WO1998047914A2 - Us6 gen aus dem humanen cytomegalovirus (hcmv) - Google Patents
Us6 gen aus dem humanen cytomegalovirus (hcmv) Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998047914A2 WO1998047914A2 PCT/EP1998/002225 EP9802225W WO9847914A2 WO 1998047914 A2 WO1998047914 A2 WO 1998047914A2 EP 9802225 W EP9802225 W EP 9802225W WO 9847914 A2 WO9847914 A2 WO 9847914A2
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- Prior art keywords
- nucleic acid
- polypeptide
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/16011—Herpesviridae
- C12N2710/16111—Cytomegalovirus, e.g. human herpesvirus 5
- C12N2710/16122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gene from the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a polypeptide encoded thereby, an antibody directed against the polypeptide and the pharmaceutical application of the nucleic acid, the polypeptide and the antibody.
- HCMV human cytomegalovirus
- T cells that express oiss receptors specialize in the detection of peptides presented by MHC-encoded molecules. Proteins that are synthesized during viral gene expression are degraded in the cytosol by the proteasome. Then peptides are assembled using transporter molecules (TAP) with the heavy MHC class I chain and 32 microglobulin to form a trimeric complex (MJ Androlewicz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 ( 1993) 9130; JJ Neefjes et al. Science 261 (1993) 769; T.
- TAP transporter molecules
- This complex is then transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the ER-Golgi-Intermediate Compartment (ERGIC) / cis-Golgi network, the middle Golgi and the Trans-Golgi (TGN) network to the plasma membrane, where the MHC complex presents the peptide for cytotoxic CD8 T cells.
- ER endoplasmic reticulum
- ERGIC ER-Golgi-Intermediate Compartment
- TGN Trans-Golgi
- DNA viruses such as smallpox viruses, herpes viruses and adenoviruses, contain genes which inhibit the development of an inflammatory reaction by influencing the complement cascade and by interaction with cytokines and interferons (Smith, Trends in Microbiol. 2 (1994), 81-88). These genes seem to lary genes of the respective host, and their potential function can be predicted by sequence homology.
- viruses can also influence the antigen presentation via the MHC class I mechanism by acting on proteins which are involved in the antigen presentation. No cellular homologs have yet been found for these viral genes. There is therefore a particular interest in them because they can point to previously unknown functions in cell biology.
- CMV Cyotmegaloviruses
- IE very early
- E early
- L late
- Cytomegaloviruses have developed specific functions to escape the cellular immune response.
- HCMV human CMV
- MCMV mouse CMV
- the protein ICP47 (McGeoch et al., J. Mol. Biol. 181 (1985), 1-13) is known from the herpes simplex virus type I and also inhibits the antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules (York et al ., Cell. 77 (1994), 525-535; Frueh et al. Nature 375 (1995), 415-418).
- the protein ICP47 acts as an inhibitor of peptide transport proteins (TAP).
- TAA peptide transport proteins
- E3 / 19K is known from adenoviruses, which binds the heavy chains of MHC class I transplantation antigens from humans and mice (cf. e.g.
- the protein E3 / 19K shows a direct association with MHC class I molecules from humans, mice and rats, whereby the intracellular transport and the expression on the cell surface are strongly inhibited.
- the object of the present invention was to identify new genes which influence the antigen presentation by MHC I molecules and thus act as immunomodulators.
- the invention describes the identification, cloning and characterization of a gene from human cytomegalovirus, which is designated as US6 and which codes for a new polypeptide.
- This gene was identified by transfection in mammalian cells as an inhibitor of MHC expression.
- the gene product of the US6 gene significantly inhibits the surface expression of MHC I molecules.
- the US6 gene, the polypeptide encoded therefrom and antibodies directed against the polypeptide are suitable as diagnostic, therapeutic or preventive agents for diseases which are directly or indirectly associated with disorders of the MHC class I antigen presentation on the cell surface.
- the gene and the polypeptide are suitable as immunomodulators for gene therapy.
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid which codes for a polypeptide which influences the MHC class I antigen presentation, comprising:
- the in SEQ ID No. The nucleotide sequence shown in Figure 1 contains an open reading frame of 549 bp which corresponds to a polypeptide with a length of 183 amino acids.
- the amino acid sequence of this polypeptide is shown in SEQ ID No. 2 shown.
