WO1998042638A1 - Procedes de preparation d'engrais organique - Google Patents

Procedes de preparation d'engrais organique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998042638A1
WO1998042638A1 PCT/JP1998/001260 JP9801260W WO9842638A1 WO 1998042638 A1 WO1998042638 A1 WO 1998042638A1 JP 9801260 W JP9801260 W JP 9801260W WO 9842638 A1 WO9842638 A1 WO 9842638A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fermentation
weight
wheat bran
water content
fermented
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1998/001260
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Eiji Miyazaki
Akiko Kudo
Hiroshi Ueda
Kiwamu Shiiba
Ken Kanzaki
Kenzo Okada
Original Assignee
Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. filed Critical Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO1998042638A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998042638A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for promoting the fermentation of organic waste, particularly in a low-temperature environment, and efficiently producing an organic fl sample.
  • organic waste has been used as an effective method of using organic waste such as garbage, agricultural and marine processing waste, food processing waste, animal dung, sewage sludge, etc.
  • organic waste such as garbage, agricultural and marine processing waste, food processing waste, animal dung, sewage sludge, etc.
  • the following technologies are known.
  • (B) A method for producing compost, comprising fermenting by adding papermaking sludge, chicken manure, bran, etc. having a predetermined moisture content, and a bacterial agent for planting (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 559044/1984) Gazette).
  • (Mouth) A method for producing a compost comprising mixing crushed organic waste, a fermentation accelerator containing an effective microorganism such as lactic acid bacteria, and a fermentation accelerator such as bran, performing anaerobic fermentation, and drying the mixture (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. — 1 8 3 6 8 6 publication).
  • (f) organic substances such as wheat bran containing a certain amount of arabinoxylan, slaked lime, humic acid, and Aspergillus flavus Fermentation promoters containing microorganism materials such as those described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. Hei 8-196964 are known.
  • a garbage treatment apparatus in which (g) bran or the like is filled with a treatment powder mixed with actinomycetes such as Rhodocos spp. No. 6—3 2 1 6 7 1).
  • the above techniques (a), (mouth), (8), (f), and (g) involve newly introducing fungi such as actinomycetes and filamentous fungi from outside and using the microorganisms. Preparation of microorganisms requires labor and cost, and is not always economical.
  • the technique (2) requires the addition of three sources, a phytase source, a saponin source, and a chitosan source, which is disadvantageous in terms of labor and cost.
  • the technology of (e) requires the pretreatment of the water content of livestock wastes to be 55-65% by weight, the pH 7.0-8.5, and the CZN ratio 20 or less.
  • the pretreatment is as simple as adjusting the water content, and its value may be as high as 60 to 80% by weight. Therefore, the preparation of the introduced microorganism is unnecessary, and the fermentation is sufficiently promoted even in a low temperature environment.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing an organic fertilizer. Disclosure of the invention
  • the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, have found that organic substances having a predetermined moisture content can be obtained.
  • By adding a certain amount of wheat bran or granulated wheat bran with a certain average particle size to the municipal waste the activity of indigenous bacteria in the organic waste is activated, and the fermentation of the organic waste.
  • they have found that fermentation in a low-temperature environment is promoted and that compost can be produced efficiently, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention relates to fermentation by adding 3 to 20 parts by weight (in terms of dry matter) of wheat bran to 100 parts by weight of organic waste having a water content of more than 65% by weight and not more than 75% by weight.
  • a method for producing an organic fertilizer characterized by adding a granulated wheat bran having an average particle size of 2 to 9 mm to an organic waste having a water content of 60 to 80% by weight and fermenting. And a method for producing an organic fertilizer.
  • the organic waste used as a raw material to be fermented in the present invention includes, for example, garbage from homes and restaurants, agricultural and fishery processing waste such as vegetable and fruit scraps, fish charcoal, okara, and pan ears. Food processing waste, pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, goats, poultry, poultry manure, livestock waste from livestock and poultry processing plants (eg, slaughter, demolition, processing plants, etc.) Any of forest waste such as bark and pruning waste may be used.
  • activated sludge can be used as the organic waste, but the type and content of the activated sludge are not limited at all.
  • an activated sludge method for performing aerobic biological treatment using activated sludge in the presence of air or oxygen is widely known. It is widely used in various fields such as manufacturing, textile, pulp and paper, chemical, leather manufacturing, and sewage treatment plants.
  • the activated sludge method When the above-mentioned treatment of organic waste liquids and sewage of various industries is performed by the activated sludge method, a large amount of activated sludge is discharged as surplus sludge in the treatment process.
