WO2000010258A1 - Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2000010258A1
WO2000010258A1 PCT/EP1999/005619 EP9905619W WO0010258A1 WO 2000010258 A1 WO2000010258 A1 WO 2000010258A1 EP 9905619 W EP9905619 W EP 9905619W WO 0010258 A1 WO0010258 A1 WO 0010258A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
radio base
subscriber
radio
preamble
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1999/005619
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Hachenberger
Klaus Jäckel
Mathias Reibe
Reinhard Schiffel
Joachim Seidel
Original Assignee
Q-Cell Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Q-Cell Gmbh filed Critical Q-Cell Gmbh
Priority to CA002340644A priority Critical patent/CA2340644A1/fr
Priority to AU57305/99A priority patent/AU749693B2/en
Priority to EP99944327A priority patent/EP1104595A1/fr
Publication of WO2000010258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000010258A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0055—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0065—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay using measurement of signal travel time
    • H04W56/007—Open loop measurement
    • H04W56/0075—Open loop measurement based on arrival time vs. expected arrival time
    • H04W56/0085—Open loop measurement based on arrival time vs. expected arrival time detecting a given structure in the signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7075—Synchronisation aspects with code phase acquisition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/709—Correlator structure
    • H04B1/7093—Matched filter type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/54—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication
    • H04B1/56—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication with provision for simultaneous communication in two directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70707—Efficiency-related aspects
    • H04B2201/70709—Efficiency-related aspects with discontinuous detection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for a full-duplex radio transmission system with CDMA access, with a central radio base station and a plurality of mutually independent subscriber stations
  • radio-based information systems which work with a central radio base station and a large number of independent external or subscriber stations, and which allow full-duplex information transmission in both directions
  • the information intended for the individual users is frequently multiplexed into a message channel in the down nk and in Organized transmission of uplmk as an access system
  • Examples of such systems are mobile radio systems, trunked radio systems, point-to-multipoint directional radio systems and wireless local loop systems.
  • mutually orthogonal signal spaces are used, for example
  • Time division multiple access systems TDMA (time division multiple access)
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • SSMA read spectrum multiple access
  • the systems differ in that the information transmission from and to the individual users takes place in separate frequency, time, code or space segment positions. Nested, coupled or different multiplexing and access technologies within a system, so-called hybrid methods, have become known After application and implementation, different parameters and good criteria of the transmission can be achieved with these methods
  • the useful signal is coded by linking it to a spreading function, with a separate spreading function being selected for each subscriber station, which is orthogonal to the other spreading functions.
  • the linkage is carried out, for example, by means of an X-OR gate coded signal are demodulated, the coded user data for other subscriber stations becoming zero in the demodulation process due to the orthogonality.
  • the multiuse reference is generally disadvantageous, which in practice is caused by implementation problems such as band limitation, level differences between the two individual transmissions, multipath propagation, etc. arises and leads to a loss of orthogonality.
  • band limitation level differences between the two individual transmissions, multipath propagation, etc. arises and leads to a loss of orthogonality.
  • the radio systems under consideration it should be noted that due to the different signal delays due to different distances of the outstations from the central station in the base station receiver, there is usually an asynchronous reception situation, which intensifies this interference considerably that then no code orthogona did exist in the uplmk even under ideal conditions.
  • the maximum number of simultaneous transmissions M within a frequency band in the uplmk can be estimated approximately as follows in a DS-CDMA system
  • PG is the process gain or spreading factor
  • E b / N 0 is the ratio of bit energy to storage power at the demodulator necessary for the desired bit error rate.
  • the spreading factor is the ratio of t blt to t chip and is typically between 10 and 10 4
  • the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of creating a method and a device for synchronization in a radio transmission system with CDMA access, by means of which the multiuse interference in the radio base station in the up-nk mode can be reduced with little implementation effort
  • the radio transmission system in time-division duplex operation is assumed, in which transmission and reception are separated from one another in time within a message channel, which considerably simplifies the sequence control for the synchronization of all Subscriber stations the radio base station sends a maximum or gold sequence specific to the radio transmission system in the form of a preamble for all subscriber stations before the actual data transmission.
  • the transmission of the synchronous information in the uplink parallel to the useful data transmission is made more difficult by the fact that the synchronous information a-p ⁇ o ⁇ is not known or is not known with sufficient accuracy, as a result of which its acquisition has led to an asynchronous interference situation for the actual useful data transmission transmitted per all parallel active subscriber stations in the dead time between the send and receive cycle, as a result of which the time information can be detected more reliably owing to the substantially less interference in transmission.
  • the dead time may have to be lengthened somewhat, but this is justifiable in view of the improved detection
  • the temporal resolution or accuracy of the synchronization information within only one burst is up to one sample value
  • Improved t sample which can be up to 0.5 x chip duration t ch ⁇ in conventional detection
  • the radio base station sends a status signal to the subscriber station via the central service channel, which subscriber stations should subsequently send their synchronization sequence. After the signal base time has been evaluated by the radio base station, the base station transmits the subscriber-specific start times for the up-link transmission via the service channel
  • orthogonal gold sequences of the length of one symbol are used, which are relatively easy to generate. Furthermore, the orthogonal gold sequences have defined cross-correlation properties for this ensure that subscriber stations / where the synchronization mechanism fails do not cause any significant interference to the other parallel transmissions. Furthermore, compared to Walsh sequences and similar sequences, these have the advantage of a uniform spectral power distribution, which is particularly important in the case of short sequences
  • radio base stations or subscriber stations that have line-of-sight to each other due to an exposed geographical location could otherwise make noticeable interference contributions cause the receivers of the respective other radio cells.
  • the synchronization can take place, for example, via GPS or beacon signals, which are forwarded within the radio network
  • the method can be implemented particularly advantageously in wireless local loop systems, since in these the station act of the subscriber stations is relative minor changes in the properties of the radio channel can be exploited
  • FIG. 1 shows a signal course of a program in the downlink for a subscriber station
  • FIG. 2 shows a signal course of a program in the downlink for n subscriber stations
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic signal course at the output of a matched filter in one Subscriber station
  • FIG. 5 shows a structure of an up nk synchronization sequence
  • FIG. 6 shows a detailed representation of the structure according to FIG. 5 and
  • the signal comprises a preamble 1 and a date 2 which are transmitted with an amplitude P ⁇ .
  • the preamble 1 is a radio system-specific maximum or gold - Sequence generated by the radio base station
  • the date 2 represents the actual user data for the subscriber station. Since the information for the immediate subscriber-specific system control is transmitted in a central service channel, a common preamble 1 can be used for all subscriber stations
  • the preamble 1 received by each subscriber station is fed to a matched filter, by means of which the received good can be determined.
  • a typical signal curve at the output of the matched filter of a subscriber station is shown in FIG. 3 to determine the time of reception of the broadcast from the radio base station to the the respective subscriber station, the output signal at the matched filter is evaluated by means of an amplitude threshold value switch. If the output signal exceeds a predefinable threshold Tr1, the amplitude threshold value switch generates a trigger signal that represents the start time for the reception of the preamble
  • synchronization sequences 3 are sent from the individual subscriber stations in the form of a polling method, ie in the first burst only the first subscriber station sends its synchronization sequence 3 to the radio base station then all n subscriber stations send their user data 4 simultaneously to the radio base station. In the second burst, only the second subscriber station then sends its synchronization sequence 3 until finally, in the nth burst, the nth subscriber station sends its synchronization sequence 3
  • the synchronization sequence 3 comprises, for example, four identical symbols 5, which are transmitted in succession, the distance between the symbols 5 being successively increased by a clock t samplc of the system clock and the first symbol 5 serves as a preamble
  • An exemplary course of a symbol 5 is shown in FIG. 6, this corresponding to the second symbol 5 with the transition to the third symbol 5 according to FIG. 5
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary signal curve at the output of a matched filter in the radio base station when a synchronization sequence 3 according to FIG. 5 is received.
  • Each of the four symbols 5 generates an output signal with a larger amplitude P than a predetermined threshold value Tr2 of a downstream amplitude threshold switch.
  • the first symbol 5 generates an output signal with the amplitude Pb.
  • the second symbol 5, which is transmitted immediately after the first symbol 5, likewise generates an amplitude Pb.
  • the third symbol 5 delayed by a system clock clock t sample generates an amplitude Pa and the symbol 5 correspondingly delayed by 2 xt sample generates an amplitude Pc.
  • the optimum reception therefore takes place at the third symbol 5, so that the signal delay must be corrected by a system clock clock t sample .
  • the delay between a subscriber station and the radio base station can be determined accordingly, so that the synchronization is of the order of magnitude can be done by t sampio .

