WO1999014325A1 - NOUVEAU DERIVE DU LIGAND Fas - Google Patents
NOUVEAU DERIVE DU LIGAND Fas Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999014325A1 WO1999014325A1 PCT/JP1998/004187 JP9804187W WO9914325A1 WO 1999014325 A1 WO1999014325 A1 WO 1999014325A1 JP 9804187 W JP9804187 W JP 9804187W WO 9914325 A1 WO9914325 A1 WO 9914325A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/70575—NGF/TNF-superfamily, e.g. CD70, CD95L, CD153, CD154
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/52—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
- C07K14/525—Tumour necrosis factor [TNF]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Fs ligand capable of controlling apoptosis involved in various diseases.
- F as ligand includes F as L, TNF, lymphotoxin, TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), CD40 ligand (CD40L), and CD27 ligand (CD27L), CD30 ligand (CD30L), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family containing 0X40 ligand ( ⁇ X40L) (Nagata, Cell, 88, 355) -365, 1997; Iri et al., I thigh, 3, 673-682, 1995).
- the majority of the TNF family other than the alpha chain of lymphotoxin is synthesized as a type II membrane protein.
- Fas L, TNFa, and CD40L are found in the culture supernatant of cells expressing these molecules, and these members of the TNF family are cleaved (excised) from the membrane (Pele et al., Cell, 63, 251-258, 1990; Pietravale et al., J. Biol. Chem., 271, 5965-5967, 1996b; Tanaka et al., EMBO J., 14, 1129-1135, 1995).
- Meta-oral proteases like TNF ⁇ , block the release of FasL, so that meta-oral proteases are involved in the production of membrane-bound FasL and soluble forms of TNF ⁇ .
- F as L is a member of the TNF receptor family, and causes apoptosis by binding to its receptor F as, also called CD95 or AP 0-1.
- F asL is mainly expressed on activated T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) (Arase et al., J. Exp. Med., 181, 1235-1238, 1995; Suda et al., J. I. Tanaka et al., Nature Med. 2, 317-322, 1996), while Fas is ubiquitously expressed in various cells (French et al., J. Cell. Biol. 335-343, 1996; Lasernsa et al., Lab. Invest. 69, 415-429, 1993; Suda et al., J.
- NK natural killer cells
- CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- FasL-induced apoptosis may be involved in CTL-mediated autoimmune diseases such as hepatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) (Sherbonsky et al., Cell 89 Giordano et al., Sience, 275, 960-963, 1997; Conte et al., Nature Med., 3, 409413, 1997).
- Soluble human FasL has the function of inducing apoptosis in mouse WR19L cell transformants that at least overexpress Fas (Tanaka et al., EMB0 J., 14, 1129). -1135, 1995). Soluble Fas L is highly expressed in the serum of patients with NK lymphoma, T and NK-type large granular leukemia (Tanaka et al., Nature Med. 2, 317 322, 1996). Because these leukemia patients often present with hepatitis and neutropenia, it is postulated that the soluble form of FassL causes systemic tissue destruction, as seen with TNF.
- the present inventors purified human FasL from the culture supernatant of the expressing mouse T cell transformant. By analyzing its N-terminal sequence, the present inventors determined the cleavage site of human FasL. I was able to determine. The amino acid deletion mutation near the cleavage site completely inhibited the cleavage of membrane-bound FasL. The strength that the human germ-cut T cell line and mouse hepatocytes were found to be rather resistant to soluble FasL were efficiently killed by the membrane-bound FasL. In addition, soluble FasL inhibits membrane-bound FasL-induced cell damage to hepatocytes. These results suggest that the release of FasL from the plasma membrane down-regulates the cytotoxic activity of FasL.
- the present invention is intended to provide a soluble Fas ligand that functions as a Fas antagonist or apoptosis regulator, a novel Fas ligand derivative excellent in apoptosis-inducing activity or cytotoxicity, and a DNA encoding the peptide. I do.
- Fas ligand is a type II membrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and induces apoptosis by binding to the receptor, Fas.
- F as L is cleaved by a putative processing enzyme, meta-oral protease, resulting in a soluble form.
- the present inventor purified human soluble FasL from the supernatant of a transformant of a mouse cell expressing human FasL, and identified the cleavage site. Deletion of 4 to 23 amino acids near the cleavage site prevented the release of human FasL from the membrane. The activity of inducing apoptosis was retained.
- the present invention relates to an As ligand derivative that is resistant to, or resistant to, or has reduced sensitivity to proteases (protease), specifically, from the N-terminus of natural human Fas ligand.
- the amino acid at position 13 to amino acid 13 was deleted or substituted, and at least one of the amino acids at positions 11 to 12 and 11 to 13 was deleted or substituted. It consists of an amino acid sequence or a sequence in which the 8th to 69th amino acids have been deleted.
- a novel Fas ligand derivative containing the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, and a DNA encoding these novel Fas ligand derivatives are provided.
- the present invention provides a soluble Fas ligand which functions as a Fas antagonist or apoptosis regulator, and an apoptosis-regulating agent containing the soluble Fas ligand, and administers these.
- the present invention provides a method for the prevention and treatment of a disease associated with.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a purified human soluble form of the Fas ligand.