  • Any activated sludge generated as surplus sludge by a simple activated sludge method can be used, and the origin and properties of the activated sludge are not limited at all.
  • digested sludge obtained by anaerobic digestion of activated sludge with anaerobic bacteria is also organic waste. Can be used as
  • the various organic wastes described above may be used alone or as a mixture.
  • the water content of the organic waste used in the present invention is 65 to 75% by weight when non-granulated wheat bran is added, and 60 to 75% by weight when granulated wheat bran is added. Adjust so as to be ⁇ 80% by weight. If the moisture content exceeds 75 or 80% by weight, e.g. ogatazu, peaches, rice bran, fully fermented fermented compost (typically with a moisture content of 40-50% by weight), vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, Minerals, such as ceso earth, are added as appropriate as a water conditioner and adjusted. When the content is less than 65% by weight or 60% by weight, water and the like are appropriately added for adjustment.
  • the water content refers to the weight loss after 3 g of a sample is placed in a stainless steel container (6 cm in diameter, 3 cm in height, cylindrical cup) and dried and dried at 130 ° C for 2 hours. .
  • the wheat bran used in the present invention is the hull of wheat grain, which is mainly produced as a flour by-product during flour milling, and serves as a substrate for indigenous bacteria present in organic waste and promotes fermentation of organic waste. is there.
  • wheat bran used in the present invention has no particular restrictions on the production method and properties of wheat bran used in the present invention, but hard wheat bran, which has a small amount of endosperm of wheat, is required to activate filamentous fungi in the indigenous bacteria more quickly. preferable.
  • indigenous bacteria refer to bacteria that are present in organic waste and are not added artificially.
  • an ungranulated one or a granulated one having a predetermined shape can be used as the wheat bran.
  • the start of fermentation (the time from the addition of the wheat bran to the time when the raw material to be fermented rises to a predetermined temperature) is extremely fast, and the fermentation sustainability is improved.
  • the moisture content of granulated wheat bran generally depends on its manufacturing method, but is generally about 5 to 15
  • the environment of the granulated wheat bran is generally 10 to the sixth power of the indigenous bacteria. It is in a fermentation environment that is completely independent of organic wastes, ranging from 10 to the power of 10.
  • the fermentation environment of granulated wheat bran is completely different from the organic waste to be fermented, such as moisture, PH, and substrates used for indigenous bacteria.
  • Granulated wheat bran absorbs some of the water in organic waste immediately after being added to organic waste, and the moisture value in the granulated wheat bran gradually increases.
  • indigenous bacteria in organic waste ⁇ filamentous fungi contained in the air ⁇ actinomycetes, especially Mucor, Aspergillus, It is in a water environment suitable for the growth of filamentous fungi such as Rhizopus.
  • the granulated wheat bran has a strong buffering action inherent in wheat bran, so that even when the pH of organic waste is around 4 to 11, the granulated wheat bran has a pH almost neutral. Because it is maintained, the environment becomes more excellent for the growth of filamentous fungi.
  • the pH of the fermented material rises due to the production of ammonia during fermentation due to the activation of indigenous bacteria, and the pH of the fermented material becomes alkaline, which is suitable for the activity of bacteria and the like in the indigenous bacteria.
  • organic fertilizer decay progresses.
  • the shape of the granulated wheat bran include a pellet shape such as an ellipsoidal shape and a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, a prismatic shape, and a square shape, and a pellet shape is particularly preferable.
  • the size is the average particle diameter (average value of the typical length of the shape, for example, in the case of a spherical shape, the average Average value, or the average value of the diameter or height of the bottom in the case of a columnar shape) is 2 to 9 mm, preferably 3 to 8 mm.
  • the granulation of wheat bran is carried out using conventional molding equipment, such as extrusion granulators such as extrusion type belters, expanders, and extruders, compression granulation equipment, and rolling granulation equipment.
  • extrusion granulators such as extrusion type belters, expanders, and extruders
  • compression granulation equipment such as rolling granulation equipment.
  • rolling granulation equipment such as rolling granulation equipment.
  • heat treatment extrusion granulation in which the shape of the granulated material becomes porous, is particularly preferable. More specifically, in the case of -expander processing, extruder processing, and extrusion type pelletizers, steam is added at the time of granulation, and after granulation, wet and heat steaming is performed to make the pellets porous. And the like are preferred. At this time, auxiliary components such as water, starchy material, bone meal, fish meal, humic acid and the like may be added.
