ES2273569B1 - AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF THE MUDS OF ASERRAR GRANITOS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites in which the content of grit is maintained per liter of sludge and its viscosity automatically between established limits before starting to saw, whether it is sawn with sludges containing thick sawing debris or only They contain fine debris. A large volume stone separator is described that can be emptied without tools and without staining. A shotgun cyclone with two inlets is described, one for mud and one for water. The convenience of purifying almost continuously and that of placing the level probes in the sludge wells with little height difference is established.

Description

Automatic control of sawing sludge granites

Technical sector

Automatic control of sawing sludge granites and other hard stones, described, is intended the automatic completion of the tasks of knowing the content of the shot in the sludge and its viscosity and keep these parameters between previously established limits, and other improvements in Sawing methods

It is about the industrial production of boards of granite and other hard stones 1 cm thick or more, starting of blocks of natural stone, as they leave the quarries or previously squared, generally several cubic meters.

It is part of the manufacturing sector of Construction materials.

State of the art

We will review the different aspects of control separately for clarity.

Shot blast control.- In the patent 2004011857 Spanish some improvements were established over others earlier as Euro PCT 99913325 and 8700697, which have the problem of poor accuracy of data captures with a single collector

Viscosity control.- So far it has not been known no automatic maintenance system or of Viscosity knowledge applicable to all sawing of granite. Industrial practice involves taking a sample of sludge in a container and introduce in it a graduated ruler provided of a groove of uniformly varied width between one and three millimeters, take it out and see the situation of the mud meniscus that shape in the groove, relative to the graduated scale. That Indication is considered to be the viscosity index.

Stone remover.- Although he lowered the blocks there are Strainers that prevent stones from falling into the wells of the bombs, always escapes some, that if it reaches the cyclone I could cause trouble. To avoid this, strainers are placed in the circuits derived from purification. The ones in the industries they are currently small, they get stuck frequently and their Cleaning is uncomfortable.

Derivation to purification.- It is regulated with a manual valve next to the vertical tube where the sludges go from the pump to the distributor system on the blocks in point such that the column of mud that it supports is more than two meters, and for that the mud flow is not too high, the valve opens only partially and sometimes it clogs.

Debug operation.- Until now starts, when the mud touches the maximum level probe in the mud pit, and stops when the minimum level probe stops touch mud, being the frequency of one to two per hour and its duration short, about 20% of the time, so that the volume of mud in the well varies from 1 to 3 and consequently the content Specific shot blasting in the mud can vary from 1 to 2, which strongly limits the advance.

There are no known patents on these aspects of sludge control used in stone sawing.

Granulometry of the shot. - Until now the particle size of the shot used in sawing ranges from 1 mm of maximum dimension to a minimum variable depending on the efficiency of the cyclone from 0.1 to 0.2 in diameter. Patent PE 200201529 no dig deep enough into the importance of diameter
minimum.

Mixing the mud with water in the cyclone.- Up to now the water was mixed with the mud before entering the cyclone using a 90 ° graft that leads the water to the mud flow that enters through a cylindrical tube. The homogenization efficiency of The mixture is scarce. In EU patent 02720025/2 a claim is claimed Very effective homogenizing mixer, but there is another solution that We will describe here, very simple and complementary

Divulgation

Shot Blast Control - To get more precision in the knowledge and control of the content of the shot in the mud, each time the data is to be taken the shot will be repeated about 10 times and the sum or average of the measurements will be the best data of the shot, with much greater precision than with a single shot, and without the complication of the installation of several outlet devices in simultaneous use.

The concentration will be marked on the automaton desired, which will be permanently visible, and some will be established maximum and minimum limits as close as necessary, increasing, if necessary, the number of times the data, or reducing it if the 10 indicated were not necessary. When you exceed the limits, some signals will start systems that increase or reduce the addition of shot, according to cases. There will also be alarms with wider limits, so that When a person is excited, investigate what happens and correct it. Data collection will start some time after the start of a purification cycle, so that the mud is new, of the circulating in that moment in the mud feed system to the machine sawing, and not the one that could have been left in the vertical tube and bypass socket to scrubber equipment.

Viscosity control.- In the same tube vertical that drives the mud to the mixer and cyclone, and sufficiently far from the data collection area of the shot content, so as not to alter your shots, the viscosity control equipment. Data collection is done using a vertical ruler, with a width groove uniformly varied, from 1.4 mm up to 3 mm below, from 8 cm height, analogous to the one currently used. This rule it is submerged in the constantly circulating mud, so that it is not dry the mud on it, and extract it up a few seconds after finishing a purification cycle, so that the pressure of the mud does not make it go up the slot of varying width, with adequate mechanism that works at constant speed.

