Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an additive for animal feed which encompasses an extract with flavanoids that are obtained from a plant belonging to the Mimosaceae family and an animal feed containing such additive.
• the additive can be given directly to animals which are in a need therefor, but is particularly intended for admixing into a feed or a drink intended for the animal/ s concerned.
• the additive and feed or drink containing this is able to fight against and/or prevent diarrhoea and other gastrointesti- nal tract disturbance or suffering in animals, increase the growth of animals and/or increase the feed yield in animals which are fed with the additive or the feed or drink containing the additive.
• the additive and the additive containing feed is particularly intended for production animals within the agricultural sector, such as pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses and fowls and other poultry and their progeny, such as sucking pigs, piglets, calves, lambs, kids, foals and chickens etc. but is also usable to pets, such as dogs and cats and their progeny.
• the demand of a high productivity and a shorter production time are also expressed by the fact that the progeny of the animals, e.g. piglets and sucking calves are weaned, i.e. are removed from their mother animals and thereby from their former natural feed, the mother milk, at an earlier time in their lives than previously was the case, which for the young animals was a physiological more appropriate point of time in their growth and maturing toward the independent level for a young animal.
• today piglets are weaned normally at an age of only 4 - 5 weeks after the birth contrary to 8 - 9 weeks previously.
• Some of the used antibiotics to the animals are, however, the same or chemically so closely related to those antibiotics which are used in the fight against deseases provoked by bacteria and other microbes in humans that in the public opinion, especially in the most recent years there has been an increasing concern that the resistance which is found in the microorganisms in the animals should be transferred to the desease provoking microorganisms living in human beings, whereafter these will not be fightable with the present human antibiotics at disposal.
• compositions of hemi cellulose fibers and polyphenols which are extracted from larch threes (Larix occidentalix Nuttai ⁇ .
• the exemplified hemi cellulose fibers and polyphenols consist thus of the water soluble arabinogalactan respectively taxipholens.
• beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium thermophilum
• maleficial, patogenic putrefactive bacteria such as Clostridium ssp.. Bacteroidaceae and Candida ssp..
• flavanoids and tannins are within the group of polyphenols which should be usable in the mentioned compositions but this is not either exemplified or in any other way verified.
• the relation between fibres and polyphenols in the compositions are given to be between 20 and 3 and such compositions are mentioned to be added to the animal feeding in an amount of 0,1 - 5 percent by weight, preferably 0,1 - 2 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the animal feed.
• compositions can be formulated to tablets, pills, capsules, pastils and syrup and that these dispensing forms may contain sweetenings, such as sucrose or saccharin and flavour additives, such as peppermint, methylsalicylat or orange aroma.
• sweetenings such as sucrose or saccharin
• flavour additives such as peppermint, methylsalicylat or orange aroma.
• Another known drug which before the discovery of the antibiotics and especially be- fore the advent of the growth promoters have been used in the agricultural enterprises for fighting against and/or prevention of diarrhoea conditions in animals especially in sucking pigs and piglets, sucking calves and other young animals is a flavanoid containing extract extracted from a plant belonging to the Mimosaceae family.
• This extract was previously sold under the trade name "Calf and Pig Aid” and later on under the name of Diarex ® in a form of either a mixture which beyond water and a small amount of preservative contained about 50 percent by weight of the flavanoid containing plant extract or in form of a powder which apart from a minor amount anticlotting remedy consisted of the clean flavanoid containing plant extract.
• the drugs were given to the animals directly as they were as purchased in the recommended dose (2 - 30 ml or g per animal per day) or they were admixed the animal feed or drinks.
• the Mimosaceae-extract has for the animals a repulsive smell and/or taste and the animals will therefore normally under no conditions eat the extract voluntarily, no matter if it exists as a mixture, powder or is admixed to their feed or drinks.
• a second (or third) person with a syringe or feed- or powder gun injected the mixture/the drink respectively squeezed the powder or the feed to which the mixture or powder were added directly into the gullet of the animal.
• the feed additive which comprises a flavanoid containing extract gained from a plant belonging to the Mimosaceae family
• which feed additive is special by the fact that it furthermore comprises a small and/or a taste masking compound or a mixture of such compounds which mask the flavanoid containing extracts smell and/or taste and possible one or more carriers for the smell and/or taste masking compound or the mixture hereof.
• the additive can also contain other ingredients, such as real filling up compounds and/or means for extension, dyes, consistence conditioning compounds, implication minerals, vitamins, amino acids etc., which do not repel the animals or decrease their appetite or eager to eat.
• the feed additive according to the invention will mostly be present in a form of dry powder or minigranules but will possibly also be present in humidified, pasta-like or liquid form. Irrespective of the physical condition the additive can generally be prepared by simple, thorough mixing of the components.