- (A) shows the results of analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
- (B) is a graph showing the cytotoxic activity of soluble Fas L.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of FasL having a deletion or point mutation.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of immunological detection of human FasL in transformants.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of expression of FasL on the cell surface.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of cytotoxicity of mouse W4 cells that overexpress Fs of membrane-bound FassL.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the results of increased cytotoxic activity of membrane-bound FasL on human jerkat cells.
- Fig. 7 shows the cytotoxic activity of soluble FasL on hepatocytes, (B) shows the cytotoxic activity of FasL on mouse hepatocytes, and (C) shows the soluble cytosolic activity. It is a figure which shows the cytotoxic activity result of membrane-bound FasL by FasL.
- the novel FasL derivative according to the first aspect of the present invention is a Fas ligand derivative or mutant that is resistant to, or resistant to, or has reduced sensitivity to proteases.
- the protease is particularly a meta-oral protease, and / or a protease having an action of releasing cell membrane-bound FasL from cells in vivo or in a test tube, that is, a processing enzyme.
- It is a Fas ligand derivative.
- those having some kind of amino acid residue mutation at or near the cleavage site of natural membrane-bound Fas L by the processing enzyme for example, deletion, substitution or insertion of one or more amino acids, As described above, for example, those having a deletion of 4 or more amino acids are preferable.
- the novel FasL derivative of the present invention requires a minimal active portion required for Fas binding and no or apoptosis-inducing ability in the extracellular region of FasL. It preferably contains a membrane-bound region having a binding property to a membrane such as a cell membrane under physiological conditions. However, as shown in Examples, at least the entire intracellular region is not essential. The connection between the extracellular region and the membrane-bound region may be direct or indirect via a linker peptide or the like.
- the transmembrane region does not necessarily need to be derived from natural FasL, and in some cases, may be a membrane-binding substance other than a polypeptide, or may have other functions, such as multimerization ability. Substances may be combined.
- the membrane to be bound includes ribosomes in addition to the cell membrane.
- amino acids at positions 129 to 130 from the N-terminus of a natural human Fas ligand are deleted or substituted;
- Amino acid sequence in which at least one of amino acids 11 to 12 and 13 to 13 is deleted or substituted, or amino acids 8 to 69 are deleted It consists of a sequence that is Preferably, the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or a sequence in which the 8th to 69th amino acids have been deleted (hereinafter referred to as D4), and the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or 8 to 69th thereof (Hereinafter referred to as D5).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 or D4 is the deletion of the 23rd amino acid at positions 11 to 133 from the N-terminus of the natural human Fas ligand
- SEQ ID NO: 2 or D5 is the natural human G-Fas ligand in which the 128th to 31st 4-amino acids have been deleted from the N-terminus.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 or D5 is the natural human G-Fas ligand in which the 128th to 31st 4-amino acids have been deleted from the N-terminus.
- the amino acids at positions 129 to 130 from the N-terminus of the natural human Fas ligand shown as a specific example above are deleted or substituted, and the amino acids at positions 111 to 128, 131
- the Fas ligand derivative of the present invention which is the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or D5
- amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 has four sites to which a sugar chain can be added (N-glycosylation site).
- amino acid numbers 76 to 78, 180 to 182, 246 to 248, and 256 to 258 correspond to the sites to which a sugar chain can be added.
- a sugar chain may be added at this position.
- the Fas ligand derivative of the present invention is produced by genetic engineering using eukaryotic cells such as yeast or animal cells as a host, a sugar chain may be added.
- a sugar chain may be added.
- the membrane-bound Fas ligand derivative of the present invention is produced by genetic engineering using a prokaryotic cell such as Escherichia coli as a host, no sugar chain is added.
- the Fas ligand derivative of the present invention can be used for inducing apoptosis and removing cells unnecessary for a living body.
- the Fas antigen is expressed in AIDS virus-infected cells
- the Fas ligand derivative of the present invention can be used in the early stage of AIDS virus infection to artificially induce apoptosis and induce infected cells early.
- the Fas ligand derivative of the present invention removes autoantigen-reactive T cells by artificially causing Fas antigen-mediated apoptosis against certain autoimmune diseases. be able to.
- the Fas ligand derivative of the present invention can be used for treating cancer. Morimoto H. and others have shown that by inducing apoptosis via the Fas antigen in cancer cells, the anticancer effect of adriamycin and cisbratin is synergistically enhanced. (Cancer Res., 53, 2591-2596, 1993).
- the soluble Fas ligand according to the second aspect of the present invention has at least one part of a natural Fas ligand, and is soluble in an aqueous solution without using a surfactant or the like.
- a Fa antagonist There is no particular limitation as long as it functions as a Fa antagonist or has an apoptotic regulation action.
- the term “Fas antagonist” is to be referred to as a “Fas / Fas ligand antagonist”. Mediated apoptosis.
- the soluble Fas ligand of the present invention has at least a part of a natural Fas ligand, and is soluble in an aqueous solution without using a surfactant or the like. Interact with and compete with native FasL, May cause down-regulation of Fas.
- a soluble Fas ligand include those comprising at least a part of the extracellular region of the Fas ligand, and preferably, G1n at the 130th position from the N-terminus of the human natural Fas ligand.
- Peptides consisting of the amino acid sequence from to the C-terminus are exemplified.
- native membrane-bound Fas ligands and polypeptides that are cleaved by meta-oral proteases in vivo or in vitro into soluble Fas ligands, like native membrane-bound Fas ligands, are: It is used as a precursor of the soluble Fas ligand of the present invention.
