RU38040U1 - WATER BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

A water boiler containing a heat exchange part made of steel pipes and consisting of a radiation part separated from the convection radiation, which is a structure of the front left and right, side, rear and ceiling screens made of straight pipes welded in one or two rows, staggered, between the input and output collectors - pipes of a larger diameter, the screens of the radiation part are separate elements connected by welding the collectors at a right angle to the input to the input - the next one heating medium, the rear screen together with the ceiling screen forms the rear-ceiling surface, made in the form of a single L-shaped unit located in two mutually perpendicular planes - vertical and horizontal, in the lining, in the upper part between the front screens a repair hole is arranged, and behind the side screens, convective flues are arranged, separated by a transfer wall from the combustion chamber, under the convective flues, outlet flues are located, in convective flues there is a The objective part of the boiler, including left and right economizers, each of collectors - large diameter pipes, which are stitched in a checkerboard pattern, no more than three longitudinal rows, small diameter pipes, economizers are installed in convective flues by heating planes vertically or at an angle to vertical, radiation screens and economizers of the convective parts are interconnected within the boiler wiring by welding directly the collectors at a right angle to the output to the input - the next one

Description

WATER BOILER

The utility model relates to hot water boilers designed for boiler houses of a centralized heating and hot water supply system, housing and communal services, and administrative and production facilities.

Known steel sectional boiler HP-18 Volikov A.N. Burning gas and liquid fuels in low-power boilers. L .: "Nedra, 1989; Poretsky L.Ya. et al. Handbook of the operator of gasified boiler houses. L .: “Nedra, 1988, the heat exchange part of which is a construction of two packages having the same number of sections, consisting of three vertically arranged pipes, welded to pipes of the same diameter at the top and bottom and, further, to collectors - pipes of large diameter, laid along the boiler bottom and top. The inner row of pipe tubes facing the firebox, forming side (radiation) screens, is separated by a fireclay (brick) transshipment wall from the other two rows, which are convective surfaces. The boiler is equipped with fuel burning devices placed from the front of the boiler (burner, nozzle) or in the hearth (burner). The lining is made of refractory and heat-insulating materials. The boiler is equipped with two chimneys to the right and left below under convective surfaces, a repair hole from the front above the fuel-burning devices or on the rear wall, an explosive (safety) valve of bursting or folding action, located in the ceiling part or on the back wall together with the repair hole. At the water (coolant) inlet to the boiler, before splitting into two streams entering the lower collectors of the bags and the outlet, after combining the two streams leaving the upper collectors, shutoff valves (two valves) are installed.

The disadvantage of the described boiler design is the low efficiency - up to 83% Poretsky L.Ya. et al. Handbook of the operator of gasified boiler houses. L .: “Nedra, 1988 due to insufficient shielding of the furnace (front and rear screens are absent), longitudinal flue gas washing of convective pipes and the low velocity of these gases in the convective duct, in which convective surfaces are located, and also because of the low water velocity through section pipes, which leads to intensive scale deposition on the inner surface of the pipes. In addition, this design does not allow the repair of convective surfaces at the installation site of the boiler during an emergency stop, and the large number of oblique pipe joints also makes it difficult to manufacture.

Also known is the patent RU2133406 boiler, the design of which includes a heat exchange part made of pipes and consisting of a front, left and right, side and ceiling screens made of straight pipes welded between the input and output headers separated from the convective radiation part , into which the partitions are inserted, in the wiring, from the two sides of the boiler, behind the side screens, convective flues are arranged, separated from the combustion chamber by the main transshipment walls, and under Injective flues - the main chimneys.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the insufficient degree of heat removal of the convective part (low speed of flue gas washing of the tubes of the screens), a large number of water transfers from the screen to the screen outside the boiler limits both the complexity of the design and the decrease in efficiency, and the additional installation of a two-color screen limits the use of traditional fuel burning devices (nozzles).

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Closest to the proposed utility model (prototype) is the patent RU2213307 hot water boiler, which contains a heat exchange part made of steel pipes and consisting of a radiation part separated from the convection, which is a structure of the front left and right, side, ceiling, hearth and rear screens, made of straight pipes welded in one or two rows (staggered) between the inlet and outlet manifolds - pipes of a larger diameter, into which units with round dividing burnouts are inserted dams, the free ends of the collectors are sealed with plugs. In the lining, from the two sides of the boiler, behind the side screens, convective flues are arranged, separated from the combustion chamber by the main transshipment walls, and under convective flues - the main chimneys. Behind the rear screen of the boiler, in the installation, bypass chimneys are equipped.

