WO2000013008A1 - Appareil permettant d'effectuer des tests sans causer de dommages - Google Patents
Appareil permettant d'effectuer des tests sans causer de dommages Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000013008A1 WO2000013008A1 PCT/JP1999/004719 JP9904719W WO0013008A1 WO 2000013008 A1 WO2000013008 A1 WO 2000013008A1 JP 9904719 W JP9904719 W JP 9904719W WO 0013008 A1 WO0013008 A1 WO 0013008A1
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- signal
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- filter
- receiver
- amplifier
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2412—Probes using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/40—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by amplitude filtering, e.g. by applying a threshold or by gain control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/42—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/46—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by spectral analysis, e.g. Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/014—Resonance or resonant frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-destructive inspection device for investigating, managing, and evaluating the implementation and deterioration of structures and materials such as concrete in building civil engineering.
- a piezoelectric vibrator has a structure in which a piezoelectric material is sandwiched between electrodes, and a large vibration is output at a frequency whose thickness corresponds to a half wavelength of a longitudinal wave of the piezoelectric material. High, the output efficiencies other than the mechanical resonance point deteriorate significantly. Therefore, the bandwidth required for concrete structure diagnosis is To obtain vibration, the thickness of the piezoelectric vibrator becomes several tens of cm or more, but it is extremely difficult to construct such a large piezoelectric vibrator. That is, a probe using a piezoelectric vibrator is suitable for outputting ultrasonic waves of a single frequency of several MHz or more due to its characteristics.
- the pulse reflection method and the transmission method are known as one of the measurement methods using ultrasonic waves.
- pulsed ultrasonic waves are incident from the surface of a structure, and the time until the reflected wave returns or the time when the transmitted wave propagates is measured, and from that time, the measurement target object is measured.
- the resonance method is a method of sweeping the frequency of a piezoelectric oscillator, continuously changing the wavelength of an ultrasonic wave to be incident on an object to be measured, measuring the resonance frequency, and measuring the thickness from the frequency.
- a method of measuring the acoustic propagation velocity and thickness of the measurement object a single-round method in which an incident ultrasonic pulse is detected by a receiver on the end face and the oscillation of the ultrasonic pulse is repeated using the detected pulse as a trigger. is there.
- the impact elastic wave method is a method in which a measurement object is hit with a hammer to stimulate the natural vibrations of the individual and used for measurement. This method can be applied to a wide range of structures, such as concrete, masonry, limber, and timber structures, or laminated materials, and buried underground.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration of a shock elastic wave method using a hammer.
- 311 is a hammer
- 312 is a shock receiving sensor
- 313 is an elastic wave receiver
- 314 is a storage oscilloscope
- 315 is an object to be measured.
- the impact receiving sensor 312 is applied to the surface to be measured in 315, and the surface is hammered with the hammer 311. At this time, in order to increase the accuracy of the measurement, it is necessary to pay attention to the intensity of the impact depending on the purpose of the measurement and the material of the object to be measured 315, and to make the impact only once.
- the acoustic waves injected into the object 3 15 by the impact reflect inside the object 3 15 while reflecting on the surface opposite to the surface to be measured, internal structures, and abnormal parts such as damage and air gaps. And a part of it reaches the shock receiving sensor 312.
- the output of the shock receiving sensor 312 passes through the filter and extracts the waveform of the frequency according to the measurement purpose.
- the reflected wave is captured using the pulse wave due to the impact as a trigger signal of the storage oscilloscope 3 14, the time from the hammer strike time to the arrival of the reflected wave can be measured. From this time and the acoustic velocity of the material, the distance to the surface where the reflected wave is generated Separation is required.
- the conventional diagnosis of a concrete structure uses a hammer or an ultrasonic transmitter to generate an acoustic elastic wave, and thus has the following problems. Ultrasonic test method
- the ultrasonic transmitter is suitable for outputting acoustic elastic waves with a frequency of several tens of kHz or more due to the structure of the vibrator of the piezoelectric oscillator. For this reason, it can be applied to the measurement of thin or thin materials in a medium such as metal.However, in the case of an object to be measured that is significantly attenuated in a medium such as concrete, the range of transmission or reflection becomes shorter, It is difficult to apply to the diagnosis of long concrete structures.