The rule has the appropriate orientation for that does not hinder the circulation of the mud that goes to the cyclone, is to say that its middle main plane is the same as the piano of the vertical and horizontal tube shafts that goes to the mixer and cyclone.

The time it takes to travel from one suitable opening conveniently located in the ruler, until the mud meniscus in the groove of varying width, plus a constant The device itself will serve as an indication of viscosity. For measure that time a cylindrical beam of light is used approximately 1 mm in diameter, driven by optical fiber, to a side of the ruler, and a photoelectric cell on the other side of the rule, conveniently focused. An automaton or computer that measures the time from the first light stroke to the second, indicates its value and if it exceeds the established limits it gives the signals opportune to add more lime water or more fine powders, and others wider limits give us alarm signals.

This equipment is installed in the extension vertical upwards of the vertical tube in which the shotgun detector. The mud that goes to the cyclone after traveling the vertical tube is directed horizontally to the cyclone or the mixer prior to the cyclone. The vertical extension begins with a set of flanges that are separated by one or two pieces of elastomer that they contain a horizontal, diametral linear opening, where it rises and lower the grooved rule. That opening has lips down that clean the rule when it rises, and also prevent the outflow of mud upwards. On the piece or pieces of elastomer wrought there is a piece of nylon or similar material that will prevent the lips from stir up and another with a wider opening below.

The rule section has a central part flat and beveled edges ending in edges. Agreements between the flat part and the bezels are wide radius curves for that the elastomer lips can adapt to the ruler without leaving gaps The vertical extension of the tube is transparent to be able to Observe the beam of light and the ruler. The end of the fiber optic and the pickup cell is installed in two grafts to the extension tube vertical, facing, horizontal, one or more centimeters in length, with eaves to wash the extension internally without affecting the optical system.

At the elastomer level, above, there is a outlet for washing water and possible mud. Above, in the extension, there is the wash water inlet, with key operated by hand.

Viscosity and content control shot blasting when sawing with sludge without sawing detritus greater than 20 \ mum.- In this case there is a very correlation precise between the density of the mud without shot and the viscosity of so knowing the density we don't need to know the viscosity. To know the density of the whole without shot, weighed a certain volume of mud circulating through a supported tube by one or two electronic weight sensors, and an automaton connected to the weight sensors gives us the density, and in another same device weighed the mud with shot and by difference we know the shot content per liter. The automaton has indicated the desired values for density and shot, and maximum values and minimum, with outlets to water addition devices or fine and soft powders to correct the density, and the mechanism of addition of shot, to achieve the desired value. Can be automaton or a computer.

The weighing apparatus consists of a weighing tube, of suitable diameter and length, preferably of material lightweight to achieve greater precision with smaller size, with the rounded inner edges, so that they do not cut the tube rubber, lined internally with virgin rubber or similar material, tubular, longer than the weighing tube, which also lines internally two short segments of the same diameter tube, also with rounded inner edges, rigidly attached to a top bar, which also supports the sensors of weight of which the weighing tube hangs.

Commercial weight sensors measure the weight of the tuba, the inner lining and everything that goes through it, with enough precision with hardly any vertical displacement. However the weighing tube and adjacent short tube segments are a few mm apart to allow precise weighing.

The inner rubber lining is attached to the pipe segments with internal pressure flanges, or, for disturb the flow less at all, protrude from the segments of tube and outside the pipes of arrival and exit of the mud, whose tubes have rounded outer edges, and ends of the rubber lining are fastened with outer flanges.

The weighing device that measures the density of the mud it is installed after a homogenizing mixer of the mixture of water with recovered fine and soft powders, with more water or more new fine and soft powders, as ordered by the automaton, to maintain density within previously established limits in the automaton.

