WO1999009617A1

WO1999009617A1 - Device for ejecting the mechanical separation of two elements interconnecting two electric circuits and connecting element equipped therewith

Info

Publication number: WO1999009617A1
Application number: PCT/FR1998/001557
Authority: WO
Inventors: François SABY
Original assignee: Saby Francois
Priority date: 1997-08-19
Filing date: 1998-07-16
Publication date: 1999-02-25
Also published as: AU8811398A

Abstract

The invention concerns a device (1) separating two elements (2, 3) connecting electrically two circuits (C1, C2) in the presence of a fault current resulting from over-voltage and/or high heat build-up and/or an anomaly in one of the two electric circuits. One of the elements comprises at least a socket contact (5) and the other a pin contact (4) which, by the mutual engagement of the two elements (2, 3), is inserted into the socket contact (5) for setting up electrical connection between the two circuits (C1, C2). Said device, arranged in one of the elements, comprises a frame (8) housing a mobile jack (9) integral with an actuating mechanism (11) including triggering means (12), controlled by the fault current. The jack (9) by the action of the mechanism (11) is displaced towards the other element and acts in thrust on the latter to disengage them.

Description

EJECTION DEVICE FOR THE MECHANICAL SEPARATION OF TWO CONNECTION ELEMENTS FROM TWO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS TO EACH OTHER, AND CONNECTION ELEMENT PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE.

The present island relates to an erection device for the mechanical separation of two elements ensuring the electrical connection of two electrical circuits to one another, one of the two elements comprising at least one connection pin of the female t \ pe subject to a base cl the other element at least one connection pin of the male pe pe attached to a base and intended to be engaged in the female pin and \ enir in contact

the latter to establish an electrical connection between the electrical circuits associated with these pins, the mechanical separation device ensuring the separation of the two elements by spacing from one another and therefore the electrical disconnection of the two circuits and this in the presence of a strong release of heat due in particular to a suπnlensilé tra \ crs of the connection elements or else in the presence of an anomaly in one of the two electrical circuits

We know the danger that a short circuit in an electrical appliance can represent. To avoid the risk of electric shock. the regulation imposes in any electrical installation, the presence of a ground circuit to which is connected, by means of connection elements - in this case the wall sockets, the sockets of flying currents and other connection elements - -, the metallic masses of the electrical devices supplied by the electrical distribution network. In addition, the electrical installation is equipped with one or more differential devices ensuring the electrical isolation of the electrical circuit in the presence of a fault current \ ers to the earth. , of an intensity greater than a predetermined value, hpically equal to 500 inA or to 10 mA for the supply circuits of certain wall sockets The danger \ îlnt that tripping of the residual current circuit breaker does not eliminate the cause of the fault so that when the circuit breaker is reconnected, people may accidentally come into contact with a. ec the mass of the defective device 11 then results in a potential danger of electrocution We also know the problems that pement generate on the integrated circuits. Abrupt aπations of the frequency of the current distributed by the electrical network as well as sudden voltage drops Under the effect of these anomalies, the operation of these circuits can dc. erratic emr, similarly in some cases. these can be destroyed

We also know the danger for people and the goods represented by overvoltages or overloads that may occur. éluculer the distribution networks ^of electricity These surges that may originate in strokes of lightning on the network or operating errors are ^the cause electrocution and destruction of electrical equipment Furthermore, the return of surge to the masses devices \ ia land is also ^the cause ^of electrocutions and electrical equipment destruction Some connection elements such as wall outlets or modular supports for electrical distribution tables are equipped with elements clipping constituting surge arrester or surge arrester. drifting towards earth the suπntcnsites due in particular to lightning strikes on the electrical distribution network These clipping elements. generally constituted by vaπstances. are connected electrically, between the earth pin and the phase and neutral pins. Gas spark gaps can also be placed in series with the varislanccs.

After several operations, the varistors and / or the gas spark gaps contained in the connection elements allow an excessive current to flow, causing the supply circuit breaker to trip. The installation is in permanent fault preventing any resetting of the circuit breaker.

Some manufacturers provide a cut-off device upstream of the surge arrester allowing the system to be re-energized in order to change it. In these wall or modular systems the user must call in a professional to identify the faults and his installation remains unusable for an indefinite period. Each also reset the breaker causes power accessible masses of installation with a potential risk of indirect contact and ^fire.

The object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned drawbacks by implementing an ejection device ensuring before or during the tripping of the circuit breaker or else during the resetting of the latter, the physical separation of the connection elements.

Another object of the present invention is a device capable of detecting anomalies of one or the other and / or the two electrical circuits and ensuring the electrical separation of the latter before the anomaly, which can be an abrupt variation. of frequency a sudden drop in voltage and the like, causes the destruction of the integrated circuits of one or the other electrical circuit.

To this end, the ejection device according to the invention, for the mechanical separation of two elements ensuring the electrical connection of two electrical circuits (C l). (C2) to each other, one of the two elements comprising at least one connection pin of the female type electrically connected to the circuit (C2) and secured to a base and the other element, at least one connection pin of the male type electrically connected to the circuit (C l), subject to a base and intended, by engagement of the two elements towards each other, to be introduced into the female pin of the other element and come into contact with the latter to establish an electrical connection between the electrical circuits associated with these said pins, characterized in that it comprises a frame intended to be secured to the base of one of the two elements, this frame receiving a movable pusher secured to a mechanism actuation comprising a tripping means controlled by a fault current due for example to an overvoltage or to an overcurrent through the pins of the connection elements and / or to a high generation of heat and / or an anomaly in one of the two electrical circuits, said pusher, under the effect of the action of the actuation mechanism. being moved towards the other element and coming to act in pushing on the latter in the direction of the disengagement of the two elements from one another and therefore in the direction of the disengagement of the male pin from one of the two elements, the female pin on the other.

