WO1998038398A1 - Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances - Google Patents

Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998038398A1
WO1998038398A1 PCT/EP1998/001126 EP9801126W WO9838398A1 WO 1998038398 A1 WO1998038398 A1 WO 1998038398A1 EP 9801126 W EP9801126 W EP 9801126W WO 9838398 A1 WO9838398 A1 WO 9838398A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel fibre
steel
anchorages
fibres
fibre
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/001126
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ann Lambrechts
Original Assignee
N.V. Bekaert S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to EP97200582A priority Critical patent/EP0861948A1/fr
Application filed by N.V. Bekaert S.A. filed Critical N.V. Bekaert S.A.
Priority to JP53732298A priority patent/JP2001513157A/ja
Priority to BR9807869-0A priority patent/BR9807869A/pt
Priority to US09/355,975 priority patent/US6235108B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1998/001126 priority patent/WO1998038398A1/fr
Priority to EP98913607A priority patent/EP0963494A1/fr
Priority to AU68247/98A priority patent/AU728927B2/en
Priority to CA002277971A priority patent/CA2277971A1/fr
Publication of WO1998038398A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998038398A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/012—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a straight steel fibre for reinforcement of high- performance concrete or mortar.
  • BE-A3-1005815 (N.V. BEKAERT S.A.) teaches that for conventional concretes with a compressive strength ranging from 30 MPa to 50 MPa, it makes no sense to increase the tensile strength of a steel fibre above 1300 MPa since an increase in tensile strength does not add any increase in flexural strength to the reinforced concrete.
  • BE 1005815 further teaches, however, that for concretes with an increased compressive strength, the tensile strength of the steel fibres should increase proportionally.
  • WO-A1-95/01316 (BOUYGUES) adapts the average length of metal fibres to the maximum size of granular elements which are present in high-performance concrete so that metal fibres act as conventional rebars in high-performance concrete.
  • the volume percentage of metal fibres in high-performance concrete is relatively high and ranges between 1.0 % and 4.0 % of the concrete volume after setting.
  • DE-A1-33 47 675 (LAMPRECHT Gerd) relates to an artificial stone of cement or gypsum reinforced by means of thin fibres made of a high- alloyed steel.
  • the high-alloyed steel fibres are provided with roughnesses on their surface in order to increase the adhesion in the cement and the gypsum.
  • the fibres have a diameter ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm and the depth of the roughnesses is limited to Summary of the invention.
  • a straight steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete or mortar.
  • the steel fibre has a length ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm, a thickness ranging from 0.08 mm to 0.30 mm and a tensile strength greater than 2000 MPa, e.g. greater than 2500 MPa, or greater than 3000 MPa.
  • the steel fibre is provided with anchorages the dimension of which in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is maximum 50 %, e.g. maximum 25 %, e.g. maximum 15 % of the thickness.
  • the compression strength is the strength as measured by ASTM-Standard N° C39-80 on a cube of concrete of 150 mm edge, where the cube is pressed between two parallel surfaces until rupture.
  • 'thickness' of a steel fibre refers to the smallest cross-sectional dimension of a straight steel fibre without the anchorages.
  • 'anchorage' refers to any deviation from a straight steel fibre with a uniform transversal cross-section where the deviation helps to improve the anchorage or staying of the steel fibre in the concrete.
  • the terms 'straight steel fibre' excludes normal bendings but does not exclude small bendings, i.e. bendings with a high radius of curvature, in the steel fibre which are a result of the steel wire having been wound on a spool before the final drawing and/or cutting. Steel fibres with only such small bendings which are the result of the previous winding of the steel wire, are still considered as 'straight steel fibres'.
  • the advantage of the present invention may be explained as follows. Concretes have a so-called interfacial zone between the cement paste and aggregates added to the concrete. This interfacial zone can be studied by means of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). It has been observed that due to an increased presence of water in the neighbourhood of the aggregates, cement hydration is accelerated in the interfacial zone, resulting in the presence of calcium hydroxide intermixed with calcium-silica-hydrates and ettringite in the interfacial zone. The consequence is an interfacial zone with a relatively high degree of porosity. This interfacial zone forms the weakest link of the concrete and determines to a large extent its strength which tends to be smaller than the strength of its cement paste. The thickness of the interfacial zone ranges from about 50 ⁇ m (micrometer) to about 100 ⁇ m around the aggregates. A similar interfacial zone has been observed around steel fibres added to the concrete.
  • SEM scanning electronic microscope