- the main component due to the vibration of the hammer may be lower than the intrinsic frequency of the structure.
- the reflected wave is buried in the reverberation after the excitation, and its detection becomes difficult.
- Excitation control such as arbitrarily changing the excitation frequency to increase the measurement accuracy or applying positive feedback to oscillate is impossible.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to perform a highly reproducible, stable, and highly accurate inspection regardless of the skill and skill of the practitioner.
- the purpose is to obtain a non-destructive inspection device for concrete structures that does not require specialized knowledge for inspection. Disclosure of the invention
- a nondestructive inspection device includes a transmitter for injecting an acoustic acoustic wave into a measurement target based on an excitation current, an excitation current supply device for supplying an excitation current to the transmitter, A receiver that detects a propagating acoustic elastic wave and outputs a received signal, a filter that limits the band of the received signal, and a signal output from the filter that has a predetermined amplitude.
- the transmitter is a magnetostrictive vibrator including a magnetostrictive element, an exciting coil, and a magnetic bias magnet.
- the nondestructive inspection device according to the present invention may further include a signal wave detected by the receiver.
- the apparatus further includes a display device for displaying the shape or the result processed by the signal processing device.
- the filter is a variable filter that selectively extracts one frequency from a plurality of resonance frequencies determined by a shape and an internal structure of the measurement object. Things.
- the amplifier has a circuit for outputting a correction amount of an amplification factor, and the signal processing device obtains state information of a structure of the measurement object based on the correction amount. Things. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a nondestructive inspection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a structure of a transmitter of the nondestructive inspection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a positive feedback control system of the nondestructive inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a feedback control system of the nondestructive inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a Bode diagram of a positive feedback control system using a mouth-pass filter in the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a Bode diagram of a positive feedback control system using a bandpass filter in the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an amplifier with an automatic amplification factor control function of the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an output in the frequency domain by the nondestructive inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a control system simulation without positive feedback of the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a positive feedback control system simulation (with positive feedback) of the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of measurement of a transient state by the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of measurement in a steady state by the nondestructive inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of thickness measurement by the non-destructive inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a variable filter of the non-destructive inspection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of an ideal band filter related to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a measurement object according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 ⁇ is a diagram showing characteristics of a variable filter of the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of a measurement process by the nondestructive inspection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing another example of the measurement process by the nondestructive inspection device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a conventional acoustic elastic wave method using a hammer.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system configuration of a nondestructive inspection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the magnetostrictive vibrator of the nondestructive inspection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 is an exciting current supply device
- 6 is an object to be measured
- 7 is a receiver
- 8 is a filter
- 9 is an amplifier with an automatic amplification factor control function
- 10 is detected by a receiver 7.
- Signal processing device that processes the received signal.
- a display device for displaying the result processed by the processing device 10, and 20 is a wave transmitter.
- 1 is a magnetostrictive element
- 2 is a magnetostrictive vibrator
- 3 is an exciting coil
- 4 is a permanent magnet for magnetic bias.
- the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 constitutes a transmitter 20. Arrows indicate the direction of vibration.
- the magnetostrictive element 1 is obtained by cutting a thin plate of magnetostrictive material into an appropriate shape, magnetically heat-treating, insulating one by one, laminating these, and fixing each layer with a glue. . By taking such a laminated structure, eddy current loss generated by excitation is reduced.
- the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is configured by applying a solenoid type excitation coil 3 to the magnetostrictive element 1 as a core material. When an exciting current is applied to the exciting coil 3, a magnetic field is generated inside the exciting coil 3 according to the magnitude of the exciting current, and the magnetostrictive element 1 is distorted by the magnitude of the generated magnetic field.
- a permanent magnet 4 for magnetic bias is mounted on the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 to provide a magnetic bias for appropriately setting an operating point.
- the resonance frequency point of the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is determined by its length.
