WO2000031932A1 - Protocole multimedia destine a des systemes de communication fonctionnant avec des creneaux temporels - Google Patents

Protocole multimedia destine a des systemes de communication fonctionnant avec des creneaux temporels Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000031932A1
WO2000031932A1 PCT/SE1999/002085 SE9902085W WO0031932A1 WO 2000031932 A1 WO2000031932 A1 WO 2000031932A1 SE 9902085 W SE9902085 W SE 9902085W WO 0031932 A1 WO0031932 A1 WO 0031932A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication unit
link
communications
synchronous
time slots
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1999/002085
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jaap Haartsen
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Priority to JP2000584651A priority Critical patent/JP4131904B2/ja
Priority to AU20083/00A priority patent/AU2008300A/en
Priority to BR9915596-6A priority patent/BR9915596A/pt
Priority to EP99963708A priority patent/EP1133855A1/fr
Publication of WO2000031932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000031932A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/26—Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
    • H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/64—Hybrid switching systems
    • H04L12/6418—Hybrid transport
    • H04L2012/6445—Admission control
    • H04L2012/6459—Multiplexing, e.g. TDMA, CDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled access
    • H04W74/06—Scheduled access using polling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communication systems.
  • the present invention is related to communication systems which use time-slot based protocols and which support both asynchronous data services and synchronous and/or isochronous data services.
  • Multimedia generally refers to the integration of data, voice and video services which share common platforms and data channels.
  • Service providers around the world continue to develop more advanced systems for delivering a wide array of services on a common channel including Internet data services, telephone services, and television services to a subscriber base.
  • SPs prefer that all services they provide be carried by a common medium, such medium being, for example, television cable, telephone cable, or air interface in the case of wireless systems.
  • NRT non-real time
  • Human beings may normally tolerate certain levels of distortion in an audio or video or combined audiovisual presentation before the distortion causes continued listening or viewing to become annoying or tiresome.
  • the threshold for distortion tolerance is high, at least for short intervals, with the important factor most likely being the ability to continue to discern information content. Clicks, pops, noise, distortion and related audio anomalies may make audio communication less pleasant and "snow" or other visual anomalies in a video stream may make a video presentation less appealing, but, in most cases of distortion due to bit errors in the data stream of audio and video, the information content is generally preserved.
  • audio and video data streams may be tightly synchronized in time, e.g.
  • variable delay associated with incoming data packets is not permitted, since delay would cause, for example, talker and listener to become out of synch with each other in a conversation, words to be unintelligible, and the like.
  • Variable delay introduced in a voice stream would be noticeable to the listener since it affects the timing and shape of the acoustical waveform.
  • delay introduced in a video stream would cause, for example, variations or interruptions in the speed of motion of the video stream, and , worse for example, a loss of frame synchronization in the receiver. In these cases, information content is seriously compromised.
  • Circuit switched connections may be established in a time-slot environment by reserving a portion of the communication medium exclusively for a particular link between a source and destination. Circuit switching is attractive for links which are constantly in use but may be inefficient for asynchronous data traffic typically transferred in bursts without regard to delay.
  • Asynchronous communications conducted on a circuit switched connection may result in an unnecessarily idle channel during intervals when no data is being transferred, and consequently channel capacity and ultimately system capacity is wasted.
  • This condition may be illustrated by example with reference to a user of Internet services, who during the interval, for example, when waiting for a request to be processed, is receiving no data, or during the interval when data has been delivered and displayed and a user is reviewing the information, is receiving no data. Therefore, data of this kind, (e.g., asynchronous data) is typically carried over packet-switched connections.
  • data of this kind e.g., asynchronous data
  • one or more channels of the medium may be shared among a large number of packet users in a more efficient manner.
  • a packet data source such as an Internet server, for example, may seize the medium or a portion of it when it becomes available and may use it for relatively short duration of time sufficient to send its packet or packets whereupon the medium is released. Other packet data sources may wait until the medium is idle to seize the medium and send their packets. Due to the bursty nature of traffic associated with packet data, packet switching is much more effective and leads to greater efficiency of use of the communications medium.
  • Packet switching in communications systems may further provide an overall communications channel capacity gain due to the advantages provided by statistical multiplexing.
  • Statistical multiplexing allows existing logical packet- switched channels to seize any free slot space. Packets of different logical channels are concatenated on the same slotted physical channel driven by availability and capacity need.
