WO1999060823A1 - Element chauffant electrique et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Element chauffant electrique et son procede de fabrication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999060823A1
WO1999060823A1 PCT/DE1999/001457 DE9901457W WO9960823A1 WO 1999060823 A1 WO1999060823 A1 WO 1999060823A1 DE 9901457 W DE9901457 W DE 9901457W WO 9960823 A1 WO9960823 A1 WO 9960823A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
heating element
fleece
carrier
plastic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/001457
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roland STÖCKL
Original Assignee
Stoeckl Roland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE29808842U external-priority patent/DE29808842U1/de
Priority claimed from DE1998148860 external-priority patent/DE19848860A1/de
Application filed by Stoeckl Roland filed Critical Stoeckl Roland
Priority to AU51473/99A priority Critical patent/AU5147399A/en
Publication of WO1999060823A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999060823A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/02—Rear-view mirror arrangements
    • B60R1/06—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior
    • B60R1/0602—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior comprising means for cleaning or deicing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical heating element according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a method for producing the heating element and a use.
  • a heating layer applied on the glass pane behind a mirror layer is made of a film that carries metallic conductor tracks printed as electrical resistance heating elements.
  • the heating effect will at least partially fail.
  • the carrier receiving the heating layer is then only heated in sections.
  • the resistance of the metallic conductors used increases with temperature. So a comparatively high power output for heating must be applied at high temperature. This is particularly disadvantageous in continuous heating mode.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • a simple and inexpensive heating element is to be provided, which is of robust construction and has the lowest possible power consumption in continuous heating operation.
  • a permanent and as simple as possible to make contact should be made possible.
  • the electrically conductive non-metallic fibers are designed as a fleece.
  • a fleece is understood to be a layer-like structure which is formed from randomly arranged fibers.
  • the fibers in the fleece are undirected.
  • the production of special conductor tracks is not necessary.
  • a failure of the heating effect due to the breakage of a conductor track is not to be feared.
  • a homogeneous warming effect is achieved over the entire surface of the fleece. Local overheating is not observed.
  • Such a heating layer can be produced simply and inexpensively.
  • the non-metallic fibers are carbon fibers.
  • Carbon advantageously has a negative characteristic. That the electrical resistance decreases with increasing temperature.
  • the electrical power consumption of a fleece made from carbon fibers is comparatively low in continuous heating mode.
  • the carbon fibers can expediently be produced from a polyacrylonitrile precursor.
  • Such fibers have a diameter of about 2 to 8, preferably 6 (m). They are distinguished by high strength, high modulus of elasticity and low density.
  • the fleece is expediently impregnated in sections with a metallic conductor, preferably copper. Reliable contacting of the fleece can thus be provided in a simple manner.
  • the impregnation can be done by galvanization. But it is also an impregnation by introducing molten metallic material into the fleece conceivable.
  • Metallization can also be carried out by gluing with metallic strips, by spraying on conductive lacquers or metal coats.
  • a galvanotechnical or electrolytic metallization of the fleece is particularly advantageous because the mobility of the metallized sections and thus of the entire electrical heating element is retained.
  • Thermal spraying represents a further type of metallization of the nonwoven. This method is described in particular in DIN 32530. It is based on a combination of thermal and kinetic energy, the metal or alloy to be applied to the nonwoven being melted or melted on by means of thermal energy and subsequently applied to the nonwoven to be metallized by means of kinetic energy.
  • the fuel-oxygen flame, the electric arc, the plasma beam and the laser beam are possible energy sources for this metallization process.
  • the kinetic energy is generated by a compressed gas, e.g. Air, nitrogen or argon supplied.
  • the spray materials used include Zinc, tin, copper, silver and gold and alloys of metals in Frag.
  • Metallization by thermal spraying is characterized in particular by a high degree of flexibility in the process control and the achievable product properties. This is based on the good meterability of the energy input through a suitable choice of the energy carrier in combination with the type and particle size of the spraying material and / or the dosage of the kinetic energy, the density of the contact layer to be applied via the kinetic energy coupled to the particle speed and particle mass Adhesive strength of the spray layer itself and the adhesive tensile strength on the fleece is controllable.