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de synchronisation destiné à un système de transmission radio duplex intégral exploité en duplex temporel. Le système comprend une station de base radio centrale et une pluralité de stations d'abonnés indépendantes les unes des autres. Chaque station d'abonné comporte, du côté réception, un filtre accordé auquel est connecté en aval un commutateur à seuil d'amplitude. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: a) génération par la station de base d'une séquence maximale ou d'une séquence d'or spécifique de chaque système de transmission radio; b) envoi de ladite séquence, sous forme de préambule (1) précédant l'émission des données utiles (2), à toutes les stations d'abonnés; c) réception du préambule (1) par lesdites stations; d) transfert du préambule reçu (1) à l'entrée du filtre accordé correspondant; e) transmission du signal de sortie dudit filtre au commutateur à seuil d'amplitude; et f) génération par ledit commutateur d'un signal de déclenchement en cas de dépassement d'une valeur seuil Tr1 prédéfinie.
PCT/EP1999/005619 1998-08-14 1999-08-03 Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma WO2000010258A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002340644A CA2340644A1 (fr) 1998-08-14 1999-08-03 Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme capable de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma
AU57305/99A AU749693B2 (en) 1998-08-14 1999-08-03 Method and device for a full-duplex radio transmission system with code division multiple access
EP99944327A EP1104595A1 (fr) 1998-08-14 1999-08-03 Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1998136888 DE19836888A1 (de) 1998-08-14 1998-08-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung für ein voll duplexfähigesFunkübertragungssystem mit CDMA-Zugriff
DE19836888.7 1998-08-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000010258A1 true WO2000010258A1 (fr) 2000-02-24

