WO2000005048A1

WO2000005048A1 - Method for sawing granites

Info

Publication number: WO2000005048A1
Application number: PCT/ES1999/000102
Authority: WO
Inventors: Luis Castro Gomez
Original assignee: Luis Castro Gomez
Priority date: 1998-07-23
Filing date: 1999-04-19
Publication date: 2000-02-03
Also published as: DE69920415D1; PT1063069E; EP1063069A1; ES2140353A1; AU3148799A; ES2140353B1; ATE276859T1; EP1063069B1

Abstract

Method for sawing granites and other stones by means of grit and sludge containing suspended fine and soft materials, separating or not the major cuttings by mechanical means and the minor cuttings or all cuttings by continuous and frequent evacuation of a fraction of the suspension sludge; the sludge is reconstituted by adding water, lime and fine and soft materials in appropriate proportion and amount in order to maintain the suspension qualities of the sludge and a stone particle concentration which reduces energy, grit, strupping and time, without incurring in high cost in acquiring, preparing and evacuating fine and soft materials, the method controlling the grit content in the suspension sludge by means of a transformer of which the magnetic flow goes through the circulating sludge from two annular external poles, and controlling the viscosity through the active intensity of the homogenizer motor.

Description

METHOD OF ASERRAR GRANITOS TECHNICAL SECTOR

This method of sawing granites and other hard stones with shot and mud supporting fine and soft materials is framed in the industrial sector of the production of boards lcm or more thick, of few m ² each, starting from blocks of natural stone , as they leave the quarry or squads, generally several m ³ . Also suitable for sawing artificial stone. It is applied with conventional machines, with one or more strips, up to 500, which move alternately with pendular paths of about 50cm in width and approximately a radius of 135cm. STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

Hard stones are currently not sawn with multiple diamond discs or diamond strips; Sawing or diamond cutting is still more expensive than sawing with steel strips and shot blasting, which is why those who opted for diamond have stopped the machines they had for this purpose and installed sawing machines with strapping hard steel and cooling and cleaning sludge with steel shot or white cast iron. This method has been used for 60 years and exclusively when it comes to producing boards of 1 to 3cm. If they are thicker than 4cm, the diamond disc is preferably used.

The coolant and cleaning grit that is currently used contains (64 3)% by volume of sawing detritus with an average size of 37 7 μm of equivalent diameter, which makes sawing significantly difficult in terms of cost and time .

In patent ES 9300185 / PCT940009 and earlier, he mentioned the possibility of sawing with sludges that contain low percentages of sawing debris and that owe their sustaining power to the presence of fine and soft powders that allow reducing the total cost of sawing to 1/3 of the current and triple the production, but due to the high investment necessary to apply it, it has not been possible for the holder to apply it or find adequate financial. This new patent aims to solve this problem, with a less perfect method but with less investment. The electromagnetic meter of the shot content in the mud is unprecedented. Until about 25 years ago, the determination of the mud shot content was done by hand and by hand the addition of new shot and the advance of the sawing machine was programmed. Since then, the use of automatic equipment that does the same functions of diluting a measured amount of mud, dragging light and fine materials and leaving the useful shot with water, which is finally evacuated, and weighing the shot. This operation is done several times per hour and depending on the result, more or less new shot is automatically added.

For the determination of viscosity, a commercial viscometer consisting of a small agitator with an electric motor is used whose active intensity gives us a viscosity index. EXPLANATION

The sludge that leaves the sawing machine is passed through a device of any type, flow divider, so that a small part is separated from the circuit and so much water, lime and final and soft materials are added to the non-separated part such as those separated from the circuit, plus the water to replace the small losses due to evaporation, so that the sludge that returns to the sawing machine always has the same proportions of water, lime and fine and soft materials per unit, in addition to the particles of stone not separated from the circuit. The shot is recovered from the separated sludge by conventional means, and it is returned to the circuit at the same point as the other new materials or at another.

