LV12393B

LV12393B - Hot water boiler

Info

Publication number: LV12393B
Application number: LVP-99-105A
Authority: LV
Inventors: Vassil Iordanov Petrov; Evgenia Tzakova Ruseva; Lilyana Dimitrova Naidenova; Kolio Todorov Doynov
Original assignee: Toplofikacia Sofia, Ltd.; Atticus Services
Priority date: 1997-09-23
Filing date: 1999-06-22
Publication date: 2000-04-20
Also published as: HUP0002726A2; FI991149A; BG101905A; UA45473C2; EE04322B1; HUP0002726A3; FI991149A0; MD990200A; WO1999015840A1; BG63581B1; LT99073A; LV12393A; EE9900203A; LT4608B

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hot water boiler, which can be utilized as a main heat source in building up heat supply network for centralized heating. The construction of the hot water boiler provides effective combustion using two kinds of fuel-fuel oil and natural gas. The amount of noxious wastes discharged in the atmosphere is reduced and the operating reliability is enhanced. The boiler, subject-matter of the invention, consists of a body (1), in which a furnace chamber (4) and convection shaft (7) are placed. Between the body (1) and said elements a heat-exchanging shield (3), constructed by gas-impermeable membrane elements, is disposed. In the furnace chamber (4), burners (5) are mounted in two levels, where the angle of the burners (5) with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of the boiler is adjustable. At least three convection packs (7) are disposed above the furnace chamber (4).

Description

LV 12393

HOT WATER BOILER

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a hot water boiler, which can be used as a main heat source in building up heat supply network for centralized heating of building in big cities.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hot water boilers are widely known. They consist of a body, supported by a column-like support construction, the active elements of the boilers being mounted in its body. A furnace chamber and a convection shaft are successively mounted upwards in the interior of the boiler. Connecting pipelines are placed in the lower part of the furnace chamber between the water-supply system and the heating surfaces. Sixteen gas and fuel oil burners are fixed on the periphery of the furnace chamber onto the body of the boiler and under the body separate blowers for each burner are placed. In the upper part of the body there are convection plates, formed as two convection packs of smooth pipes, where above the convection plates a duct is mounted for taking away the waste gases to a chimney. A heat exchanging shield is disposed between the body and the active part of the boiler. The construction of a hot water boiler described is mostly used as a main heat source, which suggests working over long periods of time under substantially constant loading.

The constructive design of the boiler provides conditions for operating with highly forced furnace chamber, which could lead to incomplete combustion of the fuel, resulting in low efficiency, low reliability in different operation modes - turning on and off, 2 switching for operating from one type of fuel to another, mode of overloading, poor ecological parameters.

The heat loading of the boiler is a result from the number of the operating burners, where incomplete combustion of the fuel can be observed. The non-burned part of the fuel accumulates in the convection packs, leading to possibilities for self-ignition and fires when turning off the boiler. At the same time the high temperature in the furnace chamber allows for the generation of thermal nitrogenous oxide, which is more than the permitted Ievel when operating with fuel oil or gas.

The ineffective combustion process influences the operating reliability of the boiler, expressed in burning out, puncturēs or breaking the gas-impermeable shield lagging, burning out of the first rows of pipes from the lowest convection pack. The breaking of the gas-impermeable shield lagging allows for the uncontrollable suction of cold air, lowering further the efficiency of the boiler unit, as well as speeding up the process of low-temperature corrosion of the end heating plates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Taking into account the above mentioned disadvantages, it is an object of the present invention to provide a hot water boiler, characterized by enhanced efficiency of the combustion process, operating reliability, and longer life-time between two repairs, which can be operated in an extreme parameters mode for long periods of time, i.e. it can be used as a main heat source.

This problem is solved by a hot water boiler consisting of a body, in the interior of which a furnace 3 3LV 12393 chamber is formed. Burners are mounted on the periphery of the chamber and a heat-exchanging shield is placed between the body and the furnace chamber. Above the furnace chamber a convection shaft is located, the shaft having horizontal convective packs, arranged successively upwards. A gas pipe is placed at the upper part of the boiler and a blower is disposed adjacent to the body.

According to the present invention the heat exchanging shield is constructed from gas-impermeable membrane shielding elements, and the convection packs are at least three and are formed from membrane panels. The burners are at least four and are arranged in two Ievels with an option for adjusting the angle of the nozzle with respect to the horizontal and the vertical axis of the boiler in the range from 0° to 12°.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the burners are six and are placed on opposite sides in two Ievels, where the lower row is disposed at a height of h = 1/3 Hfc (Hfc - the height of the furnace chamber) and the upper row - at a height of h = 1/2 Hfc.

