WO1998035118A1 - Systeme d'identification - Google Patents

Systeme d'identification Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998035118A1
WO1998035118A1 PCT/EP1998/000455 EP9800455W WO9835118A1 WO 1998035118 A1 WO1998035118 A1 WO 1998035118A1 EP 9800455 W EP9800455 W EP 9800455W WO 9835118 A1 WO9835118 A1 WO 9835118A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
identification device
person
unit
vitality
detection unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1998/000455
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Schelter
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1998035118A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998035118A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00563—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys using personal physical data of the operator, e.g. finger prints, retinal images, voicepatterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/30—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/32—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check
    • G07C9/37—Individual registration on entry or exit not involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an identification device, in particular for access control to a motor vehicle, in which biometric identification of a person takes place.
  • Known identification devices (DE 40 16 832 AI or DE 42 22 387 C2) have a sensing element on which a user's finger is placed. The fingerprint of the user is recorded by a recognition unit and compared with a stored personality-specific fingerprint. If a match is detected, an object is locked or unlocked.
  • Such identification devices can be outwitted by placing a scanned fingerprint, a wax finger with an inherent fingerprint or, in the worst case, a chopped off finger on the sensing element.
  • Another identification device (DE 195 11 386 Cl) has a speech recognition unit. If the user speaks a password, this is compared with stored speech patterns and, if they match, a locking or unlocking signal is generated. This identification device can also be outwitted by recording the user's voice on tape and playing it back for access to a motor vehicle. The identification device The device does not recognize whether the authorized user is actually present.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to create an identification device which is very difficult to outsmart.
  • this identification device is that the user does not have to carry a key or an identity card. Since each person differs in their biometric features, an identification device with a high "code variety" is obtained.
  • a fingerprint of a user is advantageously used as a biometric feature. Spoken sounds can also serve as biometric features. With correct detection, with a clear assignment to a person possible. If the identity is recognized on the basis of the fingerprint or the language, and the vitality of the person is also determined, a security unit, such as an immobilizer or a door lock in a motor vehicle, can be controlled.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an identification device according to the invention with fingerprint recognition
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through the identification device
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an identification device with speech recognition
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an identification device with image processing
  • Figure 5 is a view of a motor vehicle in which an identification device according to the invention is used.
  • An identification device has a biometric recognition unit and a vitality recognition unit, which are used to determine the identity of a person who wants access to a blocked object.
  • biometric recognition unit biometric features of the person, such as fingerprint, language, facial features, etc., are recorded.
  • vitality recognition unit the vitality of the person is recognized, ie it it is recognized whether the biometric features come from a living person.
  • the biometric features are compared in a control unit 1 (FIG. 1) with person-specific target values stored in a memory 2.
  • the control unit 1 In accordance with the target values, the control unit 1 generates an enable signal, by means of which a safety unit 3 is controlled from a locked to an unlocked state or vice versa.
  • door locks of the object to which access is sought can serve as security unit 3.
  • the door locks are then locked or unlocked by the release signal.
  • the fingerprint is recorded as a biometric feature.
  • a finger 4 must be placed on a support surface 5 of a sensor element 6.
  • a fingerprint recognition unit 7 instructs a transmitter 8 to send measurement signals to the sensor element 6 (finger 4).
  • the signals coming back from the sensor element 6 are received by a receiver 9 and forwarded to the fingerprint recognition unit 7.
  • the control unit 1 evaluates the received signals.
  • a pulse detection unit 10 is used to recognize the vitality of the user. Via the pulse detection unit 10, a micromechanical, optical or electrical pulse sensor 11 (FIG. 2) is instructed to detect the pulse of the finger 4 lying on it. If a pulse is detected in finger 4, it is assumed that it is a living finger 4.
  • control unit 1 which then compares the fingerprint detected with a fingerprint stored in the memory 2. If there is a match, the release signal is then generated, which controls the safety unit 3.
  • Optical, acoustic or electromagnetic signals can be emitted via the transmitter 8 and the receiver 9.
