WO1999052332A1 - Plasmabrenner mit einem mikrowellensender - Google Patents
Plasmabrenner mit einem mikrowellensender Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999052332A1 WO1999052332A1 PCT/EP1999/002413 EP9902413W WO9952332A1 WO 1999052332 A1 WO1999052332 A1 WO 1999052332A1 EP 9902413 W EP9902413 W EP 9902413W WO 9952332 A1 WO9952332 A1 WO 9952332A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma torch
- waveguide
- torch according
- electrode
- nozzle
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plasma torch with a microwave transmitter according to the preamble of the claims, which is intended, for example, for coating surfaces and for generating radicals.
- Cyclotron frequency to that of the microwave generator.
- An electrodeless microwave gas discharge is used.
- the device must be cooled when it is in operation.
- These plasma generators have a complex structure and are limited in their dimensions.
- the technical effort for microwave discharge systems is high. No large powers can be transmitted and it cannot be seen that high density plasmas are stable in the case of large powers.
- Microwave transmitter unit is attached to one end of a rectangular waveguide.
- the microwaves generated run through the waveguide and meet at its other end a quartz glass insert through which a special gas flows.
- the flow comes about through a negative pressure maintained in the recipient.
- a microwave is created by the microwave energy, which flows through the quartz glass insert into the recipient.
- the process is characterized in that it has no electrodes.
- the quartz glass insert is not suitable for large-scale continuous operation. Because of the undesirably high temperatures, melting phenomena occur on it, or complex cooling devices have to be provided in addition.
- the glass can be destroyed during assembly or disassembly and due to the thermal expansion of the metal components.
- this arrangement is not suitable for matching the impedance and for achieving a low-reflection hollow waveguide.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a plasma torch which generates a plasma in the region close to normal pressure with high densities.
- High performance should be able to be transferred.
- the plasma torch should be characterized by stable combustion and efficient use of microwave power. Avoid resulting quartz tubes or quartz domes for generating the plasma.
- a plasma torch which is overall simple in construction is to be created.
- the coaxial conductor is directed transversely in a cross coupling or parallel to the waveguide in an axial coupling, that is to say whether its longitudinal axes preferably form a right angle with one another or whether their longitudinal axes essentially coincide with one another.
- the plasma torch contains a vacuum chamber and a magnetron, which generates a field strength sufficient for plasma formation even within the val um chamber.
- a recipient adjoining the coaxial conductor is under a pressure of 100 Pa to 10 kPa, which is suitable for the formation of the plasma. A high degree of efficiency is achieved regardless of the type of coupling.
- the plasma torch according to the invention manages without cooling and magnetic coils.
- the advantage of using a hollow waveguide instead of an AC waveguide is that the microwave power is coupled into the plasma not only in the vicinity of the nozzle, where the greatest field strengths occur, but via the hollow waves along the entire waveguide axis.
- This design enables a quasi-electrode-less coupling, which reduces the thermal load on the nozzle.
- the hollow electrode is advantageously designed as a truncated cone and fastened to a non-conductive intermediate piece which is connected to the coaxial conductor via a preferably disc-shaped holder.
- the nozzle is connected to a gas connection through the intermediate piece.
- the retaining washer is flanged to the coaxial conductor and the waveguide.
- the hollow electrode is advantageously designed as a truncated cone, the top surface of which faces the recipient. On this side, it has a nozzle, preferably screwed in and replaceable, which is inserted into its cavity and has four outlet openings for the process gas which are at regular intervals on a circle around the center of the outlet plane and in the outlet plane. This leads to an optimal conduction of the microwave to the outlet level (nozzle tip) and a more favorable energy input into the plasma flame.
- a nozzle suitable for high temperatures advantageously consists of a metallic-ceramic alloy.
- An electrically non-conductive insulator thermally insulates the space of the plasma flame from the coupling.
- the electrode is axially and possibly radially adjustable.
- a brass part and a second hissing piece advantageously connect the nozzle and the first intermediate piece to a gas connection.
- the brass part always guarantees the electromagnetic coupling of the waveguide and coaxial conductor.