  • metallization by thermal spraying are the variation in the applied metal or alloy layer, which can be made thin or thick, depending on the requirements.
  • Metallization according to one of the methods of thermal spraying can also be carried out particularly easily at any point on the nonwoven. Since only the metal or alloy to be applied is used in the metallization with a thermal spraying process, no chemical residues remain in the fleece.
  • the plastic layer can be made of a resin, in particular an epoxy resin.
  • a resin is particularly easy to process. It ensures reliable protection of the fleece against environmental influences.
  • plastic layer of 'a Polyesteharz May further include the plastic layer of 'a Polyesteharz or be made of a silicone resin.
  • the production of the plastic layer from a silicone resin offers the advantage that the electrical heating element according to the invention is flexible.
  • the heating layer is a prefabricated assembly part. This enables mass production to be carried out better.
  • any element to be heated can be considered as a carrier. It is considered to be particularly advantageous that the carrier has an exterior rear-view mirror for a motor vehicle with a mirror mounted on a rear side of a glass pane. layer is.
  • the support can be a stone slab, preferably a marble slab.
  • other carriers such as, for example, aircraft wings, rotor blades of helicopters and the like.
  • the heating layer on one side to a rear side of the carrier by means of a first rubber-elastic compound. Different coefficients of expansion of the carrier and of the heating layer can be compensated for by using the first rubber-elastic mass.
  • a thermal insulation layer in particular a mica layer, is provided on the other side of the heating layer and is fastened by means of a second elastic mass. This causes a targeted heat flow to the wearer.
  • the carrier is heated particularly well in this way.
  • a line connected to the metallic conductor can be led through an opening provided in the thermal insulation layer. This enables a particularly compact construction of the electrical heating element.
  • the electrical heating layer can have a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter to several centimeters, since the plastic layer can be formed with and without pressing.
  • the electrical heating element can be used with epoxy or polyester Resin for the production of the plastic layer be more or less rigid and rigid and designed according to a desired three-dimensional shape, while it remains flexible and deformable when using silicone resin for the production of the plastic layer.
  • the electrical heating element with a plastic layer formed from epoxy or polyester resin is therefore preferably used as mirror heating in motor vehicles or bathrooms, as heating for aquariums or terrariums, generally as floor or wall heating, for heating pressure drums, wings of airplanes and rotor blades, as a heater for molds, as a lawn heater and as a bathtub heater.
  • the electric heating element with a plastic layer formed from silicone resin is preferably used as a heater for car seats, loungers, beds and in particular water beds, for heated blankets and warm blankets, and generally for clothing, in particular jackets and shoes, and protective clothing, for example for motorcyclists, such as loincloth and kidney belt.
  • headgear such as protective helmets and caps or hats, and gloves can also be equipped with an electrical heating element according to the invention, since the electrical heating element can be tailored at every stage of its production process in accordance with the later application.
  • this or the heating layer is connected to the material to be heated, in particular leather, fabric, plastic, stone or the like. , is present.
  • the electrical heating element can lie loosely on this material, be glued or sewn to the material. It is also possible to place the pre-contacted or metallized fleece on the material to be heated and then remove the plastic layer. form so that a composite is formed. This can be done, for example, in a form and, if necessary, using pressure.
  • a method for producing an electrical heating element is also provided with the following steps:
  • the method according to the invention enables the production of an electrical heating element in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the electrical heating element is particularly robust. Due to the special design of the heating layer, there is no need to fear an at least partial failure of the heating effect over the heating surface.
  • the fleece can be lit. b are impregnated in sections with a metallic conductor, preferably copper, or by thermal spraying.
  • the impregnation is advantageously carried out galvanically by dipping the fleece in sections into an acidic electrolyte bath containing, preferably copper ions.
  • a copper alloy or another suitable metal alloy can also be used.
  • the production of such an impregnation layer is simple and inexpensive. After impregnation, it is advisable to embed the fleece in a plastic layer. In this way, simple and inexpensive protection against the effects of environmental influences is achieved.
  • the use of a fleece made of electrically conductive, non-metallic fibers is provided for producing the heating layer of an electrical heating element.