- the minimum length of the magnetostrictive element having a resonance frequency of 10 kHz is about 25 cm.However, a magnetostrictive resonator of such a size can be easily constructed. it can. Since the mechanical Q value of the magnetostrictive material is lower than that of a piezoelectric vibrator, the degradation of output efficiency is small even at frequencies other than the mechanical resonance point. Since the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 has such a structure, the exciting coil 3 is No stress is applied.
- the laminating direction is perpendicular to the vibration direction, so that no stress is applied to separate the adhesive between the layers, and the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 can have a mechanical strength comparable to the material strength of the magnetostrictive material. is there.
- the magnetostrictive element 1 constituting the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 has a positive strain characteristic and, when excited, elongates in a directional manner, and is made of a magnetostrictive thin plate having a metal-based crystal structure such as an iron-chromium alloy or an iron-cobalt alloy.
- a plurality of the magnetostrictive thin plates are laminated and formed in a state where they are electrically insulated, and furthermore, they are integrally joined by a thermosetting resin to form a rigid body.
- a Fe—Co magnetostrictive alloy for example, described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-88301, “Method of Manufacturing Iron-Cobalt Alloy Plate”) , C: 0.008% by weight, Si: 0.08% by weight, Mn: 0.07% by weight, Co: 49.22% by weight, V: 1.546% by weight %, Fe: balance
- the impedance of the exciting coil 3 is lower as the frequency of the exciting current is lower, the voltage applied to the terminals of the exciting coil 3 required to supply a constant exciting current becomes lower as the frequency is lower, and the exciting current supply device 5 This is advantageous in the configuration.
- the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is a transmitter that is suitable for excitation at a frequency of ten and several kHz or less. Considering the above, the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is more suitable than the impact hammer and the piezoelectric vibrator for the vibration of several tens of kHz or less required for nondestructive inspection of civil engineering structures such as concrete.
- the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is fixed on the surface of the object 6 to be measured, and the acoustic signal (vibration) of the object 6 such as a concrete structure is detected by the receiver 7 such as an acoustic (vibration) sensor, and the electric signal is obtained. Convert to After applying the band limitation to the electric signal converted in step 8, the amplifier 9 with automatic gain control function 9 automatically controls the gain so that the signal amplitude becomes constant. Dynamic control. This is input to an excitation current supply device 5 that supplies an excitation current to the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 (transmitter 20), and a positive feedback loop is formed. Fig.
- the thickness (propagation distance) of the measuring object 6 is (L)
- the acoustic longitudinal elastic wave propagation velocity in the measuring object 6 is (c)
- the reflection coefficient at the end face of the measuring object 6 is (rl).
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the above-mentioned feedback control system.
- c is the propagation velocity of the longitudinal elastic wave of the object 6 to be measured, and the distance from the end surface (or the internal reflection surface) to the propagation time T is represented by the following equation.
- T L / c Reflection occurs at the end face 6b, and the reflection coefficient is rl.
- the reflected wave propagates through the measurement object 6 toward the oscillation surface, and reaches the oscillation surface 6a after a propagation time T. This wave is further reflected on the oscillation surface 6a, and repeats propagation to the end surface 6b again.
- the reflection coefficient at the oscillation surface 6a is defined as rO.
- A is an amplifier with automatic gain control 9, exciting current supply 5, and transmitter 20.
- the feedback gain /? Is the total gain of the receiver 7 and the filter 8.
- the amplifier with automatic gain control function 9 is based on a PID control function consisting of an element that calculates the root mean square (RMS) of the input signal, a proportional element (P), an integral element (I), and a differential element (D). Amplifier.
- RMS root mean square
- P proportional element
- I integral element
- D differential element
- Amplifier When the propagation delay to the reflecting surface is expressed by Laplace transform, L
- the oscillation condition is expressed by the following equation (3) from the denominator 0 in equation (1).
- the oscillation condition can be expressed as follows.
- the gain must be 1 or greater than 1.
