Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
  • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
  • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
  • E04B5/026—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of plastic
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
  • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
  • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
  • E04B5/046—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement with beams placed with distance from another
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
  • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
  • E04B5/26—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with filling members between the beams
  • E04B5/261—Monolithic filling members
  • E04B5/263—Monolithic filling members with a flat lower surface
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
  • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
  • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
  • E04B5/26—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with filling members between the beams
  • E04B5/266—Filling members covering the undersurface of the beams

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a prefabricated plate based on polystyrene vaults and ribs in the shape of double M T "of reinforced or prestressed concrete, which when concrete is said in the factory against the vaults, these are embedded in the nerves, constituting a prefabricated solidarity plate.
• the ribs at the ends of the plate can have extensions with a lower recess, of the same thickness as the prefabricated beams of the sole or lower concrete slab type on which they rest, the slab is flat together with the beams, in this way Plaster plaster can be applied directly under the underside of the entire structure, and the beam cannot be distinguished from the floor.
• the classic joist and vault structures are today the most affordable housing structures in the Mediterranean or Tropical climate countries.
• Figure 15 shows another type used for roofs, where polystyrene covers the entire part bottom insulating the floor very well.
• This model is really or completely "self-supporting" in all its light and is usually used without compression layer on site.
• it is manufactured with distances between nerve axes of 50 to 80 cm, it is mandatory to use an upper mesh and 4 cm thick slab, since otherwise it will be very weak and will always crack or break.
• the safety is good, since the weight of the worker is supported by the concrete, but the cut in work is expensive and the weight is high.
• PLASBAU stiffens the polystyrene vault by adding a small rib of lower concrete with latticework, which allows it to be self-supporting up to 2 m, being therefore more expensive than the traditional one. It has good insulation, it cuts well, although it needs workmanship and assembly work. If you do not step near the concrete nerve, the vault and the worker's broth can turn.
• figure 18 we see a model of a joist armed with latticework that has been concreted inside a recess of the polystyrene vault. It has the disadvantage of not being self-supporting more than 1.5 m in need of support, it is impossible to walk on it, but it has good insulation and is well trimmed.
• a beam model (as described by its author) that consists of a beam bathed or covered with polystyrene, causing it to weigh little since it is a joist and thus be able to raise it by hand, although it is not self-supporting for 4 to 7 m, as any engineer skilled in calculating structures deduct it.
• Stability is guaranteed by having two nerves per plate, although it uses between-axis ribs of 30 to 45 cm maximum.
• the cost of this plate is higher than the forged joist and vault for which it replaces.
• this patent mention that guarantee you walk when you step on polystyrene. In fact we see in figure 23 that if we step on the edge we run the risk of falling if the nerve concrete is little or nothing vibrated.
• Figure 24 explains with a drawing, the need to have double wings on the concrete ribs, since even if the concrete is not vibrated, if we exert a force on the vault, the breakage or crack will prosper until it meets the bottom of the upper wing, entering the shear to work here, which makes it possible to support up to 100 kg on the flight before breaking, with polystyrene densities of 10 kg / m3 and a safety coefficient of 2.
• Figure 25 defines the flight and the useful edge for an effective embedding with low density polystyrene (10 kg / m3) which is the cheapest, being the relationship between the two so as not to break the type:
• Figure 26 shows that by arranging the double
• the invention object of the present report refers to a type of semi-prefabricated plate that, having the advantages of prefabrication, with the consequent reduction of times in the execution of work and economy, also provides a solution in the support on prefabricated beams which allows to leave the bottom of the structure completely flat and ready to receive the economical direct plaster.
• This plate can be used: supported on formwork of classic unidirectional flat beams (used to support the beams and joists of the slab), on brick walls, or in combination of the beams of type TUL consisting of a ferralla cage with concrete sole . These beams allow the support of the slab on said sole, thus avoiding the formwork in work of great financial cost for the investments that entails. Subsequently on site, by placing a steel mesh upper and pouring 4 or 5 cm more concrete over all the plates, the slab itself is constituted. Thus the operation of all the plates will be continuous transversely as well.
• the plates do not require the slow placement on site one by one of the heavy ceramic or concrete vaults.