- the polypeptide is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein with a calculated molecular mass of 21 kDa.
- the invention also comprises a nucleotide sequence which hybridizes with one of the aforementioned sequences.
- hybridization according to the present invention is used as in Sambrook et al.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention is preferably not associated with other protein-coding nucleic acid sections from HCMV. Furthermore, the nucleic acid according to the invention is preferably operatively linked to an expression control sequence which is active in eukaryotic cells, in particular in mammalian cells.
- the nucleotide sequence according to the invention is preferably a DNA. However, it can also comprise an RNA or a nucleic acid analog, such as a peptide nucleic acid.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention particularly preferably comprises a sequence which corresponds to the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1 nucleotide sequence shown and preferably the luminal portion thereof has a homology of more than 80%, preferably as 90% and particularly preferably more than 95%.
- a modified nucleic acid according to the invention or a nucleic acid analogue according to the invention contains at least one 12 base, preferably at least 15 base long section of the nucleic acid sequence as previously indicated.
- Such substances are suitable as hybridization probes, antisense molecules or catalytically active ribozymes.
- Another object of the present invention is a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid as indicated above.
- This polypeptide preferably has
- Nucleic acids according to the invention are obtainable from cytomegaloviruses, in particular from human cytomegaloviruses. You can use known techniques using short sections of the procedure described in SEQ ID No. 1 nucleotide sequence shown as hybridization probes and / or primers can be isolated by known methods. Furthermore, nucleic acids according to the invention can be produced by mutagenesis from naturally occurring nucleic acids or by chemical synthesis. In chemical synthesis, modified nucleotide building blocks can optionally be used instead of the usual nucleotide building blocks. Nucleic acids which consist partially or completely of modified nucleotide building blocks or nucleic acid analogs such as peptide nucleic acids whose base sequence corresponds to a nucleic acid according to the invention can be used, for example, as therapeutic agents.
- Another object of the present invention is a recombinant vector which contains at least one copy of a nucleic acid according to the invention.
- This vector can be any prokaryotic or eukaryotic vector on which the nucleic acid according to the invention is under the control of an expression signal (promoter, operator, enhancer etc.).
- prokaryotic vectors are chromosomal vectors such as bacteriophages and extrachomosomal vectors such as plasmids, circular plasmid vectors being particularly preferred.
- Suitable prokaryotic vectors are e.g. B. Sambrook et al. , Supra, chap. 1-4.
- the vector according to the invention is particularly preferably a eukaryotic vector, in particular a vector for mammalian cells.
- Particularly preferred vectors are vectors suitable for gene therapy, such as retroviruses, modified adenoviruses or adeno-associated viruses.
- retroviruses such as retroviruses, modified adenoviruses or adeno-associated viruses.
- retroviruses such as retroviruses, modified adenoviruses or adeno-associated viruses.
- Such vectors are Expert in the field of molecular biology and gene therapy. In particular, Sambrook et al. , supra, chap. 16 on Kriegler, M.; Gene Transfer and Expression: A Laboratory Manual; Freeman and Company (NY) 1990 and on Vos, IMH; Viruses in human gene therapy; Caroline Academic Press, referenced in 1995.
- the invention also relates to muteins, variants and fragments thereof. These are to be understood as sequences which differ from the one shown in SEQ ID no. By substitution, deletion and / or insertion of individual amino acids or short amino acid segments. 2 differentiate amino acid sequence shown.
- variant includes both naturally occurring variations in individual virus strains and proteins generated by recombinant DNA technology (in particular in vitro mutagenesis with the aid of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides) which are capable of presenting the antigen of MHC class I molecules to affect the surface of cells.
- This term also includes chemically modified polypeptides which are attached to the termini and / or reactive amino acid side groups by acylation, e.g. B. acety- lation, or amidation are modified.
- Another object of the present invention is a cell which is transformed or transfected with a nucleic acid according to the invention or a vector according to the invention.
- the cell can be both a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell. Methods for transforming cells with nucleic acids are state of the art and therefore need not be explained in more detail. Examples of particularly preferred cells are eukaryotic cells, in particular animal cells and particularly preferably mammalian cells.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the polypeptide according to the invention or fragments of this polypeptide as an immunogen for the production of antibodies. Antibodies can be produced in a customary manner by immunizing experimental animals with the complete polypeptide or fragments thereof and then obtaining the resulting polyclonal antisera.