- the oscillation frequency is determined by the gain condition (1) and the phase condition (2). In the case of positive feedback, oscillation by harmonics is limited by giving the amplifier appropriate frequency characteristics. A low-pass filter (LPF) is applied as a filter to suppress harmonics. At this time, r ⁇ o + riA (jw) has the frequency dependency shown in FIGS. On the other hand, e jw2L / c has a frequency dependency in which the gain 1 and phase periodically change at the cycle CTT / 2 L as shown in FIGS. The oscillation frequency is within the oscillation region that satisfies the gain condition and the oscillation point that satisfies the phase condition (black circles in the figures) in Figs. 5 and 6 showing the Bode diagrams.
- the lowest-order frequency Oscillates at Although the oscillation frequency deviates from the fundamental frequency and its harmonics due to the phase characteristics of the filter, the accuracy required for the measurement can be secured by setting the passband phase characteristic near zero.
- the oscillation frequency stabilizes. This is because, even if a frequency shift occurs due to positive feedback using the propagation period as a reference signal, a correction signal output for repairing the deviation is output by the positive feedback and converges again to the oscillation frequency determined by the propagation period. . That is, if the oscillation condition is deviated, the level of the reflected wave signal decreases, and the gain of the amplifier 9 with the automatic amplification factor control function increases. Also ⁇ ? The phase is shifted in the direction of returning to the oscillation frequency with the change of the gain, and is controlled to satisfy the oscillation condition again.
- the process leading to oscillation is as follows.
- a trigger signal (X) is generated.
- the trigger signal may be a pulse input artificially or an impact signal generated when the transmitter 20 contacts the object 6 to be measured.
- the signal is amplified via the amplifier 9, the longitudinal elastic wave propagates to the object 6 to be measured, and propagates and reflects to the end face 6 b.
- signal level attenuation is determined by the reflection coefficient (r J).
- the reflected wave propagates in the opposite direction from the end face 6b toward the transmitting surface, and is detected by the receiver 7 on the receiving surface.
- the receiver 7 outputs this reflected wave signal to the filter 8.
- the filter 8 outputs the band-limited signal to the amplifier 9 with an automatic gain control function.
- the amplifier 9 with the automatic amplification factor control function compares the signal level with the set value, and if the signal level is small, increases the gain based on the difference.
- the frequency component satisfying the oscillation condition repeatedly circulates through the positive feedback loop, and finally converges to the sine wave of the oscillation frequency.
- the change to a sine wave is because the high-frequency component or low-frequency component is attenuated by the filter within the positive feedback.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an amplifier with an automatic amplification factor control function.
- 111 is an RMS computing unit
- 11.2 is a level setting unit for setting the level of a feedback signal.
- 1 13 is a signed adder that calculates the difference between the outputs of the RMS calculator 1 1 1 and the level setter 1 1 2, and outputs the following proportional amplifier 1 1 4, integrator 1 1 5, and Output the signal to the differentiator 1 16
- 1 17 is a signed adder
- 1 18 is a proportional amplifier.
- the RMS calculator 111 performs a square root calculation of a root mean square value of an input signal, and calculates a level of the input signal.
- the gain, integration time, and differentiation time of each of the proportional amplifiers 1 1 4 and 1 1 8 and the integrator 1 1 5 and the differentiator 1 1 6 are optimized by the well-known PID control tuning method. It is adjusted to.
- the feature of this method is that, regardless of the form and level of the reflected signal, Only waves with a frequency that matches the phase of the wave are automatically selected at a single frequency, amplified, and continually oscillate. This is more stable and more accurate than the method that measures the transit time from the transiently attenuated received signal used in the conventional method.
- the propagation time has to be calculated from the interval between the rising and falling points of the reflected wave signal and the trigger waveform.
- attenuation occurs in the measuring object during propagation, and waveform deformation occurs due to dispersion, and this response cannot be easily determined.
- the deviation of the corresponding point leads to the deterioration of the measurement accuracy.
- the present invention can automatically realize single-frequency oscillation by utilizing the phase control function of the positive feedback regardless of the form of the received signal. Therefore, this oscillation frequency can be converted to the Fourier transform (FFT) function or the frequency.