  • Ultrasound is preferably used for acoustic signals, as a result of which not only the outer fingerprint but also the so-called inner fingerprint (epidermis inside the finger 4) can be detected.
  • the outer fingerprint is recorded with optical signals (preferably infrared signals).
  • a user's fingerprint can be captured using imaging or non-imaging evaluation methods. For example, it is also possible to obtain the fingerprint using capacitive, tactile or resistive methods.
  • Biometric features are recorded is immaterial to the invention.
  • the capture of Biometric features are sufficiently known and are described in more detail in the known identification devices (DE 40 16 832 AI, DE 42 22 387 C2 or DE 195 11 386 Cl), to which reference is made here.
  • the vitality features are also recorded. Only both together provide sufficient security so that the identification device is not outwitted.
  • the vitality features are through the pulse detection unit
  • the pulse sensor 11 is arranged on the support surface 5 or within the sensor element 6.
  • the pulse sensor 11 detects the pulse of the blood flowing through the finger 4. The pulse is recorded particularly well when the pulse sensor
  • the sensor element 6 has only a very small contact surface 5, the dimensions of which are adapted approximately to the fingertip. Therefore, only a single finger 4 can be placed on the sensor element 6. As a result, when the fingerprint is captured, no external manipulation can be carried out to simulate the pulse.
  • the pulse sensor 11 is preferably arranged approximately centrally in the support surface 5, so that the risk of manipulation is further reduced.
  • the biometric features are detected by the biometric recognition unit, which comprises the fingerprint recognition unit 7, the transmitter 8, the receiver 9 and the sensor element 6.
  • the vitality features are detected by the vitality detection unit with the pulse detection unit 10 and the pulse sensor 11.
  • FIG. 3 Another exemplary embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 3, in which the biometric features and the vitality features are detected by speech recognition.
  • elements of the same construction or function have the same reference symbols as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • control unit 1 If a user 13 actuates a trigger unit 14, the control unit 1 is activated, which then activates one
  • Speech generator 15 instructs to form a word to be repeated.
  • This word can either be output acoustically via a loudspeaker 17 or be displayed optically via a display unit 18. The user 13 must now repeat this word.
  • the word spoken by the user 13 is passed via a microphone 19 to a speech recognition unit 20.
  • the speech recognition unit 20 analyzes the spoken word in accordance with the characteristic of the user 13
  • Speech pattern The word is analyzed for timbre, pitch, speaking rhythm, etc. and for the sense of the word or the meaning of the spoken word. Common words, fancy words or whole sentences can be used as words.
  • the spoken word is compared with stored target values for biometric identification.
  • the spoken word for the vitality recognition is compared with the word previously generated by the speech generator 15. If the spoken word matches the word of the speech generator 15 (in terms of the sense of the word) and the speaker (user 13) proves to be justified (agreement of the spoken word with the target values), the release signal is generated by the control unit 1.
  • the safety unit 3 is controlled with this.
  • Speech recognition units with speech analysis and speech synthesis are well known. They grasp both the meaning of the spoken words and their phonetics. The mode of operation of such speech recognition units therefore need not be explained in more detail here.
  • the trigger unit 14 can be a switch, for example, which is arranged in the vicinity of the access to the object. If the identification device is used as access control to a motor vehicle, the switch can be arranged in the vicinity of a door handle 22 (preferably the driver's door handle 22) (cf. also FIG. 5). The desk can also be directly coupled to the door handle 22, so that the switch triggers an identification process when the door handle 22 is actuated.
  • the speech generator 15 generates the words to be repeated on a random basis. Random new words are generated with each triggering process that have not been used in previous identification processes. This creates a so-called alternating code or rolling code, in which the received code signals are spoken words.
  • the biometric features are detected by the speech recognition unit 20.
  • the vitality recognition unit is realized by the speech generator 15 and the output of a word via the loudspeaker 17 or the display unit 18, which then recognizes whether the user 13 is actually present and certainly speaks the words.
  • the voltage source 23 can be in one Security housing that is very difficult to access against external manipulation.