- soluble Fas ligand suppresses FasL, in particular, membrane-bound FasL-induced cell damage, that is, acts as a Fas antagonist or apoptosis regulating substance to suppress apoptosis.
- the inventors have found that the present invention inhibits or modulates the present invention, and completed the present invention.
- FsL-induced apoptosis can be treated and prevented.
- Also provided are a method for suppressing or regulating F a s function or apoptosis using soluble F a L, and an apoptotic antagonist or modulator containing a soluble F a L.
- FasL-induced apoptosis has been implicated in CTL-mediated autoimmune diseases such as hepatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes, and thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease).
- CTL-mediated autoimmune diseases such as hepatitis, insulin-dependent diabetes, and thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease).
- apoptosis-related diseases include, for example, a decrease in immune function at the late stage of AIDS virus infection, which is thought to result from a marked decrease in tissue function due to apoptosis of immunocompetent cells or hepatocytes. In fulminant hepatitis Liver function decline.
- diseases associated with apoptosis include heart disease,
- GVHD GVHD
- kidney disease ischemia-reperfusion injury-based disease
- organ injury-based disease GVHD, kidney disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury-based disease, and organ injury-based disease.
- examples of the heart disease include ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis due to various causes, cardiomyopathy, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and ischemia reperfusion injury and heart disease based thereon;
- ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis due to various causes, cardiomyopathy, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and ischemia reperfusion injury and heart disease based thereon
- GVHD occurring after bone marrow transplantation such as incompatible bone marrow transplantation and bone marrow transplantation for congenital immunodeficiency disease
- GVHD occurring after organ transplantation
- GVHD occurring after blood transfusion such as massive blood transfusion to immunocompromised hosts.
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury includes ischemia-reperfusion injury and diseases based on liver, heart, kidney, lung, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, kidney, brain, muscle, skin, etc. , Liver insufficiency, reperfusion arrhythmia, renal insufficiency, necrotizing enteritis, and other organ damage and dysfunction.
- diseases associated with apoptosis include the above-mentioned diseases based on ischemia-reperfusion injury, allergic contact dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and the like, and furthermore, MODS associated with SIRS.
- diseases involving apoptosis include not only the acute phase but also chronic disorders in organ damage due to endotoxin, particularly liver damage or endotoxinemia or sepsis.
- diseases involving apoptosis include, in the liver, during surgical operations such as transplantation, or when hepatic blood flow (blood supply) is reduced due to shock and circulatory insufficiency, or when ischemia-reperfusion injury occurs during blockage.
- liver failure and tissue damage and hepatic function decline are mentioned.
- thrombus for myocardial infarction As a result of lysis, reperfusion after percutaneous intracoronary thrombolysis (PTCR) or percutaneous coronary lumen dilatation (PTCA), irreversible cell death due to overload of intracellular calcium ions, etc. Fatal arrhythmias.
- glomerular endogenous cells endothelial cells, epithelial cells, mesangial cells, mesangial matrix, extracellular matrix of basement membrane Or disorders such as tubular epithelial cells.
- the soluble Fas ligand and the Fas ligand derivative of the first and second aspects of the present invention can be used in a pharmaceutical composition.
- a pharmaceutical carrier or medium such as sterile water or physiological saline, vegetable oil, mineral oil, higher alcohol, higher fatty acid, harmless organic solvent, etc., and, if necessary, excipients, coloring Agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, surfactants, dissolution aids, anti-adsorption agents, stabilizers, preservatives, humectants, antioxidants, buffers, isotonic agents, soothing agents, etc.
- a pharmaceutical composition kit such as an injection or an oral preparation.
- the prophylactic / therapeutic agent of the present invention is preferably administered parenterally, for example, by intravenous injection, intracoronary injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, etc., systemically or locally, and rapidly or continuously. Can be administered in a controlled manner.
- the dose of the prophylactic / therapeutic agent of the present invention to humans varies depending on the disease state, age and administration method of the patient, but it is necessary to select an appropriate amount as appropriate. For example, in the case of systemic administration, an appropriate divided dose can be selected within the range of about 0.1 to 100 mg / kg.
- the use of the pharmaceutical composition is not limited to these administration methods and dosages. Further, they may be used in combination with other drugs.
- the Fas ligand of the first and second aspects of the present invention can be formulated according to a conventional method.
- the preparation for injection is prepared by dissolving the purified Fas ligand of the first and second embodiments of the present invention in a solvent, for example, a physiological saline solution or a buffer solution, and optionally adding an anti-adsorption agent and the like.
- Additives or lyophilized for reconstitution before use can be used, and common excipients for lyophilization can be used.
- the Fs ligand of the first and second aspects of the present invention may be produced by any method.
- chemical synthesis may be carried out using a peptide synthesizer (for example, Peptide Synthesizer-1430A, manufactured by PerkinElmer Japan KK).
- a cell producing the novel polypeptide of the present invention can be appropriately selected and used. For example, spleen cells, thymocytes, lymphoid cells, and their cell lines are analyzed by Northern blot or Western blot, and those with high expression of the novel polypeptide of the present invention are analyzed. select.
- cells can be transformed with PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) diiomycin, PHA (phytohemagglutinin), C on A (concanapalin A), IL-12 (interleukin-2), etc.