• the assembly of negative moments can be distributed in steel bars of smaller diameter and distributed throughout the upper face of the plates, not being necessary to concentrate on the nerves.
• the plate is a prefabricated width between 0.6 m and 2.4 m, its typical width being 1.2 m due to the use of transport and the weight that tower cranes used in the works are currently capable of lifting.
• the inter-ej.e of the nerves will be similar to the traditional 60, 70 or 80 cm.
• the length of the plate is variable according to the light between beams of the structure.
• the song can be variable according to the light between beams and according to the loads of the work, but as more typical we will have 22 cm, that if we add another 4 cm more in the work, we obtain the 26 c of the traditional slabs calculated for lights of between 3 and 6 meters and typical housing loads of 660 kg / m2 of total load.
• Each prefabricated plate incorporates two solid concrete ribs of the same edge as the plate, which stiffens it and prevents the "sopandado” or shoring in work, being “self-supporting”, as in the case of alveolar plates. They also avoid: the rotation when the plate is supported on 4 points, poorly stacked and give stability in transport. These nerves will have different forms, the most characteristic being those that have a double "T" shape for each nerve.
• the plates may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 ribs to suit the designer and according to the widths of manufacture, and they may have protrusions on the wings of the "T" both superiorly and internally for greater locking of the vaults.
• the wings of the double “T” may have any shapes and dimensions: triangular, trapezoidal, oval, rectangular, etc., even the upper and lower wings may be different. Longitudinal grooves may also be available in the vaults to help lock these to the nerves by diminishing their wings or to lock the plaster down the bottom of the plate.
• the steel to withstand the positive moments of the slab is incorporated in the lower part of the ribs since its manufacture, which, having a wider width lower, have a greater covering and space for filling the concrete.
• the steel to withstand the negative moments will be placed on the plate, being confined by the concrete of the compression layer poured on site.
• negative steels may be incorporated in the upper part of the ribs since its manufacture.
• the steel to be placed in the prefabricated can be of prestressed type, with the consequent saving of steel for the work, since the greater elastic limit of these allows to reduce its section considerably.
• the construction of the plate with vaults in the factory entails a new advantage since a confining mold is not necessary to shape the nerves, since this double "T" shape is achieved with the figure drawn on the polystyrene vaults themselves ( or other material),. no further removal of the mold is necessary. At most, if polystyrene vault is used, it will be necessary to avoid the buoyancy of these when pouring concrete into the nerves with a lower tongue of the vault itself that counteracts concrete pressures or with a "tread" metal profile. The investment for the manufacture of these plates is greatly reduced when compared to other manufacturing facilities for pre-slabs or alveolar plates.
• the new plate is the possibility of reinforcing with shear or sewing steel with the compression layer only the areas of the supports if the calculation so requests, or to increase more the compression heads ,, both upper as lower, if necessary by calculation as well.
• the increase in width of the nerve and its armed by having loads concentrated later in the building, is not a problem since it is about using narrower vaults to increase the width of the nerve.
• the change of floor slab is immediate using vaults of greater or lesser thickness and thus be able to adapt to lights or loads greater or lesser, but always equal to the traditional slabs to which you want to replace.
• the ends of the nerves may have protruding armor to anchor the shear stress in the support, according to current regulations.
• the cutting of a plate is very fast longitudinally and the possibility of cutting the polystyrene vault laterally allows, on site or in the workshop, to easily adapt to the widths of the forged cloths, if these are not multiples neither 120 cm nor 60 cm. In the cross-section it is only necessary to cut the concrete rib and not the two upper and lower slabs of the alveolar plates, as well as the numerous ribs of these.
• a new possibility would be to use extruded or molded polystyrene vaults (with ribs), to use less polystyrene material and therefore lower the plates.
• the weight of the finished slab is less than the joist and vault slab if we use polystyrene vaults, which saves some kilograms of steel in the calculation.
• a joist slab and ceramic vault for singing 26 cm weighs 260 kg / m2, while the new slab weighs 185 kg / m2.