  • FIG. 4 A further exemplary embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 4, in which the biometric features and the vitality features are captured by image processing.
  • elements of the same construction or function have the same reference symbols as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the facial features of a user 13 can preferably be used to recognize biometric features.
  • a video camera 25 is provided, which records the face of the user 13.
  • An image processing unit 26 evaluates the received video images and forwards them to the control unit 1. In the control unit 1, the video images are compared with video images stored in the memory 2. If there is at least a large match, the release signal is generated.
  • the eyelid can be moved up and down several times.
  • the mouth can also be opened and closed. This is recorded by the video camera 25 and by the image processing processing unit 26 evaluated. This ensures that a photo of the user 13 is not held in front of the video camera 25 in order to illegally outsmart the identification device.
  • the identification device according to the invention can be used wherever there is access control to an object, that is to say authorized access to a locked area.
  • the identification device can be used in hotels to give a hotel guest access to his or her room.
  • the identification device is preferably used in a motor vehicle 27 as an access control.
  • the trigger unit 14 is located on or near the door handle 22. As soon as the trigger unit 14 is actuated, the biometric recognition unit and the vitality recognition unit are activated. If the user 13 is recognized as having unambiguous authorization (is used as authentication), the door lock is unlocked.
  • the user 13 can now sit in his motor vehicle 27 and use the same process again to start / start the motor vehicle 27.
  • an ignition switch can be actuated using the ignition key, for example, in order to carry out the identification process again.
  • an electronic immobilizer is released and the engine started so that the user 13 can drive away with his vehicle.
  • the memory 2, which is connected to the control unit 1, can store not only the characteristic features of a person but also all authorized persons who are to be granted access to an object. Typically, one to five people are authorized as authorized in a motor vehicle 27. Their biometric features are "learned" in advance by the identification device during an initialization phase. For this purpose, the biometric features of each person are recorded and stored in the memory 2 for each person. The initialization may, however, only be carried out if proof of authorization is provided, for example by the user 13 identifying himself on the basis of the vehicle registration document. Otherwise, the memory 2 is protected against external reading and overwriting.
  • control unit 1 compares the recorded biometric features with all the stored target values and can therefore reliably decide whether an authorized person requests access to the object.
  • the vitality detection unit can be independent of the person. Because to recognize the vitality it is only necessary, for example, to recognize the pulse of the finger 4, a muscle movement of the face or words to be repeated. Only then can the person's biometric features be recorded and compared with the stored target values.
  • pulse rate and muscle movement can serve as vitality features, but also, for example, a method based on the electrocardiographic principle become.
  • electrodes which are arranged, for example, in the sensor element 6, evaluate the electrical voltages which arise in the heart muscle and which, as is well known - act with a greatly reduced amplitude - as far as the body surface.
  • an impedance spectrum (essentially the resistance and the capacitance) of the finger tissue can also be determined.
  • This impedance spectrum is characteristic of living tissue.
  • the impedance spectrum can be detected by an electrode arrangement which can be arranged in the sensor element in the same way as the pulse sensor 11.
  • the complex resistance (impedance) of the finger 4 lying on it is determined in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 GHz. For this purpose, the entire frequency range can be traversed or only measured at individual characteristic frequency values within this frequency range. So-called Fast Fourier methods can also be used, in which the response function of a step excitation is evaluated.
  • pulse oximetric methods can also be used, in which the oxygen content in the blood is optically measured.
  • the oxygen content in the blood is optically measured.
  • the control unit 1 can be implemented by a microprocessor or by functionally equivalent components.
  • the memory 2 can be designed as RAM or EEPROM.
  • the speech recognition unit 20, the video camera 25 together with the image processing unit 26 and the sensor element 6 are advantageously designed in miniaturized form so that they can be easily installed at the place of use (e.g. motor vehicle 27).
  • the user 13 is instructed by trained personnel or operating instructions how to proceed in order to trigger an identification process and also to carry it out completely.