Thus a fault current due for example to a short circuit or to an overcurrent in the line or else to any other anomalies in one or the other electrical circuits results in the physical disconnection of the two connection elements which separates the two electrical circuits from each other. Such an arrangement is fully advantageous when in particular one of the two electrical circuits is that of an electrical appliance in fault and the other the electrical installation. Likewise, this fault current pomanl coming from a defect in the surge or surge arrester elements equipping one of the two circuits, it is easily understood that the connection element associated with this circuit will be systematically released from the other

According to another characteristic of the invention, the pusher of the erection device is provided with a shape of piston mounted in gentle sliding in a tubular guide constituting the frame, said guide comprising an opening at one of its ends and a closure wall to another the actuation mechanism being housed in the capsuling formed between the wall ^of the tubular sealing Bali the form of piston of the pusher, said mechanism when it is activated, acting in thrust on axialcment the shape of the piston to move the pusher in translation from a standby position to the crest end of the frame and towards the other element on which it then acts in thrust

According to another characteristic of the invention, the actuation mechanism is constituted by a spring element arranged in compression between the shape of the piston cl the closure wall and the pusher has a tail rooted in the pusher and extending axially in the capsulism said tail being engaged in a drilling

in the wall ^of the tubular sealing cl RCCE frame. ant externally to the tubular frame. a stop member bearing against the external face of the closure wall which keeps the elastic element in compression in the capsulism. destruction or withdrawal of the stop element causing the actuation mechanism to trip

According to a particularly advantageous aspect of the imcntion the stop member is fusible, said stop member constituting the triggering means or one of the components thereof. According to another aspect of the invention, the fusible stop member is is formed by a boss formed around the tail of the pusher and is made of a material with a low melting point This fusible stop member, according to another characteristic of the one, is placed in series on the electrical circuit of the fault current Thus the passage of this current in the pro fuse element. oquera heating of the latter by Joule effect and therefore its fusion thus causing the release of the actuating mechanism According to yet another characteristic of imcntion the fuse butec member is in contact with an electrical conductor placed in series on the circuit electrical fault current, said electrical conductor with the fuse stop member constituting the trigger mo.cn Thus the passage of electrical fault current in the electrical conductor pro.oquera heating of the latter The heat given off by the wire will then cl communicated to the fuse element the latter under the effect of this contribution of heat quickly reach its melting point and not be able to oppose al resistance ^action of ^the resilient member

Alternatively, according to another characteristic of the embodiment, the stop member is constituted by a clamp provided with two opposite, articulated jaws

enclosing the tail of the pusher, said jaws being each provided with a curved end forming a beak. engaged in the closed position of the jaws of the pliers, under the effect of the action of an elastic member, in an annular groove formed in the tail of the pusher and coming into abutment in the retention position against the external face of the obturation wall of the tubular frame. the jaws of the clamp being associated with a clamp placed in series on the electrical circuit of the fault current and being operated by the latter. when it is tra \ erse by the fault current, towards a position of omcrturc according to which the nozzles are released from the groove which releases the actuation mechanism

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the actuation mechanism is constituted by a rotational technical pv cartridge which can be initiated by the fault current and comprising a firing element placed in series on the electrical circuit of the fault current, simple to ignite the rotational pv charge when it is traversed by the fault current the firing clcmcnt constituting the

trigger or any component of it

After triggering of the actuation mechanism. it is appropriate in certain cases to prohibit the electrical reconnection of the two circuits to one another. For this reason, the ejection device, according to another aspect of the invention, may include a buiec mechanism ensuring after actuation of the pusher towards the omitted end. blocking the backward movement of the pusher

According to another characteristic of the invention, the stop mechanism is constituted by a projecting finger freely engaged in a practical through hole in the tubular wall of the frame so as to penetrate into the tubular frame. this finger being carried externally to the frame by an elastic blade which urges it inside the frame In addition, the finger forms an acute angle to the path of the pusher so as to be able to be pushed back towards the outside by the piston of the pusher when slack. ement of the latter towards the er er end of the frame After passage of the pusher the finger, under the effect of the action of the elastic blade, is engaged behind the shape of the piston to prevent the ino ement of return of the pusher and therefore the re-engagement of the two connection elements towards each other. The fault current may be a current of earth by a short circuit or by any other defect. As a variant, according to another aspect of the imcntion the fault current can be generated by an analysis moven associated with the triggering means

the electrical characteristics of the current in at least one of the two electrical circuits, this mo.cn of anal \ sc being able <ι to generate the fault current if the characteristics of the current v îcnncnt a

olue and lie outside of normal

The present invention also relates to an electrical connection element comprising a base and at least one electrical connection pin carried by the base and intended to be electrically associated with an electrical circuit and to come into contact with an electric pin carried by the base of a second connection element, the engagement of the spindle in contact with the spindle of the other is effected by engagement of the two elements towards each other, for example according to a linear movement The element connection according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it is equipped with at least one ejection device according to the invention

