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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
  • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D277/38—Nitrogen atoms
  • C07D277/44—Acylated amino or imino radicals
  • C07D277/46—Acylated amino or imino radicals by carboxylic acids, or sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• R 1 R 2 COR 3 , CONH 2 , CONR 2 R 3 , COOR 2 , or S0 2 R 2 ,
• R 2 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycioalkyl, cycloaikylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl,
• R 3 H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycioalkyl, cycloaikylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl,
• Y optionally substituted alkene, alkyne, or any 2 adjacent carbon atoms of a cycloalkyl or cycloheteroalkyl ring of 3-7 atoms;
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycioalkyl, cycloaikylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, halo, or
• R 10 , R 11 independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycioalkyl, cycloaikylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, carboxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, amino, NR 15 R 16 , carbamoyl, ureido, thio, or alkylthio;
• R 12 , R 13 , R 1 , R 15 , R 16 independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycioalkyl, cycloaikylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl.
• the compounds of formula I are protein kinase inhibitors and are useful in the treatment of proliferative diseases, for example, cancer, inflammation and arthritis. They may also be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and cardiovascular disease.
• the present invention provides for compounds of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions employing such compounds, and for methods of using such compounds.
• Carboxylate anion refers to a negatively charged group -COO-
• alkyl or “alk” refers to a monovending alkane (hydrocarbon) derived radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms unless otherwise defined.
• An alkyl group is an optionally substituted straight, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group. When substituted, alkyl groups may be substituted with up to four substituent groups, R as defined, at any available point of attachment. When the alkyl group is said to be substituted with an alkyl group, this is used interchangeably with "branched alkyl group”.
• Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-tr ⁇ methyipentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and the like.
• substituents may include but are not limited to one or more of the following groups: halo (such as F, Cl, Br, I), haloalkyl (such as CCI3 or CF3), alkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, carboxy (-COOH), alkyloxycarbonyl (-COOR), alkylcarbonyloxy (-OCOR), ammo (-NH2), carbamoyl (-NHCOOR- or -OCONHR-), urea (-NHCONHR-), amidinyl (-CNHNHR or - CNRNH 2 ), or thiol (-SH).
• Alkyl groups as defined may also comprise one or more carbon to carbon double bonds or one or more carbon to carbon triple bonds.
• alkenyl refers to a hydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon double bond
• alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon triple bond.
• Cycloalkyl is a specie of alkyl containing from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, without alternating or resonating double bonds between carbon atoms. It may contain from 1 to 4 rings. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following groups halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl hydroxy, ammo, nitro, cyano, thiol and/or alkylthio
• alkoxy or "alkylthio”, as used herein, denote an alkyl group as described above bonded through an oxygen linkage (-0-) or a sulfur linkage (-S-), respectively
• Sulfoxide and sulfone denote groups bonded by -SO- or -S0 2 - nkages, respectively
• alkoxycarbonyl denotes an alkoxy group bonded through a carbonyl group
• An alkoxycarbonyl radical is represented by the formula -C(O)OR, where the R group is a straight or branched C, ⁇ alkyl group
• alkylcarbonyl refers to an alkyl group bonded through a carbonyl group
• alkylcarbonyloxy denotes an alkylcarbonyl group which is bonded through an oxygen linkage
• 'arylalkyl denotes an aromatic ring bonded to an alkyl group as described above
• aryl refers to monocyclic or bicyc c aromatic rings, e g phenyi, substituted phenyl and the like, as well as groups which are fused, e g , napthyl, phenanthrenyl and the like
• An aryl group thus contains at least one ring having at least 6 atoms, with up to five such rings being present, containing up to 22 atoms therein, with alternating (resonating) double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms or suitable heteroatoms
• heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 or 6 ring atoms, or a bicychc aromatic group having 8 to 10 atoms, containing at least one heteroatom, O, S, or N, in which a carbon or nitrogen atom is the point of attachment, and in which one or two additional carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a heteroatom selected from O or S, and in which from 1 to 3 additional carbon atoms are optionally replaced by nitrogen heteroatoms said heteroaryl group being optionally substituted as described herein
• Exemplary heteroaryl groups include the following: thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, py ⁇ dinyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolidmyl, pipendinyl, thiazoiyl, oxazolyl, t ⁇ azolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazmyl, tetrazolyi, pyridaziny
• heteroarylium refers to heteroaryl groups bearing a quaternary nitrogen atom and thus a positive charge
• heterocycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group (nonaromatic) in which one of the carbon atoms in the ring is replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S or N, and in which up to three additional carbon atoms may be replaced by said heteroatoms
• quaternary nitrogen refers to a tetravalent positively charged nitrogen atom including, e g the positively charged nitrogen in a tetraalkylammonium group (e g tetramethylammonium,
• N-methyipy ⁇ dinium the positively charged nitrogen in protonated ammonium species (e g tnmethylhydroammonium,
