WO1999027119A1 - Procede et compositions activant les transgenes silencieux - Google Patents

Procede et compositions activant les transgenes silencieux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999027119A1
WO1999027119A1 PCT/EP1998/007577 EP9807577W WO9927119A1 WO 1999027119 A1 WO1999027119 A1 WO 1999027119A1 EP 9807577 W EP9807577 W EP 9807577W WO 9927119 A1 WO9927119 A1 WO 9927119A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gene
plant
promoter
transcription factor
dna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/007577
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Eric Russell Ward
Charles David Guyer
Sandra Lynn Volrath
Jörn Görlach
Original Assignee
Novartis Ag
Novartis-Erfindungen Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novartis Ag, Novartis-Erfindungen Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh filed Critical Novartis Ag
Priority to JP2000522260A priority Critical patent/JP2001524315A/ja
Priority to AU19639/99A priority patent/AU745867B2/en
Priority to CA002311632A priority patent/CA2311632A1/fr
Priority to EP98964437A priority patent/EP1034284A1/fr
Priority to BR9815035-9A priority patent/BR9815035A/pt
Publication of WO1999027119A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999027119A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/93—Ligases (6)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
    • C12N15/8217—Gene switch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6897—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids involving reporter genes operably linked to promoters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to compositions for controlling expression of genetic sequences, and to a method of use thereof. More particularly the invention relates to inducing expression of an antisense nucleic acid sequence that specifically inactivates expression of a target gene.
  • transcriptional regulatory factors are modular, consisting of a DNA- binding domain and an activation domain that interacts with components of the transcriptional machinery assembling at the promoter (Ptashne, 1988; Swaffield et al., 1995). Fusing combinations of these elements, derived from different kingdoms, has resulted in production of diverse hybrid factors having defined DNA-binding specificities and transcription activation function for the target organism in question. For instance, in transient expression experiments in tobacco protoplasts, transcription factors derived from the yeast GAL4 transcriptional activator have been shown to activate transcription from a reporter gene controlled by a synthetic promoter consisting of multiple GAL4 DNA binding sites and a TATA element derived from a promoter recognized by plant cells (Ma er a/., 1988).
  • hybrid transcriptional activators and activator mutants have also been studied through high-velocity microprojectile delivery of genes into the aleurone layer of maize seed.
  • a GAL4 DNA binding domain fused to the acidic activation domain of herpes simplex virus VP16 protein or the functionally related maize regulatory protein C1 was shown to stimulate the expression of a GAL4-dependent reporter gene when both transactivator and reporter genes were introduced on microprojectiles (Goff er a/., 1991).
  • a chimeric transcriptional activator composed of the DNA binding domain of bacteriophage 434 fused to the VP16 activation domain was shown to activate gene expression of a reporter gene driven by a synthetic promoter consisting of 434 operators fused to a minimal 35S promoter when transiently introduced into tobacco protoplasts (Wilde et al., 1994). Together these studies establish that DNA binding domains from heterologous factors can bind to synthetic promoters containing appropriate binding sites on naked DNA templates introduced into plant cells, and non-plant activation domains can productively interact with the transcription machinery of the plant when covalently linked to a DNA binding domain.
  • compositions and a method useful for providing inducible expression of introduced DNA sequences in stably transformed plants are compositions and a method useful for providing inducible expression of introduced DNA sequences in stably transformed plants.
  • the present invention answers a long felt yet unfulfilled need in the art by providing a method, compositions and transgenic plants containing heterologous DNA sequences for stably introducing into a plant hybrid transcription factors and a synthetic promoter to induce expression of an activatable DNA sequence, such as a transgene.
  • an activatable DNA sequence such as a transgene.
  • the invention described herein effectively separates insertion of the transgene from its activity, thus permitting recovery of otherwise lethal transformants, followed later by their activation.
  • a utility of the invention is for investigating gene function, for example by identifying genes that are important for plant growth, development and viability.
  • a particularly important feature of the invention is the ability to induce the expression of antisense DNA sequences, or dominant inhibitors, such as a translatable or untranslatable sense sequence capable of disrupting gene function, in stably transformed plants to positively identify one or more genes essential for normal growth and development of a plant.
  • the invention encompasses hybrid transcription factor genes, synthetic promoters, activatable DNA sequences and cells, tissues and plants containing such genes, promoters and DNA sequences, and method of use thereof to determine plant gene function.
  • a hybrid transcription factor gene and a synthetic promoter are selected or designed such that the DNA binding domain of the hybrid transcription factor is capable of binding specifically to the synthetic promoter to activate expression of an activatable DNA sequence driven by the synthetic promoter.
  • the invention encompasses a first cell or tissue, preferably a plant cell or plant tissue, or a plant, containing a sequence encoding a hybrid transcription factor necessary to activating a synthetic promoter, and a second cell or tissue, preferably a plant cell or plant tissue, or a plant, containing the synthetic promoter, wherein the first and the second cell, tissue or plant can be manipulated to create a cell, tissue or plant containing the both the sequence encoding the hybrid transcription factor and the synthetic promoter.
  • the second cell, tissue or plant contains the synthetic promoter operably linked to an activatable DNA sequence, whose expression is driven by the synthetic promoter when the promoter is activated by the hybrid transcription factor.
  • the hybrid transcription factor is designed or selected so as to be controllable by an independent factor, such as, for example, estrogen.
  • the method of the invention encompasses combining the first and the second cells, tissues or plants to form a stable transgenic plant containing both the hybrid transcription factor gene and the synthetic promoter such that the activatable DNA sequence is expressed in the plant.