According to another characteristic of the im ention. the connection element comprises an ejection device as well as at least one pin of the male tvpe and a pin of the female connected to the earth circuit in which and in contact with which engages the male pin of plug earth of the other element, said female earth pin being mounted in a sheath of the base of the element. this sleeve having a bottom wall in which a through-hole is made The ejection device csl axially aligned with the sleeve and is fixed to the latter so that the open end of the tubular frame is turned towards the opening of the bottom of the sheath, the pusher when it is actuated coming to act in pushing against the male earth pin of the other element

According to yet another feature, the connection element comprises a clip device for the protection of Cl and C2 circuits thereof to ground voltage surges and suπnlcnsitc v ia circuit CD and mo in triggering the ^ejection device , this trigger moven or 1 of the elements of the latter constituting a dipole placed in series on the CD circuit

Finally according to another feature of the ^invention, which finds for example its application to a connecting element (2) having at least one male pin and at least one female connector, one of these pins being a phase pin or spindle neutral and ^the other a ground pin, the clipping device comprises at least one vaπstancc connected on the one hand has live spindle or the neutral pin and ^the other to one of the poles of the means of trigger. 1 other pole being connected, by the CD circuit. to the ground pin either directly or 1 via ^a gas discharge tube that includes the clipping device

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the description of a preferred embodiment given by way of non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which

- Figure 1 shows in schematic form, a device according to the invention associated with two connection elements, the latter being connected to one another.

- Figure 2 shows in schematic form a device according to the invention after activation - Figure 3 shows schematically, a device according to the inv ention associated with an anal sc moven able to generate a fault current.

- Figure 4 is a partial sectional view of the device with a fuse stop member according to a first embodiment.

- Figure 5 is a partial sectional view of the device with a fusible bulee member according to a second embodiment.

- Figure 6 is a partial sectional view of the device with a fusible stop member according to a third embodiment.

- Figure 7 is a partial sectional view of the device with a fusible stop member according to a fourth embodiment. - Figure 8 is a partial sectional view of the device with a bulee member in the form of a clamp

- Figure 9 is a partial sectional view of the device showing the actuation mechanism

- Figure 10 is a partial sectional view of the device showing an actuation mechanism according to another embodiment.

FIG. 1 1 is a partial sectional view of the device showing the non-return stop mechanism - FIG. 12 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale of a connection element according to the invention,

- Figure 13 is a front view of the connection element according to the invention

- Figure 14 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention. - Figure 15 is a schematic view ^of a connecting member w ith an ^ejection device and clipping means

In Figure 1 is shown an ejection device 1. according to the invention, for the mechanical separation of two connection elements 2 and 3 which are electrically associated with two electrical circuits C1 and C2 Without this being limiting. one of the two circuits can be constituted by one of the sections ^of a distribution installation of electrical energy or by the electrical circuit of a device connected to this installation, while the other is consisting of other sections of the plant or the whole installation ^the electrical installation may be that ^of a ^dwelling place, ^a workshop etc. both circuits are to be connected one to the other by the connection elements 2 and 3 and for this purpose the latter have metal pins 4 and 5 intended, by engagement of two connection elements one towards the other, to come into contact with one other to establish an electrical connection between them and therefore establish an electrical connection between the circuits C1 and C2. pins 4 and 5 being electrically connected, respectively to electrical circuits C1 and C2 Conventionally one of the pins is male tvpe while the other is female type and receives the male pin

The connection pins 4 and 5 are fixed to the base 6. 7 of their connection element 2. 1 by any known means

The ejection device comprises a frame intended to be secured to the base of one of the two connection elements, in this case the base 6 of the element 2. this frame carrying a movable pusher 9 made of a material having for example electrical insulation properties such as synthetic material

This pusher 9 by its front end is disposed facing an opening 10 of the base, for example in the form of a through hole, and is secured to an actuating mechanism 1 1 Under the effect of the action of this mechanism, the pusher is moved towards the other element, and by passing through the opening 10. acts to push on the latter Under the effect of the reaction force to the pushing force, the connecting element 2 is released from the connection element 1 and the pins 4 and 5 are released from each other which electrically separates the circuits C2 and C2 from one another (FIG. 2) Of course the travel of the pusher will be sufficient to ensure the mechanical separation of the two elements 2. 3

The actuation mechanism 1 1 comprises a trigger means 12 activated by a fault current conveyed by an electric circuit CD The activation of the trigger mode 12 activates the actuation mechanism and the latter propels the pusher connection element 1 This fault current may be generated by an overvoltage or an overcurrent or by significant heat generation or by any anomalies in one or other of the circuits which may lead to their destruction or to the destruction of some of their components This fault current can be the current diverted towards the ground or towards a ground by an accidental short-circuit For example, one of the circuits can be that of an electric device The wear or else a fault of insulation of the phase wire or the neutral wire of the electrical appliance may be the cause of a current leakage to the appliance's earth and to earth To remedy such a fault, potential Dangerous for the user, the electrical installations are fitted with earth leakage circuit breakers which isolate the faulty line from the rest of the installation However, this arrangement does not ensure the physical separation between the installation and the faulty device. This problem is solved by the device according to the invention since it provides, in a response time less than that of the circuit breaker. differential, physical separation of the two circuits the fault current can etic also the current dcπv é ers ground through protective devices, for example of the type ensuring ^clipping overvoltages such as surge arrester devices or parasurtcnsion such devices drift to earth the overvoltages or overloads that the electrical energy distribution network undergoes before they reach the live parts of the electrical installation connected to this network and to the devices connected to this installation These overvoltages or overloads can find their origin in handling errors on the network, lightning strikes and others The current failure can also be due to a faulty II guard is obvious that ^the inv ention is not limited to ^the use ^of a particular pe tv protection device or to a particular type of device ^clipping