• N-hydropy ⁇ dinium the positively charged nitrogen in amme N-oxides (e g. N- methyl-morpholine-N-oxide, pyridme -N-oxide), and the positively charged nitrogen in an N-amino-ammonium group (e g N-ammopyridinium)
• heteroatom means O, S or N, selected on an independent basis
• halogen refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine
• protected this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site
• Suitable protecting groups for the compounds of the present invention will be recognized from the present application taking into account the level of skill in the art, and with reference to standard textbooks, such as Greene, T W et al , Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, N Y (1991)
• Suitable examples of salts of the compounds according to the invention with inorganic or organic acids are hydrochlonde, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical uses but which can be employed, for example, for the isolation or purification of free compounds I or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are also included
• racemic forms can be resolved by physical methods, such as, for example, fractional crystallization, separation or crystallization of diastereome ⁇ c derivatives or separation by chiral column chromatography
• individual optical isomers can be obtained from the racemates by conventional methods, such as, for example, salt formation with an optically active acid followed by crystallization
• solvates e g hydrates
• Methods of solvation are generally known in the art Accordingly, the compounds of the instant invention may be in the free or hydrate form, and may be obtained by methods exemplified by the following schemes
• compounds of formula V may be prepared by first reacting formula II with the phosphonate of formula IV or a Wittig reagent in the presence of base, and then treating the resulting product with (R 2 CO) 2 0 or R -L
• Aldehydes of formula III may also be converted into compounds of formula I which have R 7 or R 8 groups containing oxygen (Scheme 3).
• R 7 or R 8 groups containing oxygen Scheme 3
• Scheme 4 outlines a procedure that may be used for the solid phase synthesis of compounds of formula I.
• Coupling with phosphorus stabilized anions such as compounds of formula IV will yield alkenes of formula XIII which may be deprotected by a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, or a base such as sodium hydroxide, to give amines of formula XIV.
• the amines of formula XIV may react with R 1 -L or (R 2 CO) 2 O to give compounds of formula XV, which may be cleaved from the resin with trifluoroacetic acid to give compounds of formula V (which are compounds of formula I where Y is an alkene).
• Compounds of formula IX or X may also be synthesized on solid phase using analogous chemistry to that shown in Scheme 3 by starting with aldehyde XII.
• W alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycioalkyl, cycloaikylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl.
• These diesters may be saponified and decarboxyiated to form acids of formula XX which may be coupled with amines of formula XXI to give amides of formula XXII.
• These amides may be cyclized upon exposure to dehydrating agents such as POCI 3 to
• the ammo group of compound II may be protected with a reagent such as di-t-butyl dicarbonate to give XXXVII, followed by reaction with a phosphonate of formula IV or a Wittig reagent in the presence of base such as an alkoxide or sodium hydride to give a compound of formula XXXVIII
• R 1 R 2 , COR 3 , or CONR 2 R 3 ,
• R 2 alkyl aryl, or heteroaryl
• R 3 H, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl,
• Y optionally substituted alkene, alkyne, or any two adjacent carbon atoms of a cycloalkyl ring;
• R 4 alkyl with two or more carbon atoms, aryl, heteroaryl, or R 9 ,
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 independently H, or alkyl
• R 10 , R 11 independently H, or alkyl
• the compounds according to the invention have pharmacological properties, in particular, the compounds of formula I are inhibitors of protein kinases such as the cyclm dependent kmases (cdks), for example, cdc2 (cdkl ), cdk2, and cdk4
• cdks protein kinases
• novel compounds of formula I are expected to be useful in the therapy of proliferative diseases such as cancer, inflammation, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. These compounds may also be useful in the treatment of topical and systemic fungal infections
• the compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including (but not limited to) the following'
• -carcinoma including that of the bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin,
• lymphoid lineage including acute lymphocyte leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and Burkett's lymphoma;
• -hematopoietic tumors of myeloid lineage including acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias and promyelocytic leukemia;
• inhibitors could act as reversible cytostatic agents which may be useful in the treatment of any disease process which features abnormal cellular proliferation, e g , neuro-fibromatosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomeruloneph ⁇ tis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery, hypertrophic scar formation, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation rejection, angiogenesis, and endotoxic shock Compounds of formula I may also be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as suggested by the recent finding that cdk ⁇ is involved in the phosphory
• Compounds of formula I may also act as inhibitors of other protein kinases, e g , protein kinase C, her2, rafl, MEK1 , MAP kinase, EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, IGF receptor, PI3 kinase, weel kinase, Src, Abl, and thus be effective in the treatment of diseases associated with other protein kinases
• the compounds of this invention may also be useful in combination with known anti-cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or with cytostatic and cytotoxic agents, such as for example, but not limited to, DNA interactive agents, such as cisplatm or doxorubicm; inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase, such as those described in pending U.S Application Serial No.