For stable operation, the homogenizer has a volume equivalent to the flow rate of two minutes or more

At the exit of the density meter sludge, with the suitable density, it goes to another homogenizer also of the same size, where the shotgun that is recovered is incorporated continuously and more if the automaton detects insufficiency in the second weighing device where the mixture passes before going to the sawing machine

Stone remover.- Consists of a fixed upper body which contains the mud inlet and the outlet, and from a lower one Detachable, which is the deposit of the stones. Both parts are preferably vertical cylindrical, the upper slightly high and the lower higher. The mud input is horizontal, radial or tangential, and vertical upward and coaxial output, in whose output the automatic valve and shot blast detectors are installed and viscosity, in this order. The strainer, sheet or mesh element, with the most convenient opening so that none can get stuck of the devices through which the sludge to be purified must pass, it is also vertical cylindrical of approximately half diameter and coaxial with stone remover bodies and with vertical outlet upwards. Both bodies are pluggable with each other, with gasket tightness and tighten by two or more tensioners that separate easily from the bottom to extract it. The tensioners in the Top are adjustable with closed wing nuts, supported by metal washers between which a thick elastomer washer to facilitate disassembly of lower body without having to loosen the nuts every time. He strainer element fits in the vertical mud outlet upwards and in another vertical outlet down, followed by flexible tube and plug to be able to discharge the mud contained in the bottom and wash it before throwing the stones. The filter element is will keep on the bottom until it is removed to take it out The embedded stones.

The stone remover is installed after the valve manual bypass of sludge to the purification circuit. Prior to open the strainer to throw the stones out of mud, which will throw into the well. It will be emptied at least every sawed.

Purification operation when sawing with sludge containing sawing detritus.- The purification process begins when the mud in the well touches the maximum level sensor, opening the automatic sludge and water valves of the mixer, and after a few seconds, sufficient for the sludge from the purification circuit to be completely new, not from the previous cycle, the shot content measurements are made. In this way these measurements correspond to the minimum specific content of the shot in the mud, when the amount of shot is distributed in the maximum volume of mud and always in that phase of the cycle of
depuration.

Debugging is done by deriving the minimum flow Precise for debugging to work about 100% of the time that lasts the sawing, with what the variations of the content Specific shot blasting in the mud are minimal and you get the Maximum advance possible.

At least half an hour there will be a interruption of the debugging process to be able to make a viscosity determination, closing automatic valves so that there is no pressure in the vertical tube and to move the ruler grooved without sludge coming out of the groove towards extension of the vertical tube. These interruptions will last shortly level difference of the maximum and minimum probes.

Granulometry of the shot.- When the strips begin a reciprocating path they are at a certain height on the bottom of the grooves of the block and go down until they meet the larger shot granules, they roll them on the bottom of the groove pressing them more and more intensely until they make a dent on it by pulling out tiny pieces of stone, they continue to roll them more until by the irregularities of the bottom of the groove, that of the shot itself and those of the strips, those larger grains of shot on the sides of the strips; at that indeterminate moment other minor grains, the largest of those that remain below the strips roll and press on the bottom of the grooves continuing the advance of the sawing, and so on until the smaller sizes fulfill their function of nicking the stone. Finally, the minimum shot and the sawing debris come out from under the strips and the strips drag on the bottoms of the grooves, wear excessively, consume waste energy and make intense noise and
acute.

From the above the convenience of Recover the shot to the smaller sizes.

It should be noted that the angled shot as it fulfills its function it is rounded until it is approximately spherical with diameter slightly less than the dimension minimum and then follow spherical, less and less.

Water mixture in the cyclone.- It consists of injecting water in the upper part of the cyclone, tangentially to the inner wall of the cyclone, in any direction, shortly after the entrance of the mud. This water, due to its lower density, will flow through the flow of the mud in the cyclone to go towards the axis and the upper outlet, and the mud will flow through the water flow, facilitating the separation of the shot. The best solutions for this process are that the mud inlet is rectangular, taller than it is wide and parallel to it the water inlet of analogous section, juxtaposed to that of the mud, externally, of equal or greater height and convenient width, according to the cases, or not juxtaposed, entering the mud before the
Water.

Explanation of the figures

Figure 1.- where the tube is seen laterally horizontal 7.

one

is part of the automatic mud valve.

2

is the vertical tube

3

is the shotgun content data collector, proximity detector inductive.

4

is the shaved ruler

5

is the uniformly varied width groove

6

is a opening of sufficient size for the sludge to fall out of she

7

is the horizontal tube where the mud goes to the cyclone or the mixer previous.

8

is the vertical tube top flange

9

is the rigid piece that holds the elastomer lip in position 10 preventing it from going down.

10

is the Elastomeric shutter with lips, or scraper, which prevents the Everything goes up.

eleven

is the rigid piece that prevents scratching lips from turning towards above.

12

is the drain pipe that extends with pipe to avoid staining the pieces below.

13

is the vertical extension flange 14; contains the drain 12.