The fault current can also be generated by a mo in analv sc 13 that includes the trigger moven This moven analvse. as shown sv noptically in Figure 3. is associated with circuit C1 and / or with circuit C2 to analyze the electrical characteristics of the incoming and / or outgoing currents and generate the fault current if these characteristics are outside the standards imposed For example, a fault current will be emitted in the presence of an abrupt variation in frequency, a sudden drop or rise in voltage or intensity or more generally all kinds of electrical faults or parasites which, by their nature or their intensity, may be the cause irreversible malfunctions or destruction of fragile components such as certain integrated circuits capable of equipping circuits Cl and C2 For example in this specific case, circuits C l and C2 can equip devices such as microcomputers, instruments measurement etc

The trigger mov 12 or that of its intended components to be traversed by the fault current in v eu trigger the ^actuation mechanism is arranged in electric dipole and is electrically connected by its two poles to cd electric circuit of the current fault This dipole is placed in series on the electrical circuit CD

The frame 8 of the device 1. in the preferred embodiment, is arranged as a tubular guide and has an internal chamber preferably cv lindπque This tubular frame is made for example of a material nthetic having qualities of electrical insulation The tubular frame 8 at one of its ends has an opening and at the other a transverse closure wall 14 The opening of the frame is positioned in correspondence with the opening 10 of the base 6 The pusher 9. opposite the wall d shutter 14. is equipped with a piston shape forming with the shutter wall and the part of the frame chamber between the piston shape and the wall 14 a capsulism in which is housed the actuating mechanism 1 1 According to a first embodiment, the actuating mechanism 1 1 is constituted by a spring element arranged in compression between the wall 14 of the frame 8 and the piston shape of the pusher According to this form of embodiment sation, the pusher 9 is provided with a cv lindπque tail 15. for example rigid, rooted in the pusher This tail 15 passes right through capsulism as well as a piercing piercing central practiced in the wall 14. depending on its thickness Externally to the tubular frame 8. the tail 15 receives a bulee member 16 This stop member, bearing against the external face, to capsulism. of the wall 14. immobilizes the pusher 9 and maintains in compression the spring element constituting the actuation mechanism 1 1 It is therefore understandable that the withdrawal or destruction of the abutment member 16 will result in releasing the actuation mechanism 1 1 and therefore to actuate the pusher 9 towards the opening 10 of the base and therefore towards the other element 1

Advantageously, the stop member 16 is made of an electrically conductive and fusible material and is placed in series on the electric circuit CD of the fault current (FIG. 4) Also this current by Joule effect will bring the material constituting the stop from a solid state to a pasty or liquid state according to which it can no longer offer resistance to the action of the spring element which will then be released and will actuate the pusher 9 towards the other element 3 for the purpose of disconnection of the two elements

The fusible stop member 16. as can be seen in FIG. 5. May be in the form of a boss formed around the tail. This boss will be connected to the electrical circuit CD at two points, preferably diametrically opposite Ce boss can be anchored in one or more circular grooves that has the tail 15 This arrangement ensures a connection by obstacle between the organ of bulee 16 cl the tail 15 and avoids any unwanted sliding of the tail 15 in the organ of the butec 16 under the effect of the permanent action of the spring element constituting the actuating mechanism 1 1

To facilitate the triggering of the mechanism 1 1 the material constituting the stop member is at a low melting point This material can be a metal alloy Conclusive tests have been obtained with an alloy whose melting point is around 80 ° Celsius It is also possible to use an alloy whose melting point is around 50 degrees Celsius By using such a material, the response time of the device is reduced

The response time of the device is also reduced by placing the fuse stop member 16 in contact with an electrical conductor 17 also placed in series on the CD circuit of the fault electric current, this electrical conductor with the abutment fuse constituting the trigger Moven the conductor 17 is connected in parallel w ith ^the abutment member 16

The electrical conductor 17. as can be seen in FIG. 6. takes the form of a wire forming at least one turn of winding around the tail 15 in a sufficiently loose manner, to allow, after fusion of the ^abutment member, the disengagement of the stem 1 this coil is no ed in the mass of the abutment member 16 increases the mechanical strength of ^the abutment member 16 and ^precludes the flow of the latter number of turns ^winding can be formed around the tail 15 and this in one or more layers

In the embodiment which has just been described, the heat required for the change of state of ^the stop member 16 is provided by the conductor 17 thereof, to enhance the Joule effect, having a certain electrical resistance also thread. in its part intended to be embedded in the mass of the stop member 16. may be stripped Due to the use of a conductor 17 to provide the heat to melt ^the abutment member 16 it is possible, according to a variant of ^{implementation,} to use a non-electrically conductive material for the production of ^the body of stop 16.

According to an alternative embodiment, the turn will forcefully enclose the tail 15 to make a particularly firm bond connection. On this bond by adhesion can be superimposed a bond by obstacle if the tightening force of the turn on the tail 1 and large enough for the wire 17 to penetrate slightly into the material of the tail 15. In this embodiment, the turn constitutes an anchor point to the material of the fusible stop member. Still according to this embodiment, the constituent wire of the turn is fusible to melt with the stop which guarantees the release of the tail 15.