  • Systems using statistical multiplexing may employ a buffer memory which may temporarily store packet data during periods of peak traffic. Statistical multiplexing minimizes channel waste due to inactive channels. For more information related to statistical multiplexing, see "Data
  • Non-real time data transfer typically involves the transmission of files, documents, drawings, photo's, still video and other text- or picture-based material
  • NRT data has no strict delivery requirements.
  • the transmission of a file can take seconds or minutes depending on the file size and data speed. Variations in the delivery time are unimportant.
  • the file can be sent in chunks (or packets), and the delivery of each chunk can be handled separately. The only requirement at the recipient is that finally all chunks have arrived, and that there is means in the recipient to place the chunks in the proper order to reconstruct the original file.
  • circuit switching is inefficient for asynchronous packet data services; and packet switching is detrimental for synchronous real-time data services, which cannot tolerate delay.
  • multimedia communications may be established on a shared communications channel using a first and second communication unit, such as a master and slave unit.
  • the master communication unit may be configured to establish a synchronous communications link with the second, or slave, communication unit, communicating a first data packet on first time slot of a first set of time slots associated with the synchronous communication link to the second communication unit by including the address associated with the second communication unit in the data packet.
  • additional synchronous links may be established by reserving addition "sets" of time slots.
  • sets herein refers to all of the timeslots associated with a group of timeslots which appear at regular intervals conventionally referred to collectively as a "timeslot".
  • timeslot herein refers to a single instance of a slot within the set.
  • the master communication unit may reserve a set of time slots for use by the synchronous link. To effect time division on what is, for example in a cellular system, an otherwise unrestricted channel, the master communications unit may separate each one of the time slots associated with the set by a fixed time interval.
  • Data packets may be communicated on a first of the one or more of the remaining time slots associated with the asynchronous communications link from the first communication unit to the one or more additional communication units by including one or more addresses associated with each of the one or more additional communications units.
  • the first communication unit may be further configured to interrupt the synchronous communications link with the asynchronous communications link by communicating an asynchronous data packet on a time slot reserved for the synchronous communications link.
  • the asynchronous link may be a Time-Division duplex link where, for example, the master communication unit alternately transmits and receives on different ones of the remaining time slots.
  • Asynchronous data packets may further be communicated from the first communication unit to additional units on remaining time slots.
  • the master or first communication unit may poll each of the one or more additional units for a response packet to the asynchronous data packet. Accordingly, the additional units alternately receive the poll from the first communication unit and transmit the response packet on different ones of the remaining time slots.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary slot-based communication channel
  • FIG. 2 A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary circuit-switched connection over a slot-based channel in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an additional exemplary circuit-switched connection over a slot-based channel in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG 2C is a diagram illustrating an exemplary packet in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary packet-switched connection over slot-based channel in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multimedia connection in accordance with the present invention having synchronous and asynchronous links.
  • FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an exemplary multimedia connection in accordance with the present invention having additional synchronous links.
  • the present invention provides a flexible communication channel in the context of a wireless communication system using time slots separated by intervals of fixed length. It should be noted that in an embodiment of the present invention, data associated with each time slot, in accordance with the present invention, may be sent using a different frequency.
  • An exemplary system in which such an embodiment could be implemented may be found in a technology known as "Bluetooth” for providing low-cost, robust, efficient, high capacity, ad hoc voice and data connectivity (see, "Bluetooth, the Universal Radio Interface for Ad Hoc wireless connectivity", J. C. Haartsen, Ericsson Review, Telecommunications Technology Journal, No. 3, 1998.)
  • communications channel 100 carrying synchronous and asynchronous data services may be divided into time slots of equal length in accordance with the present invention as illustrated in FIG 1 to provide a flexible communications channel.
  • data packet 120 may be sent which may further include an address associated with one or more recipients.
  • a circuit-switched connection may be established by reserving time slot 110 at a fixed interval. Time slots not reserved by a circuit-switched connection may be used freely by one or more packet- switched connections which may be set-up and taken down periodically over time, which decision may be taken on a per packet basis.
  • Connected units on a packet switched connection may typically send packets to any other connected units.
  • each of timeslots 110 may be transmitted on a separate frequency in a frequency hopping embodiment, such as may be found within the Bluetooth technology.
  • communications channel 100 may be divided into fixed-length time slots, such as time slot 110 as described; and in time slot 110, data packet 120 may be transmitted as either a part of a synchronous data stream or an asynchronous data packet.