The screens of the radiation part are separate elements interconnected within the combustion chamber by welding the collectors at a right angle to the output to the input - the next along the coolant, and the hearth screen forms a single L-shaped mounting unit with front screens. The convective part of the boiler includes left and right economizers, located on the sides in convective flues and each of them consists of large diameter semi-pipes collectors with pipes of a smaller diameter welded between them in a checkerboard pattern (multi-row) and placed perpendicular to the movement of flue gases. Economizers are installed in convective flues by heating planes vertically.

The screens of the radiation part are connected with the economizers of the convective part outside the limits of the boiler lining with a transfer pipe.

A fuel-burning device with a repair hole above it is also installed between the front screens, and explosive valves are mounted on the ceiling part, in the wiring.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the comparative complexity of maintenance with frequent switching of boiler operation modes.

The objective of the utility model is to create an economical steel hot water boiler of conventional dimensions, with a heating capacity of up to 1.2 MW when burning gaseous, liquid and solid fuels to produce hot water (coolant) with a temperature up to and pressure up to 0.6 MPa, operating both on natural and and artificial (with a smoke exhaust) traction, for the manufacture of which traditional materials and simple technology would be used, installation would be carried out both in a fully assembled and in sectional versions, and repair at the installation site og forces would be made operational organizations, would be easy to maintain.

The problem is solved with the help of a hot water boiler containing a heat exchange part made of steel pipes and consisting of a part separated from the convective radiation part, which is a structure of the front left and right, side, rear and ceiling screens made of straight pipes welded into one or two rows, staggered, between the input and output collectors - pipes of a larger diameter, the screens of the radiation part - individual elements interconnected by welding the collectors at right angles one to the input - the next along the movement of the coolant, the rear screen together with the ceiling screen forms a rear-ceiling surface made in the form of a single L-shaped unit, located in two mutually perpendicular planes - vertical and horizontal, in the lining, in the upper part between the frontal screens are equipped with a repair manhole, and behind the side screens, convective flues are arranged, separated from the furnace

chambers with transshipment walls, outlet chimneys are located under convective flues, convective flues of the boiler are located in convective flues, including left and right economizers, each of which are collectors of large diameter pipes, which are welded in a checkerboard pattern, no more than three longitudinal rows, small pipes diameter, economizers are installed in convective flues by heating planes vertically, or at an angle to the vertical, radiation screens and economizers of convective parts are connected to I am waiting for myself, within the boiler wiring, by welding directly the collectors at a right angle of the outlet to the input - the next along the flow of the coolant or transition pipes between the indicated collectors, dividing partitions are inserted into the collectors of screens and economizers, the arrangement of which varies along the length of each collector, the free ends of the collectors are welded with plugs , plugs and dividing walls - round, under the inner diameter of the collectors, a fuel burning device is located between explosive valves are mounted on the front screens or in the hearth of the combustion chamber, on the ceiling, in the lining, and a condensate drain device or ash collector is located in the lower part of the convective flues, under the economizers.

Figure 1 shows a general view (front) of a boiler, figure 2 shows a general view (side) of a boiler, figure 3 shows a general view (top) of a boiler, figure 4 shows the installation of partitions and plugs in one of the boiler screens.

The heat exchange part of the boiler 1 (Fig. 1,2,3) consists of radiation 2 and convective 3 parts.