• topoisomerase II inhibitors such as etoposide
• topoisomerase I inhibitors such as CPT-11 or topotecan
• tubulm stabilizing agents such as paclitaxel, docetaxei or the epothilones
• hormonal agents such as tamoxifen
• thymidilate synthase inhibitors such as 5-fluorourac ⁇ l
• antimetabolites such as methoxtrexate
• antiangiogenic agents such as angiostat .
• kinase inhibitors such as her2 specific antibodies
• such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent within its approved dosage range.
• the cdc2 inhibitor olomucine has been found to act synergistically with known cytotoxic agents in inducing apoptosis (J. Cell Sci., 108, 2897 (1995))
• Compounds of formula I may be used sequentially with known anti-cancer or cytotoxic agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate
• cdc2/cyclin B1 Kinase Assay cdc2/cycl ⁇ n B1 kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of 32p mto histone HI
• the reaction consisted of 50 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cdc2, 75 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cyclin B1 , 1 ⁇ g histone HI (Boehrmger Mannheim), 0.2 ⁇ Ci of 3 P ⁇ -ATP and 25 ⁇ M ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT) The reaction was incubated at 30 °C for 30 minutes and then stopped by the addition of cold t ⁇ chloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15% and incubated on ice for 20 minutes.
• TCA cold t ⁇ chloroacetic acid
• the reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96- well liquid scintillation counter (Marshak, D R , Vanderberg, M T , Bae, Y S., Yu, I J , J of Cellular Biochemistry, 45, 391-400 (1991), incorporated by reference herein)
• cdk2/cyclin E Kinase Assay cdk2/cyclin E Kinase Assay cdk2/cyci ⁇ n E kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of 32p o the retinoblastoma protein
• the reaction consisted of 2 5 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cdk2/cycl ⁇ n E, 500 ng bactenally produced GST-retinoblastoma protein (aa 776-928), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 3 P ⁇ -ATP and 25 ⁇ M ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8 0, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT)
• TCA cold trichioroacetic acid
• the reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on
• cdk 4/cyclin D1 Kinase Activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of 32 P in to the retinoblastoma protein
• the reaction consisted of 165 ng baculovirus expressed as GST-cdk4, 282 ng bactenally expressed as S-tag cyclin D1 , 500 ng bactenally produced GST-retinoblastoma protein (aa 776-928), 0 2 ⁇ Ci 32 P ⁇ -ATP and 25 ⁇ M ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8 0, 10 mM MgCI 2 , 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT)
• TCA cold trichioroacetic acid
• the reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a
• diazomethane is potentially explosive. Care should be taken to use plastic containers, or glassware free of scratches.
• Solid KOH 60 g was dissolved in water to make 150 mL of a 40% KOH solution. This solution was cooled at 0 °C and ether (500 mL) was added. To this cooled mixture was added 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (50 g, 0.34 mol) in portions over 45 minutes. After addition was complete, the ether layer was decanted and to give a solution of diazomethane which was used directly.
• reaction was filtered, and the mixture was resubmitted to hydrogenation using the same conditions as above. After an additional 24 hours, the reaction was filtered through a plug of celite, concentrated, and purified by chromatography (SiO 2 , 5% MeOH/CHCI 3 ) to give ⁇ /-[5-(2-(5-f-butyl-oxazol-2-yl)-ethyl)-thiazol-2- yl]-acetamide as a white solid (3.5 mg, 5%, C 14 H 19 N 3 0 2 S, MS m/e 294 (M+H) + ).
• the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, warmed to 0 deg C, stirred at 0 deg C for 30 min, and then at room temperature for 45 min.
• the mixture was passed through a short column of silica gel (deactivated with 2% triethylamine in hexane), and eluted with 10% EtOAc in dichloromethane to obtain crude product of 1-tributylstannyl-2-(5-f-butyl-oxazol-2-yl)acetylene as a brown oil (9.10 g).
• the catalyst was filtered off, the filtrate concentrated and purified by column silica gel chromatography (EtOAc/hexane 1 :2 to 2:1) to give N-[5-(2-(5-t-butyl-oxazol-2- yl)-ethynyl)-thiazol-2-yl]-acetamide as a light brown solid (2.60 g, 46%).

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