  • One embodiment permits one skilled in the art to activate expression of an otherwise silent gene (or gene fragment) of interest, such as an antisense gene, by sexually introducing a gene encoding a transcriptional factor that specifically activates expression from a synthetic promoter controlling the gene of interest.
  • an otherwise silent gene (or gene fragment) of interest such as an antisense gene
  • progeny of the sexual cross between the plant containing the gene of interest and the effector plant will be unable to normally express the endogenous gene.
  • Plant genes essential for normal growth or development can be identified in this manner. The identification of such genes provide useful targets for screening compound libraries for effective herbicides.
  • hybrid transcription factor can function effectively to control gene expression in stably transformed plants.
  • the following detailed description is the first evidence that hybrid transcription factors can effectively activate gene function in whole plants, thereby providing a useful system for positively identifying genes essential for plant growth.
  • the present invention provides an important new method for investigating gene function in plants.
  • the invention is particularly useful for identifying endogenous plant DNA sequences that are necessary or important for growth, development or viability.
  • the identification of such DNA sequences provides information essential for the rational and efficient development of safe, effective, economically feasible and environmentally sound products to solve important agricultural problems.
  • the invention can be used to test for function of endogenous genes by knocking out their expression.
  • it can be used to verify potential herbicide target genes, by ascertaining whether a gene of interest is essential for normal growth and development of the plant. This provides an early and essential link in the screening and development chain and provides the motivation to marshal resources and direct the expenditure of effort to identify and test the most potent compounds, thereby providing an immediate benefit to the public.
  • Activatable DNA construct - refers to a DNA sequence, or a recombinant construct containing the DNA sequence and a synthetic promoter, which when introduced into a cell, desirably a plant cell, is not expressed, i.e. it is silent, unless a complete hybrid transcription factor capable of binding to and activating the synthetic promoter, is present.
  • the activatable DNA construct subsequently is introduced into cells, tissues or plants to form stable transgenic lines capable of expressing the activatable DNA sequence, as described more fully below.
  • Activatable DNA sequence - refers to a DNA sequence that regulates the expression of genes in a genome, desirably the genome of a plant.
  • the activatable DNA sequence is complementary to the target DNA sequence endogenous in the genome. When the activatable DNA sequence is introduced and expressed in a cell, it inhibits expression of the target DNA.
  • An activatable DNA sequence useful in the present invention includes those encoding or acting as dominant inhibitors, such as a translatable or untranslatable sense sequence capable of disrupting gene function in stably transformed plants to positively identify one or more genes essential for normal growth and development of a plant.
  • a preferred activatable DNA sequence is an antisense DNA sequence.
  • the antisense RNA binds to target gene RNA to inhibit the expression of the target DNA gene product. It is possible that such RNA:RNA complexes inhibit the binding or function of translational machinery, alternatively it is possible that such RNA:RNA complexes are rapidly degraded. Other mechanisms are possible.
  • the target gene encodes a protein, such as a biosynthetic enzyme, receptor, signal transduction protein, structural gene product or transport protein that is essential to the growth or survival of the plant.
  • the interaction of the antisense RNA sequence and the target gene RNA results in substantial inhibition of the expression of the target DNA sequence so as to kill the plant, or inhibit normal plant growth or development.
  • Expression refers to the transcription and/or translation of an endogenous gene or a transgene in plants.
  • expression may refer to the transcription of the antisense DNA only.
  • Gene refers to a coding sequence and associated regulatory sequences wherein the coding sequence is transcribed into RNA such as mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, snRNA, sense RNA or antisense RNA.
  • regulatory sequences are promoter sequences, 5' and 3' untranslated sequences and termination sequences. Further elements that may be present are, for example, introns.
  • Gene of interest refers to any gene which, when transferred to a plant, confers upon the plant a desired characteristic such as antibiotic resistance, virus resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance, or resistance to other pests, herbicide tolerance, improved nutritional value, improved performance in an industrial process or altered reproductive capability.
  • the "gene of interest” may also be one that is transferred to plants for the production of commercially valuable enzymes or metabolites in the plant.
  • Heterologous DNA sequence - refers to a DNA sequence not naturally associated with the host cell into which it is introduced, including non-naturally occurring multiple copies of a naturally occurring DNA sequence.
  • Marker gene refers to a gene encoding a selectable or screenable trait
  • Minimal promoter - refers to promoter elements, particularly a TATA element, that are inactive, or which have greatly reduced promoter activity in the absence of upstream activation. In the presence of suitable transcription factor the minimal promoter functions to permit transcription.
  • Plant refers to structural and physiological unit of the plant, comprising a protoplast and a cell wall.
  • the plant cell may be in form of an isolated single cell or a cultured cell, or as a part of higher organized unit such as, for example, a plant tissue, or a plant organ.
  • Plant cell refers to any plant, particularly to seed plants
  • Plant material refers to leaves, stems, roots, flowers or flower parts, fruits, pollen, pollen tubes, ovules, embryo sacs, egg cells, zygotes, embryos, seeds, cuttings, cell or tissue cultures, or any other part or product of a plant
  • Promoter a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of an associated DNA sequence.
  • the promoter region may also include elements that act as regulators of gene expression such as activators, enhancers, and/or repressors
  • Recombinant DNA molecule a combination of DNA sequences that are joined together using recombinant DNA technology
  • Recombinant DNA technology refers to procedures used to join together DNA sequences as described, for example, in Sambrook et al., 1989, Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
