WO1998024892A1 - Promoteur de la ve-cadherine et ses utilisations - Google Patents
Promoteur de la ve-cadherine et ses utilisations Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998024892A1 WO1998024892A1 PCT/FR1997/002178 FR9702178W WO9824892A1 WO 1998024892 A1 WO1998024892 A1 WO 1998024892A1 FR 9702178 W FR9702178 W FR 9702178W WO 9824892 A1 WO9824892 A1 WO 9824892A1
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- nucleic acid
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- acid molecule
- cadherin
- gene
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/008—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription cell type or tissue specific enhancer/promoter combination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
- C12N2830/80—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates
- C12N2830/85—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription from vertebrates mammalian
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a promoter active in the vascular endothelium, and to its use for expressing genes of interest in this tissue.
- L 1 vascular endothelium is a cell monolayer formed by about one trillion endothelial cells, distributed throughout the body.
- the endothelium controls vascular permeability to fluids and blood cells and regulates hemostasis and thrombosis.
- the deterioration of the vascular homeostasis can induce serious pathologies, such as arteriosclerosis, major factor of cardiovascular diseases which represent the first cause of mortality in Western countries, or the uncontrolled vascular proliferation observed for example in diseases inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis), diabetic retinopathy, tumor angiogenesis or vascular tumors (angiosarcomas, Kaposi's sarcoma).
- vascular endothelium being in direct contact with the blood, it is easily accessible to gene vectors introduced via the venous route, and the gene products which it expresses can be secreted directly into the circulating blood. These properties can be used to obtain the secretion of proteins (coagulation factors, hormones, etc.) in the blood stream.
- the cells of the vascular endothelium constitute a particularly interesting host for expressing, near their site of action, cellular effectors such as, for example, cytokine receptors or competitors of these receptors.
- endothelial cells have a lifespan which, in humans, can reach from 5 to 20 years [FAN et al. ; TIPS, 16, p. 57, (1995)]. Transduced endothelial cells can therefore survive and express a transgene for a relatively long time.
- tie-2 a tyrosine kinase receptor called tie-2 [SCHLAEGER et al., Development, 121, p. 1089-1098,
- an expression is observed in vivo which is not limited to the endothelium, but is found in other cell types, such as the respiratory and intestinal epithelium and the cells. of the vascular media [HARATS et al., J. Clin. Invest. , 95, p. 1335, (1995)].
- tie-2 promoter regions For example, the influence of tie-2 promoter regions, von Willebrand factor and preproendothelin on the expression of a reporter gene have been studied in vivo in transgenic mice.
- tie-2 promoter which, in the case of the endogenous gene, is active during vascular proliferation in the embryo or in the adult has a different behavior when it is associated with a heterologous gene; it remains active during the development of the vascularization of the mouse embryo, but is no longer active in adults, even during
- the Von Willebrand factor promoter only allowed expression of the marker gene in certain brain endothelial cells, however, the heterologous gene was expressed in other tissues where the gene endogenous is not normally expressed [AIRD et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, p. 4567-4571, (1995)].
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule whose sequence is that of the promoter of VE-cadherin, or a fragment thereof.
- said fragment comprises at least one functional domain involved in the activity of said promoter.
- VE-cadherin promoter is intended to mean a nucleic acid sequence essentially constituted by the elements necessary for controlling the initiation of transcription of the VE-cadherin gene by a similar mechanism with natural mechanism; “functional domain involved in the activity of the VE-cadherin promoter” is understood to mean both a region of said promoter comprising the sequences necessary for initiating transcription, and a region of said promoter comprising sequences involved in regulation in cis of initiation of transcription.
- Nucleic acid molecules in accordance with the invention constituting a promoter of VE-cadherin, as defined above, are represented in particular by: a nucleic acid fragment whose sequence extends from position +22 to position -2486 relative to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene of the VE - mouse cadherin; this sequence is represented in the attached sequence list under the number SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 1 to 2509 of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 correspond to positions -2486 to +22 defined with respect to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin;
- nucleic acid fragments comprising the preceding one, for example a nucleic acid fragment whose sequence extends from position +22 to position -5800 relative to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene of the VE - mouse cadherin.
- Nucleic acid molecules in accordance with the invention comprising at least one functional domain, as defined above, of the promoter of VE-cadherin, are represented in particular by: a) nucleic acid fragments comprising the sequences necessary for initiating transcription. It is for example a nucleic acid fragment whose sequence extends from position +22 to position -139 relative to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin. b) nucleic acid fragments comprising sequences involved in the regulation of transcription, and in particular in its tissue specificity; in particular:
- fragments include sequences which increase the specificity of expression in endothelial cells.
