WO1999067736A1 - Verfahren zum auswerten eines eingangsdatensignals und schaltungsanordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zum auswerten eines eingangsdatensignals und schaltungsanordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999067736A1 WO1999067736A1 PCT/IB1999/001128 IB9901128W WO9967736A1 WO 1999067736 A1 WO1999067736 A1 WO 1999067736A1 IB 9901128 W IB9901128 W IB 9901128W WO 9967736 A1 WO9967736 A1 WO 9967736A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- data signal
- complex
- free
- real part
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating an input data signal generated by load modulation and to a circuit arrangement for carrying out such a method.
- the data transmission from the data carrier to the read / write device and vice versa is checked on the basis of the so-called maximum read / write distance.
- the maximum read / write distance provides an important criterion for the behavior of the devices mentioned.
- the contactless data carriers are magnetically coupled to the read / write device. Both the energy for powering the data carrier and the data signals themselves are transmitted via the magnetic coupling.
- the data signals are transmitted from the data carrier to the read / write device by load modulation.
- an additional impedance referred to as load impedance, is switched on and off on the data carrier with the data signal.
- load impedance an additional impedance, referred to as load impedance, is switched on and off on the data carrier with the data signal.
- a first impedance 3 is connected, which serves as a fixed load, and a load impedance 5 that can be connected via a switch 4.
- the switch 4 is preferably controlled electronically by the data signal to be transmitted from the data carrier to the read / write device, compare the Arrow 6
- the ISO / TEC JTC1 / SC17 / WG8 / TF2 standard presents a measuring arrangement for determining the modulation of the data carrier with a coil arrangement, which is shown schematically in FIG. 2, the mechanical and electrical ones Data of this measuring arrangement are defined in the document "Working Draft ISO / 124443".
- a field coil 7 generates a magnetic field with an adjustable field strength. Without a data carrier, this field induces in two measuring coils 8, 9, which are symmetrical to the field coil Equal voltages are arranged 7.
- the two measuring coils 8, 9 are connected in series in phase opposition, so that the differential voltage from the voltages induced in the measuring coils is at least approximately zero.
- a load modulation of the data carrier thus effects an amplitude modulation of the differential voltage.
- This amplitude-modulated differential voltage is designated in FIG. 2 by the reference symbol UD. It has been shown in practice that the evaluation of the amplitude modulation from
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and a circuit arrangement which enable a more reliable evaluation of a data signal transmitted by load modulation. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method according to
- the method according to the invention and the circuit arrangement according to the invention make use of the knowledge that not only a modulation of the amplitude but also of the phase occurs due to the load modulation. Through the invention, both the amplitude modulation and the phase modulation are evaluated together, whereby greater interference immunity can be achieved.
- a plurality of transmission parameters can be determined very easily at the same time for measurement purposes. These parameters can be recorded and determined in automatic measuring devices.
- the process according to the invention turns the through
- Load modulation generated input data signal allows a determination of the modulation properties.
- a complex data signal is first generated from the input data signal.
- this can be achieved by quadrature mixing and by assigning the So-called LN phase signals of a quadrature mixer used for the real part and the quadrature signal for the imaginary part of a complex envelope are made for the complex data signal, which is now in the form of the complex envelope, is then in the complex level, ie in the representation of this signal as complex Locus curve, a decision is determined by approximating the complex envelope to a straight line, rotating it by 90 ° in the representation of the complex locus and laying it through the mean value of the complex envelope.
- the decision envelope makes the complex envelope m two areas for the two load states "loaded” and "unloaded” divided, which are to be distinguished in the demodulation of the input data signal generated by load modulation.
- the two mean values of the complex envelopes can be determined for these two load states and an evaluation d he modulation properties and the input data signal can be carried out instead of the complex envelope, a complex baseband signal can also be evaluated.
- the evaluation can also be carried out by digital or analogue Fourier transformation.
- sampling can be carried out in the time domain, and preferably by means of two sample and hold circuits, the sampling times of which are offset by at least almost a quarter of the period of the carrier oscillation of the input data signal
- the amphtudy stroke can be determined from the signal values separately averaged for the loaded and the unloaded state by evaluating the amplitude modulation, which results from the difference between the amounts of the two mean values for the two states. This value, divided by the sum of the amounts of the two mean values mentioned determines the modulation index
- the phase modulation can be evaluated by determining the phase angles of the input data signal for the two states on average.
- the amount of the difference between the two complex mean values for the loaded and for the unloaded state can be evaluated as a complex modulation stroke.
- the invention can preferably be used in a device for evaluating an input data signal which is generated by a data carrier by load modulation.
- these are measuring devices; on the other hand, it can also be used in a wide variety of data communication applications. In practice, high transmission security can be achieved in a wide variety of applications.
