Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
  • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
  • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
  • F24H1/406—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes the tubes forming a membrane wall

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hot water boiler, which can be used as a main heat source in building up heat supply network for centralized heating of buildings in big cit ies.
• Hot water boilers are widely known. They consist of a body, supported by a column-like support construction, the active elements of the boiler being mounted in its body. A furnace chamber and a convection shaft are successively mounted upwards in the interior of the boiler. Connecting pipelines are placed in the lower part of the furnace chamber between the water-supply system and the heating surfaces. Sixteen gas and fuel oil burners are fixed on the periphery of the furnace chamber onto the body of the boiler and under the body separate blowers for each burner are placed. In the upper part of the body there are convection plates, formed as two convection packs of smooth pipes, where above the convection plates a duct is mounted for taking away the waste gases to a chimney.
• a heat exchanging shield is disposed between the body and the active part of the boiler.
• the construction of a hot water boiler described is mostly used as a main heat source, which suggests working over long periods of time under substantially constant loading.
• the constructive design of the boiler provides conditions for operating with highly forced furnace chamber, which could lead to incomplete combustion of the fuel, resulting in low efficiency, low reliability in different operation modes - turning on and off, switching for operating from one type of fuel to another, mode of overloading, poor ecological parameters.
• the heat loading of the boiler is a result from the number of the operating burners, where incomplete combustion of the fuel can be observed.
• the non-burned part of the fuel accumulates in the convection packs, leading to possibilities for self-ignition and fires when turning off the boiler.
• the high temperature in the furnace chamber allows for the generation of thermal nitrogenous oxide, which is more than the permitted level when operating with fuel oil or gas.
• the ineffective combustion process influences the operating reliability of the boiler, expressed in burning out, punctures or breaking the gas-impermeable shield lagging, burning out of the first rows of pipes from the lowest convection pack.
• the breaking of the gas-impermeable shield lagging allows for the uncontrollable suction of cold air, lowering further the efficiency of the boiler unit, as well as speeding up the process of low-temperature corrosion of the end heating plates.
• a hot water boiler characterized by enhanced efficiency of the combustion process, operating reliability, and longer lifetime between two repairs, which can be operated in an extreme parameters mode for long periods of time, i.e. it can be used as a main heat source.
• a hot water boiler consisting of a body, in the interior of which a furnace chamber is formed. Burners are mounted on the periphery of the chamber and a heat-exchanging shield is placed between the body and the furnace chamber. Above the furnace chamber a convection shaft is located, the shaft having horizontal convective packs, arranged successively upwards.
• a gas pipe is placed at the upper part of the boiler and a blower is disposed adjacent to the body.
• the heat exchanging shield is constructed from gas-impermeable membrane shielding elements, and the convection packs are at least three and are formed from membrane panels.
• the burners are at least four and are arranged in two levels with an option for adjusting the angle of the nozzle with respect to the horizontal and the vertical axis of the boiler in the range from 0° to 12°.
• the burners in each level are horizontally oriented.
• the burners in each row are arranged in sloping line and are so oriented that opposite a low-lying burner from one row there is a burner from the other row.
• the burners in each level lay on a corrugated curve, passing each other.
• the heating plates are sreamlined according to the arrangement "crossed direct- flow”.
• the heating plates are sreamlined according to the arrangement "crossed counterf low” .
• the hot water boiler according to the present invention can be distinguished by its enhanced efficiency, i.e. effective operating under prolonged overloading because of the efficient combustion process. Due to the proper direction of the gas fuel streams, complete combustion of the fuel is accomplished, resulting in enhancing the capacity of the boiler and lowering the temperature of the waste flue gases with the temperature at about 30°C. The using of interfurnace recirculating of the flue gases favours further the lower production of noxious nitrogenous gases, carbon oxide, ash.
• the efficiency of the hot water boiler is also enhanced by 3-6% due to the membrane panels, constituting the convection packs, as well as due to the membrane shield elements, which significantly enhance the period between two repairs of the boiler unit.