Can also be sent mud leaving the sawing machine to an enclosure free of C0 ₂ which is passed through a screen that separates particles larger stone and actual grit. The larger stone particles are separated from the shot in a cyclone or by any other conventional means, sent to the outside or to a conventional washing equipment for use for other purposes; while the shot is returned to the sludge that returns to the sawing machine before passing through a homogenizer of the shot. The mud loaded with smaller stone particles that have passed the sieve, is sent to an inlet channel to the homogenizer, provided with a spillway spillway, so that the mud loaded with stone particles that does not have access to the homogenizer go through the spillway and throw it outside before mixing with new mud and shot. For this, the inlet channel, the homogenizer and the pump post form a container assembly of mud with walls high enough everywhere except for the spillway, so that if the level goes up, more mud is loaded by the spillway and if it goes down less. The pump regulates the flow sent to the machine and the established program regulates the flow of renewal or new mud, and due to the relative situation only loaded mud is evacuated. In the homogenizer one or two screens are arranged that prevent the sludge from passing over it, without being homogenized by recirculation or agitation.

In addition to the shot and the non-poured sludge, the homogenizer is supplied with the appropriate amount of new sludge composed of lime-saturated water with the appropriate proportion of fine and soft materials conveniently mixed. Thus, by regulating the contribution of new sludge it is possible to evacuate the convenient amount of surplus sludge loaded with particles and maintain the content of stone particles in the mud in a more convenient percentage for each stone that is sawn, without the need for any regulatory mechanism. The purpose of the screening is to remove the major particles from the circuit, which can be separated by this economic procedure, so that the debris content in the sludge is maintained under the maximum limit, without the need to evacuate so much of the loaded mud, with loss greater than fine and soft materials. Screening also prevents sludge from entering the machine, with these large particles, which would spend more energy, shot, strips and sawing time. The absence of CO ₂ in the sieve enclosure is necessary so that CO ^ Ca is not formed that would obstruct the sieve meshes, when reacting with the lime dissolved in the water, essential so that the stones are not stained with the oxides of iron that would be produced when the shot and rust were oxidized. In the method without sieve, 1 liter can be circulated through the sawing machine, ' second ^• strip, approximately, of mud, as is currently done without fine and soft materials, and separate 11), 6 cm Second ^• strap, although such a high recirculation rate is not necessary, 1000cm ³ / lcm ³ = 1000, nor a lot less. In the screening method, to avoid a very large screen, the most convenient recirculation rate would be between 6 and 40.

According to the experiences made between lime water and fine and soft materials, there should be a volumetric ratio of approximately 78 to 22 so that it meets the proper conditions of fluidity, and sustaining and dragging power of the shot and stone particles. Therefore, if we take a maximum of 60% of stone particles, we will have at least 31.2% of water and 8.8% of fine and soft materials, approximately, as a possible field of application of this method.

The savings obtained by this method in the consumption of shot, strapping, energy and sawing time will be less than those of the method of maintaining the content of stone particles at the lowest possible level, from 5 to 10%, such as It was previously considered economic optimum in the experiences made for previous patents, but, due to the lower investment of this method, it will be more easily applicable.

In both cases, fine and soft materials can be incorporated into the powder circuit, adding at the same time the necessary water, lime and shot, or in the form of sludge prepared with the appropriate viscosity to support the shot and flow well into the grooves. .

The presence in the equipment of an electric motor that drives the homogenizer whose power depends on the viscosity of the sludge does not require the installation of a viscometer. For more sensitivity, a capacitor is coupled to the motor that supplies all the reactive intensity that it demands in a vacuum and the intensity that it demands from the network will be proportional to the power and a maximum and minimum reliable limits can be established between which the intensity corresponds to the maximum and minimum values of the viscosity that the sludge must have and acting on an automaton regulates it and gives the alarms, due to the impossibility of regulating it. The shot content meter consists of two electrical circuits, one primary and other secondary, and a magnetic circuit, partly of magnetic sheet, which closes through the mud, whose permeability depends on the concentration of shot in the mud that can vary between 5% and 8% in volume, although It is currently (5 ⁺ 1)%. The transformer or autotransformer thus constituted has an intensity in the secondary that varies almost proportionally with the volumetric content of shot blasting whose magnetic permeability is greater than that of the mud, if its primary is excited with a constant voltage.

