LT4608B - Hot water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hot water boiler, which can be utilized as a main heat source in building up heat supply network for centralized heating. The construction of the hot water boiler provides effective combustion using two kinds of fuel - fuel oil and natural gas. The amount of noxious wastes discharged in the atmosphere is reduced and the operating reliability is enhanced. The boiler, subject-matter of the invention, consists of a body (1), in which a furnace chamber (4) and convection shaft (7) are placed. Between the body (1) and said elements a heat-exchanging shield (3), constructed by gas-impermeable membrane elements, is disposed. In the furnace chamber (4), burners (5) are mounted in two levels, where the angle of the burners (5) with respect to the horizontal and vertical axes of the boiler is adjustable. At least three convection packs (7) are disposed above the furnace chamber (4).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a central heating device, namely a water heating boiler, which can be used as a main heat source; installing heat networks to heat buildings in large cities.

Description of the Related Art

Water heating boilers are known. The most appropriate bibliographic sources are: (1) French patent no. 1 160 270/1958; (2) French patent no. 1 370 315 1964; (3) German patent no. 3,930,037/1990; (4) U.S. Pat. 5,461,990/1995; (5) U.S. Pat. 4,525,139/1995; These boilers consist of a shell hung on the column supports and active boiler elements mounted on it. Inside the boiler, a combustion chamber and a convection shaft are arranged from the bottom up. At the bottom of the combustion chamber are pipes connecting the water supply to the heating surfaces. Sixteen gas and fuel oil burners are mounted on the periphery of the combustion chamber, and below the housing are fans individually for each burner. Inside the case, the upper part has convection surfaces formed as two convection bundles consisting of smooth tubes. Above the convection packets is a channel to divert gas waste into the stack.

A heat exchanger screen is placed between the housing and the active part of the boiler. The boiler design described above is mainly used as the main source of heat, which can operate for a long time with a substantially constant load.

The design of the boiler allows the operation of very powerful combustion chambers, which promotes incomplete combustion, resulting in low boiler efficiency, unreliable operation, starting and stopping the boiler in various operating modes, switching to another fuel type, load switching - and poor ecological parameters.

The thermal load of the boiler depends on the number of burners in operation, where insufficient combustion of fuel is observed. The unburned part of the fuel accumulates in convection packages, which creates prerequisites for auto ignition and fire when the boiler is switched off. In parallel, high temperatures in the combustion chamber encourage the formation of thermal oxides of nitrogen in quantities greater than those permitted when using gaseous or liquid fuels.

An inefficient combustion process affects the operational reliability of the boiler as it can burn, crack, gas-shield, and bundle pipes in convection packages. The dismantling of the gas-tight screen prevents the control of cold air intake, which further reduces the boiler efficiency and accelerates the low temperature corrosion process on the most heated surfaces.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the foregoing drawbacks, the object of the present invention is to provide a boiler for water heating, which is distinguished by increased combustion efficiency, operational reliability and longer inter-repair period, allowing long-term operation at maximum loads, e.g. as the primary source of heat.

This problem is solved by a water heating boiler consisting of a housing with an internal combustion chamber. Burners are installed on the outside of the combustion chamber and a heat exchanger screen is placed between the housing and the combustion chamber. Above the combustion chamber there is a convection shaft consisting of convection packages placed horizontally above each other.

There is a gas pipe in the upper part of the boiler and a fan next to the body.

According to the present invention, the heat exchanger screen is constructed of gas-impermeable membrane shielding elements and at least three convection packages are filled from membrane panels. At least four burners are arranged in two levels with the ability to adjust the angle of rotation of the burner inlet to the boiler vertical or horizontal axis from 0 'to 12'.

According to the best embodiment of the invention there are six burners which are arranged opposite each other in two levels such that the lower row of burners is at height h = 1/3 Hfc (where Hfc is the height of the combustion chamber) and the upper row of burners is at height h = 12 Hfc.

In another embodiment of the invention, the burners are arranged horizontally at each level.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the burners are inclined at each level and oriented as follows. that the lower level burner is in front of another higher level burner.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the burners at each level are arranged in a wavy line and are inclined relative to one another.

According to another embodiment of the invention, when the boiler is fired with fuel oil, the flow of the heating surfaces is carried out according to the scheme "direct cross-flow".

According to another embodiment of the invention, when the boiler is fired with natural gas, the flow of the heating surfaces is effected according to the scheme of cross-flow.

According to the invention, the water heating boiler is distinguished by increased efficiency, i.e., it can operate for a long time with an increased efficiency factor, because the fuel burns efficiently. Due to the proper direction of the combustion gases, full fuel combustion occurs, which increases boiler output and reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas by about 30'C. The application of internal recirculation to the combustion gases allows to further reduce the amount of harmful impurities - nitrogen, carbon monoxide, ash.