  • high-performance concretes are characterized by : (a) a relatively low water/cement ratio (smaller than 0.45) ; (b) the addition of superplasticizers which much increase the workability of concrete in spite of the low water/cement ratio ; (c) the addition of mineral additives such as silica fumes, fly ashes, blast furnace slag, pulverized fuel, micro-fillers and/or pozzolans and/or the addition of chemical additives such as water glass and tensides.
  • the additives mentioned under (c) result in an increased bond between aggregates and cement and result in an interfacial zone the thickness of which is substantially decreased, if not disappeared.
  • silica fumes for example, transform the calcium hydroxides of the interfacial zone into calcium-silica-hydrates.
  • steel fibres In order to have an effective anchorage or staying in conventional concretes, steel fibres must have anchorages with dimensions that are a few times the thickness of the interfacial zone, i.e. a few times 50 ⁇ m a
  • Anchorages with smaller dimensions will not work to the same degree, since they would not bridge adequately the interfacial zone.
  • the interfacial zone of high-performance concretes is either not so weak or not so thick or even not existent.
  • the result is that steel fibres provided with anchorages of a small dimension work effectively.
  • a supplementary advantage of the smaller dimensions of the anchorage is that the mixing problem of steel fibres in the concrete is reduced since there are no substantial bendings any more.
  • Another advantage is that, due to the improved anchorage, the volume of steel fibres needed for a required performance of the concrete, may be reduced, which also reduces considerably the degree of mixing problems. This is very important since the volume percentage of steel fibres in high-performance concrete is substantially higher (normally 1.0 % to 4.0 %) than in conventional concretes (normally 0.40 % to
  • the anchorages are not limited to a particular form or way of manufacturing.
  • the anchorages may take the form of bendings or waves on condition that their dimension in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steel fibre is limited in size.
  • the anchorages may also take the form of micro-roughenings, e.g. obtained by means of a controlled oxidation or by means of a controlled etching operation.
  • the anchorages are indentations which are distributed along the length of a straight steel fibre.
  • the depth of these indentations ranges from 5 % to 25 % of the thickness of the steel fibre without indentations.
  • the depth of these indentations ranges from 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm.
  • the indentations may be provided at regular distances along the length of the steel fibre.
  • the steel fibre is provided with flattenings at both ends of the steel fibre.
  • the thickness of the flattened ends may range from 50 % to 85 % of the thickness of the non-flattened steel fibre.
  • Such a steel fibre has preferably an elongation at fracture which is greater than 4 %.
  • a steel fibre according to the present invention preferably has a carbon content above 0.40 %, e.g. above 0.82 %, or above 0.96 %.
  • a method for improving the mixability of steel fibres in high-performance concrete comprising the steps of :
  • a method of adapting the anchorages of a steel fibre to the dimensions of an interfacial in a high-performance concrete or mortar comprises the following steps :
  • FIGURE 1 (a) gives a global view of a steel fibre provided with indentations along its length ;
  • - FIGURE 1 (b) gives an enlarged view of an indentation ;
  • FIGURE 2 schematically illustrates how a steel fibre with indentations can be manufactured
  • FIGURE 3(a) gives an side view and FIGURE 3(b) gives an upper view of a steel fibre with flattened ends ;
  • FIGURE 4 schematically illustrates how a steel fibre with flattened ends can be manufactured.
  • FIGURE 1 (a) shows a steel fibre 10 which is provided with indentations 12 which are regularly distributed along its length.
  • FIGURE 1 (b) illustrates in more detail an indentation 12.
  • the steel fibre 10 has a length of 13 mm, and - apart from the indentations 12 - a round cross-section with a diameter of 0.20 mm.
  • the indentations 12 are provided both at the upper side and at the under side of the steel fibre 10.
  • the distance (pitch) between two indentations at the upper or at the under side is about 1.50 mm.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates how a steel fibre 10 with indentations 12 can be manufactured.
  • a steel wire 14 is drawn by means of a winding drum 16 through a (final) reduction die 18. Having reached its final diameter the wire 14 is further guided to two wheels 20 which are both provided at their surface with protrusions 21 in order to bring the indentations 12 in the wire 14.
  • the two wheels 20 give the necessary pulling force to guide the wire 14 from the winding drum 16 to a cutting tool 22 where the steel wire 14 is cut in steel fibres 10 of the same lengths.
  • FIGURES 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate a straight steel fibre 10 with flattened ends 24.
  • the flattened ends 24 provide the anchorage in the high- performance concrete.
  • the steel fibre 10 has no burrs since burrs could provoke concentrations of tensions in the concrete and these concentrations could lead to initiation of cracks.