• the weight of the prefabricated plates is of the order (for a song of 22 cm, width l, 2m and length 5 m, typical of houses) of 504 kg ,. what allows the current cranes of 750 kg in tip to elevate these plates comfortably. Also the transport is much smaller than that of the alveolar plates of the same type of use, and equal to that of joist and vault.
• two unions can be arranged between both nerves, consisting of removing the vaults between 5 and 15 cm (typical 8 cm), at a certain distance from the ends of the plate.
• the union of both nerves confers the necessary rigidity to the prefabricated plate, in the event that the vaults are not double-shaped "T", or when we use larger widths 1.2 m with more than 2 nerves, either for transport, stacking or lifting.
• the gap that will remain between the vaults and the edge of the sole of the beam, of the order of 2 to 12 cm, will be formed with a runner "sopandado" with struts every certain distance, preventing when we pour the concrete into the work of Stuffed with beams and compression layer, this concrete falls between the plates and the beam. So we also force to solidify this area, very important for the operation of the floor at negative moments.
• the fabrication of plates with angle in the support is carried out immediately by cutting the polystyrene vaults with the desired angle, and implementing in the factory some recoverable metal formwork covers, or in the case of protruding ribs, some angled drawers for form said protruding bulbs. These drawers may also consist of easy polystyrene Workability, which will be removed once the nerve concrete sets.
• the protruding ribs for the support of the plates may optionally have a superior recess, which will allow the placement of the steels of negative moments of the jace ⁇ as with greater comfort.
• Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the prefabricated plate for unidirectional slabs of building structures in the same way as it is manufactured.
• Figure 2. Shows a sectional view of a finished floor using the mentioned plates in transverse continuity, where a concrete compression layer and a superior steel mesh are incorporated to give cross-sectional continuity to the floor.
• Figure 3. It shows a side view of the prefabricated plate of variable length according to the needs of the work, where the support system at the ends on "Tulle” beams of concrete sole can be seen.
• Figure 4. Shows a perspective view of the plate at one of its ends, where the protruding ribs are shown for the support on the "Tulle” beam, and on the right a plate without a protruding nipple and with the upper scratch highlighted.
• Figure 5. It shows a side view of the slab formed by prefabricated plates resting on a "Tulle” type of ferral cage with concrete sole.
• Figure 6 shows a top view of two types of prefabricated plates where the upper face of the nerves can be seen with the width of the wings, and the possible connection between the two longitudinal ribs of the plate with two other perpendicular nerves, which stiffen the plate regardless of the way double or simple "T" of the nerves and without the need for sole or continuous lower concrete slab.
• Figure 7.- Shows a sectional view of a plate with uneven trapezoidal wings.
• Figure 8 Shows a sectional view of a plate with longitudinal grooving on the faces of the ribs and a polystyrene coating on the bottom of the ribs.
• Figure 9 shows a sectional view of a plate with 3 nerves similar to the previous ones although narrower.
• Figure 10 shows a plan view of the end of an angled plate and how to make the projecting ribs by means of "U" shaped formwork, which as in this case can be made of polystyrene.
• Figure 11.- It shows a top plan view of a plate with lateral holes for the transverse connection between plates by means of corrugated steel or by means of a tensioner hook.
• Figure 12. Shows a sectional view of a finished slab, where a wider rib can be seen, and also a beam or zuncho parallel to the direction of the slab, with the vaults of the width necessary to accommodate the exact position of the zuncho to the needs of the work.
• the rest of the figures, from 13 to 27, have been described in the "Background of the invention” section, so it is not considered necessary to describe them again.
• a preferred embodiment of the invention relating to a plate (1) composed of two ribs of concrete (2) and vault of polystyrene or other material (3) of the same edge or thickness as described below is described below.
• the nerves without lower coating.
• the armor (4) necessary to resist the positive moments of the floor is housed.
• the polystyrene vaults (3) it is based on a block of low density polystyrene, of typical dimensions of 1.25 m wide by 0.50 m high by 4 m long, and using a pantograph Draw with a hot thread the vault with the desired shape and the trace of the nerve (2) of the double "T" on it drawn.
• the vaults. (.3.). I know. they place, on a mold or hearth at the distance required by the widths of the ribs (2) by means of concrete separators housed in the bottom and that will serve to give a correct support and covering of the positive reinforcement (4).