- FIGS. 3 to 10 of the drawing An embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 3 to 10 of the drawing and is described in more detail below. Show it
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention
- Fig. 4 shows an example of a typical time course of the
- FIG. 5 shows a representation of a complex envelope according to real part and imaginary part generated from the input data signal according to FIG. 4,
- FIG. 6 shows a representation of the complex envelope according to FIG. 5 as a complex locus
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram to illustrate the signal processing steps for evaluating the input data signal or the complex envelope
- FIG. 8 shows a somewhat more detailed illustration of a part of the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3
- FIG. 9 shows a somewhat more detailed illustration of a further part of the
- FIG. 10 shows a further diagram for signal evaluation according to the invention, represented as a complex locus.
- the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 has an input 11, to which, for example, the differential voltage UD according to FIG. 2 is supplied as an input data signal.
- This differential voltage UD has, for example, a time profile, as shown in FIG. 4.
- t is the time.
- tb there is the "loaded” state, ie the switch 4 in FIG. 1 is conductive.
- tu there is the unloaded state in which the switch 4 in FIG. 1 is non-conductive.
- the amplitude of the input data signal is thus in the loaded state (Differential voltage UD) less than in the unloaded state
- the circuit arrangement according to Fig. 3 also contains a quadrature mixer
- the complex envelope formed in this way can be represented as a temporal course of the real part and the imaginary part. This is shown in FIG. 5, in which FIG. 5a shows the real part R and FIG. 5b the imaginary part I of the complex envelope over time t.
- FIG. 6 Another representation of the complex envelope is shown as a complex locus according to FIG. 6.
- the real part R and the imaginary part I span the representation level in which the individual signal values of the complex envelopes are entered according to the real part R and imaginary part I.
- FIG. 6 shows a series of signal values for the complex envelope, such as result from a signal curve according to FIGS. 4 and 5. This
- the illustration has two accumulations of signal values, which are marked by circles in FIG. 6 and are designated by the reference symbols U for the unloaded state and B for the loaded state.
- the complex envelope is divided into two areas in the representation as a complex locus curve according to FIG. 6, whereby one area is assigned to the unloaded state of the data carrier, the other to the state of the loaded data carrier.
- a decision line also called decision threshold
- the mean value of the complex envelope can first be determined by separately calculating the mean values both for the real part R and for the imaginary part I.
- the resulting mean M of complex envelope which also represents a complex value, is shown in FIG. 6 as an arrow.
- the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 contains a mean value detector 14 for the described mean value determination.
- the complex envelope from the complex output 13 of the quadrature mixer 12 is fed to the mean value detector 14.
- An average value RM is formed from the real part R in the mean value detector 14.
- a mean value LM is independently formed in the mean value detector 14.
- the mean values RM and LM together form the complex mean value M of the complex envelope, which is provided at an output 15 of the mean detector 14.
- the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 also contains a subtraction circuit 16, which separates the complex envelope, according to real part R and imaginary part I, at a first input 17, and via a second input 18 the mean value M of the complex envelope, separated according to real part RM and imaginary part EM , are fed. At the output 19 of the subtraction circuit 16 there is then an averaged complex signal, i.e. the mean-free complex envelope. This is plotted in FIG. 7 as a locus curve, here in the representation of the imaginary part I-IM over the real part R-RM of the complex envelope without mean value.
- the decision threshold E is represented as a straight line which leads between the signal values of the complex envelopes for the loaded state and the unloaded state by the mean value M of the complex envelopes or by the zero point in the representation of the mean-free complex envelopes is.
- the slope of the decision threshold can be determined by approximating the complex envelope on a straight line and by rotating this straight line by 90 ° in the position curve display.
- the approximating straight line is identified by G in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the slope of the approximating straight line G and thus the decision threshold E is preferably determined by calculating the smallest square of errors.
- FIG. 7 shows an explanation
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a circuit arrangement that carries out this signal operation. 8 shows an example of what is also referred to as a phase detector
- Circuit position which is designated in Fig. 3 with the reference numeral 20.
- This phase detector 20 is connected to the output 19 of the subtraction circuit 16 for supplying the complex envelopes free of mean values.
- a slope signal is emitted at an output 21 of the phase detector 20.
- the output 19 of the Subtraction circuit 16 ago the imaginary part I-LM of the mean-free, complex envelope supplied to a first input 22 of a first multiplication circuit 23.
- the real part R-RM of the mean-value-free complex envelope is fed to the first multiplication circuit 23 at a second input 24.
- the signal corresponding to the product of this real part and the imaginary part is sent to a first stage 25 to form a
- Decision circuit 29, also called decision maker, which is shown in somewhat more detail in FIG. 9.
- the decision-maker 29 comprises a second subtraction circuit 30, in which, comparable to the (first) subtraction circuit 16, the mean-value-free, complex envelope according to the real part and imaginary part is first formed by subtracting the mean value M from the complex envelope. Your imaginary part I-LM is fed directly to a first input 31 of a third subtraction circuit 32.
- the real part R-RM of the mean-free complex envelope is multiplied in a third multiplication circuit 33 by the slope signal from the output 21 of the phase detector 20.
- This product represents the decision threshold signal, whose representation in the complex locus is line E.