The advantages of this method lie in the small investment to apply it. Without sieving, and feeding the sludge circuit manually of fine and soft materials, the investment is zero. The minimum cost is achieved by automating it. With sieve, when it is useful for having the stone quartz, lower cost is achieved than without sieving, because the quartz in the sawmill breaks in the form of curly shells 0.5 to 15 μm thick and diameters of 50 to 300 μm, by What large pane can be separated by screening. EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES Fig. 1 - Scheme of the method without sieve. Fig. 2 - Scheme of the screening method.

In both schemes the numbers represent: 0.- Sawing machine.

1.- Motor pump that collects the sludge that comes out of the sawing machine and perhaps the new shot.

2.- Screen in figure 2.

3.- Evacuation channel of excess sludge that in the method without sieve goes to a shotgun separator 5.

4.- Homogenizer of the content of shot and fine and soft materials. With large flow of mud it is not necessary.

5.- Shotgun recovery. In the process without sieve, the pump well 1 can be thrown. In the process with sieve, channel 3 is thrown. 6.- Loom feeding pump. 7.- Waste tanks. 8.- Silo of fine and soft materials. 9.- Pump and water tank for the separation of the shot. 10 - New shot blasting tank. Fig. 3 - Longitudinal section of a mixing-homogenization and pumping channel. 1.- Spillway. 2.- Arrival of loaded mud.

3, 4 and 5.- Arrival of new mud and shot or fine and soft powdered materials, lime, water and shot.

6.- Homogenizer. 7.- Screens. 8 - Get pump.

9.- Motor pump.

10.- Possible free surface of the circulating mud. Fig. 4 and 5 - Section and plan view of the meter of volume percent of the shot in the mud. 1 - Pipe where the mud flows.

2.- Shot blasting from 0.1 to 0.5 mm $ 5. 3.- Reel support coil and magnetic rings. 4.- Primary and secondary coils. It can be one as in autotransformers. 5.- Magnetic sheet in rings and columns. These can be 2, 4 or any other quantity.

6 - Electric connection jacks. 7.- Set closure screws.

8.- Closing caps, removable, which facilitate the placement of magnetic plates.

BEST WAY TO APPLY

With a high flow of sludge, the mixer channel of fine and soft materials is placed at a higher height than the feed to the sawing machine, the homogenizer is not required and the sludge falls directly to the sawing machine. The recovered and new shot can be thrown into the pump well 1, fig. 1. With small Flow rate, with or without sieve, the homogenizer is necessary and must be adjusted to the diagrams in fig. 1 and 2. The replacement of fine and soft materials can be done in all cases in powder or in prepared mud.

The feeding of fine and soft materials to the circuit or to a previous mixer can be done from a silo or from bags of lm ³ with spiral steel thread tube without shaft, driven by variable speed or two speed motor or with several feeders, controlled by automatons same as the addition of water and advance of the machine. In the silo or sack there will be a 50 H _z vibrator to prevent the formation of vaults. I ^to provisionally installation can be done to rule personally, but he will be automated.

HOW TO EXPLOIT IT

It is intended to establish contracts with the current stone sawmills to participate in the savings that will be produced when applying the method, with or without sieve to the machines that are working without fine or soft materials, without requiring advance payment to the stone sawmills. The works and facilities will be made by the patent holder, at a charge, adapting to the characteristics of each factory.

Claims

I ^a . Method of sawing granites and other stones, with shot and with mud supporting fine and soft materials characterized in that the content of stone particles is kept high, at the most convenient percentage level that allows the lowest cost of sawing, pouring a part of the outside sludge containing as many stone particles as they have been produced in the sawing, continuously or frequently and also characterized in that the quantities of water, lime and fine and soft materials that have been poured outside the sludge circuit are also continuously or frequently replenished . Also characterized in that the composition of the sludge entering the machine, excluding the shot, can vary between the following limits: stone particles less than 66%; lime water more than 28%, and fine and soft materials more than 6%, all in volume, according to the characteristics of the stone and the characteristics and prices of the fine and soft materials.