  • the transition in the steel fibre 10 from the round transversal cross-section to the flattened ends 24 should not be abrupt but should be gradually and smooth.
  • the steel fibre 10 has following dimensions : a length of 13 mm, a diameter of a round cross-section of 0.20 mm, a thickness d of the flattened ends 24 of 0.15 mm and a length e of the flattened ends 24 - transition zone included - of 1.0 mm.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates how a steel fibre 10 with flattened ends 24 can be manufactured by means of two rolls 26 which give flattenings to a steel wire 14 and simultaneously cut the steel wire into separate steel fibres.
  • a steel fibre 10 according to this second embodiment will be anchored in the high-performance concrete only at the ends 24 (and not along its length as in the first embodiment), it is preferable to increase the potential of plastic energy in the steel fibre by applying a suitable thermal treatment in order to increase the elongation at fracture of the steel fibre 10.
  • a suitable thermal treatment is known as such in the art.
  • the thermal treatment can be applied by passing the steel wire 14 through a high-frequency or mid-frequency induction coil of a length that is adapted to the speed of the steel wire and to heat the steel wire 14 to about more than 400 °C.
  • the steel wire will suffer from a certain decrease of its tensile strength (about 10 to 15 %) but at the same time will see its elongation at fracture increase. In this way the plastic elongation can be increased to more than 5% and even to 6%.
  • composition of the steel fibre may vary to a large extent.
  • it comprises a minimum carbon content of 0.40 % (e.g. at least 0.80 %, e.g. 0.96 %), a manganese content ranging from 0.20 to
  • the sulphur and phosphorous contents are each preferably kept below 0.03 %.
  • Additional elements such as chromium (up to 0.2 a 0.4 %), boron, cobalt, nickel, vanadium ... may be added to the composition in order to reduce the degree of reduction required for obtaining a particularly tensile strength.
  • the steel fibre can be provided with a coating such as a metallic coating.
  • a coating such as a metallic coating.
  • it can be provided with a copper alloy coating in order to increase its drawability or it can be provided with a zinc or alluminium alloy coating in order to increase its corrosion resistance.
  • the steel fibre according to the present invention is not limited to particular tensile strengths of the steel fibre.
  • tensile strengths can be obtained ranging from moderate values of 2000 MPa to higher values of 3500 MPa, 4000 MPa and even higher. It is preferable, however, to adapt the tensile strength of the steel fibre both to the compression strength of the high-performance concrete and to the quality of the anchorage in the high-performance concrete. The higher the degree of anchorage in the concrete, the more useful it is to further increase the tensile strength of the steel fibre itself.
  • the steel fibres according to the invention may be glued together by means of a suitable binder which looses its binding ability when mixing with the other components of the high-performance concrete.
  • a suitable binder which looses its binding ability when mixing with the other components of the high-performance concrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet une fibre d'acier (10) pour des armatures de béton ou mortier à hautes performances. Cette fibre présente une longueur comprise entre 3 et 30 mm, une épaisseur située entre 0,08 et 0,30 mm, et une résistance à la traction supérieure à 2000 MPa. Cette fibre d'acier est pourvue d'ancrages (12, 24) dont la dimension, dans un sens perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de la fibre d'acier, est égale au maximum à 50 % de l'épaisseur. Ces ancrages constituent un entretoisement efficace dans le béton à hautes performances sans exercer d'influence négative sur la capacité de mélange des fibres d'acier.
PCT/EP1998/001126 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances WO1998038398A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97200582A EP0861948A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1997-02-28 Fibre d'acier pour le renforcement de béton à haute performance
JP53732298A JP2001513157A (ja) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 高性能コンクリート補強用鋼繊維
BR9807869-0A BR9807869A (pt) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibra de aço para reforço de concreto de alta performance
US09/355,975 US6235108B1 (en) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Steel fiber for reinforcement of high-performance concrete
PCT/EP1998/001126 WO1998038398A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances
EP98913607A EP0963494A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances
AU68247/98A AU728927B2 (en) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Steel fibre for reinforcement of high-performance concrete
CA002277971A CA2277971A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97200582A EP0861948A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1997-02-28 Fibre d'acier pour le renforcement de béton à haute performance
EP97200582.1 1997-02-28
PCT/EP1998/001126 WO1998038398A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998038398A1 true WO1998038398A1 (fr) 1998-09-03