- the polypeptide may be purified from cells or culture supernatant by stimulating with one or more suitable stimulants selected from stimulants to induce production. Purification is performed by appropriately combining commonly used methods for purifying polypeptides, such as concentration, various types of chromatography, and salting out, to bind to Fas antigen or to cells expressing Fas antigen.
- Obstacle 9
- the Fas ligands of the first and second aspects of the present invention are preferably those produced by genetic engineering, that is, recombinant polypeptides, in view of their purity.
- the recombinant gene is obtained by incorporating the cDNA of the Fas ligand of the first and second aspects of the present invention or the DNA of the present invention into an appropriate vector, An appropriate host cell is transformed with the recombinant gene, the obtained transformant is cultured, a culture mixture is recovered, and the polypeptide is purified.
- a method for synthesizing a cell-free system using the DNA or the recombinant DNA molecule (Sambrook, J. et al .: Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York) York (1989)).
- the novel DNA of the third aspect of the present invention encodes the novel Fas ligand derivative of the present invention, particularly the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NOS: 1 or 2, or D4 and D5.
- the DNA of the present invention may be of any sequence as long as it encodes the novel Fs ligand derivative of the present invention. It is known that there are 1 to 6 types of triplets of DNA encoding the same amino acid for each type of amino acid, and the nucleotide sequence encoding the same peptide is limited to one type. None, but any of these may be used.
- the DNA of the present invention may be a cDNA or a chromosomal DNA having an intron, as long as it contains a nucleotide sequence encoding the novel Fas ligand derivative of the present invention.
- the novel DNA of the present invention may be cDNA because of its ease of use in genetic engineering techniques, such as its ability to work, its power, and its ease of guiding to vectors. Preferred examples include those having the nucleotide sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6.
- novel DNA of the present invention may be single-stranded or may form a double or triple chain by binding to DNA or RNA having a sequence complementary thereto.
- the sequence of the RNA, the complementary DNA and the sequence of the RNA are uniquely determined.
- the DNA of the present invention can be used to produce the novel Fs ligand derivatives of the present invention using recombinant DNA technology. That is, the DNA of the present invention is inserted into an appropriate expression vector having a sequence necessary for expression of a promoter sequence and the like at an appropriate position, and transformed into an appropriate host cell with this vector. The transformant can express the novel Fas ligand derivative of the present invention. Further, the novel DNA of the present invention is incorporated into an appropriate vector and administered, for example, gene therapy for diseases in which apoptotic mechanism is genetically deficient, such as cancer, viral diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Can also be used.
- cell therapy can also be performed by transforming a cell line or a cell taken out of a living body with the DNA of the present invention and returning it to the living body. Further, it can be used for producing a transgenic animal for providing an organ or tissue for transplantation that expresses a FsL derivative.
- novel DNA of the present invention can be used for the development of an antisense drug, used for producing a model animal of a disease involving apoptosis such as transgenic mice, or labeled with an enzyme or the like. By examining the expression status of the Fas ligand and its derivative in tissues, it can be used for diagnosis of a disease involving apoptosis.
- the novel DNA of the present invention can be obtained from chemical synthesis or from a DNA library. The chemical synthesis of the novel DNA of the present invention may be performed, for example, as follows.
- DNA having a desired nucleotide sequence is divided into fragments of about 20 bases and synthesized using a DNA chemical synthesizer (for example, Model 394, manufactured by PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd.).
- the 5 'end is phosphorylated according to the above, each fragment is annealed and ligated to obtain the desired DNA.
- an appropriate genomic DNA library or cDNA library is screened by a screening method using hybridization, an immunoscreening method using an antibody, or the like. There is a method in which a clone having the desired DNA is grown and cut out therefrom using restriction enzymes or the like.
- novel DNA of the present invention can also be obtained by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using a genomic DNA library or a cDNA library as type II.
- a hamster anti-human Fas L monoclonal antibody (cl on e4H9) is described in Tanaka et al., Nature Med. 2, 317-322, 1996.
- the conjugated antibody was covalently bound to the beads by incubation with 2 OmM dimethinolepimerimidate (DMP) dissolved in 200 mM sodium borate buffer.
- DMP dimethinolepimerimidate
- a mouse WR19L cell transformant (1A12 cell) expressing human FasL was described in Tanaka et al., Nature Med. 2, 317-322, 1996.
- 1A12 cells (1 ⁇ 10 5 cells Zm 1) were cultured in RPM 1 1640 medium supplemented with 5% FCS for 3 days, and about 2 L of medium was collected. Protein in the medium was collected by ammonium sulfate precipitation (50-70%) and dialyzed against PBS. The protein was then applied to a column (1 ml) of anti-FasL antibody conjugated Protein A Sepharose equilibrated in PBS.
- the column was washed with 50 mM Tris-HC1 buffer containing 150 mM NaCl, 20 ml of pH 8.6, and 1 Fas L adsorbed on the force column. It was eluted with 50 mM glycine HC1 buffer (pH 2.2) containing 50 mM NaC1. The eluate was immediately neutralized with 1 MT ris-HCl (pH 7.5), dialyzed against PBS, and concentrated using Centricon (Amicon).
- N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation at the request of Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.
- p BOSHFLD 1 An expression plasmid (p BOSHFLD 1) for human FasL lacking the intracellular domain (amino acids 8 to 69) was described in Naka Meda et al., Nature Med. 2, 317 322, 1996.