  • the moisture content of the granulated wheat bran there is no particular limitation on the moisture content of the granulated wheat bran, but if the moisture of the granulated bran is particularly high, the moisture content can be reduced to 14% by weight or less using a dryer if necessary. It is desirable from the point of view.
  • the amount of ungranulated wheat bran added to organic waste having a water content of more than 65% by weight and not more than 75% by weight is 100 parts by weight of organic waste. It is 3 to 20 parts by weight (in terms of dry matter), preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight (in terms of dry matter).
  • the amount added is 100 parts by weight of organic waste.
  • it is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight (in terms of dry matter), particularly preferably 2 to 5 parts by weight (in terms of dry matter).
  • the method of the present invention is to add wheat bran or granulated wheat bran to organic waste and activate the activity of surrounding indigenous bacteria by the heat generated by the growth of filamentous fungi in the bran. Therefore, it exhibits an excellent fermentation promoting effect even at low temperatures, especially in an environment of 10 ° C or lower.
  • a commercially available selected wheat bran (manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd.) mixed with 20 O kg while blowing saturated steam (5 Kg / h) into an extruded pelletizer (“PM—200” manufactured by Ueda Steel Corp.) )), Extrude it into a strand from a die with a hole diameter of 3 mm, cut it into a length of about 10 mm, and form a pellet (cylindrical) with a diameter of about 3.2 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
  • Granulated wheat bran was produced. The pellet was dried and adjusted to a water content of 13.4%.
  • the diameter was about 4.5 mm (Production Example 2), about 6 mm (Production Example 3), and about 8 mm (Production Example 1), except that the hole diameter of the die was changed as appropriate. 4), and about 12 mm (Production Example 5), a beret-like granulated wheat bran having a length of about 10 mm was produced.
  • the moisture content of each pellet after drying was 13.2%, 12.8%, 13.0%, 12.4%.
  • Example 3 in place of the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 2, the diameter produced in Production Example 2 was about 4.5 mm, the length was about 10 mm, and the water content was 13.2. The mixture was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 2 except that granulated bran in the form of pellets was used. At this time, the moisture content of the raw material to be fermented was 68%.
  • Example 4 as in Example 2, the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 was replaced with the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 3 having a diameter of about 6 mm, a length of about 10 mm, and a water content of 12 mm. Except for using an 8% pellet-shaped granulated bran, it was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 2. At this time, the moisture content of the raw material to be fermented was 68%.
  • Comparative Example 2 the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 2 was replaced with the wheat flour produced in Production Example 5 having a diameter of about 12 mm, a length of about 10 mm, and a water content of 12. Except for using 4% pellet-shaped granulated bran, it was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 2. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 68% by weight.
  • the time until the temperature of the fermented raw material exceeds 10 ° C and 50 ° C Time to exceed was measured.
  • the weight loss rate is expressed as a percentage obtained by dividing the weight loss value on the 12th day by the value obtained by subtracting the weight of the inorganic fermented raw material from the weight of the fermented raw material at the time of the preparation, and subtracting the weight of the inorganic material. Table 1 shows the results.
  • Example 7 in place of the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 6, the diameter produced in Production Example 2 was about 4.5 mm, the length was about 10 mm, and the water content was 13.2. The mixture was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 6, except that pelletized granulated bran was used. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 75% by weight.
  • Example 8 Example 8
  • Example 8 as in Example 6, instead of the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1, the diameter produced in Production Example 3 was about 6 mm, the length was about 10 mm, and the water content was 12 . 8% Except for using pelletized granulated bran of T / JP98 / 01260, it was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 6. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 75% by weight.
  • Example 9 in place of the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 6, the diameter produced in Production Example 4 was about 8 mm, the length was about 10 mm, and the water content was 13.0%. Except for using the pelletized granulated bran as described above, it was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 6. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 75% by weight.
  • the temperature of the raw material to be fermented was about 10 ° C., which was kept in the refrigerator at 5 ° C.
  • the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 75% by weight.
  • Comparative Example 4 the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 was replaced with the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1, and the diameter produced in Production Example 5 was about 12 mm, the length was about 10 mm, and the water content was 1 mm. Except for using a pelletized granulated bran of 2.4%, it was allowed to stand still in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 6. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 75% by weight.
  • Example 11 the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 10 was replaced with the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 2 having a diameter of about 4.5 mm, a length of about 10 mm, and a water content of 1 mm. Except for using pelletized granulated bran of 2%, it was allowed to stand in the refrigerator of 5 in the same manner as in Example 10 except that granulated bran was used. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 63% by weight.
  • Example 12 the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 10 was replaced with the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 3 having a diameter of about 6 mm, a length of about 10 mm, and a water content of 12.8.