- the present invention encompasses nucleic acid molecules constituting segments of more than 10 bpb, and preferably more than 20 bp of the fragments mentioned above; such molecules can for example be used as probes for detecting a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention in a mixture of nucleic acids, or as primers for carrying out its amplification.
- nucleic acid fragments specified above which can be obtained from the promoter of the mouse VE-cadherin gene, constitute only an illustration of the object of the invention.
- This also includes, in particular, nucleic acid molecules reproducing the sequence of promoters or homologous functional domains existing in mice or in other animal species, and which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art by techniques. molecular biology, by screening a genomic library of the animal concerned using one or more oligonucleotides of more than 20 bp reproducing all or part of the sequence of one of the fragments mentioned above .
- a person skilled in the art can, at from the fragments comprising at least one functional domain of the VE-cadherin promoter specified above, identify the sequences constituting the functional domains, for example by the technique of DNA fingerprints, by incubating these fragments with nuclear extracts of endothelial cells, as well as with nuclear extracts of cells in which the VE-cadherin promoter is inactive.
- identify the sequences constituting the functional domains for example by the technique of DNA fingerprints, by incubating these fragments with nuclear extracts of endothelial cells, as well as with nuclear extracts of cells in which the VE-cadherin promoter is inactive.
- nucleic acid molecules comprising functional domains of the VE-cadherin promoter can be associated with one another, or with functional elements originating from promoters other than that of VE-cadherin, according to different combinations, in order to obtain promoters which are distinguish between them by their level of activity, and their degree of specificity.
- nucleic acid molecule comprising the elements necessary for the initiation of transcription located in the sequence s extending between position +22 and position -139 relative to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin.
- this first molecule (or another nucleic acid molecule comprising sequences necessary for the initiation of transcription) will be combined ), to a nucleic acid molecule comprising the regulatory elements located in the sequence extending from position -140 to position -187 with respect to the site of initiation of the transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin, and / or to a nucleic acid molecule comprising the regulatory elements located in the sequence extending from position -188 to position -289 relative to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin.
- nucleic acid molecule comprising the regulatory elements located in the sequence extending from position -516 to position -1190 by relation to the site of initiation of the transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin; to obtain promoters active in endothelial cells, and inactive (that is to say, not inducing the expression of a gene beyond the basal level observed in the absence of any promoter) in the other types cellular, this nucleic acid molecule will comprise the regulatory elements located in the sequence extending from position -516 to position -2486 relative to the site of initiation of transcription of the gene for mouse VE-cadherin.
- the promoters obtained from the nucleic acid molecules in accordance with the present invention can be used to control the expression of a heterologous gene in mammalian cells, and advantageously, to obtain specific expression in cells of the endothelium. vascular.
- the choice of the most suitable promoter among the promoters in accordance with the invention depends on the level and the specificity of expression which it is desired to obtain.
- the object of the present invention also encompasses recombinant nucleic acid molecules comprising at least one nucleic acid molecule according to the invention linked to at least one heterologous sequence.
- heterologous relative to a given sequence means any nucleic acid sequence other than those which, in nature, are immediately adjacent to said sequence.
- the object of the present invention includes in particular: a) expression cassettes comprising: a promoter which contains at least one nucleic acid molecule according to the invention; it may be the VE-cadherin promoter, or a chimeric promoter, comprising at least one functional domain thereof, and a heterologous sequence placed under transcriptional control of said promoter.
- these vectors are expression vectors, comprising at least one expression cassette as defined above.
- Many vectors into which a nucleic acid molecule of interest can be inserted in order to introduce and maintain it in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell are known in themselves; the choice of an appropriate vector depends on the use envisaged for this vector (for example replication of the sequence of interest, expression of this sequence, maintenance of the sequence in extrachromosomal form, or else integration into the chromosomal material of the host, etc.), as well as the nature of the host cell.
- the invention further relates to prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells transformed with at least one nucleic acid molecule according to the invention.
- these cells are animal cells, in particular mammalian cells. They can be endothelial cells, or cells of another cell type.
- Transformed cells according to the invention can be obtained by any means, known in themselves, making it possible to introduce a nucleic acid molecule into a host cell.
- viral vectors adenovirus, retrovirus, etc.
- said sequence can also be associated (isolated or inserted into a viral or plasmid vector) with a substance allowing it to cross the membrane of host cells, for example a preparation of liposomes, or else inject it directly into the host cell.