  • data packet 120 may represent one of a stream of data packets and may include voice or video information to be transferred which may first be digitized and then loaded into packets according to, for example, a particular link layer protocol which specifies the packet size, and the like which packets may then be individually transmitted over communications channel 100 in a corresponding time slot 110.
  • a stored data record for example, a record from an Internet server may be transferred in bursts, depending on traffic, block size, etc until the record is completely transmitted. It is important to note that in accordance with most packet protocols, asynchronous packet data has a much lower tolerance for errors based on the type of data transferred.
  • data packet 120 may be associated with a synchronous data stream like that associated, for example, with a voice connection. Data may be transmitted continuously throughout the duration of the connection even during silent intervals. Therefore, the capacity of communications channel 100 is usually much larger than what is required for the synchronous connection. Accordingly, only a certain number of time slots 110 need be used to sustain a synchronous link on communications channel 100.
  • FIG 2A where an exemplary circuit switched connection between master 250 and Slave A 210 is shown having six repeating time slots, although more or less could be used, only one out of six time slots 110 is used for a single synchronous link on communication channel portions 100a and 100b. It should be noted that communication channel portions 100a and 100b are portions of a single communications channel 100.
  • a link may be established using one or more time slots.
  • Several individual time slots often referred to collectively as a "time slot" in a framed protocol, may be established by separating such individual time slots by a fixed time interval, such as fixed time interval T 230.
  • a synchronous two way data stream such as a voice conversation, may be compressed into packets 251-254 from master 250 and packets 211a-214a from slave A 210 each of which are sent at regular times separated by fixed time interval T 230.
  • the reservation of a particular one of time slots 110 for establishing a link for synchronous information can be accomplished in different ways.
  • the reservation of a time slot 110 may be accomplished by agreement of all units on communication link 100 involved.
  • units wanting to establish a synchronous link may broadcast the reservation to all participants on communications channel 100.
  • reservations are established on a first come first served basis and each unit knows exactly which time slot is reserved for the synchronous link. Accordingly, since new units accessing communication channel 100 will not know of previously existing slot reservations, a problem may arise.
  • units on communications channel 100 may be cognizant of which of time slots 110 are left for other services such as asynchronous packet data links.
  • Master 250 may be a unit connected to communications channel 100 over, for example, link portion 100a, while all other participants such as slave A 210 are designated as slaves.
  • Master 250 controls the traffic over communications channel 100 by, for example, scheduling transmission on the synchronous links established over one of time slots 110 separated by fixed interval T 230 as described.
  • packet address A 251a - A 254a may be required to be included when sent from master 250, since otherwise, in the absence of a reservation system where all participants know which of time slots 110 are allocated, a recipient such as slave A 210 cannot associate a particular time slot 110 with a particular slave.
  • Centralized control may be advantageous in that master 250 need only agree with a single slave, such as slave A 210 about which time slot 110 the synchronous link will be established upon. Moreover, general agreement between participants on communication channel 100 is not needed and no broadcasting is required.
  • the synchronous link established on communications channel 100 between master 250 and slave A 210 may be interrupted at any time by sending an asynchronous data packet with address of slave A in the time slot intended for the synchronous link.
  • Master 250 may further interrupt communications with any slave to communicate with any other slave unit.
  • Such an interrupt capability may provide for enhanced services, or may allow asynchronous communications to occur as a "background" process between master 250 and slave A 210 over the established synchronous link or to any other slave on communications channel 100.
  • asynchronous data for example Internet data traffic may have a bursty character.
  • asynchronous links may be set up on communications channel 100 for the exchange of asynchronous data.
  • some kind of listen- before-talk e.g. collision avoidance
  • centralized control may be used with master 250 assuring that no collisions take place. Such centralized control may be accomplished, for example, using a Time-Division duplex scheme where master 250 alternatively transmits and receives.
  • Master 250 may reserve additional time slots 110 to establish a second synchronous link with, for example, slave B 310. In a manner similar to establishing a synchronous link with
  • data packets 281-284 may be communicated to Slave B 310 using addresses 281a-284a.
  • Slave B 310 may respond alternately with data packets 211b-214b.
  • additional synchronous links use the same slot interval T 230 in order to avoid interference. If the interval T 230 is not chosen identical on all links, then periodically, time slots in the sets of two or more links coincide. However, since this interference happens in a determined manner and can be predicted, appropriate countermeasures can be taken by the master and/or the slave to prevent distortion of the synchronous information.