According to another embodiment, as can be seen in FIG. 7. there is provided a pyrotechnic cartridge 18 disposed in contact with the fuse stop member 16. This cartridge is triggered by the fault current and includes a setting element. fire placed in series on the electric circuit CD of the fault current, this firing element is capable of igniting the pyrotechnic charge when it is crossed by the fault current. In this embodiment, the firing element. the pyrotechnic cartridge 18 and the fusible stop member, constitute the triggering means. This cartridge forms a cap and caps the fusible stop member

The pyrotechnic cartridge 18 has the advantage of releasing, in a reduced time interval, a large amount of heat which is largely sufficient to bring the material constituting the abutment member very quickly to its melting point. With such an element, the response time of the ejection device is particularly reduced.

The stop member, as can be seen in FIG. 8, may consist of a clamp 19. This clamp is provided with two opposite jaws 19a mounted in a tubular support 1 c. in articulation each on an axis 19b secured to this support 19c. This support 19c. metallic, is provided ^with a fixing base to the wall 14 of the frame 8. Each jaw has a curved front end forming a mouthpiece 20. The two jaws 20 of the clamp in the closed position, are engaged in a annular groove, of appropriate cross section, formed in the tail 15. Under the effect of the pushing action exerted by the elastic element 11, the spouts 20 abut against the external face of the transverse wall 14 of the tubular frame 8 and thus ensure the retention of the pusher. The jaws 19a are urged towards the closed position of the clamp 19 by an elastic member 21 in the form of a ring. This elastic ring can be mounted in grooves made in the jaws 19a. The jaws 19a of the clamp are maneuverable in the direction of opening and therefore in the direction of release of the tail 15, by an electromagnet 22 whose coil 23 is placed in series on the electric circuit CD of the fault current. Thus the presence of a fault current in the electrical circuit CD. activates the electromagnet and the clamp jaws, under the action of the electromagnet. move away from each other and the spouts 20 disengage from the groove of the 15. In this way, the actuation mechanism 11 is suddenly released and can then propel the pusher 9 towards the opening 10. According to this embodiment, the trigger means 12 is constituted by the clamp and the electromagnet

As can be seen in Figure 8. each jaw 19a of the clamp 19 has a median boss 24 by which it is articulated to the axis 19b The coil of the electro-magnet is disposed in the tubular support. the latter forming a cylinder head The coil is engaged around the rear part of the clamp The movable novau of the electromagnet can be constituted by the rear part of each jaw of the clamp and the jaws in this case are made of iron soft As a variant, as can be seen in FIG. 8. the mobile core of the electromagnet can also be formed by a tubular piece 25 slidably mounted around the rear part of the clamp. In this case, the rear part of each jaw 19a has a divergent ramp surface against which the tubular part 25 acts in pushing during its movement towards the rear under the effect of the action exerted by the electromagnet when it is traversed by the current The displacement towards the rear of the part 25 causes the jaws 19a to pivot about their axis 19b and the opening of the clamp. Such a stop mechanism can be reset and in order to facilitate ter this operation the tail 15 of the pusher 9 has a frustoconical end The frustoconical shape facilitates, after triggering of the actuation mechanism. the re-engagement of the tail 15 between the jaws 19a of the pliers

According to the preferred embodiment, the spring element constituting the actuating mechanism 1 1 is constituted by a spring with non-contiguous turns arranged around the tail 15. in compression between the end wall 14 and the piston shape of the pusher 9 Such an arrangement is notably represented in FIG. 9

According to an alternative embodiment, not shown, the spring element may be constituted by a volume of compressed gas, enclosed in the capsulism formed between the piston shape of the pusher 9 cl the end wall 14 To ensure the sealing of the capsulism of the segments sealing may be arranged in grooves formed on the cylindrical surface of the piston shape of the pusher el an annular seal will be arranged around the tail 15 in a groove formed in the wall 14 around the central through bore that presents the latter

According to yet another alternative not shown embodiment, ^the spring element is constituted by a block of elastic material disposed in compression in the capsuling around the tail 15

We have previously described an actuating mechanism 1 1 constituted by a spring element but according to an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10 this mechanism is constituted by a pyrotechnic cartridge which can be started by the fault current and comprising a setting element a fire 26 placed in series on the electrical circuit CD and capable of igniting the rotational pv charge when it is crossed by this fault current In this variant, the pusher is no longer provided with the tail 15. likewise no stop member 16 is required ^the firing elemenl constitutes the trigger 12 Moven

It is often necessary to prohibit resetting the device after tripping. Thus, as can be seen in FIG. 1 1. there is a stop mechanism 27 ensuring, after actuation of the pusher 9 towards the open end, the blocking of the movement of backtracking of said pusher Preferably this bulee mechanism is constituted by a projecting finger 27a freely engaged in a transverse bore 28 formed in the tubular wall of the frame 8 so as to penetrate into the tubular frame. and is carried externally to the frame 8 by an elastic blade 27b which urges it towards the inside of the frame The finger 27a forms an acute angle with the trajectory of the pusher so that it is pushed outwards by the latter during its softly towards the open end of the lubricous frame 8 and after passage of the pusher, can be engaged under the effect of the action of the elastic blade, behind the shape of the piston which prevents the return movement of the pusher , and consequently, the re-engagement of the two elements 2. 1 towards each other In the preferred embodiment, the stop mechanism 27 is constituted by a bent spring leaf, fixed by riv and on the frame 8. the bent part of the elastic blade constituting the protruding finger 27a

