsolidierungsmittel und dessen verwendung zur herstellung von hydrolysestabilen formkörpern und beschichtungen | |
DE10361632A1 (de) | Substrate mit nanoporöser, kohlenstoffhaltiger Beschichtung, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung | |
EP2204350B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines oberflächenbeschichteten hexaboridpartikelvorläufers, oberflächenbeschichteter hexaboridpartikelvorläufer, oberflächenbeschichtete hexaboridpartikel, partikeldispersion sowie anhand der partikel hergestellte strukturen und artikel | |
CN113674892A (zh) | 一种压电陶瓷用电极银浆及其制备方法 | |
JP4644390B2 (ja) | シリカ被覆金属系複合粉体の製造方法 | |
KR20150004712A (ko) | 세라믹 조성물, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 방열부재 | |
JPH0912314A (ja) | 針状導電性アンチモン含有酸化錫微粉末及びその製造方法 | |
JP5813918B2 (ja) | 電気伝導体のコーティング用組成物、及びかかる組成物の調製方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): JP KR US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1999958143 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 09856237 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2000 585182 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1999958143 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1999958143 Country of ref document: EP |