• a powder additive can be prepared by dry-blending of the ingredients, but it can also be prepared by wet- blending of the ingredients followed by drying, grinding and possible sifting.
• a mini- granulate can be prepared the same way although to begin with possibly sufficient amount of liquid is to be added of an appropriate kind (e.g. water) in order to obtain sufficient adhesion power between the particles of the ingredients.
• a smell and taste masking compound is to be understood any not health damaging compound which in a sufficient concentration is able to mask for the animals the unpleasant and repulsive smell and/or taste from the Mimosaceae-extract to such a degree that the animals voluntarily will eat sufficiently enough of the additive or a feed/a drink in which the addive is admixed so that the animals are eating a therapheutical and/or prophylactical amount of the Mimosaceae-extract.
• the smell and/or taste masking compound can exert its masking effect in different ways.
• the Mimosaceae-extract can: 1) by itself have such a pleasant and attractive smell and/or taste which drowns or is mixed with the smell and/or taste from the Mimosaceae- extract so that the latter either is not conceived or is not repulsive against the animal, 2) exert a blocking effect on the receptors in smell and/or taste cells of the nose and mouth of the animals which nose and mouth register the Mimosaceae-extract as smelling and/or tasting unpleasantly,
• an additive which contains 5 - 80 % by weight of a flavanoid containing Mimosaceae-extract and 95 - 20% by weight of biscuit meal, preferably 10 - 50% by weight of extract and 90 - 50 by weight of biscuit meal, more preferably 15 - 30 % by weight of extract and 85 - 70%) by weight of biscuit meal, particularly about 20%) by weight of extract and about 80%) by weight of biscuit meal based upon the total weight of the additive.
• the possible incorporation of one or more carriers for the smell and/or taste masking compound in the feed additive according to the invention depends upon which specific compound is in use and the aim of its incorporation will accordingly be dependend upon this.
• a carrier for simply to achieve the sufficient solution of the former in order to obtain an appropriate dosing and homogeneous admixing with M mosaceae-extract.
• a carrier in order to maintain the masking compound intact within the additive mixture, e.g. to antagonise the evaporation, separation, break down or other harmful alteration of the compounds during the storage of the additive for a shorter or especially a longer period of time.
• the function of the carrier can be to provide a so sufficiently tight binding of the masking compound with the evil-smelling or evil-tasting compounds of the Mimosaceae-extract that the desired masking effect will be achieved.
• the carrier can be applied any not unhealthy compound which is able to establish the above effects and which has no harming influence upon the therapheutical and prophylactic effect of the Mimosaceae-extract in addition to that it of course not by itself at the same time may have any smell and/or taste which will have a repulsive effect upon the animals.
• the carrier can be of organic or inorganic origin, digestible or indigestible.
• carbohydrates such as starch particles, cellulose fibres and mono-, di- and oligosaccharides, proteins, e.g. soya protein, fat and oils, and salts, such as calcium phosphate and sodium chloride, and as well as mixtures of such compounds.
• compounds which usually not can be used as carrier can be mentioned iron containing compositions of compounds of various kinds as the iron in these compounds in many cases will block the effect of the therapheutic and prophylactic effects of the Mimosaceae-extract.
• That the additive is present in powder form means that the biggest diameter of the substance particle of the additive does not exceed about 0,2 mm.
• That the additive is present in a form a micro granulate means that the main part, e.g. at least 80% by weight, mostly at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95%> by weight and most preferably at least 98% by weight, of the particles have a largest diameter, which is in the area of 0,2 - 2,0 mm.
• the bark is taken off the plants and the bark is transported, possibly after a preceding drying to bark bars, to extraction facilities in the country or abroad, where it is cut into shavings which are subjected to an autoclavation extraction process with water at superatmos- pheric pressure and at a temperature over 100°C or an extraction with percolation with water at a lower temperature after rupture of the parenchymal cells of the bark by autoclavation.
• concentration of the extracted liquid spray-drying is taking place in a countercurrent spray dryer for procurement of a redly, yellowly, or greenly-brown powder with a humidity of about 6%.
• the powder which consists of hollow, spherical particles, has a density of 370 til 500 kg/m , preferably 370 to 430 kg/m , is slightly hygroscopic and is soluble in for instance water and alcohol.
• a 13% solution of the powder in water has a pH of 4.6, a minor buffer area between pH 2.8 - 5.8 and a bigger buffer interval at pH 9.5.
• Aqueous and alcoholic solutions are stable by long time storage in the dark, but its expona- tion to sunlight will develop red colouring.
• the powder is by dry and dark storage at room temperature stable for at least 3 years.
• Herba Acacia Catechu Willd. species Helgati. Arn.. which grows as bushes or plants in Southwest Africa (Namibia), and which is gained by water percolation for 48 hours after autoclavation rupture of the parenchymal cells, have an R f of about 0.35. These values must be considered in relation to that tannic acid under the same conditions has an R f of 0.9.