14

is the vertical extension up the vertical tube 2.

fifteen

They are the grafts at 14 where the conductive optical fiber of the beam is housed  of light and the photoelectric cell, equipped with interior visors that avoid getting wet or stain photoelectric devices, such as it is seen in fig. 2.

16

is the coupling of the ruler with the tractor represented.

17

is the wash water inlet.

Fig. 2.- It is a front view of the tubes vertical, from the side opposite the horizontal tube, in which see rule 4 of edge and section of elastomer lips 10.

Fig. 3.- It is an enlarged detail four times of the ruler, lips and rigid pieces, in which the lips are seen in the edge of the ruler, of strokes.

Fig. 4.- It is an enlarged detail of a section of rule 4, in which the sharp edges, the groove 5 and the opening 6, of strokes.

Fig. 5.- It is a vertical longitudinal section of a scale to measure sludge densities with and without shot, when sawing with sludge that at the entrance in the Sawing machine does not contain particles larger than 20 µm of diameter in it

18

is the Weighing tube, which hangs from the weight sensors 19.

19

They are electronic weight sensors, which can be only one at center.

twenty

is the virgin rubber tube or similar material, which covers it inside, and also covers the input and output sections 21, and externally the extensions of these.

twenty-one

They are the pieces of tube, of the same section as the weighing 18, which are rigidly attached to the weight sensor support 2. 3.

22

They are the rigid supports of 21.

2. 3

is the rigid piece support set.

24

They are the outer clamps that hold the rubber tube 20 to the extensions or arrival and exit sludge pipes 25.

Figs. 6 and 7.- They are plan and elevation views respectively of a cyclone with two parallel entrances and juxtaposed. In them

26

is the cyclone body

27

is the water inlet, exterior.

28

is the mud inlet

29

is the diluted sludge outlet without shot, and

30

is the shot blasting

Fig. 8.- It is a plan view of the part upper of the cyclone in which the mud inlet precedes the water inlet

How to apply it

Sawing with sludge containing debris from sawing, as is currently done, methods and devices described are immediately applicable and intercalable in Current debugging equipment.

Sludge scales without sawing detritus greater than 20 µm at the entrance of the sawmill, they are also directly applicable, installing the mud density no shot at the outlet of the homogenizer mixer sludge sludge from the recovery concentrator, after adding fine and soft powders or water as appropriate, and shot after adding this and homogenize the mixture.

How to exploit the patent

Since there are thousands of sawing machines in hundreds of companies in El Mundo, agreements with entrepreneurs and establish collaboration contracts. In spite of numerous efforts in this regard I have not reached any agreement interesting relative to other patents.

Claims (9)

1. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites and other hard stones with inductive proximity detectors attached to vertical tubes, to maintain the content of the shot between convenient limits characterized by the fact that every time the data is to be taken, several shots will be taken equal intervals whose sum or average will be taken as a result of the taking of this data and also characterized in that these data takings will be made with the appropriate frequency to ensure the consistency of the shot content in the mud, at least every half hour, or once for each purification cycle and also characterized in that the data collection will begin some time after the beginning of the purification cycle, when fresh mud is already passing, not the stagnation in the purification circuit from the previous cycle. 2. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites and other hard stones to regulate the viscosity of the sludge, using a ruler with a groove of uniformly varied width between 1.4 mm above and 3 mm below, about 8 cm in length , characterized in that the ruler is in an upright position and extends down several cm, and above the groove there is a perforation with the beveled edges of several millimeters in diameter or side, and several centimeters more in height until the hook in the vertical movement system, and also characterized in that the groove of the ruler is kept submerged in the circulating sludge in the vertical tube that leads the sludge to the mixer and the cyclone or directly to the cyclone, the main piano being the middle of the ruler in it piano that form the axes of the vertical tube and its horizontal extension and also characterized in that the ruler is pulled up a few seconds after finishing a purification cycle, at a uniform speed, the time taken by the ruler from the time the upper perforation has passed through a certain point until the meniscus that the mud forms in the groove of uniformly varied width passes through the viscosity index , or the distance between the upper perforation and the meniscus, plus a constant characteristic of the apparatus. 3. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites, as described in claim 2 characterized in that the determined point is the axis of a beam of light of approximately 1 mm in diameter, driven by optical fiber to one side of the ruler and a photoelectric cell on the other side, whose beam of light is located in the middle plane of the vertical groove of uniformly varied width, and also characterized in that an automaton or computer measures the time since the photoelectric cell captures or stops capturing the light that passes by the upper perforation until it captures the light that passes under the meniscus formed by the mud in the groove of uniformly varied width. 4. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites, as described in claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the upward flow of the grooved ruler is made through an hermetic seal of elastomer with lips facing down, covering the entire width of the rule and on it a rigid piece with adequate opening to the passage of the ruler and a few tenths of a millimeter of clearance, and under the elastomer another rigid piece with sufficient opening for the lips, leaving the elastomer and the rigid pieces imprisoned by the flanges attached to the vertical tube and its upward extension, also characterized in that this vertical upward extension is transparent, has a drain in the lower part at the level of the flange, and a little higher up has two opposite horizontal coaxial grafts whose axes intersect with the axis of the vertical extension in the same plane and normally to the main plane of the ruler, in whose grafts the ext rowing of the light-emitting fiber optic and in the other the photoelectric cell capturing the light beam, also characterized in that these grafts with the equipment installed in them are hermetic and also have inside the tube extension of eaves and finally characterized because above there is a wash water inlet and above the vertical movement system of the ruler. 5. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites when the sludge is composed exclusively of particles of less than 20 µm in diameter, largely soft, and lime water, with the appropriate viscosity, to which is then added the shot and homogenize the mixture characterized in that the viscosity is measured by the density of the mixture without shot and the content of shot by the density of the mixture with shot which is subtracted from the density of the same mixture without shot, and characterized also because the density measurements are made with tube scales where the sludges pass, whose pieces of weighing tube, of sufficient volume, rigidly hang from one or two electronic weight sensors, which measure the weight without just vertical displacement of the piece of weighing tube, further characterized in that the piece of weighing tube of each scale is lined internally with virgin rubber approximately one millimeter thick. also tubular, adhered, which extends through both ends entering the pieces of inlet and outlet tubes of a few centimeters in length, coaxial with the piece of empty weighing tube, and rigidly attached to the sensor support, also glued and perhaps retained by inner pressure rings, or externally covering the continuations of the inlet and outlet tubes and embraced by flanges, all tubes being of equal diameter and low wall and the weighing tube being axially separated from the adjacent ones a few millimeters, and finally characterized because the data of the measurements are transmitted to an automaton or computer that processes them, subtracts them and according to their result in relation to the programmed order the addition of more or less lime water, or more or less shot to keep the mixture between Programmed limits for shot content and density without shot. 6. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites characterized in that sludges that are derived to purification, before passing through the detectors of shot and viscosity are passed through a separator of stones preferably cylindrical vertical two bodies, whose upper body contains the radial or tangential inlet and the coaxial vertical outlet, and the lower part also coaxial is plugged into the upper one with a hermetic seal and attached to the upper part with two or more rods that can be separated from the lower part to remove it when it is loaded, without loosen any thyme, for which in the upper part the rods rest on two washers each between which is an elastomer washer of adequate diameter and thickness and modulus of elasticity such that they can support the weights of sludge and stones without losing the tightness and remove and replace the rods easily. 7. Automatic control of the sludge from sawing granites and other hard stones characterized in that the minimum possible flow is purified, but almost permanently and because the control of the flow to be purified is done in a mixer ejector, properly choosing the diameter of the water jet in relation to with the diameter of the duct through which it must enter by dragging sludge, also characterized in that the water jet can be hollow and speed controllable manually or automatically with the aid of a flow control controlling stopcock. 8. Automatic control of sludge from sawing granites and other hard stones when sawing with sludge containing sawing debris, characterized in that when all the strips work over their entire length, a fixed amount of fine and soft powders is added to the mud, preset, proportional to the advance and the corresponding lime water to maintain the convenient viscosity, characterized in that the lime water that is added can be varied with the automatic viscosity controller and also characterized in that the sludge flow to be purified is adjusted, so that the purification operate almost continuously, with brief interruptions every half hour approximately to make measurements of viscosity and specific shot content, also characterized in that the level probes in the mud pit are very close to each other. 9. Automatic control of all sawing granites and other hard stones characterized in that the sludge in the cyclone is mixed with water in the convenient proportion, injecting in the cyclone a stream of water from any section and in any direction and in any part of the same, and more specifically leading to the cyclone a rectangular jet, taller than it is wide, juxtaposed to the mud stream externally, and the mud stream also having a rectangular section of equal or lesser height, entering the outside of the water jet tangentially to the inner wall of the cyclone, or entering separately, before the jet of everything, by the top of the cyclone.