  • Selectable marker gene refers to a gene whose expression in a plant cell gives the cell a selective advantage.
  • the selective advantage possessed by the cells transformed with the selectable marker gene may be due to their ability to grow in the presence of a negative selective agent, such as an antibiotic or a herbicide, compared to the growth of non- transformed cells.
  • the selective advantage possessed by the transformed cells, compared to non-transformed cells may also be due to their enhanced or novel capacity to utilize an added compound as a nutrient, growth factor or energy source.
  • Selectable marker gene also refers to a gene or a combination of genes whose expression in a plant cell gives the cell both, a negative and a positive selective advantage.
  • Stably transformed - refers to a cell, desirably a plant cell, containing at least one heterologous DNA sequence, wherein the heterologous DNA sequence is maintained in the cell, and is functional under the appropriate conditions for its intended use, and is heritable to subsequent generations.
  • the term specifically includes those cells into which the heterologous DNA sequence is initially introduced, by whatever means, and to subsequently derived cells, tissues, plants and seeds containing the heterologous DNA sequence. The latter are also referred to as stable transgenic lines.
  • synthetic refers to a nucleotide sequence comprising structural characters that are not present in the natural sequence. For example, an artificial sequence that resembles more closely the G+C content and the normal codon distribution of dicot and/or monocot genes is said to be synthetic.
  • Transformation refers to introduction of a nucleic acid into a cell.
  • r transformation
  • the invention encompasses hybrid transcription factor genes, synthetic promoters, activatable DNA sequences and cells, tissues and plants containing such genes, promoters and DNA sequences, and methods of use thereof.
  • the hybrid transcription factor gene and the synthetic promoter are selected or designed such that the DNA binding domain of the hybrid transcription factor is capable of binding specifically to the synthetic promoter to turn on expression of an activatable DNA sequence driven by the synthetic promoter.
  • the invention is based on sexual crossing to achieve inducible gene activation, relying on an transcriptional effector line to activate expression of a silent transgene under the control of a synthetic, activatable promoter.
  • Traits whose expression can be controlled with this system include both non-plant genes, translated or untranslated sense genes for transcriptional control elements such as endogenous promoters, or post- transcriptional control elements, and antisense genes to knock out expression of endogenous genes (e.g. AdSS, which is described below).
  • AdSS antisense genes to knock out expression of endogenous genes
  • the transcriptional effector line contains a DNA sequence encoding a hybrid transcription factor, as described more fully below, which is crossed with a cell, tissue or plant line containing the synthetic promoter operably linked to the activatable DNA sequence.
  • the transcriptional effector line contains a DNA sequence encoding one portion of a hybrid transcription factor, wherein the protein encoded thereby is capable of forming a hybrid transcription factor through peptide-peptide interaction with the conjugate part of the hybrid transcription factor.
  • the synthetic promoter, activatable DNA sequence and the DNA sequence encoding the corresponding conjugate part of the hybrid transcription factor are contained in a separate line.
  • the hybrid transcription factor is rendered ineffective by an inhibitor, thereby preventing it from activating the synthetic promoter, for example by blocking functional binding of the hybrid transcription factor to the synthetic promoter. Consequently, the activatable DNA sequence is not expressed unless and until the hybrid transcription factor inhibitor is removed.
  • This system is especially useful for allowing expression of traits that might otherwise be unrecoverable as constitutively driven transgenes. For instance, foreign genes with potentially lethal effect, or antisense genes or dominant negative mutations designed to abolish function of essential genes, while of great interest in basic studies of plant biology, present inherent experimental problems. Decreased transformation frequencies are often cited as evidence of lethality associated with a particular constitutively driven transgene, but negative results of this type are laden with alternative trivial explanations.
  • a system of the type described here allows stable maintenance and propagation of a test transgene separate from its expression. This ability to separate transgene insertion from expression is crucial for firm conclusions about essentiality of gene function to be drawn. The present invention , therefore, is a substantial contribution to the art.
  • Variation in severity of phenotype can be achieved by examining the phenotypes of multiple independent activatable lines crossed to a single activator. By relying on position effect to provide varying levels of expressibility from the different transgenic loci, it is possible to obtain a phenocopy of an allelic series for a specific trait. This is illustrated below in Example 2, which shows that a diversity of expression levels from an antisense gene designed to knock out an essential metabolic function results in plant lines with varying severity of phenotype. Similarly, other traits will also be inactivatable to varying degrees in independent lines.
  • expression of particular traits is achieved by further controlling the expression of the hybrid activator gene with appropriate promoters, for example promoters regulated in developmental time or space.
  • appropriate promoters for example promoters regulated in developmental time or space.
  • assessing the function of a gene of interest in specific cell types, tissues, or organs or at specific times in development is possible.
  • the requirement for function of a gene in embryo development could be tested by activating an antisense transgene with a factor driven by a promoter known to be expressed strongly in developing seeds.
  • Such an approach has been widely used in Drosophila, usually by inserting the a GAL4 effector construct at random to obtain fusions to various genomic enhancers directing expression in different cell and tissue types (Brand and Perrimon, 1993).
  • DNA constructs of the present invention provide additional control of gene expression by way of chemically inducible promoters, for example using steroid- inducible gene expression as exemplified by Schena, et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, Vol. 88, pp 10421-10425, December 1991).
  • the transactivation perse is not limited to this one species.
  • the system described here functions in any species, including commercially important plants, including but not limited to corn, rice, wheat, sugar beet, barley, rye, cotton, rape, oats, sorghum, millet, turf grasses and ornamentals.