According to an execution variant, not shown, the stop mechanism 27 can be replaced by a brake mechanism opposing the resetting of the device by ensuring, after actuation of the pusher (9) towards the open end, the blocking or braking the rear return movement of the pusher This brake mechanism can be constituted by an elastic metal cup constituted for example by a deformed, concave washer This cup will be fixed to the piston shape of the pusher coaxially with the tail 15 and its concavity will be turned v ers the wall 14 by its circular periphery, the cup will come against the inner cylindrical surface of the frame 8 L orientation of the concavity of the cup allows the mov ement of the pusher 9 toward ^the orifice 10. in rev reed during movement opposite the frictional forces between the inner cylindrical surface of the frame and the cup are aligned in the direction ^of a reduction of the concavity and Don c in the direction ^of increasing the diameter of the cup II will result in a locking tendency or at least a tendency to braking mov ement return the pusher According to another embodiment, not shown the brake mechanism consists the terminal portion has ant the spring 1 1 c ^that is to say the portion located close to the piston-shaped this end portion is substantially develop in a straight and v îendra with its free end in contact with the cylindrical inner surface and away from the form of the piston relative to the longitudinal axis of the terminal portion capsuling dev eloppera an acute angle This provision allows the mov ement of the pusher towards ^the opening 10. in rev reed prohibits or at least slows the rear return movement of the pusher The device as described can receive all arrangements and laughs, as can be seen in Figure 12. the tail of the pusher 9 may consist of a braid or a metallic wire, for example of copper and the wall 14 may be provided with a nozzle 11 comprising a through hole arranged in alignment with the through hole of the wall 14 The push-button 9. projecting on the shaped piston is provided with a stepped portion for receiving the end of spring 1 av ant 1L ^abutment member fuse 16 may be formed by a weld point

Similarly, as can be seen in Figure 14. the tubular frame 8. can be equipped with a longitudinal slot into which one end of a leaf spring fixed by its other end to the base of ^the connecting element In this embodiment, the frame 8 is one some pins of the connection element 2 and is intended to receive one of the male pins of the connection element 1 In this embodiment the tubular frame is made of an electrically conductive material The leaf spring constitutes the actuation mechanism 1 1 and the upper part of this spring is to say the one located in the frame 8. constitutes the pusher 9 is in receipt of a member constituting the pusher 1 to the plate 1 spring is retained in the rear position, c ^' is to say in tension, by a fuse stop member 16 constituted by a metal wire fixed on the one hand to said spring and on the other hand has a lug which has the frame 8 The loosening or breaking of the wire 16 releases the spring blade and the latter by its upper part forming a push rod act against the male pin of the connection element 1 The wire 16 is placed in series on the circuit CD of the fault current cl is able to heat up and fo NDRE when trav erse by this current, this thread 16 constitutes the Moven trigger or one of ^the components thereof

The ejection device 1 as described is designed to be integrated into a connection element comprising, without being limiting, at least one electrical connection pin. In FIG. 12 is shown in section a connection element 2 for u of a device 1 according to the invention In the embodiment shown, the connection element 2 comprises two male pins 29 cl 30 intended to be connected to the phase and neutral electrical lines of the electrical installation by means of pins females of the second connection element 3. and a female pin 31 intended to be connected to the earth circuit of the installation via a male pin of the second connection element 3 This second element not shown in FIG. 12 can be constituted by a wall outlet

Preferably, for security reasons, cv identes. the base 6 of the connection element 2 is in the form of a closed box on all sides thus surrounding the electrical connection of pins 29. 10 and 11 to the electrical wires of the electrical circuit associated with this element This electrical circuit can be that of an electrical appliance The ejection device is positioned in the base of the housing so that its pusher 9 is disposed in the direction of the element release movement and facing the orifice passing through said device being integral with its frame 8 of the base 6 of said element The frame 8 can be integral with the base 6 or else according to a preferred embodiment, the frame 8 is attached to the base 6 and is fixed to the latter by any known means those skilled in the art By way of example, the frame 8. at the level of its open end, may have a thread to be fixed by screwing in a thread which comprises the through bore 10

In the arrangement of Figure 12. the through hole 10 is formed in the bottom wall of a sheath shape 32 that includes the base 3, this sheath shape 32 receiving ant the female pin 31 of earth. Conventionally, the pin 31 comprises two opposite elements defining a conduit intended to receive the male pin, these two elements being elastically biased towards one another to establish contact with the male pin. Such a type of pin is widely known and is used in many current pπses In this spindle 3 1 and in the sheath 32 is engaged the ground pin of the male type of the other element 3 (not shown) The ejection device 1 is axially aligned with the sheath 32 and is fixed to the latter, the open end of the frame 8 being turned towards the bore 10 of the bottom of the sheath 32. According to this arrangement, the pusher 9 when it is actuated by the mechanism 1 1. v icnt act in pushed against the male earth pin of the element 1 Preferably the front end of the pusher, that is to say that intended to cooperate in pushing with the male pin, has a centering recess on the end of the male pin

The ejection device shown in FIG. 12 and in FIG. 15 comprises a stop member 16 fuse with conductor 17 embedded in the mass, but it is obvious that it can be used one of any other variant of devices described above the ^abutment member of fuse 16 in this example is constituted by an electrically conductive alloy in Figure 15 we can notice that ^the fusible stop member is supported on an insulating plate 37 mounted against the wall 14 on this wafer are formed two conductive tracks 18 diametrically opposed with respect to the abutment member 16 and each ^extending from this body, with which they are in electrical contact, to a connecting pole 19 Bi connection pin that comprises the wafer are electrically connected to two ends of the conductor 17 electric dipole formed by ^the abutment member, the tracks 18 and the conductor 17 is placed in series on the CD circuit. the latter being connected to each of the poles 39 The dipole as described constitutes the trigger moven 12.