- FFT Fourier transform
- FIG. 9 shows a pattern in which positive feedback does not work and the signal attenuates naturally.
- FIG. 11 shows the transient phenomenon that leads to steady oscillation by positive feedback.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a steady state after steady oscillation.
- FIG. 11 shows a process in which the drive current and the received signal converge to a certain frequency, and a process in which the frequency spectrum has a peak at the oscillation frequency.
- FIG. 12 shows a state in which a received signal is stably detected at the oscillation frequency.
- Figure 13 is an example of measuring the concrete floor thickness. As shown at the bottom of the figure, the frequency corresponding to the floor thickness of 18 Omm
- the oscillation frequency oscillates at a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of half the wavelength determined by the speed of the acoustic elastic wave. This corresponds to the distance to the reflecting surface or the transmission distance.
- the nondestructive inspection apparatus includes a transmitter 20 including a metal-based magnetostrictive vibrator 2, an exciting current supply device 5 for supplying an exciting current to the magnetostrictive vibrator 2, and a measurement target 6.
- Receiver 7 that detects acoustic elastic waves propagating through the receiver, and automatically adjusts the amplitude of the reflected wave or transmitted wave detected by the receiver 7 so that the amplitude becomes constant regardless of the amplitude.
- a feedback loop is composed of an amplifier 9 with an automatic amplification rate control function that controls the amplification rate and a filter 8 that extracts the signal in the frequency band to be measured, and processes the signal detected by the receiver 7
- a signal processing device 10 such as a computer, and a signal waveform detected by the receiver 7 or a result processed by the signal processing device 10. It is provided with a display device 11 for displaying. That is, in the nondestructive inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment, the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is fixed to a structure 6 such as a concrete to be measured, and the structure 6 to be measured by a receiver 7 such as an acoustic sensor.
- the detected sound signal is band-limited at filter 8 and then the gain is automatically controlled by amplifier 9 with automatic gain control function so that the signal amplitude becomes constant.
- This is input to the excitation current supply device 5 of the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 to form a feedback loop. Therefore, the concrete structure 6 to be measured becomes a part of the feedback loop, and the feedback loop starts oscillating according to the pass band of the filter 8 when the amplification factor is properly set. If the pass band of the filter 8 is set appropriately, oscillation will occur at the resonance frequency determined by the shape of the measurement object and the propagation speed of the acoustic elastic wave. Since this oscillation frequency is uniquely determined, highly reproducible and highly accurate inspection becomes possible.
- Example 2 Example 2.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration of a variable filter of the nondestructive inspection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- a variable filter is used in place of the filter of the first embodiment, and the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- Fig. 14 shows an example of the variable fill 8A as an example of a state variable 'fill'.
- reference numeral 121 denotes a filter characteristic setting device, which sets and stores the center frequency of the variable filter 8A: 0 and the bandwidth B by using a keyboard (alphanumeric input keys) or the like.
- the philosophy 8A shown in the figure is a cascade of the high pass philharmonics 124 and the mouth pass philosophy 125, forming a band pass philharmonic.
- the resistors R 6 and R 7 in the circuit of the high-pass fill 1 24 and the resistors R 6 and R 7 in the circuit of the single-pass fill 1 25 are the resistor arrays 1 2 3 a, 1 2 3 b, 1 2 3 c,
- each of R 6 and R 7 is a plurality of resistors (resistance arrays) arbitrarily connected in parallel.
- the resistance value control circuit 122 calculates the center frequency and bandwidth set in advance by the filter characteristic The combination of each of the resistor arrays of R6 and R7 in the filpass filter 124 and the lipstick filter 125 is controlled.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing characteristics when the above-mentioned variable filter 8A is an ideal bandpass filter. In the figure, 41 indicates a stop band, 42 indicates a pass band, and 43 indicates a stop band. For this filter, the center frequency and bandwidth can be adjusted automatically or manually, and the one with narrow band 2 is applied. As the filter characteristics, it is necessary to select one that has a minimal phase change within the bandwidth. Filters with small phase changes
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the internal structure of the measuring object 6.