  • a hybrid transcription factor gene comprises DNA sequences encoding 1 ) a DNA- binding domain and 2) an activation domain that interacts with components of the transcriptional machinery assembling at the promoter. Gene fragments are joined, typically such that the DNA binding domain is toward the 5' terminus and the activator domain is toward the 3' terminus, to form a hybrid gene whose expression produces a hybrid transcription factor.
  • One skilled in the art is capable of routinely combining various DNA sequences encoding DNA-binding domains with various DNA sequences encoding activation domains to produce a wide array of hybrid transcription factor genes.
  • DNA sequences that can be used to make hybrid transcription factors useful in the invention include, but are not limited to those encoding the acidic activation domain of herpes simplex VP16, maize C1 , and P1.
  • suitable activation domains can be isolated by fusing DNA pieces from an organism of choice to a suitable DNA binding domain and selecting directly for function. (Estruch et al., 1994, incorporated by reference in its entirety). Domains of transcriptional activator proteins can be swapped between proteins of diverse origin. (Brent and Ptashne (1985) Cell 43:729-736).
  • a desirable hybrid transcription factor gene comprises DNA sequences encoding the GAL4 DNA binding domain fused to the maize C1 activation domain.
  • One skilled in the art can use routine molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology to make desirable hybrid transcription factor genes.
  • a synthetic promoter comprises at least one DNA binding site recognized by the DNA binding domain of the hybrid transcription factor, and a minimal promoter, preferably a TATA element derived from a promoter recognized by plant cells. More particularly the TATA element is derived from a promoter recognized by the plant cell type into which the synthetic promoter will be incorporated. Desirably, the DNA binding site is repeated multiple times in the synthetic promoter so that the minimal promoter may be more effectively activated, such that the activatable DNA sequence associated with the synthetic promoter is more effectively expressed.
  • DNA binding sites that can be used to make synthetic promoters useful in the invention include but are not limited to the upstream activating sequence (UAS G ) recognized by the GAL4 DNA binding protein, the lac operator, and the lexA binding site.
  • promoter TATA elements recognized by plant cells include those derived from CaMV 35S, the maize Bz1 promoter, the UBQ3 promoter, Agrobacterium nopaline synthase or mannopine synthase promotor such as SuperMAS, maize Bz1 promotor, UBQ3 promotor, hsp ⁇ O from Brassica oleracea and arabidopsis actine-2 promotor.
  • a desirable synthetic promoter comprises a truncated CaMV 35S sequence containing the TATA element (nucleotides -59 to +48 relative to the start of transcription), fused at its 5' end to approximately 10 concatemeric direct repeats of the upstream activating sequence (UAS G ) recognized by the GAL4 DNA binding domain.
  • TATA element nucleotides -59 to +48 relative to the start of transcription
  • UAS G upstream activating sequence
  • An activatable DNA sequence encompasses any DNA sequence for which stable introduction and expression in a plant cell is desired. Particularly desirable activatable DNA sequences are sense or antisense sequences, who expression results in decreased expression of their endogenous counterpart genes, thereby inhibiting normal plant growth or development.
  • the activatable DNA sequence is operably linked with the synthetic promoter to form the activatable DNA construct.
  • the activatable DNA sequence in the activatable DNA construct is not expressed, i.e. it is silent, in transgenic lines, unless a hybrid transcription factor capable of binding to and activating the synthetic promoter, is also present.
  • the activatable DNA construct subsequently is introduced into cells, tissues or plants to form stable transgenic lines expressing the activatable DNA sequence, as described more fully below.
  • the invention also encompasses a first and a second cell or tissue, preferably a plant cell or plant tissue, or plant, containing a hybrid transcription factor gene and an activatable DNA construct, respectively.
  • the first cell, tissue or plant and the second cell, tissue or plant are selected such that they can be manipulated to create a plant cell, plant tissue or plant containing the hybrid transcription factor gene and expressing the hybrid transcription factor, and also containing and activating the synthetic promoter of the activatable DNA construct so as to express the activatable DNA sequence driven by the promoter.
  • Hybrid transcription factor genes and activatable DNA constructs above are introduced into a cell, tissue or plant by methods well known and routinely used in the art, including but not limited to crossing, /4gro£.actet7-vm-mediated transformation, Ti plasmid vectors, direct DNA uptake such as microprojectile bombardment, liposome mediated uptake, micro-injection and the like.
  • Transgenic plant lines containing the hybrid transcription factor gene are created using, for example, Agrobacterium-me ⁇ ate ⁇ transformation.
  • Primary transformants (T1 generation) are screened for the ability to activate expression from a corresponding synthetic promoter (i.e. a synthetic promoter that is activatable by the hybrid transcription factor) by transiently transforming them with a reporter construct.
  • Routine RNA gel blot analysis is used to confirm that the transformants express the hybrid transcription factor gene.
  • the transgenic nature of the lines is further tested in the T2 generation for segregation of kanamycin resistance (or other appropriate selectable marker gene carried on the inserted DNA) as a single locus after selfing.
  • the presence of a single T-DNA insert is confirmed by genomic DNA gel blot analysis in lines that show 3:1 segregation.
  • These lines may be further analyzed for expression of the hybrid transcription factor gene by RNA gel blot analysis.
  • T2 plants are selfed to obtain T3 progeny, which are screened for homozygosity of
  • Transgenic lines containing a synthetic promoter activatable by a desired hybrid transcription factor are prepared in a similar fashion by transformation.
  • the transgenic lines containing the synthetic promoter and the activatable DNA sequence (the activatable DNA construct), and optionally a selectable marker are prepared by standard methods.
  • the transgenic lines are selected for the marker to confirm the presence of the activatable DNA construct.
  • F1 plants containing both the hybrid transactivator gene and the activatable DNA construct are generated by cross-pollination and selected for the presence of an appropriate marker, such as kanamycin.
  • an appropriate marker such as kanamycin.