  • the identification device When used in a motor vehicle 27, the identification device is supplied with energy by the vehicle battery 23 'or by its own auxiliary voltage source. The energy supply for the identification device is only switched on by the triggering means. After each identification process, the power supply is interrupted again so that the vehicle battery 23 'is not over-discharged.
  • the trigger unit 14 When used in a motor vehicle 27, it is advantageous if the trigger unit 14 is arranged as a switch in the support surface 5 of the sensor element 6. Thus, the energy supply is switched on as soon as a user 13 places a finger 4 on the sensor element 6.
  • immobilizer means all devices in the motor vehicle that can prevent the motor vehicle from being started up. These devices are only released if authentication has previously taken place successfully.
  • an immobilizer for example, an engine control unit, a shut-off valve for the fuel supply, a switch for switching on the battery, a transmission control unit, a switch for switching on the ignition circuit, a brake control unit, the steering, etc. can be included.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'identification comportant une unité (6 à 9; 20; 25, 26) pour détecter des caractéristiques biométriques, ainsi qu'une unité (10, 11; 15, 17, 18; 26) pour détecter la vitalité d'un individu. Une fois qu'il a été identifié que la personne désireuse d'accéder à un objet est effectivement en vie, les caractéristiques biométriques détectées sont comparées à des caractéristiques mémorisées, propres à la personne. Si cette comparaison prouve que les caractéristiques coïncident, un signal de libération est produit.
PCT/EP1998/000455 1997-02-06 1998-01-28 Systeme d'identification WO1998035118A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97101933.6 1997-02-06
EP97101933 1997-02-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998035118A1 true WO1998035118A1 (fr) 1998-08-13

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PCT/EP1998/000455 WO1998035118A1 (fr) 1997-02-06 1998-01-28 Systeme d'identification

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000002485A1 (fr) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-20 Infineon Technologies Ag Procede pour reconnaitre l'etat vivant de la peau humaine
GB2345140A (en) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-28 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Touch sensor for use in a fingerprint identification device
WO2001009846A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Procede, dispositif et systeme d'authentification biometrique d'une personne
DE19950799A1 (de) * 1999-10-21 2001-04-26 S. Siedle & Soehne,Telefon- Und Telegrafenwerke Stiftung & Co Türanlage
US6324020B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2001-11-27 Secugen Corporation Method and apparatus for reduction of trapezoidal distortion and improvement of image sharpness in an optical image capturing system
US6381347B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-04-30 Secugen High contrast, low distortion optical acquistion system for image capturing
FR2821465A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-30 Sagem Sonnette biometrique
WO2002086825A1 (fr) * 2001-04-17 2002-10-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Acces automatique a un vehicule par la biometrie
DE19938064B4 (de) * 1999-01-29 2004-09-23 Siemens Ag Identifikationsvorrichtung, insbesondere für die Zugangskontrolle zu einem Objekt
EP1570146A1 (fr) * 2002-11-19 2005-09-07 Australian Arrow Pty. Ltd. Systeme d'entree passif
US6959105B1 (en) 1998-12-29 2005-10-25 Omron Corporation Fingerprint identification device equipped with a user recording unit
DE102009025324A1 (de) 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Verfahren und Erfassungsvorrichtung mit einem Kontakt-Bildsensor zum Erfassen räumlicher Strukturen
WO2012140291A1 (fr) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Hanscan Ip B.V. Système et procédé pour des opérations biométriques à distance
US9681830B2 (en) 2008-10-07 2017-06-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Device and method for detecting a vital parameter
DE112013003220B4 (de) * 2012-06-29 2018-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines Bluttests mit Identitätsprüfung
CN108547508A (zh) * 2018-06-15 2018-09-18 安徽中科智链信息科技有限公司 基于手掌bis的门锁系统
DE102021004199A1 (de) 2021-08-17 2021-09-30 Daimler Ag Zugangsberechtigungssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3639905A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-02-01 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Credit card system having means for sensing if object is living