The radiation part 2 of boiler 1 includes the following heating surfaces (screens): left front 4 and right front 5 screens, left side 6 and right side 7 screens, rear potting surface 8. All these heating surfaces are separate elements consisting of each from collectors - pipes with a diameter of 102-159 mm (depending on the heat output of the boiler) and welded between them with a pitch of (1,2 - l, 5) di in one or two rows (staggered) of straight pipes 9 with a diameter of 50-76 mm (di )

The left front screen 4 consists of pipes 9, welded between the upper left collector 10 and the lower left collector 11, and is welded at right angles to the upper left collector 10 to the upper part of the front collector 12 of the left economizer 13 of the convective part 3, and the lower left collector And to the lower to the collector 14 of the left side screen 6. The right front screen 5 consists of pipes 9 welded between the upper right manifold 15 and the lower right manifold 16, and is welded at right angles to the upper right manifold 15 to the upper part of the front manifold RA 17 of the right economizer 18 of the convective part 3, and the lower right collector 16 to the lower collector 19 of the right side screen 7. The left side screen 6 consists of pipes 9 welded between the upper collector 20 and the lower manifold 14. The right side screen 7 consists of pipes 9 welded between the upper manifold 21 and the lower manifold 19.

The rear-ceiling surface 8 is made in the form of a single L-shaped mounting unit located in two mutually perpendicular planes vertical and horizontal, and consists of pipes 9 welded between the lower 22 and upper 23 of the rear screen 24 collectors, between the upper collector 23 of the rear screen 24 and the front collector 25 of the ceiling screen 26. Moreover, with single-row placement of pipes 9 in the rear-ceiling surface 8, the holes in the upper collector 23 of the rear 24 and ceiling screens 26 are placed with an offset of 0.5 steps. The rear-ceiling surface 8 is welded at right angles to the left of the lower collector 22 of the rear screen 24 to the rear of the lower collector 14 of the left

the side screen 6, and the right side of the lower collector 22 of the rear screen 24 to the rear of the lower collector 19 of the right side screen 7.

The screens of the radiation part 2 cover most of the thin chamber 27, leaving room for the installation of a burner 28: in the middle part of the front of the boiler - the burner (nozzle) and repair hole 29, or in the lower part (above the bottom 30) - the hearth burner (for gaseous fuel ), or grate (for solid tonliv).

Convective part 3 includes left 13 and right 18 economizers installed on the sides of the boiler. Each economizer consists of two collectors: left - front 12 and rear 31, right - front 17 and rear 32 pipes with a diameter of 114-219 mm (depending on the heat output of the boiler), which are welded in a checkerboard pattern with a step (1.3 - I 5) d2 in two or three rows, straight pipes 33 with a diameter of 28-50 mm (d2).

Economizers 13 and 18 are installed in convective flues by heating planes vertically, or at an angle to the vertical, observing the horizontal arrangement of pipes 33.

In the collectors 14,19 - 21 and 12,17, 31, 32 before welding the pipes 9 and 33 are inserted flat round dividing partitions 34 (figure 4). The free ends of the collectors are welded with ordinary flat round caps 35.

The mounting unit of the heat exchange part of the boiler includes two nozzles 36 for entering the heat carrier into the boiler, introduced into the lower parts of the rear headers 31, 32 of economizers 13, 18 and an outlet pipe 37 at the outlet of the heat carrier from the boiler, welded from the front to the middle of the front collector 25 of the ceiling screen 26.

The lining 38 of the boiler 1 can be performed in both ordinary (brick) and lightweight, using materials with high thermal characteristics, options. On the two sides, behind the left 6 and right 7 side shields, along the combustion chamber 27 are laid out of refractory material to a certain height, respectively, the left 39 and right 40 transfer walls, forming together with the side walls 41 of the wiring 38 convective flues 42 with them economizers 13 and 18, under which the chimneys 43 leaving the boiler are located.

 On the upper part of the wiring 38, explosive valves of bursting or folding action are installed: the main 44 - above the thin chamber 27 and two additional 45 (depending on the heat output of the boiler) - above convective flues.

In the lower part of the convective gas duct 42 under the left 13 and right 18 economizers, a condensate drain device is arranged in the form of a pallet 46 made of corrosion-resistant material and inclined at a small angle towards the drain pipe 47 - a pipe of small diameter, straight or V-shaped.

The design of the hot water boiler provides for the usual equipment with burner-burning devices (burners, nozzles, grates), automation, shut-off (inlet and outlet) and control valves, headsets, drainage and air pipes.