- monoclonal antibodies can be obtained from the antibody-producing cells of the test animals in a known manner by cell fusion. Human monoclonal antibodies can also be produced by known methods. Recombinant US6 protein or peptide fragments thereof are preferred as the immunogen.
- Another object of the present invention is thus an antibody against the US6 protein or a variant thereof, preferably an antibody that shows no cross-reaction with other CMV-encoded proteins.
- the antibody is particularly preferably directed against the entire polypeptide or against a peptide sequence which corresponds to amino acids 20 to 29 of the sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 2 corresponds to the amino acid sequence shown.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition which contains, as active components, nucleic acids, modified nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogs, vectors, cells, polypeptides or antibodies as stated above.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can furthermore contain pharmaceutically customary excipients, auxiliaries and / or additives and optionally further active components.
- the pharmaceutical composition can be used in particular for diagnostic purposes or for the production of a therapeutic agent.
- Use as a therapeutic agent for modulating the immune system is particularly preferred. This modulation of the immune system can be done by Influencing, in particular by inhibition, the antigen presentation of MHC class I molecules on the surface of cells can be achieved.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for applications in gene therapy, e.g. B. to reduce the immunogenicity of transfected cells.
- a nucleic acid according to the invention is operatively linked to an expression signal active in the intended host cell in a transfection vector suitable for gene therapy purposes. Expression of the US6 gene product in the cell transfected with the vector prevents or at least reduces recognition of the transfected cell by the immune system.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention can be introduced both in the body and extracorporeally in cells.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention can be used together with other known immunomodulatory agents which can be selected, for example, from viral MHC I inhibitors and nucleic acids coding therefor.
- viral MHC I inhibitors and nucleic acids coding therefor.
- Specific examples are the viral genes US2, US3, US11, ICP47 and E3 / 19K mentioned at the beginning and their gene products.
- the inhibitor according to the invention is distinguished from known inhibitors by the fact that it intervenes at a very late stage in the mechanism for the presentation of antigens by the MHC class I complex on the surface of cells. This late blocking can be combined in a particularly advantageous manner with the early blocking by the inhibitors of the prior art.
- SEQ ID No. 1. a nucleotide sequence which contains genetic information coding for the US6 gene and SEQ ID No. 2 the amino acid sequence of the US6 gene product.
- Figure 1 shows that US6 expression prevents CD8 + T cell recognition, MHC class I surface expression, and MHC class I complex formation due to inhibition of TAP-mediated peptide transport.
- Peptides # 67 (RYWANATRSF), # 600 (TNKTRIDGQY) and # 802 (RRYQNSTEL) radiolabeled with 12S I by chloramine-T-catalyzed iodination.
- the cells were permeabilized with streptolysin 0 (2.5 U / ml). 1.25 x 10 6 cells per sample were incubated with the peptide (1 uM) and 10 mM ATP in 0.1 ml incubation buffer (130 mM KC1, 5 mM Hepes pH 7.3, 10 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl 2, 2 mM EGTA, 2 mM MgCl 2 ) for 20 minutes at 37 ° C.
- the glycosylated peptide fraction was isolated with 30 ⁇ l concanavalin A (ConA) Sepharose slurry and quantified by ⁇ -counting.
- ConA concanavalin A
- the pulses per minute (cpm) obtained after Con A treatment were given as a percentage of the cpm used.
- HeLa cells were infected overnight with a US6 recombinant vaccinia virus or a control vaccinia virus with an infection multiplicity of 3.
- the black bars represent the transport speed in the presence of ATP, the white bars in the absence of ATP as a control.
- the mean of two experiments is given in each case.
- HCMV strain AD 169 (ATCC-VR538) was grown according to standard methods in tissue culture. The open reading frame of the US6 gene was cloned after PCR amplification of HCMV AD169 DNA.
- the primers were as follows: forward primer 5'-CGC GGG GGA TCC GCC GCC ATG GAT CTC TTG ATT CGT CTC-3 '; Reverse primer 5'-CGC GGG TCT AGA GAA TTC GCA TCA GGA GCC ACA ACG TCG-3 '.
- the PCR product was cloned into plasmid p7.5K131 (H.J. Schlicht et al., J. Virol.