- Recombinant PCR using pBOSHF LDl as the type ⁇ expression plasmid for human FasL mutants with a series of deletions and point mutations at the cleavage site (PB0SHF LD4, pB0SHF LD5, p B0SHFLD 6) Force Made.
- pBOSHFLD4 lacking the amino acid at position 113
- the 5 'portion of the FasL cDNA was replaced with the sense primer of the pEF BOS vector (BOS6; C CTC AGACAGTGG TTCAAAG) (Mizushima, Nagata, Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 5322, 1990) and antisense deletion primer (DA4; TTTTC AGGGGGTGGAC TGGGCTC CTTCTGTAGGTGGAAG, human Fas L) 105—110 And the sequence encoding amino acids 134-139).
- the 3 'portion of the cDNA was a sense primer (DS4) complementary to the DA4 primer and a primer (HFLP) containing the sequence of the 3' non-coding region of the Fas L cDNA.
- the PCR conditions were Takahashi et al. Cell, 76, 969-976, 1994.
- the first PCR product was purified by agarose gel electrophoresis, mixed 1: 1 and then seconded with primers BOS6 and HFLP3. Amplified in the second PCR.
- the obtained DNA fragment was digested with XbaI and transferred to pEF-BOS vector. Other deletions and point mutations were made in a similar manner using the following oligonucleotides as primers.
- PBOSHFLD 5 deletion of amino acid at 128-131
- DA5 TGGACTGGGGTGGCCCAAAG ATGATGCTGT
- DS5 primer complementary to DA5
- pBOSHF LD6 Lys For —129 replace A 1 a
- DA 6 GGGGTGG CCTATTTGTGCCTCCAAAGATGATGC
- DS 6 primer complementary to DA 6
- Mouse WR19L cells were cotransfected with pPUR and an expression plasmid containing a pumamycin resistance gene (Clontech) using Electroporation (Ito et al., Cell, 66, 233-243, 1991).
- Puromycin-resistant transformants were selected with 800 ng / m1 puromycin and transformants expressing human FasL were cloned using a biotinylated anti-human FasL antibody for flow cytometry. Selected by FACS analysis using (4H9) and PE-labeled streptavidin (Becton Dickinson).
- the cytotoxic activity of human soluble FasL on Fas-expressing W4 cells and jerk cells was determined by the MTT method as described in Tanaka et al., EMBO J., 14, 1129-1135, 1995.
- F the as expressing W4 cytotoxicity of F the as L expression transformant for cell and Jaka' DOO cells Suda, etc. Basically, Cell, 75, 1169 - 1178 , 1993 as described in 51 C r Determined by one-release analysis.
- W4 and Jerkat cells (1 ⁇ 10 4 ) are labeled with 51 Cr and have various ratios. It was mixed with the FasL transformant. After a 4 hour incubation at 37 ° C, specific release of 51 Cr from target cells was measured.
- cytotoxic activity of soluble FasL and FasL transformants on primary hepatocytes was measured as follows.
- Mouse hepatocytes were prepared from 11-week-old female C 3 H / He mice (SLC, purchased from Shizuoka) as described by Adachi et al., Nature Genet. 11, 294-300, 1995.
- Hepatocytes (1 X 1 0 5) is planted in play Bok of 4 8-hole which is co Bok at 0. 0 3% I collagen, and cultured in 24-hour in DMEM containing 5% FCS.
- Hepatocytes were incubated with soluble FasL or FasL transformants at 37 ° C for 22 hours.
- the concentration of GOT released into the medium was measured using a transaminase CII kit manufactured by Wako Chemical.
- FasL transformants were cultured in PRMI 1640 medium containing 10% FCS, and FasL and cell lysates in the medium were analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by western blotting.
- cells were treated with 1% NP40, lmM [p_amino-phenyl] methanesulfonyl fluoride hydride chloride, l ⁇ g / ml pepstatin, and 1 Z g / m1 leupeptin. Lysis was achieved by incubation for 30 minutes on ice in TBS containing TBS. After centrifugation at 150,000 rpm for 20 minutes, the supernatant was collected for immunoprecipitation.
- Protein A cell Faro Ichisu 4 FF beads (Pharmacia, Inc.) They were pre-absorbed and then incubated with protein A Sepharose modified with 10 ⁇ ⁇ 1 anti-FasL monoclonal antibody (4H9) at 4 ° C. Beads are 0.1 Washed carefully with TBS containing% NP40 and resuspended in 10 ⁇ 1 Remi-noresamprenole cuffer (Laemm 1i'ss amp lebuffer) without 3 mercaptoethanol.
- the sample was electrophoresed on a 10-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel, and the protein was transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore) at 4 ° C and 30 V for 15 hours.
- the FasL protein was detected by Western blotting using an anti-FasL polyclonal antibody, as described in Tanaka et al., EMBO J., 14, 1129 1135, 1995.
- Table 1 shows the results of the production of the soluble form of human FasL by the wild type and the transformant expressing the mutant FasL.
- Mouse WR 19 L cell transformant clones expressing wild-type, deletion mutants (D4, D5), or point mutations (D6) were cloned in the presence of 20 ⁇ M BB2116 3 7. Is 2 4 h incubation in C, and then 4 X 1 0 5 cells Zm 1 concentration without BB 2 1 1 6, and 2 4 hours at 3 7 ° C.