- 61 is a crack running inside
- 62 is an internal gap
- 6b is an end face of the object 6 to be measured.
- the center frequency of Phil Yu is f. Therefore, if the bandwidth is B, the bandwidth of the filter is limited by B.
- the frequency that can oscillate is selected from the phase condition. Specifically, the following range is the measurable range corresponding to this area.
- the center frequency f By automatically or manually shifting the value of, the measurable area changes and it becomes possible to selectively measure a specific area. You.
- the oscillation frequency is determined by satisfying the oscillation conditions (1) and (2) at the same time. If the band of 1 is wide and this band contains multiple oscillation frequencies, the higher level of the reflected wave is extracted.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing characteristics of the variable fill.
- 131 and 132 denote the filter characteristics when the variable filter characteristic is set to a wide band and when the characteristic is set to a narrow band, respectively.
- the oscillation frequencies for the distance Ll to the crack 61, the distance L2 to the gap 62, and the distance L to the end face 6b are f Is f2 and f 3 respectively. I do.
- the bandwidth is set to be small in the filter characteristic setting unit 121 shown in FIG. 14 so that the variable filter 8 A becomes the narrow band filter 132.
- the resistance control circuit 122 As the indicated value of the center frequency: f0 increases by a factor of 2, and shifts from the low frequency to the high frequency side, the initial value increases as shown in 13a and 13b in Fig. 17.
- Steps 14 1 to 144 of Fig. 18 the variable filter 8A is set to the entire band, and the transmitter 20 and the receiver 7 are installed on the object 6 to start oscillation.
- Steps 145 to 147 when steady oscillation occurs, the signal processor 10 starts FFT conversion and displays the frequency spectrum on the display 11.
- Steps 148 to 150a in the case of the thickness measurement mode, the longitudinal acoustic elastic wave velocity of the object 6 to be measured is input, and the thickness of the object 6 is measured by the signal processor 10 based on the input. Is calculated, and the result is displayed on the display device 11.
- steps 149b to 150b in the case of the acoustic elastic wave velocity measurement mode, the thickness of the measurement object 6 is input, and the signal The longitudinal acoustic elastic wave velocity is calculated, and the result is displayed on the display device 11.
- steps 151-153 of FIG. 19 the transmitter 20 and the receiver 7 are placed on the object 6 to be measured, and oscillation is started.
- Step 154 the center frequency f 0 of the variable filter 8 A and the bandwidth Enter B.
- Steps 155 to 157 when the steady oscillation occurs, the signal processor 10 starts the FFT conversion and displays the frequency spectrum on the display 11.
- steps 158 to 160 the longitudinal acoustic elastic wave velocity of the object 6 is input, and the thickness of the object 6 is calculated by the signal processor 10 based on the input, and the result is displayed. Display on device 1 1.
- the flow returns to step 154, and the processing of steps 154 to 161 is repeated.
- the nondestructive inspection device includes a variable filter 8A having a function of automatically or manually changing a frequency band to be measured.
- the nondestructive inspection apparatus has a variable filter 8A capable of setting an arbitrary passband automatically or manually in a feedback loop. Any resonance frequency can be extracted, and accurate inspection can be performed even if the measurement object 6 or the frequency band to be measured changes.
- Example 3
- the amplifier 9 with an automatic gain control function controls the output in accordance with the level of the reflected wave signal detected by the positive feedback. That is, when the reflected wave signal is small, the amplification factor is increased, and when the reflected wave level is large, the output level is reduced.
- the amount of reflection of the reflected wave from the measuring object 6 differs depending on the size of the crack 61 or the gap 62 in the object. In general, the greater these damages, the more the reflection The larger and the smaller, the smaller the reflection. Therefore, it can be said that the level of the reflected wave reflects the internal state of the object 6 to be measured. That is, if the magnitude of the reflected wave signal from the measuring object 6 can be detected, the internal state can be grasped.