The connection element 2. as can be seen in FIG. 15. is advantageously fitted with a clipping device ensuring the protection of the circuits Cl and C2 by diverting the overvoltages and overcurrent to the earth via the triggering means 12 Ce protection device is electrically connected to the CD circuit to generate through the latter and therefore through the trip moven 12. the fault current. This protection device can comprise at least one vaπstance and / or at least one gas spark gap. For the connection element that is the object of FIG. 12 and of FIG. 15, two vaπstanccs 14 15 and a gas spark gap 36 (represented in FIG. 15 ) may be mounted in the base housing 6 one of the two vaπstances 34 is electrically connected firstly to the male pin 29 which can be phase pin and secondly ^via the CD circuit one of poles 19 of the trigger moven 12. At this same pole, always through the CD circuit. the second varistor 35 is electrically connected. This second varistor 35 will also be connected to the second male pin 10 which may be the neutral pin. By its other pole 39 and the section of the CD circuit electrically connected to this pole, the tripping Moven 12 is electrically connected to the ground pin female 31. either directly or via ^the spark gap g / 16 which will be placed in series on the CD circuit.

Claims

1 / Ejection device (1) for the mechanical separation of two elements (2). (1) ensuring the electrical connection of two electrical circuits (Cl). (C2) one to the other, one of the two elements comprising at least one connection pin of the female tee (5) (11). electrically connected to the circuit (C2) and subject to a base (6) (7) and the other element at least one connection pin of the male tvpe (4) (29). (30) electrically connected to the circuit (Cl) and subject to a base (6) (7) and intended, by engagement of the two elements (2). (3) towards each other, to be introduced into the female pin of the other element and come into contact with the latter to establish an electrical connection between the electrical circuits (Cl). (C2) associated with these said pins, characterized in that it comprises a frame (8) intended to be secured to the base of one of the two elements, this frame receiving a movable pusher (9) secured to a mechanism actuation (11) comprising a triggering means (12) controlled by a fault current due for example to an overvoltage or to a suπntensile through the pins of the connection elements and / or to a strong release of heat and / or to an anomaly in one of the two electrical circuits (Cl). (C2). said pusher (9) under the effect of the action of the actuating mechanism (1 1) being moved towards the other element and comes to act in pushing on the latter in the direction of release of the two elements (2). (3) one from the other and therefore in the direction of the release of the male pin from one of the elements, from the female pin of the other

2 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 1. characterized in that the pusher (9) is provided with a shape of piston mounted in soft sliding in a tubular guide constituting the frame (8) said frame having an opening at one of its ends and a closure wall (14) to the other, the actuating mechanism (11) being housed in the capsuling formed between the wall ^shutter (14) of the tubular frame (8) and the piston shape of the pusher (9). said mechanism (1 1). when it is triggered acting axially in thrust on the piston shape to move in translation the plunger (9) from a waiting position towards the open end of the frame (8) and towards the other element on which it acts so in push

3 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 2. characterized in that the actuation mechanism (11) consists of a spring element in compression between the shape of the piston and the closure wall (14) and that the pusher (9) is provided with a tail (15) rooted in the shape of a piston and extending axially in the capsulism. said tail (15) being engaged in a tra ersing bore made in the closure wall (14) and receiving, externally to the tubular frame (8). a stop member (16) (19). bearing against the outer face of the wall ^shutter (14) which maintains the compressive elastic member in the capsuling. destruction or withdrawal of the stop member (16) (19) causing the actuation mechanism to be triggered (1 1)

4 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 3. characterized in that the stop member (16) is fusible, said stop member constituting the triggering mo (12) or one of the components of this latest 5 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 4. characterized in that the fuse stop member

(16) is formed by a boss formed around the tail (15) and is made of a material with a low melting point

6 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 4 or claim 5. characterized in that the fuse stop member (1) is placed in series on the electric circuit (CD) of the fault current

Il Ejection device (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6. characterized in that the fuse stop member (16) is in contact with an electrical conductor (17) placed in series on the electrical circuit (CD) of the fault current, said electrical conductor has the fuse element constituting the triggering mov 8 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 7. characterized in that the electrical conductor

(17) is in the form of a wire having at least one turn around the tail (15). the whorl formed being embedded in the mass of the fusible stop member (16)

9 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of rev endications 3 to 5. characterized by a rotechnical cartridge p (18) disposed in contact with the fuse stop member (16). said cartridge (18) being triggered by the fault current and comprising a firing element placed in series on the electric circuit (CD) of the fault current, and capable of igniting the rotational pv charge when it is crossed by the fault current, the firing element. the cartridge (18) and the fuse stop member (16). constituting the triggering means (12)

10 / Ejection device according to claim characterized in that - the stop member is constituted by a clamp (19) provided with two jaws (19a) opposite, articulated, enclosing the tail (15) of the pusher (9 ).

- The jaws (19a) are each provided with a curved front end (20) forming a beak.