According to another embodiment the burners in each Ievel are horizontally oriented.

According to stili another embodiment the burners in each row are arranged in sloping line and are so oriented that opposite a low-lying burner from one row there is a burner from the other row.

According to another version of the invention the burners in each Ievel lay on a corrugated curve, passing each other.

According to another embodiment of the invention when the boiler operates with fuel oil, the heating plates are streamlined according to the arrangement "crossed direct-flow".

According to stili another embodiment of the invention when the boiler operates with natūrai gas, the 4 heating plates are streamlined according to the arrangement "crossed counterflow".

The hot water boiler according to the present invention can be distinguished by its enhanced efficiency, i.e. effective operating under prolonged overloading because of the efficient combustion process. Due to the proper direction of the gas fuel streams, complete combustion of the fuel is accomplished, resulting in enhancing the capacity of the boiler and lowering the temperature of the waste flue gases with the temperature at about 3 0°C. The using of interfurnace recirculating of the flue gases favours further the lower production of noxious nitrogenous gases, carbon oxide, ash.

The efficiency of the hot water boiler is also enhanced by 3-6 % due to the membrane panels, constituting the convection packs, as well as due to the membrane shield elements, which significantly enhance the period between two repairs of the boiler unit. The boiler is characterized also by enhanced functionality in that it can operate with two kinds of fuel - fuel oil and natūrai gas, where the necessity of utility installation for operating the boiler with natūrai gas is avoided because of the reverse of circulation of streamlining the heating plates by the heated fluid according to the arrangements "crossed direct-flow" and "crossed counterflow", respectively. The circulation reverse allows for lowering the temperature of the waste gases by 30°C. The construction of the hot water boiler provides enhanced reliability and maintainability as a result from the block-constructed elements used, as well as the enlightened gas-impermeable heat exchanging shield. 5 5LV 12393

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further in the description will be described an exemplary embodiment of the hot water boiler according to the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:

Figurē 1 shows a longitudinal view of a hot water boiler;

Figurē 2 shows a transverse cross-section of a hot water boiler;

Figurē 3 shows a furnace chamber designed for using four burners;

Figurē 4 shows a furnace chamber designed for using six burners;

Figurē 5 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the fuel pārticies in furnace chamber with six burners;

Figurē 6 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the fuel pārticies in furnace chamber w±th four burners;

Figurē 7 is a schematic diagram of the combustion process with the burners inclined at an angle less than 10° and a reverse circulation of the heated fluid.

EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The hot water boiler, subject-matter of the present invention, consists of a body 1, suspended on a column-like support frame 2. A heat-exchanging shield 3, constituted by gas-impermeable membrane panels, is placed on the inner surface of the body 1. A furnace chamber 4 is formed in the lower part of the body 1. Burners 5 are movable mounted to the shield 3 near the furnace chamber 4 and can be directed in the furnace chamber along the vertical and horizontal axes of the boiler in the range from 0° to 12°.

There can be at least four burners 5, and in this case they are arranged oppositely in two Ievels, where 6 the under-lying burner 5 is oriented against an above-lying burner 5 on the opposite side. When using six burners 5, they are disposed oppositely in two Ievels, each containing three burners. In this case the burners 5 are preferably arranged along horizontal lines. It is also possible to arrange the burners 5 in sloping lines or in corrugated curves, so that the burners from different Ievels should cover the opposite sector of the furnace chamber 4. Adjacent to the body 1, a blower 6 is mounted for supplying the air required for the combustion process in the furnace chamber 4. If necessary to improve the combustion process, a steam air heater (not shown in the figurēs) can be connected in series to the blower 6. Above the furnace chamber 4 are placed at least three convection packs 7, consisting of thick-walled pipes, connected with a strip. In the upper part of the body 1 above the convection packs 7 there is a gas pipe 8 for discharging the waste flue gases.

Outside the body 1 pipelines 9 are placed for connecting the hot water boiler to the water supply system. In the furnace chamber 4 between the heating plates there are provided additional pipeline joints 10.

USE OF THE INVENTION

As it was stated, the hot water boiler is used as a main heat source in big steam-power stations for heating of water and its supplying to buildings with Central heating.

The hot water boiler operates in that in the furnace chamber 4 the burning of the fuel is carried out with air supply provided by the blower 6. Effective combustion of the fuel is achieved due to a proper direction of the gas streams of the burners 5. The burning products release their heat to the heated fluid through the shield 3 and the convection packs 7, whose 7 7LV 12393 membrane construction significantly enhances the heat release coefficient. The waste flue gases are discharged f rom the boiler through the gas pipe 8.