- the cytotoxic activity of the supernatant was determined by comparing W4 cells with target cells. It was measured by performing MTT analysis. One unit of cytotoxic activity was defined as the dilution that conferred half maximal cytotoxic activity on 7.5 x 10 cells in 100/1.
- FIG. 1 shows the purified human soluble form of the Fas ligand.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
- Purified soluble human Fas L (6 ⁇ g) was analyzed by electrophoresis on a 10-20% gradient polyacrylamide gel in the presence of 0.1% 803 and stained with Coomassie Prilian blue.
- M molecular weight standard
- kD kilodaltons
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the construction of a F as L having a deletion or point mutation.
- FIG. 3 shows the non-release of soluble FasL by the human FasL deletion mutation.
- the immunoprecipitates were analyzed by Western blotting using ⁇ heron anti-human FasL antibody as described above.
- a size marker a molecular weight standard (manufactured by Amersham, Rainbow Marker 1) was electrophoresed in parallel, and the size of the standard protein was indicated in kilodaltons (KD).
- FIG. 4 shows the expression of FasL on the cell surface.
- Wild-type Fas L (clone 1A12 and 1F10), D4 mutant (clone 41B, 44D), D5 mutant (clone 59A and 5—2—21), or D 6 Transformants of mouse WR19L cells expressing the mutants (clones 61B and 61C) were grown in medium with and without (dashed line) 20 ⁇ MBB2116 (solid line). Cultured for hours. Cells were stained with a biotinylated 4H9 anti-human Fas L antibody and PE-labeled streptavidin and analyzed by flow cytometry presented as above.
- FIG. 5 shows the killing power of mouse W4 cells that overexpress Fas of membrane-bound FasL.
- the cytotoxic activity of parental WR19L cells (open circles) and cell transformants expressing wild-type (clone 1F10, closed circles) and D4 mutant (clone 44D, open squares) was 51 Using Cr-labeled W4 as a target, measurements were made at the effecta-Z target (EZT) ratios presented above.
- FIG. 6 shows the increased cytotoxic activity of membrane-bound FasL on human jerkat cells.
- Parental mouse WR19L cells (WR19L) and their transformants expressing wild-type (clone 1F10) or D4 mutant (clone 44D) were 20 ⁇ 21 1
- the cells were cultured for 24 hours with 6 (filled circles) and without (open circles).
- the human Tojakatsu preparative cells cells cytotoxic activity is 5 'labeled with C r to have use as targets, as described above, was measured in the presented E / T ratio.
- FIG. 7 shows the reactivity of soluble and membrane-bound FasL of mouse hepatocytes.
- A shows the cytotoxic activity of soluble Fas L on hepatocytes.
- Primary mouse hepatocytes have 10 g / m1 cycloheximide (filled circles) and no (open circles) at the indicated concentration of human soluble Fas L at 37 ° C for 22 hours. Was done. After the incubation, the GOT concentration of the supernatant was measured using a kit. Total GOT activity was measured in cell lysates after lysing the cells with 0.1% NP-40. Specific damage was expressed as a percentage of the released G0T concentration relative to the total G0T activity.
- FIG. B shows the cytotoxic activity of membrane-bound Fas L on mouse hepatocytes.
- Mouse hepatocytes were incubated with WR19L cells (open circles) or D4 mutants (clone D44, open squares) at 37 ° C for 22 hours at the indicated E / T ratios . After incubation, lesion activity was measured as described above.
- C shows membrane-bound F as L with soluble F as L Showed inhibition of cytotoxic activity.
- the present inventors have previously established stable transformants (1A12Cell) that constitutively express human FasL.
- the transformant expressed FasL on the cell surface and produced a soluble form of FasL in the medium (Tanaka et al., Nature Med. 2, 317-322, 1996).
- 1A12 cells were cultured in PRM I medium containing 5% FCS, and FasL was a protein immobilized with anti-FasL antibody (4H9). Affinity purified on A Sepharose. Approximately 200 g of purified Fas L was obtained from 2,000 ml of the condition medium.
- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified Fas L shows a single band at a molecular weight of 26,000, which is produced by activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It resembled the soluble form of F as L (Tanaka et al., EMB0 J., 14, 1129-1135, 1995).
- F the as L is analyzed F the as expression mouse W4 cells as the target, it has specific activity of 2 XI 0 7 U / mg, which is basically P ichia P It was the same as the recombinant soluble FasL produced by astoris (Yunaka et al., Immunol., 158, 2303- 2309, 1997).
- Human Jurkat cells express endogenous Fas and are susceptible to anti-Fas antibody-induced apoptosis (Takahashi et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 23, 1935-1941, 1993).
- the cytotoxic activity of soluble Fas L was analyzed targeting jar cells. Showed very weak activity. That is, only 30% of the soluble FasL cells can be killed by 1 1g / m1 force for 15 hours, and the Jerkat cells can be dissolved under the same conditions. Is more than 1000 times insensitive to mouse W4 cells.
- the protein was electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide and transferred to a PVDF membrane in order to determine the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal of the purified soluble form of Fab L.
- Purified 26 kDa tanno in an automated sequencer, by Edman degradation. Analysis of the protein showed a single sequence of Gin—I1e—Gly—His—Pro—Ser—Pro—Pro. This sequence corresponded exactly to amino acids 130-137 of human FassL. From these results, the present inventors concluded that human 33 synthesized as a membrane-bound form was cleaved between 73-129 and 01-130 to become a soluble form.