• the boiler is characterized also by enhanced functionality in that it can operate with two kinds of fuel - fuel oil and natural gas, where the necessity of utility installation for operating the boiler with natural gas is avoided because of the reverse of circulation of streamlining the heating plates by the heated fluid according to the arrangements "crossed direct-flow" and “crossed counterf low” , respectively.
• the circulation reverse allows for lowering the temperature of the waste gases by 30°C.
• the construction of the hot water boiler provides enhanced reliability and maintainability as a result from the block- constructed elements used, as well as the enlightened gas- impermeable heat exchanging shield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Figure 1 shows a longitudinal view of a hot water boiler
• Figure 2 shows a transverse cross-section of a hot water boi ler
• Figure 3 shows a furnace chamber designed for using four burners
• Figure 4 shows a furnace chamber designed for using six burners
• Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the fuel particles in furnace chamber with six burners
• Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the fuel particles in furnace chamber with four burners
• Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the combustion process with the burners inclined at an angle less than 10° and a reverse circulation of the heated fluid.
• the hot water boiler subject-matter of the present invention, consists of a body 1, suspended on a column-like support frame 2.
• a furnace chamber 4 is formed in the lower part of the body 1. Burners 5 are movable mounted to the shield 3 near the furnace chamber 4 and can be directed in the furnace chamber along the vertical and horizontal axes of the boiler in the range from 0° to 12°.
• burners 5 there can be at least four burners 5, and in this case they are arranged oppositely in two levels, where the under- lying burner 5 is oriented against an above-lying burner 5 on the opposite side.
• the burners 5 are disposed oppositely in two levels, each containing three burners.
• the burners 5 are preferably arranged along horizontal lines, it is also possible to arrange the burners 5 in sloping lines or in corrugated curves, so that the burners from different levels should cover the opposite sector of the furnace chamber 4.
• a blower 6 Adjacent to the body 1, a blower 6 is mounted for supplying the air required for the combustion process in the furnace chamber 4. If necessary to improve the combustion process, a steam air heater (not shown in the figures) can be connected in series to the blower 6.
• Above the furnace chamber 4 are placed at least three convection packs 7, consisting of thick-walled pipes, connected with a strip.
• a gas pipe 8 for discharging the waste flue gases.
• pipelines 9 are placed for connecting the hot water boiler to the water supply system.
• additional pipeline joints 10 are provided in the furnace chamber 4 between the heating plates.
• the hot water boiler is used as a main heat source in big steam-power stations for heating of water and its supplying to buildings with central heating.
• the hot water boiler operates in that in the furnace chamber 4 the burning of the fuel is carried out with air supply provided by the blower 6. Effective combustion of the fuel is achieved due to a proper directing of the gas streams of the burners 5.
• the burning products release their heat to the heated fluid through the shield 3 and the convection packs 7, whose membrane construction s gnificantly enhances the heat release coefficient.
• the waste flue gases are discharged from the boiler through the gas pipe 8.
• the hot water boiler can operate effectively with two kinds of fuel - fuel oil and natural gas, where the combined burning is preferred to be avoided. Because of the additional joints provided between the heating plates, the direction of their streamlining can be reversed. When operating with fuel oil, the streamlining of the heating plates is carried out according to the arrangement "crossed direct-flow" and when operating with natural gas - according to the arrangement “crossed counterf low” . Thus, the necessity of using utility installation when operating with gas, as well as operating the boiler unit in the range of low-temperature corrosion, are avoided.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
• Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=3927240

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (1)

Citations (5)

• 1997
  • 1997-09-23 BG BG101905A patent/BG63581B1/bg unknown
• 1998
  • 1998-09-23 MD MD99-0200A patent/MD990200A/ro unknown
  • 1998-09-23 HU HU0002726A patent/HUP0002726A3/hu unknown
  • 1998-09-23 WO PCT/BG1998/000014 patent/WO1999015840A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1998-09-23 EE EEP199900203A patent/EE04322B1/et not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1998-09-23 UA UA99052916A patent/UA45473C2/uk unknown
• 1999
  • 1999-05-20 FI FI991149A patent/FI991149A/fi unknown
  • 1999-06-18 LT LT99-073A patent/LT4608B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-06-22 LV LVP-99-105A patent/LV12393B/en unknown

Patent Citations (5)

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