- a US6 construct which contained the 24 bp FLAG sequence (Eastman Kodak, New Heaven, CT) on the 3 'side using the back primer 5'-CGC CCC TCT AGA TTA CTA CTT GTC ATC GTC GTC CTT GTA GTC CTC GAG GAT ATC GGA GCC ACA ACG TCG AAT GGG ACG-3 '.
- the PCR product was cloned into the 5'BamHI and 3'XbaI restriction sites of pcDNAIneo.
- hydrophilic FLAG sequence N-AspTyrLysAspAspAsp-AspLys-C
- sequence coding for US6 using a short oligopeptide spacer (Asp, Ile, Leu, Glu).
- the transfectants were screened for antigen presentation on HLA-A2 allospecific CD8 + CTL clones, MHC class I surface expression and TAP-mediated peptide transport.
- the isolated genes US2 (data not shown) and US6 reduced both the surface expression of MHC class I molecules and the recognition by CD 8+ CTL (Fig. 1A and B).
- the amino acid sequence of US6 corresponds to a type Ia transmembrane protein with a mass of 21 KD and a possible N-linked glycosylation site.
- confocal laser scanning microscopy was carried out on transfected HeLa cells using an affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit antiserum which recognizes the luminal domain of the US6 protein.
- HeLa-US6 transfectants were pretreated with 500 U / ml IFN ⁇ for 48 hours before undergoing paraformaldehyde fixation and solubilization with 0.1% NP40 have undergone.
- the cells were labeled with (A), a polyclonal rabbit anti US6 antiserum, which was generated by immunizing rabbits with KLH-coupled synthetic peptides of amino acids 20-29 of the US6 sequence and antibodies against the cellular proteins TAPl, BiP, p53 or against the ice and medial cisterns of the Golgi and then stained with goat anti-rabbit IgG-FITC and goat anti-mouse IgG-TRITC.
- a typical ER staining pattern was observed in HeLa-US6 cells, while HeLa control cells were negative.
- the localization of the polypeptide US6 in the ER was due to the almost perfect colocalization with the ER marker protein BiP (G.
- the immune precipitate obtained from a digitonin lysate from HeLa-US6 cells was in an NP40 lysis buffer containing 1.5% SDS warmed, which resulted in the release of the proteins (see FIG. 2B, lane 1).
- HeLa-US6 and control cells were metabolically labeled overnight and lysed in a 1% digitonin-lysine buffer before immunoprecipitation with anti-US6 antibodies.
- the precipitated proteins were dissolved in a 1% NP40 lysis buffer containing 1.5% SDS and heated to 65 ° C for 35 min.
- the anti-US6 antibodies were removed by incubation twice with Protein A-Sepharose before re-immunoprecipitation of the supernatant with rabbit polyclonal antibodies against calreticulin and BiP (StressGen, Victoria, BC, Canada), free MHC I heavy chain (HC) (obtained from Dr. HL Ploegh, Cambridge, MA) and against calnexin (obtained from Dr. M. Brenner, Boston, MA).
- US6 binds to calnexin, which is involved as a molecular chaperone in steps before the folding of the heavy MHC I chain (E. Degen et al., J. Cell. Biol. 112 (1991), 1099; S. Rajagopalan et al., Science 263 (1994), 387).
- the cytosol TAP inhibitor ICP47 has been shown to compete with ATP-independent binding of peptides to the transporter (K. Ahn et al., EMBO J. 15 (1996), 3247; R. Tomazin et al., EMBO J. 15 (1996), 3256).
- Using the photoactivatable radioiodinated peptide [125 I] TYDNKTRA [4-trifluoromethyl-diazirinyl) phenylalanine] it was investigated whether binding of peptides to TAP can occur in the presence of US6. For this purpose, the method of Nijenhuis et al. , J. Immunol.
- US6 mRNA produced by in vitro transcription of pcDNAIneo-US6 with T + RNA polymerase, Promega, Heidelberg, Germany
- HCMV expresses a cascade of successive US gene functions that disrupt the mechanism of antigen presentation 5 by MHC class I molecules.
- the (IE) protein gpUS3 which is expressed at the beginning of an infection, hinders the transport of MHC class I complexes (K. Ahn et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei USA 93 (1996), 10990; TR Jones et al ., Proc. Natl. Acad. Be USA 93 (1996), 11327).
- the glycoproteins encoded by 0 US2 and USII guide formed MHC class I HC into the cytosol, where it is rapidly broken down (E. Wiertz et al., Cell 84 (1996), 769).