- The two nozzles (20) are engaged in the closed position of the jaws (1a) of the pliers, under the effect of the action of an elastic member (21). in an annular groove in the shank (15) of the pusher (9) and come in position of retention, in abutment against the external face of the wall ^shutter (14) of the tubular frame (8).

the jaws (19a) of the clamp (19) are associated with an electromagnet (22) whose coil (23) is placed in series on the electric circuit (CD) of the fault current and are operated by the latter, when it is traversed by the fault current, towards an open position in which the nozzles (20) are released from the groove which frees the actuation mechanism (1 1)

- said clamp and said electromagnet constituting the triggering mov (12)

1 1 / Ejection device (1) according to rev endication 10. characterized in that the coil (23) of the electromagnet (22) is formed in a tubular support (19c). metallic, forming a cylinder head and is engaged around the rear part of the clamp (19) 12 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 10 or claim 11. characterized in that the movable core of the electromagnet consists by the rear part of each jaw (19a) of the pliers, the said jaws being made of soft iron 11 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 1 1. characterized in that the movable core of the electromagnet is formed by a tubular part (25) mounted around the rear part of the clamp (19) and that the rear part of each jaw (19a) of the clamp has an ergonomic div ramp surface against which the tubular part (25) comes to push when it moves backwards which causes the clamp (19) to open

14 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of rev endications 3 to 13. characterized in that the spring element constituting the actuating mechanism (1 1) is a spring with non-contiguous turns

15 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 2. characterized in that the actuating mechanism (1 1) is constituted by a rotechnic pv cartridge primable by the fault current and comprising a firing element (26 ) placed in series on the electrical circuit (CD) of the fault current, and capable of igniting the rotational pv load when the fault current is passed through, the firing element (26) constituting the triggering means (12) or one of the components of the latter

16 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a stop mechanism (27) ensuring, after actuation of the pusher (9) towards the open end, the blocking of the movement back push back

17 / Ejection device (1) according to claim 16. characterized in that the stop mechanism (27) is constituted by a projecting finger (27a) freely engaged in a through hole made in the tubular wall of the frame (8) so as to enter the tubular frame. said finger (27a) is carried externally to the frame by an elastic blade which urges it towards the inside of the frame and the finger (27a) forms an acute angle with the trajectory of the pusher (9) so as to be able to be pushed towards outside by the piston of the pusher (9) during the movement of the latter to the open frame of the frame (8) and after passage of the pusher (9) can be engaged, under the effect of the action of the elastic blade (27b). behind the piston shape to prevent the return movement of the pusher (9) and therefore the re-engagement of the two elements (2). (3) towards each other

18 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of rev endications 10 to 13. characterized in that the tail (15) of the pusher has a frustoconical end to facilitate, after triggering of the actuation mechanism (1 1) . its engagement between the jaws (19a) of the clamp (19) with a view to resetting the mechanism (1 1) 19 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 15 characterized in that it comprises a brake mechanism ensuring, after actuation of the pusher (9) towards the open end, the blocking or braking of the rear return movement of the pusher (9)

20 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the triggering means (12) is associated with an analysis means (13) of the characteristics of the current in one at less than the two electrical circuits (C l). (C2). this analysis moven (13) being able to generate the fault current if the characteristics of the current change and are outside the normal 21 / Ejection device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 19. characterized in that the fault current is the return current to earth

22 / Electrical connection element (2) comprising a base (6) and at least one electrical connection pin carried by the base and intended to be electrically associated with an electric circuit (Cl) and come into contact with an electric pin carried by the base (7) of a second connection element (3), the engagement of the pin of said element in contact with the pin of the other being effected by engagement of the two elements (2). (1) towards each other characterized in that said element is equipped with at least one ejection device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims

23 / electrical connection element (2) according to claim 22. characterized in that the pusher (9) of the ejection device (1) is arranged in the direction of the release movement of said element and facing a through hole (10 ) practiced in the base (6). said device (1) being integral, by its frame (8), with the base (6) of said element

24 / Electrical connection element (2) according to claim 23. characterized in that when it is actuated. the pusher (9) engages in the through hole (10) of the base to exert a thrust force on the other element.

25 / connection element (2) according to claim 24. comprising an ejection device (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 18 and at least one pin of the male type (29). (10) and a female type pin (31) connected to the earth circuit in which and in contact with which engages the male earth pin of the other element (3). said female earth pin (31) being mounted in a sheath (32) of the base (6) of the element, this sheath (32) having a bottom wall, characterized in that the through bore (10) is made in the bottom wall of the sheath (12) and that the ejection device (1) is axially aligned with the sheath and fixed to the latter the open end of the tubular frame facing the bore (10) of the bottom of the sheath , the pusher when actuated coming to act in pushing against the male earth pin of the other element 26 / Connection element (2) according to any one of claims 22 to 25. characterized in that it includes a clipping device. of protection ensuring the protection of the circuits (Cl) and (C2) by diverting the overvoltages and overcurrent to the earth via the circuit (CD) and the trigger moven (12) of the ejection device, this trigger means or the one of the elements of the latter constituting a dipole placed in series on the CD 27 circuit / Connection element (2) according to claim 26 comprising at least one male pin

(29) (30) and at least one female pin (11) one of these pins being a phase pin or a neutral pin and the other a ground pin characterized in that the clipping device comprises at least a vaπstance (34). (35) connected on the one hand to the phase pin or to the neutral pin and on the other hand to one of the poles (39) of the triggering means (12). ^the other pole being connected with the circuit (CD) to the ground pin either directly or via ^a gas discharge tube (36) that comprises the clipping device