- the following equation (6) represents the output of the amplifier 9 with the automatic gain control function in the oscillation state.
- the gain A of the amplifier 9 with the automatic gain control function increases and the output increases as the reflectance r 2 decreases. From this, it is possible to estimate the magnitude of damage to the internal structure of the object 6 to be measured. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the amplifier 9 with the automatic gain control function has the circuits 111 to 118 that output the amount of correction of the gain (amplified signal 120 (gain adjustment signal)). Then, the signal processing device 10 obtains the state information of the internal structure of the measuring object 6 based on the correction amount. The display device 11 displays the information.
- the nondestructive inspection apparatus has an automatic gain control function having a function of measuring the magnitude of a reflected wave or a transmitted wave from an automatically set gain control signal (correction amount).
- An amplifier 9 is provided. That is, in the non-destructive inspection apparatus according to the third embodiment, the amplifier 9 with the automatic amplification factor control function automatically measures the vibration level of the reflected wave or the transmitted wave from the control signal of the amplification factor. For this reason, the internal structure of the measurement object 6 and the state of the abnormal part can be quantitatively detected.
- the nondestructive inspection device includes a transmitter that injects an acoustic elastic wave based on an excitation current into an object to be measured, an excitation current supply device that supplies an excitation current to the transmitter, A receiver that detects an acoustic elastic wave propagating through the measurement object and outputs a received signal, a filter that limits the band of the received signal, and a signal that is output from the filter.
- the nondestructive inspection device has a high reproducibility because the transmitter is a magnetostrictive vibrator composed of a magnetostrictive element, an exciting coil, and a magnet for magnetic bias. This has the effect that a highly accurate inspection can be performed.
- the nondestructive inspection device further includes a display device that displays a signal waveform detected by the receiver or a result processed by the signal processing device. This has the effect that highly accurate and highly accurate inspections can be performed. Further, as described above, the non-destructive inspection device according to the present invention selectively extracts one of the plurality of resonance frequencies from a plurality of resonance frequencies determined by the shape and the internal structure of the measurement object. Since the variable filter is used, it is possible to perform an accurate inspection even if the measurement object or the frequency band to be measured changes.
- the amplifier has a circuit for outputting a correction amount of an amplification factor
- the signal processing device is configured to detect the measurement object by the correction amount. Since the state information of the structure is obtained, it is possible to quantitatively detect the state of the internal structure and the abnormal part of the object to be measured.
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- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99940589A EP1028314B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 1999-08-31 | Nondestructive testing ( ultrasound ) with positive feedback loop and filter |
DE69921084T DE69921084T8 (de) | 1998-09-01 | 1999-08-31 | Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung ( Ultraschall ) mit positiver Rückkopplungsschleife und Filter |
JP2000567943A JP4357120B2 (ja) | 1998-09-01 | 1999-08-31 | 非破壊検査装置 |
US09/562,037 US6202490B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2000-05-01 | Nondestructive testing apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10/247520 | 1998-09-01 | ||
JP24752098 | 1998-09-01 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/562,037 Continuation US6202490B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2000-05-01 | Nondestructive testing apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000013008A1 true WO2000013008A1 (fr) | 2000-03-09 |
Family
ID=17164721
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1999/004719 WO2000013008A1 (fr) | 1998-09-01 | 1999-08-31 | Appareil permettant d'effectuer des tests sans causer de dommages |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6202490B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1028314B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4357120B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69921084T8 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000013008A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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JP2007192546A (ja) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-08-02 | Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd | 耐火物煉瓦間の空隙検査方法 |
JP2010071741A (ja) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-04-02 | Toshiba Corp | 配管の厚み測定方法および装置 |