  • the F1 plants generate high levels of activatable DNA sequence expression product, comparable to those obtained with strong constitutive promoters such as CaMV 35S.
  • a useful assay method of the invention comprises a) crossing a first stably transformed plant comprising a hybrid transcription factor gene encoding a hybrid transcription factor capable of activating a synthetic promoter, when said synthetic promoter is present in the plant, and wherein the plant is homozygous for the hybrid transcription factor;
  • a second stably transformed plant comprising an activatable DNA sequence and a synthetic promoter that is activatable by the hybrid transcription factor, wherein the DNA sequence is expressed in the presence of the hybrid transcription factor to yield F1 plants expressing the DNA sequence;
  • the hybrid transcription factor gene encodes a DNA binding domain derived from a GAL4 gene of yeast and the transcription activation domain derived from a C1 gene of maize.
  • the minimal promoter is selected from the group consisting of the CaMV 35S minimal promoter, the maize Bz1 promoter and the UBQ3 promoter.
  • the synthetic promoter sequence comprises a CaMV 35S minimal promoter containing a TATA element fused at its 5' end to 10 concatemeric copies of the upstream activating sequence recognized by a GAL4 DNA binding domain.
  • the hybrid transcription factor gene encodes a DNA binding domain derived from a GAL4 gene of yeast and the transcription activation domain derived from the C1 gene of maize, and wherein the activatable DNA construct comprises a synthetic promoter sequence comprising a CaMV 35S minimal promoter containing a TATA element fused at its 5' end to 10 concatemeric copies of the upstream activating sequence recognized by a GAL4 DNA binding domain.
  • Another useful method of the invention provides for identifying essential plant gene inhibitors, such as the plant AdSS gene comprising,
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention encompasses a plant comprising a hybrid transcription factor gene and an activatable DNA construct, wherein the hybrid transcription factor encoded by the hybrid transcription factor gene is capable of activating the synthetic promoter of the activatable DNA construct to induce expression of an operably linked antisense DNA sequence, wherein the plant is stably transformed with the hybrid transcription factor and with the activatable DNA construct.
  • the hybrid transcription factor gene comprises a DNA binding domain derived from a gene selected from the group consisting of a GAL4 gene of yeast, bacteriophage 434, lexA, lad and lambda phage repressor; a transcription activation domain derived from a gene selected from the group consisting of herpes simplex VP16, maize C1 and P1 ; the activatable DNA construct comprises a minimal promoter selected from the group consisting of the CaMV 35S minimal promoter, the maize Bz1 promoter and the UBQ3 promoter.
  • the synthetic promoter sequence comprises a CaMV 35S minimal promoter containing a TATA element fused at its 5' end to 10 concatemeric copies of the upstream activating sequence recognized by a GAL4 DNA binding domain.
  • the hybrid transcription factor gene encodes a DNA binding domain derived from a GAL4 gene of yeast and the transcription activation domain derived from the C1 gene of maize
  • the activatable DNA construct comprises a synthetic promoter sequence comprising a CaMV 35S minimal promoter containing a TATA element fused at its 5' end to 10 concatemeric copies of the upstream activating sequence recognized by a GAL4 DNA binding domain.
  • activatable DNA sequence is an AdSS antisense sequence.
  • This example illustrates that crossing a transgenic plant line expressing a GAL4/C1 hybrid factor to a line containing a reporter transgene controlled by an appropriate synthetic promoter results in strong induction of reporter gene expression.
  • the appropriate genes for testing the system in Arabidopsis were constructed as described more fully below.
  • a hybrid transcription factor gene is constructed from components of the GAL4 and C1 genes previously shown to contain the DNA-binding and transcription activation functions, respectively.
  • the construct used for plant transformation pAT 53 contains a left border sequence coupled to a 35S promotor operably linked to a hybrid transcription faction comprised of a GAL4 DNA binding domain coupled to a C1 activation domain with a 35S 3' terminator sequence and a pNOS/NPT/nos 3' selectable marker cassette bounded by a right border sequence).
  • the N-terminal 147 amino acids of the encoded protein derive from GAL4, and the C-terminal 101 amino acids are derived from the carboxy-terminal amino acids 173-273 of C1.
  • a similar combination had previously been shown to function in transient assays (Goff et al., 1991).
  • a synthetic promoter designed to be activatable by this factor is constructed using Bz1 TATA element (optionally the truncated CaMV 35S promoter, containing the TATA element (nucleotides -59 to +48 relative to the start of transcription) is used), fused at its 5' end to 10 concatemeric copies of the upstream activating sequence (UAS G ) recognized by GAL4 protein.
  • the construct pAT 73 contains a left border sequence coupled to a 35S promotor operably linked a dihydrofolate reductase coding sequence linked to a 35S 3' terminator, which in turn is ligated to a 10-fold concatenated GAL4 binding site construct containing a TATA element operably linked to a GUS reporter element with a 35S 3' terminator, all of which is bounded by a right border sequence.
  • a reporter gene is selected as the activatable DNA sequence, for example a modified E. coll uidA ( ⁇ -glucuronidase; GUS) coding sequence driven by the synthetic UAS G TATA promoter.
  • the GUS gene is considered a model reporter gene for expression in that its gene product is readily detected and quantified.
  • Transgenic Arabidopsis plant lines containing the hybrid transcription factor gene were created using Agrobactehum-me ⁇ a ⁇ ed transformation.
  • Primary transformants (T1 generation) were screened for ability to activate expression from the synthetic UAS G ATA promoter by transiently transforming them with a luciferase reporter construct. Approximately half of the T1 transformants tested showed luciferase activity after microprojectile bombardment. RNA gel blot analysis confirmed that these transformants expressed the GAL4/C1 gene.
  • T2 generation for segregation of kanamycin resistance (the selectable marker gene carried on the T-DNA) as a single locus after selfing.
  • RNA blot analysis shows that both lines expressed detectable levels of stable RNA derived from the transgene.
  • Transgenic Arabidopsis plant lines containing the UAS G TATA/GUS gene were created using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and were selected on methotrexate and screened for homozygosity. Two lines, designated pAT73-309 and -346, were analyzed for GUS activity, and found to have very low amounts, not significantly different from assay background (Table 1 ). F1 plants containing both the hybrid transactivator gene and the activatable reporter gene were generated by cross-pollination and selected on kanamycin. In contrast to plants containing the reporter gene alone, the F1 plants produced very high levels of GUS activity, comparable to those obtained with strong promoters such as CaMV 35S (Table 1 ). Table 1. ⁇ -glucuronidase activity in F1 plants.