- each transformant was cultured in a medium containing the meta-oral protease inhibitor BB2116 for 24 hours. It was then transferred to medium without the inhibitor. After culturing them for 24 hours, the FsL activity and the FasL protein in the culture supernatant were analyzed. As shown in Table 1, the transformant of FasL having the original cleavage site secreted soluble FasL into the medium at a high concentration.
- the 23 amino acid deletion mutant gene transformant (CD4) at the cleavage site did not show any FasL activity, and the 4 amino acid deletion mutant transformant (CD5) hardly produced any cytotoxic activity.
- a point mutation from Lys to A1a at 11 still produced a soluble form of FasL.
- the culture supernatant and cell lysate of the transformant were then immunoprecipitated with an anti-human Fas L monoclonal antibody (4H9), and the immunoprecipitation was analyzed by Western blotting using an anti-human Fas L polyclonal antibody.
- FIG. 2B cell lysates from each of the FasL transformants showed a major band of 32-35 kDa, which was expected from the size of the deletion.
- FasL expression on the cell surface was examined by flow cytometry. As shown in FIG. 4, when cultured in the presence of BB2116, all transformants expressed high concentrations of FasL on the cell surface. When transformants expressing wild-type strains or substitution mutants were cultured without BB2116, the expression level of FasL on the cell surface was significantly reduced (about 1 / 10th). On the other hand, transformants with deletion mutations (CD 4 and CD 5) are the same Under the conditions, little Fas L was lost from the cell surface.
- the present inventor investigated whether or not a membrane-bound FassL that does not produce a soluble FassL has a function.
- transformants expressing cleavable or non-cleavable FasL show comparable cytotoxic activity to W4 cells, asL was active, indicating that deletion of a few amino acids at the cleavage site did not affect the ability of FasL to bind to Fas and induce apoptosis.
- cytotoxic activity of these transformants was examined using jerkat cells as targets.
- a transformant expressing a non-mutated FasL was used as an effector, the cytotoxic activity was very low.
- D4 transformants expressing non-cleavable FasL were used as effectors, they efficiently killed Jurkat cells.
- the reactivity of Jurkat cells with membrane-bound FasL is comparable or slightly lower than W4 cells. In other words, about 50% of W4 cells are specifically killed at an E / T ratio of 5.0, while more than 20% of Jurkat cells are killed at an EZT ratio of 3.0.
- soluble FasL In order to confirm that the cytotoxic activity of membrane-bound Fas L was stronger than that of soluble Fas L, the present inventors also used primary mouse hepatocytes as targets.
- Mouse hepatocytes express the Fas receptor and are killed by the agonistic anti-Fas antibody, Jo2, in the presence of cycloheximide (Knee et al., Exp. Cell Res., 215, 332). -337, 1994). Similar results were obtained when soluble FasL was used as a cytotoxic effector. In other words, soluble FasL has almost no cytotoxic activity against hepatocytes, but cell death occurs with 10 gZm1 of cycloheximide (FIG. 7A).
- the non-mutated F aS L transformant expresses the membrane-bound F a L at a high concentration (Fig. 3), but has low cytotoxic activity (Fig. 6).
- FasL hepatocytes
- FasL membrane-bound form of FasL (D4 mutant)
- Figure 7C soluble Fas L dose-dependently Soluble Fas L of 0.4 gZm1 was sufficient to inhibit half of the cytotoxic activity at an E7T ratio of 2.0.
- a soluble form of human Fas L was produced in a mouse T cell line transformed with a human Fas L expression plasmid. Determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified human FasL revealed that soluble human Fasshig was cleaved and released between ysl29 and Glnl30. The amino acid sequence (G1u—Lys—G1n—I1e) near the FasL cleavage site has been observed in humans, rats, and mice (Takahashi et al., Int.
- TNFa and CD40 ligand have been shown to be soluble (Pele et al., Cell, 63, 251-258, 1990; Pietravale). J. Biol. Chem., 271, 5965-5967, 1996).
- the cleavage sites for TNF and CD40 ligand are eu—Ala_Gln—A1a / Val—Arg—Ser—Ser, and Asn—Ser—Phe-G1u t-Gin-Lys-Gly (Agawall et al., J. Biol. Chem., 260, 2345-2354, 1985; Graft et al., Eur. J.
- TACE TNFa converting enzyme
- the protease that cleaves F as L also appears to be a member of the ADAM family protease.
- a 12 amino acid peptide having a sequence near the TNF ⁇ cleavage site identified TAC ⁇ and was successfully used to purify it (Black et al., Nature 385, 729-733, 1997; Moss et al., Nature, 385). , 733-736, 1997).
- the information on the cleavage site of human FasL revealed in this study allows the present inventors to design peptide substrates used to identify the proteins involved in the cleavage of FasL.
- F as L has a function, and F as L It is certain that there is no need to enter.
- DISC D eat h- In du ci nng Signaling Complex
- W4 cells express more Fas than jerkat cells and hepatocytes, The meter is enough to kill the cells. Furthermore, if soluble Fas L causes rapid down-regulation of the Fas receptor, it will inhibit the cytotoxic activity of membrane-bound Fas L. The present inventor cannot rule out the possibility of the presence of another membrane molecule that co-stimulates Fas-induced apoptosis (as opposed to membrane-bound FasL). Is considered a possible explanation.