- the decision threshold signal is fed to a second input 34 of the third subtraction circuit 32 and subtracted in this third subtraction circuit 32 from the imaginary part I-IM of the mean-free complex envelope.
- the result is fed to a comparison circuit 35 and checked therein whether its value is greater or less than zero.
- the decision maker thus checks whether the imaginary part of the mean-free complex envelope, also referred to as the mean-free imaginary part signal, in the representation of the complex locus above or below the decision threshold E. lies, ie above or below that value on the decision threshold E, which is due to the associated value of the real part R-RM of the mean-free complex envelope, also referred to as mean-free real part signal.
- a switch 36 is controlled by the comparison circuit 35.
- the changeover switch 36 connects the complex output 13 of the quadrature mixer 12 to a first decision output 37 when the "loaded" state is present; in the unloaded state, the changeover switch 36 connects the complex output 13 to a second decision output 38.
- the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 3 each includes a further mean value detector 39 for the loaded state or 40 for the unloaded state.
- the corresponding mean values are made available via outputs 41 and 42, respectively.
- the mean value calculation in the mean value detectors 39, 40 can be carried out in different ways. In particular, a linear, square or geometric mean value can be determined, for example.
- FIG. 10 shows the representation of the mean values MU or MB in a manner comparable to FIG. 6, namely without subtracting the mean value M of the complex envelope.
- the mean values resulting in this case are designated as MUP for the unloaded state and as MBP for the loaded state and are shown as pointers in FIG. 10.
- This representation or a corresponding signal processing is particularly recommended for evaluating the phase modulation.
- the circuit arrangement according to FIGS. 3, 8 and 9 can be carried out with circuit modules of both the analog and the digital signal processing technology.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000556329A JP2002519767A (ja) | 1998-06-20 | 1999-06-17 | 入力データ信号を評価する方法および当該方法を実施する回路配置 |
EP99923811A EP1031107A1 (de) | 1998-06-20 | 1999-06-17 | Verfahren zum auswerten eines eingangsdatensignals und schaltungsanordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
KR1020007001623A KR20010023015A (ko) | 1998-06-20 | 1999-06-17 | 입력 데이터 신호 평가 방법 및 이 방법을 수행하는 회로 배열 |
US09/485,575 US6430519B1 (en) | 1998-06-20 | 1999-06-17 | Method for evaluating an input data signal and circuit system for carrying out said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19827625.7 | 1998-06-20 | ||
DE19827625 | 1998-06-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999067736A1 true WO1999067736A1 (de) | 1999-12-29 |
Family
ID=7871571
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB1999/001128 WO1999067736A1 (de) | 1998-06-20 | 1999-06-17 | Verfahren zum auswerten eines eingangsdatensignals und schaltungsanordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6430519B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1031107A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2002519767A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20010023015A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999067736A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002009021A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Microcid Sa | Lecteur a haute sensibilite pour transpondeurs passifs |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9106268B2 (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2015-08-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for improving acquisition for NFC load modulation |
CN113933736B (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2024-04-02 | 上海理工大学 | 基于云端放电数据的电池组一致性评价方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3146280A1 (de) * | 1981-11-21 | 1983-06-23 | AEG-Telefunken Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang | Demodulatoren, deren regelinformation von einem leistungsdetektor gewonnen wird |
EP0794501A2 (de) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-10 | Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH | Verfahren zum Übertragen von Informationen sowie Basisstation zum Empfangen von Informationen |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2528643A1 (fr) * | 1982-06-14 | 1983-12-16 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | Procede destine a reduire le temps de convergence d'un annuleur d'echo et dispositif utilise pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede |
DE3422828A1 (de) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | Datenempfaenger fuer aufgezeichnete daten |
US5799114A (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1998-08-25 | Liberty Technologies, Inc. | System and method for stable analysis of sampled transients arbitrarily aligned with their sample points |
-
1999
- 1999-06-17 JP JP2000556329A patent/JP2002519767A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-17 KR KR1020007001623A patent/KR20010023015A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-17 EP EP99923811A patent/EP1031107A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-06-17 WO PCT/IB1999/001128 patent/WO1999067736A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-17 US US09/485,575 patent/US6430519B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3146280A1 (de) * | 1981-11-21 | 1983-06-23 | AEG-Telefunken Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang | Demodulatoren, deren regelinformation von einem leistungsdetektor gewonnen wird |
EP0794501A2 (de) * | 1996-03-05 | 1997-09-10 | Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH | Verfahren zum Übertragen von Informationen sowie Basisstation zum Empfangen von Informationen |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002009021A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Microcid Sa | Lecteur a haute sensibilite pour transpondeurs passifs |
US7014111B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2006-03-21 | Mbbs Holding S.A. | High sensitivity reader for passive transponders |
US7240838B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2007-07-10 | Mbbs Holding S.A. | Transponder and reader system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1031107A1 (de) | 2000-08-30 |
US6430519B1 (en) | 2002-08-06 |
KR20010023015A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
JP2002519767A (ja) | 2002-07-02 |
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