  • the invention can be used to investigate gene function, by inducing expression of an antisense gene that specifically inactivates expression of a test gene.
  • the invention is used to drive expression of an antisense gene to eliminate gene function.
  • AdSS has recently been implicated as the target of the potently herbicidal natural product hydantocidin (Cseke et al., 1996; Fonne-Pfister et al., 1996; Siehl et al., 1996).
  • AdSS activity is measured by standard enzymatic assays well known in the art, for example by reacting AdSS enzyme and an AdSS substrate that the AdSS enzyme is capable of catalyzing to a product measurably distinct from the substrate, and measuring the rate of catalytic conversion of substrate to product.
  • the conversion may be measured directly by determining the amount of substrate or product, or both present in the reaction at various times, or indirectly by measuring a label, such as radioactivity, or a color indicator associated with the substrate or the product only.
  • Southern blot analysis reveals that the full-length cDNA used for antisense gene construction here represents a single gene in the Arabidopsis genome.
  • the antisense gene should segregate 1 :1 against a background that always contains the transactivator in the hemizygous state (except in rare contaminants from selfing, which are selected by germination on a selectable marker, such as kanamycin).
  • a selectable marker such as kanamycin
  • pAT52 10 UAS G sites and the minimal 35S promoter (-59 to +1 ) were excised from pGALLuc2 (Goff et al., 1991 ) as an EcoRI-Psfl fragment and inserted into the respective sites of pBluescript, yielding pAT52.
  • pAT66 was constructed with a three-way ligation between the /- /ndlll-Psfl fragment of pAT52, a Psfl-EcoRI fragment of pCIB1716 (containing a 35S untranslated leader, GUS gene, 35S terminator) and H/ ⁇ dlll-EcoRI cut pUC18.
  • the 35S leader of pAT66 was excised with Psfl- ⁇ /col and replaced with a PCR-generated 35S leader extending from +1 to +48 to yield pAT71.
  • pCIB921 contains a dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) plant selectable marker gene inserted in the BamHI site of pCIB710 (Rothstein et al., 1987).
  • the 35S promoter/ dhfr gene cassette of pCIB921 was excised with Xbal-EcoRI and inserted into the respective sites of pCIB730 (Rothstein et al., 1987) to make pAT58.
  • pAT73 was constructed by inserting the EcoRI fragment from pAT71 containing 10 UASg sites/ minimal 35S promoter/ GUS/ 35S terminator into the EcoRI site of pAT58.
  • Plasmid pBS SK+ (Stratagene, LaJolla, CA) was linearized with Sad, treated with mung bean nuclease to remove the Sad site, and re-ligated with T4 ligase to make pJG201.
  • the UASc/CaMV 35S minimal promoter/GUS gene/CaMV terminator cassette was removed from pAT71 with Kpn ⁇ and cloned into the Kpn ⁇ site of pJG201 to make pJG304.
  • pJG304 was partially digested with restriction endonuclease Asp718 to isolate a full-length linear fragment.
  • This fragment was ligated with a molar excess of the oligonucleotide 5' GTA CCT CGA GTC TAG ACT CGA G 3'. Restriction analysis was used to identify a clone with this linker inserted 5' to the site, and this plasmid was designated pJG304 EX/7 ⁇ l.
  • the vector pJG304 ⁇ Xhol was digested with Sad and Nco ⁇ to excise the GUS gene coding sequence.
  • the AdSS PCR fragment was digested with Sad and Nco ⁇ and ligated into pJG304 ⁇ Xhol to make pJG304AntiAdSS.
  • Vector pGPTV (Becker et al., 1992) was digested with EcoRI and HindW to remove the nopaline synthase promoter/GUS cassette. Concurrently, the superlinker was excised from pSE380 (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) with EcoRI and Hindlll and cloned into the EcoRI / HindW linearized pGPTV, to make pJG261.
  • pJG304AntiAdSS was cut with Xho ⁇ to excise the cassette containing the UASQ/35S minimal promoter/antisense AdSS/CaMV terminator fusion.
  • This cassette was ligated into X/7 ⁇ l-digested pJG261 , such that transcription was divergent from that of the bar selectable marker, producing pJG261AntiAdSS.
  • Transgenic plants pJG261AntiAdSS was electro-transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 (pMP90) (Koncz and Schell, 1986), and Arabidopsis plants (ecotype Columbia) were transformed by infiltration (Bechtold et al., 1993) using the resulting strain.
  • Seeds from the infiltrated plants were selected on agar germination medium (Murashige-Skoog salts at 4.3 g/liter, MES at 0.5 g/liter, 1 % sucrose, thiamine at 10 ⁇ g/liter, pyridoxine at 5 ⁇ g/liter, nicotinic acid at 5 ⁇ g/liter, myo-inositol at 1 mg/liter, pH 5.8) containing glufosinate (Basta " ; AgrEvo) at 15 mg/liter.
  • agar germination medium Merashige-Skoog salts at 4.3 g/liter, MES at 0.5 g/liter, 1 % sucrose, thiamine at 10 ⁇ g/liter, pyridoxine at 5 ⁇ g/liter, nicotinic acid at 5 ⁇ g/liter, myo-inositol at 1 mg/liter, pH 5.8
  • glufosinate Basta " ; AgrEvo
  • Arabidopsis root explants (ecotype Nossen) were transformed with pAT53 as described (Valvekens et al., 1988).
  • SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des compositions et procédés provoquant l'expression d'une séquence d'ADN désirée dans une plante transformée stable, exprimant un facteur hybride de transcription et consistant en une fusion du domaine de fixation de l'ADN et du domaine d'activation de transcription, lequel est un effecteur de l'expression des séquences d'ADN désirées régi par un promoteur de synthèse fait de préférence de copies concatémères du site à comportement cis, reconnu par le domaine de fixation de l'ADN du facteur hybride de transcription fusionné en promoteur.
PCT/EP1998/007577 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 Procede et compositions activant les transgenes silencieux WO1999027119A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000522260A JP2001524315A (ja) 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 サイレント導入遺伝子の活性化のために有用な方法及び組成物
AU19639/99A AU745867B2 (en) 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 Method and compositions useful for the activation of silent transgenes
CA002311632A CA2311632A1 (fr) 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 Procede et compositions activant les transgenes silencieux
EP98964437A EP1034284A1 (fr) 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 Procede et compositions activant les transgenes silencieux
BR9815035-9A BR9815035A (pt) 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 Método e composições úteis para a ativação de transgenes inativos.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US97883097A 1997-11-26 1997-11-26
US08/978,830 1997-11-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999027119A1 true WO1999027119A1 (fr) 1999-06-03