EP0082304A1 (fr) * 1981-11-20 1983-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'identification d'un individu par emploi de reconnaissance de la voix et de la face et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
DE4310190A1 (de) * 1992-07-22 1994-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Sprecher-Verifizierungssystem unter Verwendung der Abstandsmessung nächster Nachbarn
WO1995026013A1 (fr) * 1994-03-24 1995-09-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Systeme d'identification biometrique de personnes
GB2291238A (en) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-17 Siemens Ag Anti-theft system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3639905A (en) * 1970-11-27 1972-02-01 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Credit card system having means for sensing if object is living
EP0082304A1 (fr) * 1981-11-20 1983-06-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d'identification d'un individu par emploi de reconnaissance de la voix et de la face et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé
DE4310190A1 (de) * 1992-07-22 1994-01-27 Int Standard Electric Corp Sprecher-Verifizierungssystem unter Verwendung der Abstandsmessung nächster Nachbarn
WO1995026013A1 (fr) * 1994-03-24 1995-09-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Systeme d'identification biometrique de personnes
GB2291238A (en) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-17 Siemens Ag Anti-theft system

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000002485A1 (fr) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-20 Infineon Technologies Ag Procede pour reconnaitre l'etat vivant de la peau humaine
US6381347B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-04-30 Secugen High contrast, low distortion optical acquistion system for image capturing
GB2345140A (en) * 1998-12-10 2000-06-28 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Touch sensor for use in a fingerprint identification device
GB2345140B (en) * 1998-12-10 2003-07-23 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Fingerprint identification device equipped with a touch sensor for detecting a human finger
US6959105B1 (en) 1998-12-29 2005-10-25 Omron Corporation Fingerprint identification device equipped with a user recording unit
DE19938064B4 (de) * 1999-01-29 2004-09-23 Siemens Ag Identifikationsvorrichtung, insbesondere für die Zugangskontrolle zu einem Objekt
US7165716B1 (en) 1999-07-30 2007-01-23 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method, device and system for biometrically authenticating a person
WO2001009846A1 (fr) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-08 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Procede, dispositif et systeme d'authentification biometrique d'une personne
US6324020B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2001-11-27 Secugen Corporation Method and apparatus for reduction of trapezoidal distortion and improvement of image sharpness in an optical image capturing system
DE19950799A1 (de) * 1999-10-21 2001-04-26 S. Siedle & Soehne,Telefon- Und Telegrafenwerke Stiftung & Co Türanlage
DE19950799B4 (de) * 1999-10-21 2005-05-25 S. Siedle & Söhne Telefon- und Telegrafenwerke OHG Türanlage
FR2821465A1 (fr) * 2001-02-27 2002-08-30 Sagem Sonnette biometrique
US6498970B2 (en) 2001-04-17 2002-12-24 Koninklijke Phillips Electronics N.V. Automatic access to an automobile via biometrics
WO2002086825A1 (fr) * 2001-04-17 2002-10-31 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Acces automatique a un vehicule par la biometrie
EP1570146A1 (fr) * 2002-11-19 2005-09-07 Australian Arrow Pty. Ltd. Systeme d'entree passif
EP1570146A4 (fr) * 2002-11-19 2008-04-23 Australian Arrow Pty Ltd Systeme d'entree passif
US9681830B2 (en) 2008-10-07 2017-06-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Device and method for detecting a vital parameter
DE102009025324A1 (de) 2009-06-15 2010-12-16 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Verfahren und Erfassungsvorrichtung mit einem Kontakt-Bildsensor zum Erfassen räumlicher Strukturen
WO2012140291A1 (fr) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Hanscan Ip B.V. Système et procédé pour des opérations biométriques à distance
DE112013003220B4 (de) * 2012-06-29 2018-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines Bluttests mit Identitätsprüfung
CN108547508A (zh) * 2018-06-15 2018-09-18 安徽中科智链信息科技有限公司 基于手掌bis的门锁系统
DE102021004199A1 (de) 2021-08-17 2021-09-30 Daimler Ag Zugangsberechtigungssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren

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