• the nerve concrete (2) will be poured over the hole, and it will be distributed and vibrated until it is filled.
• the plates will be placed together parallel to each other, resting on the sole of the prefabricated load beams of the structure, or on their formwork if they are "in situ", or on the brick walls of loading, and said slab will be completed by placing the reinforcement (6) to resist negative moments and also adding a steel mesh (7) and a concrete compression layer (8) of small thickness.
• the ribs (2) of the plates will have a double "T" shape, with lower wings (9) necessary to support and internally lock the vaults (3), reduce their overhang, act as a compressed head when the slab works at negative moments and increase inertia with minimal weight to reduce the arrow.
• the wings (10) will allow the vaults (3) to be locked superiorly, also to form a compression head to resist the positive moments of the plate when placed in the work so that they are self-supporting throughout their length, guarantee the transmission of efforts between the nerve (2) and the compression layer (8) of work through the rough surface (11) of contact between both concretes, and reduce the gap between nerves to avoid falling between them even in the case of having a defective vault .
• This rough surface (11) is manufactured by scratching the surface, for being the cheapest, or with any other existing method such as sewing armor, hollow engraving, etc.
• the ends (12) of the plates will have an extension (13) of the concrete ribs (2) made with recoverable formwork, which by means of a recess (14 ) in its lower part they allow the support on the sole of prefabricated beams (15) of ferral cage type (16) with concrete sole (17), leaving the lower part (18) of the plates flush with the lower part of the beams (19), thus obtaining a flat floor.
• planks can be placed (20) supported on struts (21) in the same work.
• each pair of nerves (2) of the plate can be joined by means of solid ones with reinforcement (22) in two or more points, thus guaranteeing the rigidity of the prefabricated plate in handling, lifting, stacking and transport.
• the vaults can be manufactured with protrusions (23) at the ends of the wings, which oblige to the vaults to be tightly bound to the nerves.
• Another possibility is to make grooves (24) on the sides of the vaults (3) inside the ribs, or even on the wings, to guarantee again the greatest bond between concrete and vault of any type or material and thus also reduce the wing width if desired.
• coatings (25) of polystyrene or other material may be provided that leave the lower part of the plates with the same texture or material. This coating can be placed glued or pressurized after concreting the plates to be able to register the possible coke shells before closing it. Also, at will, it can be manufactured in solidarity with the vault in one piece.
• ribs (2) may also be arranged per plate, as shown in Figure 9.
• the polystyrene of the vaults (3) can be cut at that angle, and to obtain the projecting part (13) of the ribs in the support, a formwork formed by polystyrene can also be used ( 26) machining with the same technique, cut with the same angle and adhered to the nerve in the factory until concrete curing.
• interruptions can be arranged in the side vaults (27 and 28) with metal or wood recoverable formwork or even polystyrene, in a way that are faced with those of the adjacent plate. It will be enough that in these recesses a reinforcement anchored to the ribs (2) is included so that by providing connecting rods and concrete filling the gaps, on site, greater rigidity between plates is achieved transversely. In one way a straight anchored reinforcement (28) can be arranged and in another way some hooks (27) anchored to the rib on which some tensioners that will compress the joint between slabs will be arranged on site.
• FIG 12 we can see a double joist (29) embedded in a plate, and a strip or beam parallel to the slab (30), which will serve to support specific loads in the structure.
• the vaults (31) will be trimmed either on site- or on. workshop with hot wire or electrical resistance or by saw.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=8304992

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (13)

Citations (5)

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• 1998
  • 1998-08-27 ES ES9801814A patent/ES2151416B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-08-23 AU AU55187/99A patent/AU5518799A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-08-23 BR BR9913438-1A patent/BR9913438A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-08-23 WO PCT/ES1999/000273 patent/WO2000012834A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-08-23 EP EP99941657A patent/EP1132538A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-08-23 CN CN 99811492 patent/CN1323370A/zh active Pending
  • 1999-08-23 CA CA002341534A patent/CA2341534A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-09-02 ES ES9901969A patent/ES2161163B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (5)

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