Family

ID=25526430

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/007577 WO1999027119A1 (fr) 1997-11-26 1998-11-24 Procede et compositions activant les transgenes silencieux

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1034284A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001524315A (fr)
CN (1) CN1280623A (fr)
AR (1) AR016696A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU745867B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9815035A (fr)
CA (1) CA2311632A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999027119A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA9810771B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001021781A2 (fr) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Center For The Application Of Molecular Biology To International Agriculture Procede de modification associee a un site de l'activite genique et de la structure d'un acide nucleique
WO2001025457A2 (fr) * 1999-10-01 2001-04-12 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Synthetase de gmp (guanosine monophosphate) provenant de vegetaux
WO2001031025A2 (fr) * 1999-10-25 2001-05-03 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Synthase de formylglycinamidinribotide d'origine vegetale
WO2001042447A2 (fr) * 1999-12-13 2001-06-14 Paradigm Genetics, Inc. Promoteurs minimaux modifies
US6331663B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2001-12-18 Paradigm Genetics, Inc. Modified full length promoters
WO2003035882A2 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-01 Syngenta Limited Systeme d'expression
EP1621632A1 (fr) 2004-07-31 2006-02-01 Monsanto Technology, LLC Gènes et leurs utilisations pour une amélioration des plantes
WO2006023869A2 (fr) 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Monsanto Technology Llc Elements regulateurs non codants de gene de proteine de translocateur d'adenylate utilises dans des vegetaux
KR100787843B1 (ko) * 2000-07-17 2007-12-27 비피 케미칼즈 리미티드 지지 중합 촉매

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2864444A1 (fr) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-22 Mice With Horns, Llc Animaux transgeniques ayant des caracteres personnalisables

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0475584A2 (fr) * 1990-09-12 1992-03-18 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Inactivation de la transcription de gènes de plantes utilisant des activateurs modifiés de la transcription
EP0589841A2 (fr) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédés de production de semences hybrides
WO1996019576A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Novartis Ag Synthetase d'adenylosuccinate d'origine vegetale et codage adn correspondant
CA2150039A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-09 Malcolm Bennett Regulation des genes de plantes transgeniques
WO1997030164A1 (fr) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-21 British Technology Group Limited Ameliorations relatives a l'expression de genes
EP0823480A1 (fr) * 1996-08-06 1998-02-11 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Expression contrÔlée de gènes en plantes
WO1998059062A1 (fr) * 1997-06-24 1998-12-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Activation genique specifique par des facteurs de transcription chimeres gal4 dans des plantes transgeniques stables

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0375407B1 (fr) * 1988-12-21 1995-06-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Mécanisme de récupération dans un dispositif d'enregistrement par jet d'encre

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0475584A2 (fr) * 1990-09-12 1992-03-18 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Inactivation de la transcription de gènes de plantes utilisant des activateurs modifiés de la transcription
EP0589841A2 (fr) * 1992-09-24 1994-03-30 Ciba-Geigy Ag Procédés de production de semences hybrides
WO1996019576A1 (fr) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-27 Novartis Ag Synthetase d'adenylosuccinate d'origine vegetale et codage adn correspondant
CA2150039A1 (fr) * 1995-02-08 1996-08-09 Malcolm Bennett Regulation des genes de plantes transgeniques
WO1997030164A1 (fr) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-21 British Technology Group Limited Ameliorations relatives a l'expression de genes
EP0823480A1 (fr) * 1996-08-06 1998-02-11 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Expression contrÔlée de gènes en plantes
WO1998059062A1 (fr) * 1997-06-24 1998-12-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Activation genique specifique par des facteurs de transcription chimeres gal4 dans des plantes transgeniques stables