  • Each additional synchronous link is staggered by an even number of time slots to allow for the return link. Additional time slots 110 not used for synchronous links may be used for asynchronous links as described in greater detail hereinafter.
  • any synchronous links may be interrupted in the manner previously described.
  • Packet 540 may be assembled using, for example, three elements: preamble 510, header 520, and payload 530.
  • Preamble 510 may be used by a recipient for timing synchronization and frequency or DC compensation and may also include an identification label identifying the channel, for example, communication channel 100.
  • Packet header 520 may include supervisory control information and may further include a slave address.
  • addresses B 251a and B 252a associated with packets 251 and 252 are described using different reference numerals, addresses B 251a and address B 252a may more appropriately refer to the individual packet header portions of the corresponding packets and preferably contain the same address.
  • the address portion of the individual packet header and the "address" of the destination will be used interchangeably and though separately designated, will preferably be the same value for each different slave unit.
  • Payload 530 carries user information or data which can be real-time as in the case of an exemplary synchronous link, or non-real time as in the case of an exemplary asynchronous link.
  • slave A when master 250 transmits data packet A 255 to slave A 210, slave A
  • slave A 210 is configured to listen. After receiving data packet 255, slave A 210 may return data packet 215. Only one slave at a time can return a packet to master 250. A polling scheme may be used to prevent multiple slaves from sending packets to master 250. Such an embodiment may be illustrated in greater detail in Figure 3 where an exemplary packet-switched connection between master 250 and two slaves, slave A 210 and slave B 310 on communication channel 100 is shown on, for example, link portions 100a, 100b, and 100c. Data packets 255-263 may carry addresses of slave A 210 and slave B 310 accordingly such that each of slave A 210 and slave B 310 knows which of data packets 255-263 is addressed thereto.
  • master 250 may address data packet 256 to slave B 310 with address B 256b. Only the slave addressed in master-to-slave slot 250b, slave B 310 in this example, is allowed to respond on the Time-Division duplex link in the following slave-to-master slot 310a. It is apparent that in the packet switched example, master 250 may establish multiple asynchronous links over communications channel 100.
  • master 250 may establish, for example, a synchronous link and an asynchronous link on communications channel 100 as illustrated in FIG 4A, where an exemplary multimedia connection is shown in accordance with the present invention.
  • Slot- based communications channel 100 may supports both circuit-switched links and packet-switched links.
  • master 250 may support a synchronous duplex link to slave A 210 in a manner as described with reference to FIG 2A.
  • master 250 may support an asynchronous link to all slaves A 210, B 310, and C 410.
  • communications over circuit switched links on communication channel 100 take priority over packet switched connections, such communications may be interrupted as described.
  • a synchronous link may be established by master 250, represented by data packets 264, 266, 269, and
  • Slave A 210 may reply during a transmit interval with reply data packet 272 following the receive interval during which data packet 267 was received. As described, an asynchronous link may be established additionally with slaves B 310 and C 410. Master 250 may transmit packet 265 and 273, for example, asynchronously to slave B 310 using addresses B 265a and B 273a during transmit intervals 250b and 250j respectively. Slave B may respond accordingly with reply data packets 315 and 316 during corresponding transmit intervals 310a and 310b. Master 250 may also transmit packet 268, 270, and 271 for example, asynchronously to slave C 410 using addresses C 268a, C 270a, and C 271a during transmit intervals 250e, 250g, and 250h, respectively.
  • addresses B 265a and B 273a, and C 268a, C 270a, and C 271a, for slaves B 310 and slave C 410 respectively are described using different reference numerals, addresses B 265a and address B 273a, in the exemplary embodiment are the same address.
  • Slave C may respond accordingly with reply data packets 411, 412, and 413 during corresponding transmit intervals 410a, 410b, and 410c which make up the second half of the Time-Division duplex link described earlier.
  • additional synchronous links may be established between master 250 and one or more additional slave units, for example, slave B 310 in a manner similar to that described with reference to FIG 2B.
  • Master 250 may reserve additional time slots 110 to establish a second synchronous link with, for example, slave B 310 while conducting asynchronous communications with slave C 410 as described above.
  • Data packets may be established between master 250 and one or more additional slave units, for example, slave B 310 in a manner similar to that described with reference to FIG 2B.
  • Master 250 may reserve additional time slots 110 to establish a second synchronous link with, for example, slave B 310 while conducting asynchronous communications with slave C 410 as described above.