  • the mixture was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C in the same manner as in Example 10 except that granulated bran in the form of pellets was used.
  • the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 63% by weight.
  • Example 13 the granulated wheat bran produced in Production Example 1 in Example 10 was used.
  • Example 10 was replaced with Example 10 except that the pelletized bran having a diameter of about 8 mm, a length of about 10 mm, and a water content of 13.0% produced in Production Example 4 was used instead. Similarly, it was left still in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. At this time, the water content of the raw material to be fermented was 63% by weight.
  • Comparative Example 5 the mixture was used as a raw material to be fermented without adding anything, and the mixture was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. Comparative Example 6 was allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the granulated wheat bran of Production Example 5 was used.
  • the pretreatment is as simple as moisture adjustment, and the value can be as high as 60 to 80%, which means that not only materials used for moisture adjustment need to be reduced, but also pH and pH can be reduced. There is no need to adjust the C / N ratio or to prepare the microorganism to be introduced. Under low temperature conditions, fermentation is sufficiently promoted and organic fertilizer can be produced efficiently.
  • the method of the present invention enables efficient mass production of organic fertilizer, and is applicable to the fertilizer industry.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés permettant de préparer des engrais organiques avec une efficacité améliorée en accélérant la fermentation de déchets organiques, notamment dans des conditions de basse température ambiante. En particulier, la présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de préparation d'engrais organique caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute de 3 à 20 parties en poids (de matière sèche) de son à 100 parties en poids de déchets organiques d'une teneur en eau comprise entre 65 et 75 % poids maximum et en ce qu'on laisse fermenter le mélange obtenu. L'invention concerne également un autre procédé de préparation d'engrais organique caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute du son granulé dont le diamètre moyen de particule est compris entre 2 et 9 mm à des déchets organiques d'une teneur en eau de 60 à 80 % poids et en ce qu'on laisse fermenter le mélange obtenu. Les procédés de la présente invention sont avantageux en ce qu'ils permettent de terminer le prétraitement en ajustant simplement le contenu en eau, en ce que le niveau de contenu en eau devant être ajusté peut s'élever jusqu'à 60 à 80 % poids, en ce qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de préparer des micro-organismes, et en ce qu'on peut accélérer suffisamment la fermentation même dans des conditions de basse température ambiante. La présente invention permet par conséquent de préparer un engrais organique de manière efficace, alors que les procédés de l'état antérieur de la technique, quoique satisfaisants en été, lorsqu'il fait chaud et que les micro-organismes sont très actifs, font appel à un prétraitement ou à une préparation souvent compliquée de microorganismes et ne permettent pas d'obtenir une fermentation suffisante à basse température, en particulier en hiver.
PCT/JP1998/001260 1997-03-25 1998-03-24 Procedes de preparation d'engrais organique WO1998042638A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9/71600 1997-03-25
JP7160097 1997-03-25

Publications (1)

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WO1998042638A1 true WO1998042638A1 (fr) 1998-10-01

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PCT/JP1998/001260 WO1998042638A1 (fr) 1997-03-25 1998-03-24 Procedes de preparation d'engrais organique

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WO (1) WO1998042638A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002001260A (ja) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-08 Nisshin Seifun Group Inc 植物発生材の発酵方法
CN102584368A (zh) * 2012-02-22 2012-07-18 扬州大学 新型康乃馨育苗基质及其制备方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06321671A (ja) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-22 Mitsui Kinzoku Sutatsufu Service Kk 生ゴミの処理装置
JPH0810740A (ja) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-16 Bioole Chem:Kk 糸状菌類による厨芥処理方法
JPH08198694A (ja) * 1994-09-21 1996-08-06 Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd 発酵促進材
JPH0948685A (ja) * 1995-07-31 1997-02-18 Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd 有機質肥料の製造方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06321671A (ja) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-22 Mitsui Kinzoku Sutatsufu Service Kk 生ゴミの処理装置
JPH0810740A (ja) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-16 Bioole Chem:Kk 糸状菌類による厨芥処理方法
JPH08198694A (ja) * 1994-09-21 1996-08-06 Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd 発酵促進材
JPH0948685A (ja) * 1995-07-31 1997-02-18 Nisshin Flour Milling Co Ltd 有機質肥料の製造方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002001260A (ja) * 2000-06-19 2002-01-08 Nisshin Seifun Group Inc 植物発生材の発酵方法
CN102584368A (zh) * 2012-02-22 2012-07-18 扬州大学 新型康乃馨育苗基质及其制备方法

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