A METHOD FOR CLEANING SURFACES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for cleaning surfaces with an aqueous cleaning solution.
Description of the Related Art The build-up of deposits on a hard non-porous surface can be cleaned with any of a number of aggressive cleaners commercially available to the consumer. These cleaners, which contain combinations of surfactants, chelating agents, oxidizers, abrasives, and soluble salts, require repeated scrubbing or wiping with the cleaner. Generally, the aggressive cleaners are alkaline and/or have solvents which are harsh on the hands of the user. Furthermore, the cleaners are limited to hard non-porous surfaces and cannot also be used to clean surfaces of fiber materials. Sokol, U.S. Patent No. 4,020,016, discloses aqueous cleaning compositions for dissolving soap curds that require a non-ionic surfactant having an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance number) of at least 13.1. Sokol ' s aqueous cleaning composition requires at least some immediate rinsing away of the composition after its application and before it dries, and possibly some wiping, however minimal the amount of effort required by the user.
The aqueous shower rinsing composition and method for keeping a shower clean disclosed by the present inventor in U.S. Patents 5,5336,452 and 5,587,022 is a suitable cleaner that is not harsh on the hands of the user, but it is not an aggressive cleaner for all-purpose cleaning, which includes non-porous surfaces, as well as surfaces of fiber materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, such as noted above .
The present invention provides a method for cleaning surfaces to remove soils and deposits using an improved, easy and safe-to-use, non-streaking aqueous composition, which includes a non-ionic surfactant having a HLB of less than 12.5, 5 a chelating agent, and, optionally, alcohol and/or ammonium hydroxide and/or morpholine. The method according to the present invention not only provides for effective cleaning of hard non-porous surfaces but also provides for effective spot- cleaning or pre-cleaning of porous surfaces and surfaces of _ Q fiber materials.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method according to the present invention involves applying an aqueous cleaning solution to hard non-porous 5 surfaces inside the home, such as countertops, surfaces of appliances, tiled surfaces, floors, sinks, tubs and toilet surfaces, etc., and outside the home, such as lawn furniture, vinyl siding, etc. The aqueous cleaning solution can also be applied to other non-porous surfaces, as well as porous surfaces 0 and surfaces of fiber materials, such as carpets, luggage, etc., for spot-cleaning or pre-cleaning.
Preferably, the aqueous cleaning solution is sprayed onto a surface. However, other suitable means of application well known in the art can be used as well in the method of the 5 present invention.
In some instances, particularly for outdoor surfaces which are exposed to the elements, wiping after application of the aqueous cleaning solution may be helpful, but it is not necessary. The cleaning action of the aqueous cleaning solution 0 itself and the natural cycle of rinsing provided by rain provides effective cleaning and removal of soils and deposits, which includes dirt, grime, airborne particles, mold and mildew, etc.
It is preferred that the surfaces wetted with an ^ application of the aqueous cleaning solution remain undisturbed for at least a short period of time before any further cleaning steps are performed in order to allow the cleaning solution to effectively soften and loosen soils and deposits. Although the cleaning of the surfaces can be done by simultaneously applying
and wiping with a soft material, such as a cloth, paper towel, sponge or the like, which is wetted with the aqueous cleaning solution, this is not the preferred method. Instead, the softened and loosened soils and deposits on a surface wetted 5 with the aqueous cleaning solution is wiped and removed with such a soft material. Examples of cleaning surfaces of fiber materials include pre-cleaning of mold and mildew from surfaces of luggage, shoes, etc. and spot-cleaning of carpets and rugs, where the aqueous cleaning solution is applied to the area to be
-j_0 cleaned and then later wiped to remove the soils and deposits. The aqueous cleaning composition used in the method according to the present invention includes a non- ionic surfactant having an HLB of less than 13 and preferably less than 12.5, a chelating agent, and, optionally, an alcohol and/or
1 a base for adjusting the pH.
In accordance with the invention, a preferred embodiment of the aqueous cleaning solution has the following composition expressed in percent (%) by volume:
20 isopropyl alcohol 4.4%
ANTAROX BL-225 surfactant 1.5%
Hamp-ene diammonium EDTA 44% aqueous 1.5% 25 solution
fragrance 0.002%
water 30 balance
pH about 3.8
The non-ionic surfactant used in the present invention 5 advantageously removes both cationic and anionic surfactant residues and deposits and is preferably a liquid at ambient temperatures. This non-ionic surfactant also has an HLB of less than 13.0, more preferably 12.5 or less, and most preferably about 12 or less. In general, the aqueous cleaning composition
contains a non- ionic surfactant in the range of about 0.5 to 3% by volume, more preferably 1 to 2% by volume, most preferably about 1.5% by volume. It has been found that non-ionic surfactant concentrations of less than 0.5% by volume did not result in satisfactory removal of soils, and that concentrations above 3% left too much residue on the surfaces.