- the waveguide, preferably a rectangular waveguide, of the cross coupling is provided with two screws.
- the tuning is advantageously carried out by changing its length. For this purpose it consists, for example, of two parts which can be telescopically pushed into one another, even during the process.
- One of the tubes can be provided with longitudinal slots and resilient tabs remaining between them.
- a microwave seal is advantageously provided in an annular gap located between the tubes in the overlap area.
- 1 is a cross coupling of a rectangular waveguide with a coaxial conductor in longitudinal section
- Fig. 2 shows an axial coupling of a circular waveguide with a
- Coaxial conductor in longitudinal section and Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the front view of the nozzle.
- Fig. 1 is coupled to a rectangular waveguide 1 with a longitudinal axis XX, a cylindrical coaxial conductor 2 with a longitudinal axis YY via a coupling piece 3 near one of its ends so that the longitudinal axes XX and YY are directed at right angles to each other.
- the coupling piece 3 is bowl-shaped with a central opening 4 and a peripheral flange 5 and contains a receiving disk 6 for an intermediate piece 7 made of insulating material.
- the disc 6 is rigidly and tightly connected to the coupling piece 3 by means of a ring 8 screwed to the peripheral flange 5.
- the central opening 4 in the coupling piece 3 corresponds to an identical opening 9 in the rectangular waveguide 1, which is also surrounded by a flange 10 to which the coupling piece 3 is screwed.
- the ring 8 is the end part of a waveguide 20, which contains an insulator 11 and at the other end of which there is a recipient 12.
- Aufhahmerance 6, intermediate piece 7 and insulator 11 are made sufficiently solid and together form a gas-tight, thermally insulating, but microwave-permeable transition between the rectangular waveguide 1 and the waveguide 20.
- the intermediate piece 7 must have dielectric properties that a low-reflection waveguide on Ensure transition.
- a conical electrode 13 made of a metal-ceramic alloy is fastened to the intermediate piece 7 on its side facing the recipient 12 and, like the intermediate piece 7, has an axial passage 14 into which a nozzle 22 is fixed at the free end of the electrode 13 or used interchangeably, preferably screwed.
- the longitudinal axis of the electrode 13 coincides with the axis YY.
- the bushing 14 is followed by a brass part provided with an axial bore 15 16 with an insulating, the axial bore 15 continuing connector 17, which leads to a gas connection 18.
- the connector 17 is held by a flat support 19 which is tightly screwed to the rectangular waveguide 1.
- the cylindrical waveguide 20 and the electrode 13 together form a coaxial conductor 2.
- the frustoconical electrode 13 is located in a corresponding recess 21 in the insulator 11 so that the nozzle 22 protrudes beyond the insulator 11 on the recipient side.
- the rectangular waveguide 1 is provided at the other end with a magnetron 23, from which microwaves are generated and transmitted through the conductor 1. Two screws (steps) 24 are used to influence the microwaves on the coupling.
- the microwaves generated by the magnetron 23 pass through the conductor 1 and are matched to the coupling by the screws 24.
- the cross coupling consists of a coupling pin which is essentially identical to the electrode 13 with which it projects into the circular waveguide 20 and forms the coaxial line with it.
- the coupling pin 13 has the task of guiding the process gas and letting a plasma or a plasma flame 25 arise at the opening of the nozzle 22.
- the gas is fed into the coupling pin from the outer gas connection 18 via the bores 15 in the connecting piece 17 made of Teflon and in the brass part 16, and the passage 14 in the intermediate piece 7 likewise made of Teflon.
- the brass part 16 also ensures good coupling of the microwave.
- the electrode 13 is fastened in an insulated manner in the coaxial conductor 2 by the connecting piece 7.
- the geometry of the electrode 13 is optimally matched to the process requirements. It ensures maximum dielectric strength. What is important for the operation is its favorable length, which can be changed by the bushing 14 which can be adjusted by means of a thread in the electrode 13. Their cross-section is selected so that the coaxial conductor 2 ensures optimal conduction of the electromagnetic wave and the highest field strength occurs at the nozzle tip. This is very important because the plasma ignites at the point of greatest field strength.