2 ^a . Method granite sawing and other stones with shot and mud maintainer fine materials and soft as described in claim I ^to characterized in that the output of the sawing machine is passed all sludge by a mesh screen as small as compatible with the lower cost of sawing, which separates from the mud the stone particles that do not pass the mesh, from which the useful shot that is reincorporated to the mud that has passed through the mesh is recovered, characterized also because the Screen mesh is located in a place free of CO ₂ .

3 ^a . Method of sawing granite and other stones with shot and mud supporting fine and soft materials as described in claims I ^a and 2 ^a characterized in that the sludge circuit is provided with a channel of sides and a high end, which has in the at the other end, an adjustable height spillway through which the excess mud loaded with particles leaves the circuit, characterized in that following the spillway, in the channel, is the arrival of muds loaded with particles from the sawing machine, which can be higher , lower or lateral, and characterized in that between the arrival of loaded sludge and the other end of the channel, which delivers the sludge to a homogenizer and pump postage or exit to the sawing machine, the new sludge or its constituents separated and the shot recovered and perhaps also the new one.

4 ^a . Method of sawing granites and other stones with shot and mud supporting fine and soft materials as described in claims I ^a or 2 ^a characterized in that the measurement of the content of shot in the mud is made electromagnetically with a transformer whose magnetic circuit is closed through the shot that circulates with the mud through a non-magnetizable tube, whose variations in proportion vary the intensity of the secondary.

5 ^a . Method granite sawing and other stones with shot and mud maintainer fine materials and soft as described in claims I ^to or 2 ^to acterized character- because the viscosities of the new mud and all the mud is controlled by the active currents of engines of the new sludge mixer and homogenizer or a sludge pump.

MODIFIED CLAIMS

[received by the International office on October 7, 1999 (07.10.99) modified claims 1 and 2; other claims do not change

(1 page)]

I ^a . Method of sawing granites and other stones, with shot and with mud supporting fine and soft materials characterized in that the content of stone particles is kept high, at the most convenient percentage level that allows the lowest cost of sawing, pouring a part of the outside sludge containing as many stone particles as they have been produced in the sawing, continuously or frequently and also characterized in that the quantities of water, lime and fine and soft materials that have been poured outside the sludge circuit are also continuously or frequently replenished . Also characterized in that the composition of the sludge entering the machine, excluding the shot, can vary between the following limits: stone particles less than 66%; lime water more than 28%, and fine and soft materials more than 6%, all in volume, according to the characteristics of the stone and the characteristics and prices of the fine and soft materials, and also characterized because at the exit of the grooves of the sanding block, the content of stone particles plus shot is equal to or greater than 40% in volumeα

2 ^a . Method granite sawing and other stones with shot and mud maintainer fine materials and soft as described in claim I ^to characterized in that the output of the sawing machine is passed all sludge by a mesh screen as small as compatible with the lower cost of sawing, in any case greater than 55μm, which separates the particles of stone that do not pass the mesh from the mud, from which the useful shot that is returned to the mud that has passed through the mesh, also characterized in that the screen mesh is located in a place free of CO „.

MODIFIED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) O 00/05048 1 1

DECLARATION ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 19

In patent W09417969A a method of sawing with sludge having a low content of sawing debris - stone particles - is claimed so that stone particles plus shot is less than 40% by volume of sludge, at the exit of the grooves of sawing, so that in PCT / ES99 / 00102 an additional characterization is introduced in claim I ^to indicate that contents of stone particles more than 40% shot by volume are claimed at the exit of the grooves.

In patents ES8702220A and W09417969A the content of sawing debris in the mud is as low as possible, from 0 to approximately 35%, assuming 5% of shot, all in volume, and the fine and soft materials are recovered, while in PCT / ES99 / 00102 is the opposite. They are three different patents.

In patent EP767035A they refer to a filter that cuts between 5 and 30 μm, while PCT / ES99 / 00102 refers to an opening screen greater than 55 μm according to the modification now introduced. But there are also the following differences:

EP767035A PCT / ES99 / 00102 cuts with continuous wire saws with strips continuous movement alternative abrasive movement of 5 to 30 μm shot blasting more than 55 μm, up to 1000 suspension in water or oil suspension in mud of fine and soft materials

In the other patents cited in the search no relationships are appreciated.