ANTAROX BL-225 (Rhone-Poulenc, Cranbury, New Jersey) , a mixed ethylene glycol ether (modified linear aliphatic polyether consisting of modified alkyl or alkylaryl ethoxylates having the general formula R (OCH2 CH2 ) x R' , where R is an alkyl or alkylaryl group, R1 is a modifying cap and X represents moles of ethylene oxide) with an HLB of 12 and a cloud point of 27°C, is the preferred non-ionic surfactant. Non-ionic surfactants, such as alkylphenol glycol ethers, sorbitan oleic ester, silicone polyalkoxylate block copolymers, mixtures thereof, and mixtures in combination with ANTAROX BL-225, having an HLB of less than 13, are non-limiting examples of other suitable non-ionic surfactants .
Non-ionic surfactants are also characterized by the cloud point. Excess surfactant, exceeding the solubility limit in water, forms a dispersion and exists in micelles below the cloud point . When the temperature is increased about the cloud point, the excess surfactant separates into a second phase. It will be appreciated that the HLB can be calculated or readily estimated from the cloud point. The determination of both HLB and the cloud point of non-ionic surfactants are well within the knowledge and skill of ordinary artisans.
Preferably, the chelating agent is diammonium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (diammonium EDTA) , such as the Hamp-ene diammonium EDTA (manufactured by Hampshire Chemical Corporation, a subsidiary of Dow Chemical Co., Lexington, Massachusetts), which is a 44% aqueous solution of the diammonium salt of EDTA. This commercially available 44% solution is easy to mix, economical in cost, and has low toxicity. Other chelating agents, such as but not limited to, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) , ethylene diamine triacetic acid, hydroxyethyl ethylene diaminetriacetic acid (HEEDTA) , diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) , and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) , and
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salts thereof, can be substituted for diammonium EDTA on an equivalent chelating strength basis.
A 44% aqueous solution of diammonium EDTA is preferably mixed in the aqueous cleaning composition in an amount of about 0.2 to 2.0% by volume. On an equivalent chelating strength basis, the other chelating agents mentioned above, as well as a solution of diammonium EDTA of different concentration, can be mixed in the aqueous cleaning composition in an amount of about 0.1 to 3% by volume. There is too much residual left on the surfaces when the amount of chelating agent in the aqueous cleaning composition is above about 3% by volume, whereas below 0.1% by volume of chelating agent, there is little or no removal of some salts and deposits.
Ammonium hydroxide or morpholine are non-limiting examples of bases that can be used to increase the pH of the aqueous cleaning solution depending on the acidity of the chelating agent . The pH of the aqueous cleaning solution is preferably in the range of about pH 3 to 4, more preferably in the range of about pH 3 to 3.9 and most preferably about pH 3-8-
An alcohol, which increases the solvent properties and improves the sheeting action by keeping the surface tension low in order to minimize any residual film on the surface, particularly hard surfaces, can optionally be added to the aqueous cleaning solution in the range of about 1 to 8% by volume. When the amount of alcohol in the aqueous cleaning solution is above 8%, the alcohol has a stronger, more detectable odor, as well as posing a solubility problem with regard to the chelating agent. Any short-chain alcohol, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, and isobutyl alcohol, can be used, although isopropyl alcohol is preferred. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, the isopropyl ether of ethylene glycol, or the ethyl ether of ethylene glycol can be used as possible substitutes for a short-chain alcohol. Methyl alcohol, however, is not recommended due to its toxicity and also its high volatility.
The aqueous cleaning solution preferably contains fragrance to provide a fresh and clean smell . Although the addition of fragrance is optional, a fresh and clean fragrance
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appeals to consumers. However, a composition which lacks a fragrance additive still performs satisfactorily in cleaning surfaces .
Pine odor #82555 and Fresh and Clean odor #82556 (AFF, Marietta, Georgia) are commercially available, and both are examples of acceptable fragrances. However, any of a number of commercially available fragrances or odor additives may be used to provide a fresh and clean smell and is well within the skill of those in the art. Generally, 0.0005% to 0.008% of fragrance additive is mixed with the aqueous cleaning solution composition based on the initial concentration of the fragrance additive supplied by the manufacturer.
The water used in this aqueous cleaning solution composition of the present invention should have negligible amounts of metal ions and be capable of not leaving any residue or deposit on evaporation from a surface. Distilled water or deionized water is preferred as the source of water for dilution of the individual components, as well as for the water added as the balance of the composition for an aqueous cleaning solution.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without undue experimentation and without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. The means, materials, and steps for carrying out various disclosed functions may take a variety of alternative forms without departing from the invention.
Thus the expressions "means to..." and "means for...", or any method step language, as may be found in the specification above and/or in the claims below, followed by a functional statement, are intended to define and cover whatever structural, physical, chemical or electrical element or structure, or whatever method step, which may now or in the
future exist which carries out the recited function, whether or not precisely equivalent to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed in the specification above, i.e., other means or steps for carrying out the same function can be used; and it is intended that such expressions be given their broadest interpretation .
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