- the present inventor has recently suggested that when a transgenic mouse expressing the human HBV envelope gene in the liver was injected with a small amount (3 ⁇ 10 6 cells) of a CTL clone recognizing envelope proteins, the mouse developed hepatitis. It was shown to have died in a Fas-dependent manner (Kondo, et al., Nature Med., 3, 409-413, 1997). On the other hand, a large amount of recombinant soluble Fas L was required to show the same effect (Tanaka et al., 158, 2303-2309, 1997). These results are explained from the above results that membrane-bound FasL is the only functional FasL in vivo.
- the present inventors when discovering soluble FasL, thought that soluble FasL causes systemic tissue destruction because the Fas receptor is expressed in many tissues (Tana Nature Med. 2, 317-322, 1996; Tanaka et al., EMBO J., 14, 1129-1135,
- cytotoxic activity was found in membrane-bound, not soluble, F as L, suggesting that F as L-induced cell death is a local response.
- cytotoxic lymphocytes recognize and activate virus-infected cells and cancer cells. Fass L expressed on the cell surface locally kills target cells and is down-regulated upon release. Ensures that this mechanism does not kill unrelated healthy cells. It has been shown that hepatitis and neutropenia, but not all human diseases that have soluble human F as L in serum (Tanaka et al., Nature Med. 2, 317-322,
- soluble F a s L itself is non-toxic to normal cells. If cells are sensitized to Fas-induced apoptosis, for example, by positive regulation of Fas expression, these cells will be killed by soluble FasL.
- Fas L is constitutively expressed in the eyes and testis, suggesting its role in immune evasion (Berg et al., Nature 377, 630-632, 1995; Griffith et al., Science, 270,
- a soluble Fas ligand functioning as a Fas antagonist, a novel membrane-bound Fas ligand derivative excellent in cytotoxic activity and a DNA encoding the peptide are provided, It can contribute to the treatment, prevention, etc. of diseases associated with cis.
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Priority Applications (6)
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AT98943025T ATE460482T1 (de) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Fas-liganden derivate |
JP2000511864A JP4162849B2 (ja) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | 新規Fasリガンド誘導体 |
DE69841548T DE69841548D1 (de) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Fas-liganden derivate |
EP98943025A EP1016721B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Fas ligand derivative |
US09/508,849 US6951919B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Fas ligand derivative |
CA002304130A CA2304130C (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | Novel fas ligand derivative |
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PCT/JP1998/004187 WO1999014325A1 (fr) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | NOUVEAU DERIVE DU LIGAND Fas |
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US (1) | US6951919B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1016721B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4162849B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE460482T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2304130C (ja) |
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US7070771B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2006-07-04 | Regents Of The University Of California | Methods of expressing chimeric mouse and human CD40 ligand in human CD40+ cells |
US20030044352A1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2003-03-06 | Phillips Nigel C. | Method for evaluating the efficacy of treatment with bacterial DNA and bacterial cell walls |
US7786282B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2010-08-31 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nucleic acid molecules encoding TNF-α ligand polypeptides having a CD154 domain |
US7495090B2 (en) | 2002-05-23 | 2009-02-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Nucleic acids encoding chimeric CD154 polypeptides |
JP2009538615A (ja) * | 2006-05-31 | 2009-11-12 | スティックス エルエルシー | 幹細胞の選別方法およびその使用 |
US9624469B2 (en) | 2010-07-22 | 2017-04-18 | Cellect Biotherapeutics Ltd. | Regulatory immune cells with enhanced targeted cell death effect |
WO2012042480A1 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2012-04-05 | Kahr Medical Ltd. | Compositions and methods for treatment of hematological malignancies |
CA3242003A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Prasad S. Adusumilli | Cells expressing fas ligand and cflip polypeptides and uses thereof |
WO2023122235A2 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Cells expressing fas ligand polypeptides and fas knockout and uses thereof |
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US6544523B1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 2003-04-08 | Chiron Corporation | Mutant forms of Fas ligand and uses thereof |
US6183951B1 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 2001-02-06 | Prometheus Laboratories, Inc. | Methods of diagnosing clinical subtypes of crohn's disease with characteristic responsiveness to anti-Th1 cytokine therapy |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
TAKAHASHI T., ET AL.: "HUMAN FAS LIGAND: GENE STRUCTURE, CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION AND SPECIES SPECIFICITY.", INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY., OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS., GB, 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), GB, pages 1567 - 1574., XP002915063, ISSN: 0953-8178 * |
TANAKA M., ET AL.: "DOWNREGULATION OF FAS LIGAND BY SHEDDING.", NATURE MEDICINE., NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, NEW YORK, NY., US, 1 January 1998 (1998-01-01), US, pages 31 - 36., XP002915064, ISSN: 1078-8956, DOI: 10.1038/nm0198-031 * |
TANAKA M., ET AL.: "FAS LIGAND IN HUMAN SERUM.", NATURE MEDICINE., NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, NEW YORK, NY., US, 1 January 1996 (1996-01-01), US, pages 317 - 322., XP002915062, ISSN: 1078-8956, DOI: 10.1038/nm0396-317 * |
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ATE460482T1 (de) | 2010-03-15 |
JP4162849B2 (ja) | 2008-10-08 |
US6951919B1 (en) | 2005-10-04 |
DE69841548D1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
EP1016721A4 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
CA2304130A1 (en) | 1999-03-25 |
EP1016721B1 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
EP1016721A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
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