Family

ID=7877537

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1999/005619 WO2000010258A1 (fr) 1998-08-14 1999-08-03 Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1104595A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1311925A (fr)
AR (1) AR025262A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU749693B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2340644A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19836888A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000010258A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200101603B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG165172A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2010-10-28 Interdigital Tech Corp Method for soft and softer handover in time division duplex code division multiple access (tdd-cdma)networks

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10056086C2 (de) * 2000-11-07 2002-12-05 Iq Wireless Gmbh Verfahren für die Synchronisation in einem Funkkommunikationssystem
DE10126831B4 (de) 2001-06-01 2007-08-02 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Zeitversatzes zwischen einem Trigger-Signal und der Pilotsequenz eines CDMA-Hochfrequenzsignals
CN106301465A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2017-01-04 中国移动通信集团公司 一种消除同频全双工系统自干扰的方法及装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2529995A1 (de) * 1974-07-05 1976-01-22 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd System zur bestimmung der burstsendezeitsteuerung im tdma-system
EP0257110A1 (fr) * 1986-08-14 1988-03-02 Alcatel SEL Aktiengesellschaft Système cellulaire numérique
US5164958A (en) * 1991-05-22 1992-11-17 Cylink Corporation Spread spectrum cellular handoff method
WO1996039749A1 (fr) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-12 Omnipoint Corporation Commande de reglage de synchronisation servant a realiser des telecommunications en duplex a repartition dans le temps
WO1998018280A2 (fr) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Acces selectif a un systeme de telecommunications mobile

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3743732C2 (de) * 1987-12-23 1994-12-01 Ant Nachrichtentech Verfahren zur Synchronisierung eines Codewortes mit einem empfangenen spektral gespreizten Signal
JP3142222B2 (ja) * 1994-08-22 2001-03-07 松下電器産業株式会社 スペクトル拡散通信同期方法とその回路装置
DE19533507C2 (de) * 1995-09-04 1997-10-02 Hartmut Dipl Ing Neus Multiplex-, Zugriffs- und Duplexverfahren für ein zellulares Funksystem
JPH09307951A (ja) * 1996-03-15 1997-11-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd スペクトル拡散通信装置
JP3373746B2 (ja) * 1997-01-07 2003-02-04 株式会社鷹山 Ｄｓ−ｃｄｍａ基地局間非同期セルラ方式における初期同期方法および受信機

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2529995A1 (de) * 1974-07-05 1976-01-22 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co Ltd System zur bestimmung der burstsendezeitsteuerung im tdma-system
EP0257110A1 (fr) * 1986-08-14 1988-03-02 Alcatel SEL Aktiengesellschaft Système cellulaire numérique
US5164958A (en) * 1991-05-22 1992-11-17 Cylink Corporation Spread spectrum cellular handoff method
WO1996039749A1 (fr) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-12 Omnipoint Corporation Commande de reglage de synchronisation servant a realiser des telecommunications en duplex a repartition dans le temps
WO1998018280A2 (fr) * 1996-10-18 1998-04-30 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Acces selectif a un systeme de telecommunications mobile