- genes into the vascular endothelium can, for example, be carried out using recombinant adenoviruses or liposomes [NABEL E.G .;
- the inventors also obtained transgenic animals, in which a heterologous gene was placed under transcriptional control of the promoter of VE-cadherin and thus found that the properties of this promoter, and in particular the specificity of expression in the cells of 1 endothelium manifested not only in vitro, but also in vivo.
- the subject of the present invention is animals and in particular non-human transgenic mammals, characterized in that all or part of their cells are transformed by a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention.
- These are, for example, animals into which a gene of interest has been introduced under the control of the VE-cadherin promoter, or a chimeric promoter constructed from the elements of regulation thereof which confer specificity of expression in endothelial cells; the gene of interest is then only expressed in cells of the vascular endothelium.
- the transformed cells and the transgenic animals in accordance with the invention can in particular be used as models for studying and / or modifying the expression of different genes in endothelial cells.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of nucleic acid molecules in accordance with the invention for obtaining medicaments, in particular medicaments intended for the treatment of pathologies such as arteriosclerosis, or tumor diseases.
- nucleic acid molecules according to the invention can be incorporated into medicaments which can be used in particular in gene therapy.
- an Xhol site was created immediately downstream of the +22 position of the first exon, by carrying out a PCR amplification using as matrix the Sacl fragment of 3653 bp described above, and as primers:
- the amplified fragment was digested with the enzymes Xhol and BglII, then inserted between the Xhol and BglI I sites of pBLCAT3.
- the construction "-515” was obtained by inserting the PvuII / XhoI fragment from "-1190" in the Xbal, (treated with Klenow enzyme), and Xhol sites of pBLCAT3.
- the construction "-5800” was obtained by inserting the BcoRI fragment (treated with the Klenow enzyme) / BglI I of lambda 1 into the SalI (treated with the Klenow enzyme) and BglII sites of "-1190"
- SCHUTZ publication cited above, and which contains the CAT gene under the control of the promoter of the tymidine kinase gene of the herpes virus; the plasmid here called "RSV”, which is identical to that described by GORMAN et al. [Proc. Natl.
- constructs derived from the previous ones by deletion of the promoters controlling the expression of the CAT gene were used as negative controls.
- a luciferase expression plasmid containing the "luc +" gene (PROMEGA) inserted into the vector pCDNA3 (IN VITROGEN) was used to calibrate the measurements of the CAT activity, according to the protocol described by HUBER et al. [J. Biol. Chem. 265, p. 5696-5701, (1990)]. These constructs were used to transfect on the one hand endothelial cells of aorta of beef (“BAEC”), coming from aorta of beef treated with collagenase [MOORE et al., Clin. Invest.
- NIH-3T3 fibroblastic line
- HeLa epidermal line
- HepG2 hepatocyte line
- Hel and Lin 175 hematopoietic lines
- the CAT activity of the constructs comprising the various restriction fragments obtained from the lambda genomic clone was determined in the cells of the BAEC and 3T3 lines, using as construction the HSVTK construct, and the construct without corresponding promoter.
- the CAT activity of the construction comprising the fragment -2486, +22 was determined in the cells of the lines BAEC, 3T3, HeLa, HepG2, Hel and Lin 175, using as construction the construction HSVTK, the RSV construct, and the corresponding promoter-free constructs.
- the cells were cultured in DMEM medium (GIBCO) containing 10% fetal calf serum (15% for BAEC).
- DMEM medium GIBCO
- the BAEC, 3T3, HeLa and HepG2 cells seeded the day before (10 cells) were transfected by the calcium phosphate method [WIGLER et al., Cell., 11, p. 223-232, (1977)] with 3.5 picomoles of CAT construct, and 5 micrograms of plasmid expressing luciferase.
- the Hel and Lin 175 cells (10 7 cells) were transfected by electroporation (GENE PULSER BIO-RAD, set to 400V and 960 microfarad) in 0.8 ml of PBS with 3.5 picomoles of CAT construction, 10 micrograms of plasmid luciferase and 50 micrograms of salmon sperm DNA as a trainer. In all cases, the cell extracts were prepared 2 days after the transfection by 3 freeze / thaw cycles.
- the luciferase activity was determined on an aliquot of the cell extracts using a kit (PROMEGA) and a luminometer (LKB).
- results reproduced in FIG. 1 represent the means of 5 to 10 transfections carried out in duplicate.