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GOFF, S.A., ETAL.: "identification of functional domains in the maize transcriptional activator C1: comparison of wild-type and dominant inhibitor proteins", GENES AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 5, 1991, pages 298 - 309, XP002099891 *
GUYER, D., ET AL.: "activation of latent transgenes in Arabidopsis using a hybrid transcription factor", GENETICS, vol. 149, no. 2, June 1998 (1998-06-01), pages 633 - 639, XP002099061 *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001021781A2 (fr) * 1999-09-20 2001-03-29 Center For The Application Of Molecular Biology To International Agriculture Procede de modification associee a un site de l'activite genique et de la structure d'un acide nucleique
WO2001021781A3 (fr) * 1999-09-20 2001-11-22 Ct For The Applic Of Molecular Procede de modification associee a un site de l'activite genique et de la structure d'un acide nucleique
WO2001025457A2 (fr) * 1999-10-01 2001-04-12 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Synthetase de gmp (guanosine monophosphate) provenant de vegetaux
WO2001025457A3 (fr) * 1999-10-01 2001-12-20 Basf Ag Synthetase de gmp (guanosine monophosphate) provenant de vegetaux
WO2001031025A3 (fr) * 1999-10-25 2001-11-29 Basf Ag Synthase de formylglycinamidinribotide d'origine vegetale
WO2001031025A2 (fr) * 1999-10-25 2001-05-03 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Synthase de formylglycinamidinribotide d'origine vegetale
WO2001042447A2 (fr) * 1999-12-13 2001-06-14 Paradigm Genetics, Inc. Promoteurs minimaux modifies
US6331663B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2001-12-18 Paradigm Genetics, Inc. Modified full length promoters
WO2001042447A3 (fr) * 1999-12-13 2001-11-29 Paradigm Genetics Inc Promoteurs minimaux modifies
US6376746B1 (en) 1999-12-13 2002-04-23 Paradigm Genetics, Inc. Modified minimal promoters
KR100787843B1 (ko) * 2000-07-17 2007-12-27 비피 케미칼즈 리미티드 지지 중합 촉매
WO2003035882A2 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-01 Syngenta Limited Systeme d'expression
WO2003035882A3 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-10-30 Syngenta Ltd Systeme d'expression
EP1621632A1 (fr) 2004-07-31 2006-02-01 Monsanto Technology, LLC Gènes et leurs utilisations pour une amélioration des plantes
WO2006023869A2 (fr) 2004-08-24 2006-03-02 Monsanto Technology Llc Elements regulateurs non codants de gene de proteine de translocateur d'adenylate utilises dans des vegetaux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR016696A1 (es) 2001-07-25
AU745867B2 (en) 2002-04-11
CN1280623A (zh) 2001-01-17
JP2001524315A (ja) 2001-12-04
BR9815035A (pt) 2000-10-03
EP1034284A1 (fr) 2000-09-13
CA2311632A1 (fr) 1999-06-03
ZA9810771B (en) 1999-05-26
AU1963999A (en) 1999-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7115798B1 (en) Methods for regulated expression of triats in plants using multiple site-specific recombination systems
Swoboda et al. Intrachromosomal homologous recombination in whole plants.
US6563025B1 (en) Nucleotide sequences encoding anthranilate synthase
KR100278819B1 (ko) 형질전환식물에서웅성불임성을위한가역적핵유전시스템
Frey et al. Excision of the En/Spm transposable element of Zea mays requires two element‐encoded proteins.
US20060021083A1 (en) Promoter, promoter control elements, and combinations, and uses thereof
Guyer et al. Activation of latent transgenes in Arabidopsis using a hybrid transcription factor
US20060260004A1 (en) Par-related protein promoters
EP1368467B1 (fr) Promoteur de la putrescine-n-m thyltransf rase
AU2006200990A1 (en) Site-specific recombination system to manipulate the plastid genome of higher plants
Sidorenko et al. Complex structure of a maize Myb gene promoter: functional analysis in transgenic plants
US5623054A (en) Crucifer AFT proteins and uses thereof
AU745867B2 (en) Method and compositions useful for the activation of silent transgenes
AU5178093A (en) Genetic moderation or restoration of plant phenotypes
US7238854B2 (en) Method of controlling site-specific recombination
US6987179B1 (en) Constitutive plant promoters
AU713340B2 (en) Promoter from tobacco
AU1211600A (en) Methods of suppressing flowering in transgenic plants
US6355864B1 (en) Versatile rpL34 promoter elements and use thereof
US20020056153A1 (en) Epidermal specific regulatory sequence
CA2200496C (fr) Transformation genetique a l'aide d'un inhibiteur de la parp
EP2423316B1 (fr) Procédé pour déterminer la fréquence de la recombinaison meiotique dans les plantes
US20060070142A1 (en) Methods of suppressing flowering in transgenic plants
Sundararaman Analysis of organ-specific gene expression in soybean
Ilioubaev-Omirulleh Genetic Transformation and Functional Promoter Analysis in Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 98811629.4

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CU CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT UA UG US UZ VN YU ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1998964437

Country of ref document: EP

Ref document number: 19639/99

Country of ref document: AU

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2311632

Country of ref document: CA

Ref document number: 2311632

Country of ref document: CA

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1998964437

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 19639/99

Country of ref document: AU

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Ref document number: 1998964437

Country of ref document: EP