- the nozzle 22 is made of a special material. She consists of a composite material that has ceramic components and is metallically conductive.
- the ceramic fulfills the task of thermal insulation of the plasma cloud from the electrode 13.
- the plasma can be operated up to a pressure of 35 kPa.
- a significantly larger mass throughput can thus be achieved.
- This is a great advantage in order to be able to generate many more reaction partners in a corresponding process.
- This makes it possible to greatly reduce process times due to the significantly increased mass throughput.
- Another advantage of this burner is that these parameters can also be achieved with air as the process gas. This eliminates all expensive additional gases, such as noble gases (argon).
- an air-cooled magnetron 23 connected to a control unit 26 is attached to a base plate 30 with a fan 27, a temperature monitor 28 and a heating transformer 29.
- the magnetron 23 for generating the microwaves has a power of 2 kW and emits electromagnetic waves with a fixed frequency of 2.45 GHz and a wavelength of 12.24 cm. Its output can be regulated linearly between 10% and 100% of the maximum output by the control unit 26.
- the temperature monitor with the thermal switch is connected to the resonator of the magnetron 23. At a temperature of 120 ° C it switches off the magnetron for safety reasons.
- the base plate 30 is fastened to a round hollow conductor 31 which has an inner tube 32 with a diameter of 100 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm and an outer tube 33 with a diameter of 104 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm.
- the tubes 32, 33 are very well fitted into one another and are telescopically displaceable. They can be fixed to one another with a clamping screw 34.
- the outer tube 33 is provided to produce a certain pressure when moving with longitudinal slots 35, only one of which can be seen, so that resilient tabs are formed on the outer tube 33 between the slots 35, which press slightly against the inner tube and prevent unwanted displacement of both tubes 32 , 33 prevent each other as far as possible even when the clamping is released. At the same time, this improves the electrical contact between the tubes 32, 33, and it - 8th -
- a microwave seal 36 for example in the form of a metal gauze, can be inserted into the annular gap between the two tubes 32, 33.
- the outer tube 33 is provided at its end facing away from the magnetron 23 with a flange 37, via which the axial coupling takes place with an adjoining coaxial conductor 2, which has a common longitudinal axis X-Y with the circular waveguide 31. With this coupling, a longitudinal wave is coupled out into the coaxial conductor 2, and an axial electric field is created.
- the coaxial conductor 2 and also an adjoining recipient 12 have the same diameter or cross-section as the outer tube 33.
- the recipient 12 simultaneously fulfills the task of a waveguide which prevents the waves from spreading laterally and in this way microwave power over a considerable distance couples into the plasma 25 behind the nozzle 22 along the axis XY (likewise the axis YY in FIG. 1).
- the coaxial conductor 2 also has at its end facing the circular waveguide 31 a flange 38 which is adapted to the flange 37, is screwed to it and essentially forms a coupling piece which corresponds to the coupling piece 3 of FIG. 1.
- Both flanges 37, 38 encompass the periphery of a receiving disc 6 made of any material (aluminum, quartz glass) and hold it vacuum-tight and firmly.
- the inner conductor 39 of the coaxial line 2 is suspended in an electrically insulated manner via an intermediate piece 7 made of PTFE.
- Teflon has the advantage that it is easy to work with and guarantees permanent vacuum tightness.
- This vacuum feedthrough also fulfills the task of carrying out the microwave waves in the recipient 12 and the thermal insulation of the waveguide 32 from the hot plasma 25.
- the inner conductor 39 serves to couple the circular waveguide and recipient, the gas supply and the expansion of the gas via an electrode
- the electrode 13 screwed nozzle 22 into the recipient 12. Its position in the coaxial conductor 2 and its length are adjustable to match the microwave.
- the electrode 13 is fastened to the intermediate piece 7 and, like this, has a passage 14 for the gas supply.
- hose 14 can be a compressed air hose 40 made of PE (polyethylene) - 9 -
- Brass part (similar to Fig. 1) can be connected.