The operation of the hot water boiler involves both natural and artificial (with a smoke exhaust) draft, and occurs as follows: the return network water (coolant) from the heat consumers through the boiler collector is fed through a shut-off device and is simultaneously divided into two streams, through the inlet pipes 36 to the input boiler 1 (figure 1) in the lower part of the rear manifolds 31 and 32 of economizers 13 and 18, economizers passes through pipes 33 in several horizontal strokes organized by dividing walls 34, leaves

the upper part of the front collectors 12 and 17 of the economizers 13 and 18, and enters the upper collectors 10 and 15 of the left 4 and right 5 front screens, respectively, passes them through pipes 9 in one lowering stroke and exits through the lower collectors 11 and 16 to the front of the lower collectors 14 and 19 of the left 6 and right 7 side shields, the side shields pass through the pipes 9 into several lifting and lowering passages organized by dividing walls 34, and exit through the back of the lower 14 and 19 collectors of the side shields 6 and 7, respectively, to the left and right parts the lower collector 22 of the rear screen 24, when connected, rises in a single stream through the pipes 9 of the rear screen and through the intermediate upper collector 23 enters the ceiling screen 26, passes through the pipes 9 in one joint stroke and through the front manifold 25, the outlet pipe 37 and the shut-off the device enters the collector of direct boiler water.

To increase the efficiency and provide the necessary thermal-hydraulic regime, a series-parallel passage of water along the heating surfaces is organized, which is provided by the installation of dividing walls 34 in the collectors 14, 19-21 of the side screens 6, 7 and 12, 17, 31, 32 of the economizers 13, 18. Moreover , dividing partitions 34 are placed in compliance with the required optimal flow rates under the condition of the temperature regime, depending on the nature of the movement of the coolant (water) through pipes 9 and 33: lowering, lifting or horizontal.

The combustion products (flue gases) from the combustion chamber 27, rising, are divided into two streams, cross the upper part of the pipes 9 of the left 6 and right 7 side shields, pass horizontally above the left 39 and right 40 transshipment walls, fall along convective flues 42, crossing under the right angle of the pipe 33 of the left 13 and the right 18 of the economizers and through the chimneys 43 enter the prefabricated chimney of the boiler room and then through the smoke exhaust (s), or directly into the chimney.

Condensate formed during continuous operation at low load drains from the pipes 33 of the left 13 and right 18 economizers, accumulates in the pallets 46 of the condensate drain device and periodically, when using the direct, or continuously, using the V-shaped drain pipe 47, is discharged outside the boiler. Pallet 46 can carry the function of an ash pan when burning solid fuel.

Thus, the use of such a hot water boiler allows one to have a rather high KPD, significantly reduce manufacturing costs and facilitate repair, and executed in different sizes, depending on the required heat loss; it can be used in almost all soups small and medium boiler rooms; centralized heating and hot water supply during the combustion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels.

Claims (1)

A water boiler containing a heat exchange part made of steel pipes and consisting of a radiation part separated from the convection radiation, which is a structure of the front left and right, side, rear and ceiling screens made of straight pipes welded in one or two rows, staggered, between the input and output collectors - pipes of a larger diameter, the screens of the radiation part are separate elements connected by welding the collectors at a right angle to the input to the input - the next one heating medium, the rear screen together with the ceiling screen forms the rear-ceiling surface, made in the form of a single L-shaped unit located in two mutually perpendicular planes - vertical and horizontal, in the lining, in the upper part between the front screens a repair hole is arranged, and behind the side screens, convective flues are arranged, separated by a transfer wall from the combustion chamber, under the convective flues, outlet flues are located, in convective flues there is a The objective part of the boiler, including left and right economizers, each of collectors - large diameter pipes, which are stitched in a checkerboard pattern, no more than three longitudinal rows, small diameter pipes, economizers are installed in convective flues by heating planes vertically or at an angle to vertical, radiation screens and economizers of the convective parts are interconnected within the boiler wiring by welding directly the collectors at a right angle to the output to the input - the next one moving fluid or adapter pipes between the indicated collectors, separating partitions are inserted into the collectors of screens and economizers, the arrangement of which varies along the length of each collector, the free ends of the collectors are welded with plugs, plugs and separating partitions are round, under the inner diameter of the collectors, the fuel-burning device is located between the front screens or explosive valves are mounted in the hearth of the combustion chamber, on the ceiling, in the lining, and in the bottom Asti convective flues under economizers located kondensatootvodyaschee device or zolosbornik.