WO2010110423A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | 並木精密宝石株式会社 | 圧電磁歪複合型磁気センサ |
JP2010286437A (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-24 | Pulstec Industrial Co Ltd | 製品検査装置および製品検査方法 |
JP2014196996A (ja) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-10-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 液体検知方法および液体検知装置 |
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WO2002018927A1 (fr) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-03-07 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif de controle de structure |
JP2003194636A (ja) | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-09 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 杭の動的載荷装置、杭の動的載荷法および動的載荷試験法 |
US7174787B2 (en) * | 2003-03-13 | 2007-02-13 | Andec Manufacturing Ltd. | System and method for inspecting an industrial furnace or the like |
CN1908649B (zh) * | 2006-08-03 | 2010-05-12 | 长安大学 | 一种混凝土结构层析成像检测系统 |
JP2009216585A (ja) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-24 | Hitachi Information & Communication Engineering Ltd | 管長測定システム及びその測定方法 |
KR101101413B1 (ko) | 2010-05-07 | 2012-01-02 | 한국과학기술원 | 비파괴검사를 위한 레이저 시스템 |
RU2473892C1 (ru) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-01-27 | Александр Сергеевич Колеватов | Способ неразрушающего теплового контроля состояния арматуры в протяженных железобетонных изделиях |
US8903675B2 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-12-02 | Vibrant Corporation | Acoustic systems and methods for nondestructive testing of a part through frequency sweeps |
KR101635708B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-07-01 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | 반사계수를 이용한 균열 검출 시스템 및 그것을 이용한 균열 검출 방법 |
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US10145820B2 (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2018-12-04 | Drexel University | Identification of water pipe material based on stress wave propagation |
CN106404905B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-01-01 | 江苏筑升土木工程科技有限公司 | 一种智能化冲击映像法检测系统 |
US10724996B2 (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2020-07-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Position location system, position location method, and non-transitory computer readable storage medium |
KR102218069B1 (ko) * | 2019-04-29 | 2021-02-22 | 영남대학교 산학협력단 | 전자파와 차단 캐비티 프로브를 이용한 도체 균열 검출장치 및 도체 균열 검출 방법 |
CN113390962A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-09-14 | 同济大学 | 基于定向敲击的可植入式混凝土构件损伤监测装置及方法 |
CN114324608B (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-08-23 | 中广核检测技术有限公司 | 全数字式非线性检测装置及方法 |
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US4566084A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1986-01-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Acoustic velocity measurements in materials using a regenerative method |
US5675325A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-10-07 | Japan National Oil Corporation | Information transmitting apparatus using tube body |
JPH10253339A (ja) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 音波利用計測方法及び計測装置 |
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- 1999-08-31 EP EP99940589A patent/EP1028314B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-31 WO PCT/JP1999/004719 patent/WO2000013008A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-08-31 JP JP2000567943A patent/JP4357120B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-31 DE DE69921084T patent/DE69921084T8/de active Active
-
2000
- 2000-05-01 US US09/562,037 patent/US6202490B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPS6465407A (en) * | 1987-09-07 | 1989-03-10 | Touyoko Erumesu Kk | Measuring instrument for thickness of concrete and position of internal cracking |
JPH0259659A (ja) * | 1988-08-25 | 1990-02-28 | Akio Iwase | 剥離タイル検出装置 |
JPH07218477A (ja) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-18 | Tomohiko Akuta | 探査装置 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007192546A (ja) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-08-02 | Nippon Steel Engineering Co Ltd | 耐火物煉瓦間の空隙検査方法 |
JP2010071741A (ja) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-04-02 | Toshiba Corp | 配管の厚み測定方法および装置 |
WO2010110423A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2010-09-30 | 並木精密宝石株式会社 | 圧電磁歪複合型磁気センサ |
JPWO2010110423A1 (ja) * | 2009-03-26 | 2012-10-04 | 並木精密宝石株式会社 | 圧電磁歪複合型磁気センサ |
JP2010286437A (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-24 | Pulstec Industrial Co Ltd | 製品検査装置および製品検査方法 |
JP2014196996A (ja) * | 2013-03-08 | 2014-10-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 液体検知方法および液体検知装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1028314A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
DE69921084T2 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
EP1028314A4 (en) | 2001-11-07 |
US6202490B1 (en) | 2001-03-20 |
JP4357120B2 (ja) | 2009-11-04 |
EP1028314B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
DE69921084D1 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
DE69921084T8 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
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