  • a fleece is expediently used in which the non-metallic fibers are carbon fibers, the fleece being impregnated in sections with an electrically conductive, preferably copper-containing, metallic conductor.
  • the fleece is advantageously embedded in a layer made of plastic.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an exterior rearview mirror
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric heater
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the section line AA 1 in FIG. 2.
  • an exterior rearview mirror for motor vehicles has a mirror pane 1, on the rear side of which a mirror layer 2 is provided.
  • a heating layer 3 is provided for heating the exterior rearview mirror.
  • the heating layer 3 contains a non-woven layer made of electrically conductive, non-metallic fibers.
  • the fibers are carbon fibers 4, which are made from a polyacrylonitrile precursor. Such a fiber material is commercially available, for example, under the
  • connections to a power supply are made by a self-adhesive copper foil (not shown here) which is glued to the heating layer 3 at a suitable point. Since the fiber ends of the carbon fibers 4 penetrate the adhesive layer of the copper foil, a reliable electrical connection can be established.
  • the plastic layer 5 can also be designed such that it is present on the side of the heating layer 4 facing away from the mirror layer 2, so that the carbon fibers 4 are protected against external influences.
  • the material of the fleece layer can be adapted to the respective application in terms of thickness, fiber thickness and the area used. In particular, the following materials known under the trade name Tenax (can be used:
  • the fleece layer is deformable before being embedded in the plastic layer, it can be adapted to the curvature of the exterior rear-view mirror. Holes can also be provided for the connections of the adjusting elements of the exterior rearview mirror.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric heater.
  • a stone slab 6 is covered on one side with a first silicone rubber 7.
  • the heating layer 3 is located above it. It is formed from carbon fibers 4 which are embedded in a layer made of plastic 5.
  • the electrically conductive fibers 4 are impregnated with a metallic conductor i.
  • the metallic contact zones produced in this way are indicated by hatching.
  • the contact zones are electrically connected to lines 9, which are connected to an overheating protection 10.
  • the overheating protection 10 is connected to a power supply (not shown here).
  • the overheating protection 10 is mounted here on a mica plate 11.
  • the mica plate 11 is glued onto a first silicone rubber layer 7 embedding the heating layer 3 by means of a second silicone rubber layer 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along the section line A-A 'in FIG. 2, from this the arrangement of the contact zones impregnated in sections with a metallic conductor 8 can again be seen.
  • the heating layer 3 can of course also be present as a separate mounting element. In this case, it is advantageous that both the carbon fibers 4 of the fleece and the contact zones impregnated with the metallic conductor 8 are covered with the plastic 5.
  • a nonwoven fabric made of carbon fibers 4 is inserted into a tensioning device with a picture frame and contacted in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the fleece is then immersed together with the tensioning device in an acidic electrolyte bath containing copper ions.
  • the fleece then remains in the electrolyte without power for about 5 minutes. The electrolyte completely soaks the fleece.
  • the stop copper is struck for 5 minutes at a current density of 1 A / qdm.
  • the current density can then be increased to 2 to 4 A / qdm and thus a cover layer can be electroplated. This process takes about 10 to 20 minutes.
  • the fleece is rinsed in the usual way, removed from the tensioning device and dried at 60 to 70 ° in a forced-air drying oven for 20 minutes.
  • the contact zones are soldered to the contact zones impregnated with metallic copper.
  • the contacted fleece is then embedded in liquid plastic. With the exception of the contact zones, the fleece is penetrated by the plastic.
  • the contact zones can also be surrounded with plastic for electrical insulation.
  • the plastic layer can also be formed from a plastic material other than the epoxy resin provided here. However, this material should be able to embed the fibers and protect them from external influences.
  • the fleece according to the invention can consist of undirected fibers or oriented layers.
  • filament yarn short fibers and fiber paper.
  • woven or other flat fiber materials are also used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément chauffant électrique comportant une couche chauffante (3) faisant office de chauffage ohmique électrique, cette couche chauffante étant formée de fibres (4) non métalliques électroconductrices noyées dans une couche constituée de plastique (5). Dans le but de permettre la réalisation d'un élément chauffant particulièrement robuste, les fibres (4) non métalliques électroconductrices sont en non-tissé.
PCT/DE1999/001457 1998-05-15 1999-05-15 Element chauffant electrique et son procede de fabrication WO1999060823A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU51473/99A AU5147399A (en) 1998-05-15 1999-05-15 Electric heating element and method for producing the same