• the Mimosaceae extraction powder is made up by polyhydroxiflavanoids, while the rest is made up by a complex mixture of carbohydrates, gummies, sugars, amino acids, and other small components, from which a little amount is insoluble compounds.
• the part, which is made up by polyhydroxy flavanoids consists of condensed flavanoids and their monomeric precursors. Polyhydroxy flavanoids constitute thus a complex mixture of a number of various single components, which basic unit is the typical carbon- 15 flavanoid skeleton, and their molecular weights vary from about 300 for the monomeric precursors to about 3000 for the biggest polymers with an average molecular weight of about 1200-1300.
• the average Mimosaceae flavanoid molecule consists consequently of 4-5 monomeric flavanoid molecules. They are bound to each other with carbon-carbon bonds.
• the flavanoid precursors consist typically of flavan-3.4-dioles (leucoanthocyanidins) and flavan-3- oles (catechins), reference is made to overleaf tables 1 and 2.
• the heterocyclic C-ring is typically rup- tured followed by production of resorcinol, phloroglucinol and protocatechinic acid, gallic acid and in smaller amounts resorcinol, phloroglucinol and catechol, pyrogallol, reference is made to overleaf tables 3 and 4.
• the polymeric flavanoid molecules consist prevailingly of flavan-3.4-dioles condensed with flavan-3-oles.
• the structure of the di- and triflavanoids are shown overleaf in tables 5 and 6.
• the polyflavanoids have a strong affinity to collagen, which forms the basis for their application in the traditional, vegetarian tanning methods.
• the true affinity of the flavanoid substances to proteinaceous material was first clear by the time for the level of triflavanoid, which can be seen by the finding that gelatine is precipitated from a triflavanoid solution under controlled conditions. Further information about the chemical composition of the Mimosaceae flavanoids and the stereostructure and about the contents of non-flavanoid substances in the Mimosaceae extracts are to be found in the special literature.
• the Mimosaceae extracts per se have no direct bactericid or microbiocid effect, that is to say they have no direct killing effect upon bacteria and other micro-organisms.
• the effect of the extracts on the micro-organism flora (bacteria and other micro- orgamisms) in the gastrointestinal tract by animals and human beings is considered to appear by a precipitation of and binding together of proteins from the outer surface of the intestinal epithelium and in the content of the intestine and in the surfaces of the micro-organisms.
• the micro-organisms are not directly killed their toxins are not released to a big extent it happens by application of big doses of traditional antibiotics, which can lead to a toxin shock and the death of the treated individual.
• non resistent bacteria species are produced by the flavanoid treatment, because the fighting is based upon a general, physical-chemical catch and binding of the micro-organisms which then are excreted with faeces instead of at a specific chemical/biochemical intervention into the life and/or reproduction processes of the organisms against which surviv- ing organisms will be able to develop measures toward and consequently future generations will become more resistent to the operational mode of the pertinent antibiotics.
• the Mimosaceae extract should therefore normally be administrated at least two times dayly for 2-4 days and possibly longer in order to achieve optimal results.
• the effective components in the Mimosaceae extract are not directly digestible, and neither these nor the breakdown products hereof are detectable in the blood or in the milk by individuals, who orally have been given the extract. Oral administration of the extract into an individual results therefore only in a local effect in the gastrointestinal tract for what reason systemic adverse events hardly exist and therefore they have not been reported. Furthermore, there will be no need for "retention times" for meat or milk from animals, which have been treated with the Mimosaceae extract.
• the Mimosaceae extract alone is effective in the gastrointestinal tract by purely physically to decimate the amount of microorganisms [such as: A) anaerobic gramnegative rods (bacteroids), cocci (pepto-streptococci and peptococci), clostridies and lactic acid bacteria; B) aerobic (about 1 % of total) enterobacteria, streptococci species and bacillus species; and C) various fungi etc.] antagony the tendency to over- growth of one or a few species which are often seen following use of antibiotics.
• microorganisms such as: A) anaerobic gramnegative rods (bacteroids), cocci (pepto-streptococci and peptococci), clostridies and lactic acid bacteria; B) aerobic (about 1 % of total) enterobacteria, streptococci species and bacillus species; and C) various fungi etc.
• the invention also relates to an animal feed or drink, which is particular by comprising a feed or drink, respectively, aimed at the pertinent animal and a mixed additive according to the invention, preferably in such weight relations that the ready mixed feed or drink, respectively, comprises 0.005 - 10 % by weight of the flavanoid containing extract, more preferably 0.1 - 5 % by weight, most preferably 0.5 - 2 % by weight, especially about 1% by weight, calculated on the basis of the weight of the feed or drink mixture in total.