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CORAZZA G E ET AL: "CODE ACQUISITION IN DS-SSMA SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE ACCESS INTERFERENCE AND DATA MODULATION", EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES,IT,AEI, MILANO, vol. 5, no. 1, pages 27-37, XP000445713, ISSN: 1120-3862 *
IINATTI J ET AL: "USE OF A MATCHED FILTER FOR SYNCHRONIZATION OF A DS RECEIVER IN AWGN CHANNEL AND CONTINUOUS TONE JAMMING", PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEDITERANNEAN ELECTROTECHNICAL CONFERENCE,US,NEW YORK, IEEE, vol. CONF. 6, pages 716-719, XP000289534 *
MIYA K ET AL: "WIDEBAND CDMA SYSTEMS IN TDD-MODE OPERATION FOR IMT-2O0O", IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS,JP,INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS INFORMATION AND COMM. ENG. TOKYO, vol. E81-B, no. 7, pages 1317-1325, XP000790163, ISSN: 0916-8516 *
NAOYA MORI ET AL: "FRAME TIMING ACQUISITION FOR DIRECT SEQUENCE SPREAD SPECTRUM SIGNALS IN TIME DIVISION DUPLEX TRANSMISSION", PROCEEDINGS OF THE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE,US,NEW YORK, IEEE, vol. CONF. 43, pages 815-818, XP000393306, ISBN: 0-7803-1267-8 *
OMURA J K ET AL: "Spread spectrum S-CDMA for personal communication services", MILCOM '92 - 'COMMUNICATIONS - FUSING COMMAND, CONTROL AND INTELLIGENCE' CONFERENCE RECORD (CAT. NO. 92CH3131-0), SAN DIEGO, CA, USA, 11-14 OCT. 1992, 1992, New York, NY, USA, IEEE, USA, pages 269 - 273 vol.1, XP002126298, ISBN: 0-7803-0585-X *
PULLEY D R: "The use of wideband time controlled DS-CDMA for wireless local loop", IEE COLLOQUIUM ON LOCAL LOOP FIXED RADIO ACCESS (DIGEST NO.1995/228), IEE COLLOQUIUM ON LOCAL LOOP FIXED RADIO ACCESS (DIGEST NO.1995/228), LONDON, UK, 1 DEC. 1995, 1995, London, UK, IEE, UK, pages 4/1 - 6, XP000865935 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG165172A1 (en) * 2003-05-13 2010-10-28 Interdigital Tech Corp Method for soft and softer handover in time division duplex code division multiple access (tdd-cdma)networks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1104595A1 (fr) 2001-06-06
CA2340644A1 (fr) 2000-02-24
AR025262A1 (es) 2002-11-20
AU5730599A (en) 2000-03-06
CN1311925A (zh) 2001-09-05
AU749693B2 (en) 2002-07-04
DE19836888A1 (de) 2000-02-24
ZA200101603B (en) 2001-07-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1006670B1 (fr) Réseau sans fil
EP0361299B1 (fr) Système de transmission radio numérique pour réseau cellulaire utilisant la technique de l'étalement de spectre
EP0211460B1 (fr) Procédé de radio-transmission numérique
DE4447230C2 (de) Modulationsverfahren, Demodulationsverfahren, Modulator und Demodulator sowie Verwendung von Modulator und Demodulator
DE69733940T2 (de) Telekommunikationsnetz mit zeitorthogonalen breit- und schmalbandsystemen
DE69433336T3 (de) Cdma kommunikationsverfahren mit selektivem zugriff und anordnung für mobile stationen in denen dieses verfahren angewandt wird
DE69932514T2 (de) Zufallszugriff in einem Mobilfunknetz
DE69530713T2 (de) DS/FH-CDMA-System mit Sendeleitungsregelung
DE19841148A1 (de) RECHEN-Empfänger und Verfahren zur Fingerhandhabung für Spreizspektrumnachrichtenübertragung
EP1021003B1 (fr) Réseau sans fil
EP0967742B1 (fr) Réseau sans fil
EP0064686B1 (fr) Système de transmission de messages
DE69724163T2 (de) Ein Verfahren zum Kontrollieren des Hochfahrens der Anfangssendeleistung in einem CDMA System unter Verwendung kurzer Kodes
EP0151280A1 (fr) Procédé en multiplexage de temps pour un système cellulaire numérique
EP0990320B1 (fr) Procede de synchronisation de frequence pour une station mobile dans un systeme de radiocommunication
EP1166468B1 (fr) Procede de synchronisation pour stations de base
DE19930509A1 (de) Drahtloses Netzwerk zur Anforderung eines kollisionsbehafteten Kanals
WO1999009671A1 (fr) Procede et station fixe pour la transmission en radiotelephonie mobile
DE19825536B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung für ein vollduplexfähiges Funkübertragungssystem mit CDMA-Zugriff
EP1104595A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif destine a un systeme de transmission radio duplex integral a acces cdma
EP0878064B1 (fr) Procede de transmission a modulation de code et systeme de transmission fonctionnant d'apres ce procede
DE1591341C2 (de) Verfahren zur Bitsynchronisierung einer Bodenstation in einem ZeitmultiplexÜbertragungssystem mit mehreren Bodenstationen und einem Satelliten als Relaisstation
DE19907502C2 (de) Verfahren zur Kanalschätzung
EP0901299B1 (fr) Dispositif de télécommunication numérique
DE4333396C2 (de) Drahtloses CDMA-Informationsübertragungssystem

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 99809262.2

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1999944327

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 57305/99

Country of ref document: AU

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2340644

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2340644

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 09763048

Country of ref document: US

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2001/01603

Country of ref document: ZA

Ref document number: 200101603

Country of ref document: ZA

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1999944327

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 57305/99

Country of ref document: AU

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1999944327

Country of ref document: EP