- Intermediate piece 7, electrode 13 and nozzle 22 form an antenna, the outer diameter of which is 20 mm. Its longitudinal axis coincides with the XY axis.
- the plasma 25 ignites at the nozzle 22 screwed in at the end of the antenna.
- a detachable connection between the electrode 13 and the nozzle 22 is important in order to be able to replace or replace the nozzle 22. Since the nozzle 22 is exposed to very high thermal loads, it is made of high-temperature resistant steel; For example, a metallic alloy with a maximum operating temperature of 1425 ° C is used. This material is characterized in that the nozzle 22 is metallically conductive and forms a ceramic surface under the influence of high temperatures, which can withstand the high temperatures.
- the nozzle 22 ensures a strong swirling of the plasma 25.
- four gas outlet openings 43 each having a diameter of 1 mm are provided in the outlet plane 41 of the nozzle 22, preferably in a regular arrangement on a circle 42.
- a thermal insulator 11 is arranged between the latter and the plasma flame 25, through which the electrode 13 with the nozzle 22 projects.
- the recipient 12 like the coaxial conductor 2, consists of a tube with a diameter of 104 mm, a wall thickness of 2 mm and a length of 300 mm. It can be provided with means, not shown, for temperature measurement, for pumping out and for monitoring the flame. Air can advantageously be used as the process gas. The operation of the plasma 25 is possible up to a pressure of 100 kPa. This enables an even greater mass throughput to be achieved.
- the axial coupling according to the invention is particularly well suited to generate the highest possible energy and many radicals in the recipient. Overall, the axial coupling according to the invention offers the following advantages: It enables efficient use of the microwave power. - It enables uncomplicated assembly. - 10 -
- the pipes 32, 33 can be mutually fixed with a clamp that encompasses both.
- a membrane bellows and interchangeable circular waveguide pieces can also be used to change the length of the circular waveguide 31.
- the quick, simple and precise adjustment of the length of the round waveguide is conducive to being able to adjust the diaphragm bellows in stages or continuously along a linear guide while the device according to the invention is in operation.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99920621A EP1068778B1 (de) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-04-01 | Plasmabrenner mit einem mikrowellensender |
CA002327093A CA2327093A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-04-01 | Plasma torch with a microwave transmitter |
AT99920621T ATE232042T1 (de) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-04-01 | Plasmabrenner mit einem mikrowellensender |
US09/647,631 US6388225B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-04-01 | Plasma torch with a microwave transmitter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19814812A DE19814812C2 (de) | 1998-04-02 | 1998-04-02 | Plasmabrenner mit einem Mikrowellensender |
DE19814812.7 | 1998-04-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1999052332A1 true WO1999052332A1 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
Family
ID=7863378
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1999/002413 WO1999052332A1 (de) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-04-01 | Plasmabrenner mit einem mikrowellensender |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6388225B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1068778B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE232042T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2327093A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19814812C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2192383T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999052332A1 (de) |
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US20060062930A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2006-03-23 | Devendra Kumar | Plasma-assisted carburizing |
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US20040173316A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-09 | Carr Jeffrey W. | Apparatus and method using a microwave source for reactive atom plasma processing |
US7371992B2 (en) | 2003-03-07 | 2008-05-13 | Rapt Industries, Inc. | Method for non-contact cleaning of a surface |
US7304263B2 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2007-12-04 | Rapt Industries, Inc. | Systems and methods utilizing an aperture with a reactive atom plasma torch |
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US7091441B1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2006-08-15 | Polytechnic University | Portable arc-seeded microwave plasma torch |
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US20080129208A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2008-06-05 | Satyendra Kumar | Atmospheric Processing Using Microwave-Generated Plasmas |