• the additive according to the invention can be used for treatment and/or prevention of diarrhoea or other gastrointestinal tract disturbance or suffering in .an animal, promotion of growth of an animal and/or increase of the feed yield in an animal, which method is particular by giving the animal a feed or a drink according to the invention.
• the additive according to the invention can be used for fighting against Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, by giving the animal an additive, a feed or a drink according to the invention.
• the invention relates to a method for preparation of a feed or a drink for fighting against Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 in the gastrointestinal tract of ani- mals, which method is particular by admixing an additive to a feed or drink intended for the pertinent animal according to one of the claims 1-8, preferably in those in claim 9 given mixture relationships of weight.
• the animal feed additive or with the additive containing feed or drink that following administration of a single dosis of the feed additive or the additive containing feed according to the invention there will possibly still could be such a big number of bacteria or microorganisms left in the gastrointestinal tract in a number of cases that they will quickly be propagated and thereby continue or restart the condition of diarrhoea in the treated individual.
• the feed additive or the additive containing feed according to the invention therefore should normally be administrated at least twice dayly for 2-4 days and possibly longer to obtain optimal results.
• the big advantage by the application of the feed additive and/or the feed/drink according to the invention is, however, that while the pure Mimosaceae extract must be administrated to the animals by com- pulsory feeding then the animals voluntarily and with big pleasure and eager consume the additive and/or feed drink according to the invention, and thereby achieve the ad- vantageous, therapeutic and prophylactic effect without application of the time consuming and expensive working power efforts.
• the feed or drink according to the invention By feeding animals with the additive, the feed or drink according to the invention it will thus be possible to prevent or fight against any condition of diarrhoea or other gastrotestinal disturbance by animals and fight against or prevent the presence of any undesired bacteria or other microorganism in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals, including for instance bacteria belonging to the families E.Coli. Salmonella (e.g. S.choleraesuis and S .typhimurium). Clostridium (e.g. Cl.perfrangens . Camphylobac- ter, Serpulina (e.g. S.hvodysenteria and S.pilosicoli and Lawsonia (e.g.
• Animal feed additive was prepared according to the invention with the following composition:
• Diarex®-powder, cone is a Mimosaceae extract powder containing about l%o .anti- clotting remedy.
• the biscuit meal which is prepared and sold by the Internationale hermaat- schappij Robi bv, Holland, is especially intended for young animals and consists of a mixture of 70% by weight of minced biscuit and confectionery side products and 30% by weight of bread meal.
• the product which is easy-flowing, is easily digestible, well-tasting and has a pleasant vanilla sugar-like fragrance.
• Biscuit meal is stated to have the following composition and feed properties:
• Lysine 2.2 g/kg Methionin + cystine 3.7 g/kg Granulometry 98 % max 2 mm
• Flex Combimilk STD Skimmed milk powder added vegetarian fat Fat, an. pig, 92/10: Lard from slaughterhouse offal Feed additive iflg.opf.: The above stated feed additive mixture
• Flex Norm-Mix 2201 Premixture of Carbadox (growth promoter), minerals, vitamins and essential amino acids, which are prepared and sold by
• Soygrits (oast(Bra)44 %) 87.0 10.00 100.00
• Soygrits (oast(Bra)44 %) 87.0 10.00 100.00
• Feed additive iflg.opf. 90.5 2.50 25.00
• Flex Premix 2292 is a premix of Carbadox (growth promoter), minerals, vitamins and essential amino acids, which are prepared and sold by FLEX-FODER (supra).
• the dry feed which contains 2,50 weight% of the feed additive according to the invention, contained 0,50 weight% pure Mimosaceae extract.
• Both feed mixtures were prepared by dry blending of the ingredients, which all (apart from the lard, which following heating to 50-60°C was added in liquid form) were available in powder form by thorough mixing in a spiral compulsive blender for 20 minutes.
• the finished manufactured feed compositions were available as easy- flowing, essentially dustless powders or microgranulates which were ready to use in an automated feed plant.
• the pigs in the test groups were fed for 15 days with the dry feed mixture, which contained the feed additive according to the invention, while the pigs in the control groups continued with the basic dry feed without content of this additive.
• Typical monomeric Mimosaceae extract flavanoids shown below, where standard stereochemical depiction is utilized. Arrow heads show groups being positioned above the plane of the paper and broken lines show groups below the plane of the paper.
• Biflavanoides and triflavanoides from fresh bark test specimens from Mimosaceae are demonstrated to have the below configuration.
• R, ' R 2 H (— )-fisetinidol-(+)-catechin
• R, ⁇ OH, R 2 H: (— )-robinetinidol-(+)-catechin

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8092380

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (5)

Citations (3)

• 1998
  • 1998-03-12 DK DK199800335A patent/DK172775B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1999
  • 1999-03-10 AU AU27134/99A patent/AU2713499A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-03-10 WO PCT/DK1999/000120 patent/WO1999045795A1/da active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events