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29808842U DE29808842U1 (de) 1998-05-15 1998-05-15 Außenrückspiegel
DE29808842.8 1998-05-15
DE19848860.2 1998-10-23
DE1998148860 DE19848860A1 (de) 1998-10-23 1998-10-23 Elektrisches Heizelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999060823A1 true WO1999060823A1 (fr) 1999-11-25

Family

ID=26049704

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1999/001457 WO1999060823A1 (fr) 1998-05-15 1999-05-15 Element chauffant electrique et son procede de fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5147399A (fr)
DE (1) DE29824578U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999060823A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001070057A1 (fr) * 2000-03-23 2001-09-27 Pittards Plc Stratifie en cuir chauffable
US8431869B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2013-04-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Defrosting, defogging and de-icing structures
EP2635807B1 (fr) 2010-11-04 2015-05-13 Wobben Properties GmbH Pale de rotor avec système de chauffage pour une éolienne
CN104827970A (zh) * 2015-05-14 2015-08-12 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车后视镜及其制作方法
US9756685B2 (en) 2014-04-11 2017-09-05 Thermofer GmbH & Co. KG Heating element
DE102017116931A1 (de) 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Reparaturmatte, Reparaturvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Reparaturmatte
WO2021043633A1 (fr) 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif d'outil comprenant un tapis chauffant, procédé de réparation et procédé de fabrication de pièces en matière plastique
WO2021043634A1 (fr) 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Tapis chauffant
EP3930422A4 (fr) * 2019-02-20 2022-11-23 Tomoegawa Co., Ltd. Dispositif de chauffage en forme de feuille

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2681753A1 (fr) * 1991-09-25 1993-03-26 Scb Sarl Element extra plat de chauffage et son procede de fabrication.
DE4221454A1 (de) * 1992-06-30 1994-03-10 Fibertec Gmbh Heizelement aus elektrisch leitfähigen Fasergeweben und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US5408071A (en) * 1992-06-11 1995-04-18 Atd Corporation Electric heater with heat distributing means comprising stacked foil layers
WO1998009478A1 (fr) * 1996-08-29 1998-03-05 Arthur Gurevich Element chauffant et son procede de production

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2681753A1 (fr) * 1991-09-25 1993-03-26 Scb Sarl Element extra plat de chauffage et son procede de fabrication.
US5408071A (en) * 1992-06-11 1995-04-18 Atd Corporation Electric heater with heat distributing means comprising stacked foil layers
DE4221454A1 (de) * 1992-06-30 1994-03-10 Fibertec Gmbh Heizelement aus elektrisch leitfähigen Fasergeweben und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
WO1998009478A1 (fr) * 1996-08-29 1998-03-05 Arthur Gurevich Element chauffant et son procede de production

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001070057A1 (fr) * 2000-03-23 2001-09-27 Pittards Plc Stratifie en cuir chauffable
US8431869B2 (en) 2010-06-02 2013-04-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Defrosting, defogging and de-icing structures
EP2635807B1 (fr) 2010-11-04 2015-05-13 Wobben Properties GmbH Pale de rotor avec système de chauffage pour une éolienne
US9756685B2 (en) 2014-04-11 2017-09-05 Thermofer GmbH & Co. KG Heating element
CN104827970A (zh) * 2015-05-14 2015-08-12 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 一种汽车后视镜及其制作方法
DE102017116931A1 (de) 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Reparaturmatte, Reparaturvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Reparaturmatte
EP3930422A4 (fr) * 2019-02-20 2022-11-23 Tomoegawa Co., Ltd. Dispositif de chauffage en forme de feuille
WO2021043633A1 (fr) 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif d'outil comprenant un tapis chauffant, procédé de réparation et procédé de fabrication de pièces en matière plastique
WO2021043634A1 (fr) 2019-09-06 2021-03-11 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Tapis chauffant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5147399A (en) 1999-12-06
DE29824578U1 (de) 2001-08-30

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