The efficiency of the water heating boiler is also increased by 3-6% thanks to the membrane panels, which are made of convection packages, and thanks to the shielding membrane elements, which significantly prolongs the period of repair of the boiler unit. The boiler is also distinguished by the increased functionality, because you can use two lynx fuel - fuel oil and natural gas, in addition to changing the heated surface drag direction under the scheme "cross-direct current ^'- and cross back-flow is prevented additional utilizacinių equipment that are necessary, when the boiler is fired with natural gas. Changing the flow direction reduces the temperature of the gaseous waste by 30 ° C. The construction of the water heating boiler is much more reliable and easy to repair thanks to the block-shaped construction elements, as well as the lightweight, gas-tight heat exchanger screens.

Brief description of the drawings

The following description of the water heating boiler according to the invention is illustrated in the drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 - longitudinal section of the water heating boiler

FIG. 2 - cross-section of the water heating boiler

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a four-burner combustion chamber

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a six-burner combustion chamber

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the combustion particle trajectory of a combustion chamber with six burners

Fig. 6 is a diagram of the combustion particle trajectory of a combustion chamber with four burners

Fig. 7 is a graphical representation of the combustion process when the burners are inclined at an angle of less than 10 ° and the heating fluid is reversed

An example embodiment of the invention

The water heating boiler according to the invention consists of a housing 1. suspended on the column supports 2. The inside of the housing 1 has a heat exchanger screen 3 consisting of gas-tight membrane panels. In the lower part of the housing 1 there is a combustion chamber 4 which, at the level of the screen 3, has movable burners 5 which are rotatable with respect to the vertical and horizontal axis of the boiler from 0 ° to 12 °.

The number of burners may be at least four, and in that case they shall be arranged in two levels as follows. so that one of the burners 5 at the higher level is opposite the other burner 5 at the lower level.

Where six burners 5 are used, they are arranged on two levels, opposite each of three burners, preferably along a horizontal line. It is possible to position the burners 5 in an oblique or wavy line, but in that case the burners 5 must be oriented as follows. so that the burners 5. located at various levels cover the opposite sector 4 of the combustion chamber. Adjacent to the housing 1 is a built-in fan 6 for supplying air. necessary for the combustion process in the combustion chamber 4. In case of need to improve the combustion process, it is possible to turn on the fan 6 sequentially the steam boiler. which is not shown in the drawings. Above the combustion chamber 4 are convection bundles 7 of at least three seconds consisting of thick-walled pipes connected by a plate. In the upper part of the housing, above the convection lugs 7, there is a gas channel 8, which discharges the combustion gas waste.

On the outside of the housing 1 are piping 9. which connects the water heating boiler to the water supply system. In the combustion chamber 4 additional tubular connections 10 are provided between the heating surfaces.

Application of the Invention

As mentioned above, the water heating boiler is used as the main source of heat in large steam power plants to heat the water and supply it to the central heating buildings.

The operation of the water heating boiler is as follows: the combustion chamber 4 burns fuel by supplying air to the fan 6. Efficient combustion is achieved thanks to the proper direction of gas flow in the burners 5. The combustion products give their heat to the heated liquid through screen 3 and convection packages 7. heat transfer coefficient. Combustion residues are removed from the boiler via a gas pipe 8.

Recirculation of the heated liquid with gas firing reduces the temperature of the combustion gas by 30 ° C. At the same time, the emissions of harmful nitrogen gas are reduced, which is achieved thanks to the internal recirculation of the 5 streams of the burners. The water boiler can operate efficiently using two types of fuel - fuel oil and natural gas - it is advisable to avoid blended fuel. Since additional joints are provided between the heating surfaces, the flow direction of these surfaces can be reversed. In the case of fuel oil combustion, the surface is flooded according to the scheme 'direct current cross-flow and, in the case of natural gas, the scheme is counter-current. This avoids the utilization of equipment that is necessary when the boiler is fired with natural gas, as well as avoids operating the boiler under low temperature corrosion conditions.

Claims (6)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A water heating boiler consisting of a housing hung on columnar supports with an internal combustion chamber and a convection shaft having a heat exchanger screen mounted between the housing and the combustion chamber and having burners mounted horizontally above each other inside the convection shaft. convection packages, above which a gas channel is formed, characterized in that the heat exchanger screen (3) is constructed of gas-impermeable membrane elements, at least three convection packages (7) are constructed of membrane panels, at least four burners (5) arranged two opposite one another with the possibility of rotating the burner nozzle relative to the horizontal and vertical boiler axis at an angle of 0 ° to 12 °, with additional tubular connections (10) between the heating surfaces. 2. Water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it has six burners (5) which are mounted on two levels opposite to each other such that the lower row burners (5) are arranged at a height h = 1/3 H dk and in a higher row. the burners (5) are located at a height h = 1/2 H dk 3. A water heating boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that the burners at each level are mounted in a horizontal line. 4. The boiler for water heating according to claim 2, characterized in that the burners are arranged in a sloping line and oriented so that each lower burner (5) is opposite the higher burner (5). 5. A water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the boiler is fired with fuel oil, the heating surfaces are bypassed according to the scheme "cross-direct current" by activating additional pipe connections (10). 6. A water heating boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the boiler is run on natural gas, the heating surfaces are bypassed according to the scheme "cross-counter current".