Thanks to the possibility for recirculating of the 5 heated fluid when the boiler operates with gas, the temperature of the flue gases is lowered by 30°. At the same time the amount of generated and discharged nitrogenous gases is reduced, which is achieved by interfurnace recirculating of the burners 5. 10 The hot water boiler can operate effectively with two kinds of fuel - fuel oil and natūrai gas, where the combined. burning is preferred to be avoided. Because of the additional joints provided between the heating plates, the direction of their streamlining can be 15 reversed. When operating with fuel oil, the streamlining of the heating plates is carried out according to the arrangement "crossed direct-flow" and when operating with natūrai gas - according to the arrangement "crossed counterflow". Thus, the necessity of using 20 utility installation when operating with gas, as well as operating the boiler unit in the range of low-temperature corrosion, are avoided. 8 8LV 12393

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Hot water boiler, consisting of a body, suspended on a column-like support construction and in the interior of the body a furnace chamber and a convection shaft are formed, where between the body and the furnace chamber a heat-exchanging shield is placed, onto which burners are mounted, where in the convection shaft horizontal convection packs are upwardly disposed, above which a gas pipe is formed, characterized in that the heat-exchanging shield (3) is constructed by gas-impermeable membrane elements, and there are at least three convection packs (7) being constructed by membrane panels, and the burners (5) are at least four and are oppositely disposed in two Ievels with an option for adjusting the angle of the nozzle with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of the boiler in the range from 0° to 12° and between the heating plates there are provided additional pipeline joints (10). 2. Hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the burners (5) are six and are disposed oppositely in two Ievels, where the lower row is disposed at a height of h = 1/3 Hfc and the upper row - at a height of h = 1/2 Hfc. 3. Hot water boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the burners (5) in each Ievel are arranged in a horizontal line. 4. Hot water boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the burners (5) are arranged in sloping lines, oriented so that opposite a low-lying burner (5) from one row there is a burner (5) from the other row. 9 5. Hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that when the boiler operates with fuel oil, the heating plates are streamlined according to the arrangement "crossed direct-flow" by switching the 5 additional joints (10). 6. Hot water boiler, characterized in that when the boiler operates with natūrai gas, the heating plates are streamlined according to the arrangement "crossed 10 counterflow". 10 10LV 12393

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a hot water boiler, which can be utilized as a main heat source in building 5 up heat supply network for centralized heating. The construction of the hot water boiler provides effective combustion using two kinds of fuel - fuel oil and natūrai gas. The amount of noxious wastes discharged in the atmosphere is reduced and the operating reliability 10 is enhanced. The boiler, subj ect-matter of the invention, consists of a body (1), in which a furnace chamber (4) and convection shaft (7) are placed. Between the body (1) and said elements a heat-exchanging shield (3), constructed by gas-impermeable membrane elements, 15 is disposed. In the furnace chamber (4) , bumers (5) are mounted in two Ievels, where the angle of the burners (5) with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of the boiler is adjustable. At least three convection packs (7) are disposed above the furnace chamber (4). 20

Claims

EN 12393 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 1. A water heating boiler consisting of a housing suspended in a columnar support structure and a furnace chamber and a 5 convection shaft inside the housing, and a heat exchanger screen on which the burners are mounted is placed between the housing and the furnace chamber. furthermore, convection packs are arranged horizontally on top of each other in the convection shaft above which a gas pipeline is formed, characterized in that the heat exchanger screen (3) is made of gas-tight membrane elements and has at least three convection packets (7). formed of membrane panels and having at least four burners (5) and placed at two levels with the possibility of adjusting the angle of the nozzle with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of the boiler between 0 ° and 12 ° and additional pipeline connections between the heating plates ( 10). 15

2. A water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the burners (5) are six and positioned at two levels, the lower row being placed at a height h = 1/3 Hfc (furnace chamber height) and the top row at h = 1/2 Hfc. 20

3. A water heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the burners (5) are arranged in a horizontal row at each level.

4. A water heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the burners 25 (5) are arranged in oblique rows, oriented so that the burner (5) from the other row is placed from one row in front of the bottom row burner (5).

5. A water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that when the boiler is operated by liquid fuel, the heating plates are washed 30 according to the system of "cross-direct flow" by switching on additional connections (10).

6. A water heating boiler, characterized in that when the boiler operates with natural gas, the heating plates are flushed according to the system of "cross-flow 35".