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US8748785B2 (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2014-06-10 | Amastan Llc | Microwave plasma apparatus and method for materials processing |
US20100074810A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-25 | Sang Hun Lee | Plasma generating system having tunable plasma nozzle |
US7921804B2 (en) * | 2008-12-08 | 2011-04-12 | Amarante Technologies, Inc. | Plasma generating nozzle having impedance control mechanism |
US20100201272A1 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2010-08-12 | Sang Hun Lee | Plasma generating system having nozzle with electrical biasing |
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CN103269561B (zh) * | 2013-05-15 | 2016-01-06 | 浙江大学 | 波导直馈式微波等离子体炬装置 |
KR101765271B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-06 | 2017-08-04 | 이성주 | 병원폐기물 플라즈마 소각처리기 |
DE102017130210A1 (de) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-19 | Hegwein GmbH | Plasmabrennerspitze für einen Plasmabrenner |
DE102018100683A1 (de) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-07-18 | EMIL OTTO Flux- und Oberflächentechnik GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lotmittels |
ES2696227B2 (es) | 2018-07-10 | 2019-06-12 | Centro De Investig Energeticas Medioambientales Y Tecnologicas Ciemat | Fuente de iones interna para ciclotrones de baja erosion |
CN108901114B (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-07-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种等离子体射流的发生装置 |
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US3353060A (en) * | 1964-11-28 | 1967-11-14 | Hitachi Ltd | High-frequency discharge plasma generator with an auxiliary electrode |
EP0104109A1 (de) * | 1982-09-16 | 1984-03-28 | ANVAR Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la Recherche | Plasmabögen |
EP0296921A1 (de) * | 1987-06-10 | 1988-12-28 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Mikrowellenplasmabrenner, einen solchen Brenner aufweisende Anlage und sie verwendendes Puderproduktionsverfahren |
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FR2480552A1 (fr) * | 1980-04-10 | 1981-10-16 | Anvar | Generateur de plasma |
FR2616030A1 (fr) * | 1987-06-01 | 1988-12-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de gravure ou de depot par plasma et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
DE3738352A1 (de) * | 1987-11-11 | 1989-05-24 | Technics Plasma Gmbh | Filamentloses magnetron-ionenstrahlsystem |
DE3905303C2 (de) * | 1988-02-24 | 1996-07-04 | Hitachi Ltd | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas durch Mikrowellen |
JP2805009B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-11 | 1998-09-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | プラズマ発生装置及びプラズマ元素分析装置 |
US4943345A (en) * | 1989-03-23 | 1990-07-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Plasma reactor apparatus and method for treating a substrate |
US5349154A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1994-09-20 | Rockwell International Corporation | Diamond growth by microwave generated plasma flame |
US5439154A (en) * | 1994-05-02 | 1995-08-08 | Delligatti; Anna | Diaper bag |
TW285746B (de) * | 1994-10-26 | 1996-09-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | |
DE19511915C2 (de) * | 1995-03-31 | 1997-04-30 | Wu Jeng Ming Dipl Ing | Plasmabrenner mit einem Mikrowellengenerator |
-
1998
- 1998-04-02 DE DE19814812A patent/DE19814812C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-01 EP EP99920621A patent/EP1068778B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-01 CA CA002327093A patent/CA2327093A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-04-01 AT AT99920621T patent/ATE232042T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-01 ES ES99920621T patent/ES2192383T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-01 US US09/647,631 patent/US6388225B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-01 WO PCT/EP1999/002413 patent/WO1999052332A1/de active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3353060A (en) * | 1964-11-28 | 1967-11-14 | Hitachi Ltd | High-frequency discharge plasma generator with an auxiliary electrode |
EP0104109A1 (de) * | 1982-09-16 | 1984-03-28 | ANVAR Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la Recherche | Plasmabögen |
EP0296921A1 (de) * | 1987-06-10 | 1988-12-28 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Mikrowellenplasmabrenner, einen solchen Brenner aufweisende Anlage und sie verwendendes Puderproduktionsverfahren |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1068778B1 (de) | 2003-01-29 |
DE19814812C2 (de) | 2000-05-11 |
ATE232042T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
DE19814812A1 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
ES2192383T3 (es) | 2003-10-01 |
EP1068778A1 (de) | 2001-01-17 |
US6388225B1 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
CA2327093A1 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
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