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU75262/98A AU7526298A (en) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-16 | Us6 gene from the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) |
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EP97106470.4 | 1997-04-18 | ||
EP97106470 | 1997-04-18 |
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WO1998047914A2 true WO1998047914A2 (de) | 1998-10-29 |
WO1998047914A3 WO1998047914A3 (de) | 1999-03-11 |
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PCT/EP1998/002225 WO1998047914A2 (de) | 1997-04-18 | 1998-04-16 | Us6 gen aus dem humanen cytomegalovirus (hcmv) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0966301A1 (de) * | 1996-07-31 | 1999-12-29 | Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation | Erkennung von menschlichen cytomegalovirus genes, welche die expression von mhc klasse i schweren ketten erniedrigen |
WO2004031380A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Dnavec Research Inc. | TAP活性の阻害により MHC class I による外来エピトープの提示を増強する方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996004383A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-15 | American Cyanamid Company | Identification of a human cytomegalovirus gene region involved in down-regulation of mhc class i heavy chain expression |
WO1996031241A1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-10 | Cell Genesys, Inc. | Transplantation of genetically modified cells having low levels of class i mhc proteins on the cell surface |
WO1998004285A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-05 | Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation | Identification of human cytomegalovirus genes involved in down-regulation of mhc class i heavy chain expression |
-
1998
- 1998-04-16 WO PCT/EP1998/002225 patent/WO1998047914A2/de active Application Filing
- 1998-04-16 AU AU75262/98A patent/AU7526298A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1996004383A1 (en) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-15 | American Cyanamid Company | Identification of a human cytomegalovirus gene region involved in down-regulation of mhc class i heavy chain expression |
WO1996031241A1 (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-10-10 | Cell Genesys, Inc. | Transplantation of genetically modified cells having low levels of class i mhc proteins on the cell surface |
WO1998004285A1 (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-02-05 | Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation | Identification of human cytomegalovirus genes involved in down-regulation of mhc class i heavy chain expression |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
AHN, K. ET AL.: "The ER-luminal domain of the HCMV glycoprotein US6 inhibits peptide translocation by TAP." IMMUNITY, (1997 MAY) 6 (5) 613-21, XP002040828 in der Anmeldung erw{hnt * |
GREAVES, R. ET AL.: "SELECTABLE INSERTION AND DELETION MUTAGENESIS OF THE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS GENOME USING THE ESCHERICHIA COLI GUANOSINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE (GPT) GENE" JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY, Bd. 76, September 1995, Seiten 2151-2160, XP000606695 in der Anmeldung erw{hnt * |
HENGEL, H. ET AL.: "A viral ER-resident glycoprotein inactivates the MHC -encoded peptide transporter." IMMUNITY, (1997 MAY) 6 (5) 623-32, XP002040827 in der Anmeldung erw{hnt * |
HENGEL, H. ET AL.: "Human cytomegalovirus inhibits peptide translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum for MHC class I assembly" JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY., Bd. 77, 1996, Seiten 2287-2296, XP002040826 READING GB in der Anmeldung erw{hnt * |
LEHNER, P. ET AL.: "The human cytomegalovirus US6 glycoprotein inhibits transporter associated with antigen processing-dependent peptide translocation." PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, (1997 JUN 24) 94 (13) 6904-9, XP002040829 in der Anmeldung erw{hnt * |
MOMBURG F. ET AL: "The human cytomegalovirus -encoded US6 glycoprotein inhibits the transporter associated with antigen processing." IMMUNOBIOLOGY, (SEP 1997) 197, PAGE 160, ABSTRACT C.10, XP002079482 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0966301A1 (de) * | 1996-07-31 | 1999-12-29 | Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation | Erkennung von menschlichen cytomegalovirus genes, welche die expression von mhc klasse i schweren ketten erniedrigen |
EP0966301A4 (de) * | 1996-07-31 | 2001-09-05 | Ortho Pharma Corp | Erkennung von menschlichen cytomegalovirus genes, welche die expression von mhc klasse i schweren ketten erniedrigen |
WO2004031380A1 (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Dnavec Research Inc. | TAP活性の阻害により MHC class I による外来エピトープの提示を増強する方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO1998047914A3 (de) | 1999-03-11 |
AU7526298A (en) | 1998-11-13 |
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