  • Slave B 310 may respond alternately with data packets 211b-214b.
  • additional synchronous links use the same slot interval T 230 in order to avoid interference. If the interval T 230 is not chosen identical on all links, then periodically, time slots in the sets of two or more links coincide which may lead to collisions. However, again, since such a situation can be predicted, appropriate countermeasures can be taken by master 250 and/or the corresponding slave to prevent information loss. Each additional synchronous link is staggered by an even number of time slots to allow for the return link.
  • Additional time slots 110 not used for synchronous links may be used for asynchronous links such as the asynchronous link with slave C 410.
  • Master 250 may communicate packets 268 and 270, for example, to slave C 410 using addresses 268a and 270a.
  • slave C 410 may respond in subsequent timeslots with response packets 411 and 412 on duplex link portions 410a and 410b as previously described. Any established synchronous links may be interrupted in the manner previously described.
  • both packet and circuit switched links may be established on communications channel 100 even between the same units, for example, master 250 and slave A 210 as described.
  • a multimedia communications environment such an advantage is apparent in facilitating, for example, real time voice and packet data communications on the same channel between the same devices where typically only one type of connection (e.g. circuit switched or packet switched) would be supported.
  • Other advantages will become apparent to one skilled in the art using the teachings of the present invention, for example, no extra bandwidth for emergency break in is required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un procédé et un appareil qui permettent d'établir des communications multimédia sur un canal de communication partagé. Dans ce procédé, des première et deuxième unité de communication telles que des unités maître et esclave établissent une liaison de communication synchrone. Des liaisons de communications synchrones additionnelles peuvent être établies. Un premier paquet de données associé à la liaison de communication synchrone est envoyé à la deuxième unité de communication par inclusion d'une adresse. Des créneaux temporels réservés au canal synchrone par la première unité sont séparés par un intervalle de temps fixe. Une ou plusieurs autres unités de communication peuvent communiquer sur une liaison asynchrone établie entre les unités maître et additionnelles à l'aide des créneaux temporels restants. Des paquets de données peuvent être envoyés aux unités additionnelles moyennant l'inclusion d'adresses associées à chaque unité additionnelle. La liaison synchrone peut être interrompue par la liaison asynchrone lorsqu'un paquet de données asynchrone est envoyé sur un créneau temporel réservé à la liaison de communication synchrone. La liaison asynchrone peut être une liaison duplex à répartition temporelle qui émet et reçoit alternativement sur des créneaux temporels différents faisant partie des créneaux temporels restants. Des paquets de données asynchrones sont envoyés aux unités additionnelles sur des créneaux temporels restants. L'unité maître peut inviter chaque unité additionnelle à envoyer un paquet de réponse au paquet de données asynchrone. Sur une liaison duplex à répartition temporelle, les unités additionnelles alternativement reçoivent l'invitation à émettre de la première unité de communication et envoient le paquet de réponse sur des créneaux temporels différents parmi les créneaux temporels restants.
PCT/SE1999/002085 1998-11-24 1999-11-15 Protocole multimedia destine a des systemes de communication fonctionnant avec des creneaux temporels WO2000031932A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000584651A JP4131904B2 (ja) 1998-11-24 1999-11-15 スロットに基づく通信用マルチメディア・プロトコル
AU20083/00A AU2008300A (en) 1998-11-24 1999-11-15 Multi-media protocol for slot-based communication systems
BR9915596-6A BR9915596A (pt) 1998-11-24 1999-11-15 Método para o estabelecimento de uma ligação em um canal de comunicação compartilhado dividido em uma pluralidade de intervalos de tempo, sistema de comunicação para estabelecimento de comunicações de multimìdias em um canal de comunicação compartilhado, e, unidade mestre de comunicação
EP99963708A EP1133855A1 (fr) 1998-11-24 1999-11-15 Protocole multimedia destine a des systemes de communication fonctionnant avec des creneaux temporels

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US10969298P 1998-11-24 1998-11-24
US60/109,692 1998-11-24
US09/348,495 1999-07-07
US09/348,495 US6973067B1 (en) 1998-11-24 1999-07-07 Multi-media protocol for slot-based communication systems

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EP (1) EP1133855A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4131904B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1333968A (fr)
AU (1) AU2008300A (fr)
BR (1) BR9915596A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000031932A1 (fr)

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JP4131904B2 (ja) 2008-08-13
CN1333968A (zh) 2002-01-30
US6973067B1 (en) 2005-12-06

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