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/EP1998/001126 WO1998038398A1 (fr) 1997-02-28 1998-02-23 Fibre d'acier pour armature de beton a hautes performances

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0861948A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998038398A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6235108B1 (en) * 1997-02-28 2001-05-22 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Steel fiber for reinforcement of high-performance concrete
US20120261861A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2012-10-18 Bracegirdle P E Nano-Steel Reinforcing Fibers in Concrete, Asphalt and Plastic Compositions and the Associated Method of Fabrication

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29901676U1 (de) * 1999-02-01 1999-08-12 Vulkan-Harex Stahlfasertechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 44653 Herne Bewehrungsfaser zur Bewehrung von Stahlfaserbeton
DE10009374A1 (de) * 2000-02-29 2001-08-30 Horst Falkner Stahlbeton-Stütze
GB2412402B (en) 2001-12-24 2005-11-09 Univ Sheffield Fibre reinforced concrete
EP2144721B1 (fr) 2007-05-04 2010-07-14 Karl-Hermann Stahl Procédé de réalisation d'une bande de filons se composant d'une pluralité de filons parallèles entre eux, et bande de filons réalisée selon ce procédé
DE102008034250A1 (de) 2008-07-23 2010-01-28 Karl-Hermann Stahl Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahlfasern
DE102009048751A1 (de) * 2009-10-08 2011-04-14 Karl-Hermann Stahl Metallfaser

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1941223A1 (de) * 1969-08-13 1971-02-25 Hendrix Hans Dr Baustoff mit hoher Schlagfestigkeit und Dauerschlagbestaendigkeit
DE2832495A1 (de) * 1978-07-25 1980-02-07 Thiel S Draadindustrie Thibodr Verankerungsfaser und matrize zur herstellung einer solchen verankerungsfaser
US4224377A (en) 1973-04-16 1980-09-23 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Reinforcing member for castable material and process of mixing reinforcing elements with said material
DE3024648A1 (de) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-21 Joachim Ing.(Grad.) 6380 Bad Homburg Hollatz Kunststeinbauelement sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3032162A1 (de) * 1980-08-26 1982-04-08 Felix Schuh + Co Gmbh, 4300 Essen Flaechenheizvorrichtung fuer einen fussboden, sowie estrichwerkstoff hierfuer und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE3347675A1 (de) 1983-12-31 1985-10-17 Gerd Dr. 7531 Neuhausen Lamprecht Kunststein-bauelement und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE8815120U1 (de) * 1988-12-05 1989-03-30 Hermann Gloerfeld -Metallwaren- GmbH & Co. KG, 5860 Iserlohn Armierungsfaser aus Metall, insbesondere aus Stahldraht, zur Armierung von Beton, insbesondere von Spritzbeton
DE4223804A1 (de) * 1992-07-20 1994-01-27 Gloerfeld Hermann Metallwaren Drahtfaser aus Metall zur Verwendung für die Verstärkung von insbesondere Beton
BE1005815A3 (nl) 1992-05-08 1994-02-08 Bekaert Sa Nv Staalvezelbeton met hoge buigtreksterkte.
WO1995001316A1 (fr) 1993-07-01 1995-01-12 Bouygues Composition de beton de fibres metalliques pour mouler un element en beton, elements obtenus et procede de cure thermique

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1941223A1 (de) * 1969-08-13 1971-02-25 Hendrix Hans Dr Baustoff mit hoher Schlagfestigkeit und Dauerschlagbestaendigkeit
US4224377A (en) 1973-04-16 1980-09-23 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Reinforcing member for castable material and process of mixing reinforcing elements with said material
DE2832495A1 (de) * 1978-07-25 1980-02-07 Thiel S Draadindustrie Thibodr Verankerungsfaser und matrize zur herstellung einer solchen verankerungsfaser
DE3024648A1 (de) * 1980-06-30 1982-01-21 Joachim Ing.(Grad.) 6380 Bad Homburg Hollatz Kunststeinbauelement sowie verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3032162A1 (de) * 1980-08-26 1982-04-08 Felix Schuh + Co Gmbh, 4300 Essen Flaechenheizvorrichtung fuer einen fussboden, sowie estrichwerkstoff hierfuer und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE3347675A1 (de) 1983-12-31 1985-10-17 Gerd Dr. 7531 Neuhausen Lamprecht Kunststein-bauelement und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE8815120U1 (de) * 1988-12-05 1989-03-30 Hermann Gloerfeld -Metallwaren- GmbH & Co. KG, 5860 Iserlohn Armierungsfaser aus Metall, insbesondere aus Stahldraht, zur Armierung von Beton, insbesondere von Spritzbeton
BE1005815A3 (nl) 1992-05-08 1994-02-08 Bekaert Sa Nv Staalvezelbeton met hoge buigtreksterkte.
DE4223804A1 (de) * 1992-07-20 1994-01-27 Gloerfeld Hermann Metallwaren Drahtfaser aus Metall zur Verwendung für die Verstärkung von insbesondere Beton
WO1995001316A1 (fr) 1993-07-01 1995-01-12 Bouygues Composition de beton de fibres metalliques pour mouler un element en beton, elements obtenus et procede de cure thermique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6235108B1 (en) * 1997-02-28 2001-05-22 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Steel fiber for reinforcement of high-performance concrete
US20120261861A1 (en) * 2010-06-28 2012-10-18 Bracegirdle P E Nano-Steel Reinforcing Fibers in Concrete, Asphalt and Plastic Compositions and the Associated Method of Fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0861948A1 (fr) 1998-09-02
EP0963494A1 (fr) 1999-12-15

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