- constructs comprising the different fragments obtained from the lambda genomic clone are identified by the position of the 5 ′ end of the fragment concerned (relative to the site of initiation of transcription); "Without prom” indicates the construct containing the CAT gene alone; "HSVTK” indicates the positive control.
- CAT were determined with the equivalent of 200 arbitrary light units for Hel, 3000 units for HepG2,
- the 2 founders obtained (line 28 and line 23) were genotypes by the Southern technique and the number of copies of transgene in each of them was estimated by quantitative analysis at PHOPHORIMARGER (MOLECULAR DYNAMICS).
- the CAT enzymatic activity was measured on homogenates of different organs of descendant adult animals (FI) from each of these 2 founders.
- a strong CAT activity is observed, and positively correlated with the degree of vascularization of the tissues concerned, and with the number of copies of the transgene in each line. Only blood cells show no detectable activity.
- the expression profile observed for the two lines of transgenic mice is identical, which makes it possible to exclude a potential influence of the integration site on the expression of the transgene.
- This demonstrates the in vivo tissue-specific character of the expression controlled by the promoter of the VE-cadherin gene.
- the localization of CAT expression in transgenic mice has also been studied by immunohistochemistry. 13.5-day-old embryos were removed, fixed for 2 h in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS, then incubated for 1 h at 22 ° C.
- Platinum Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 used here as an endothelial marker.
- the antigen / antibody complexes are revealed by a second labeled antibody, under the conditions summarized in Table II below.
- CATCCTGCCC CAGAGACCAC TCGCATATGA AGCACACATA TTCAGTCTGC CTTACTTGTG 120
- CTTCTCCAGC TTGCATCTAA TTCGCTCTGG CAGACCATCG TGTTTCCTGT CTTCCTGGCA 360
- CTTTGCCTCA CTGAAAAGCA GGACAAGTTG GGGAACTTCC CAAACTTTTA TGCATGAAGA 1380
- CATCTCCCCA GCCTCTTGGT CCTGAGGGAC CCTGGTCTAC CTACTGCTTT GCTGTCTTCT 1740
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP52527598A JP2001504708A (ja) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-02 | Veカドヘリン・プロモーターとその使用法 |
EP97948979A EP0948611A1 (fr) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-02 | Promoteur de la ve-cadherine et ses utilisations |
CA002272994A CA2272994A1 (fr) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-02 | Promoteur de la ve-cadherine et ses utilisations |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR9614801A FR2756570B1 (fr) | 1996-12-03 | 1996-12-03 | Promoteur de la ve-cadherine et ses utilisations |
FR96/14801 | 1996-12-03 |
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WO1998024892A1 true WO1998024892A1 (fr) | 1998-06-11 |
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PCT/FR1997/002178 WO1998024892A1 (fr) | 1996-12-03 | 1997-12-02 | Promoteur de la ve-cadherine et ses utilisations |
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US (1) | US6524815B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0948611A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001504708A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2272994A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2756570B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998024892A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001066148A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Neurosearch A/S | Methode de sensibilisation des cellules endotheliales aux promedicaments |
JP2002523085A (ja) * | 1998-08-31 | 2002-07-30 | ニューヨーク・ユニバーシティ | 細胞表面にfgfレセプターを坦持する幹細胞 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1392836A2 (fr) * | 2000-11-16 | 2004-03-03 | Cardion AG | Promoteur specifique de l'endothelium vasculaire du gene cadherin-2 (hve-cad-2) de l'endothelium vasculaire humain et ses utilisations therapeutiques |
CN101993857B (zh) * | 2009-08-17 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | 与植物抗逆相关的蛋白及其编码基因与应用 |
JP2013102747A (ja) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-05-30 | Ehime Univ | 血管内皮細胞特異的プロモーター |
WO2017109039A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Vrije Universiteit Brussel | Éléments régulateurs d'acides nucléiques spécifiques à l'endothélium et méthodes et utilisation associées |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07289263A (ja) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-11-07 | Dai Ichi Seiyaku Co Ltd | 遺伝子発現用プロモーター |
WO1996009381A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-28 | Helsinki University Licensing Ltd. Oy | Promoteur pour la tyrosine-kinase receptrice tie |
-
1996
- 1996-12-03 FR FR9614801A patent/FR2756570B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-12-02 US US09/319,284 patent/US6524815B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-02 JP JP52527598A patent/JP2001504708A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-12-02 EP EP97948979A patent/EP0948611A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-02 WO PCT/FR1997/002178 patent/WO1998024892A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-12-02 CA CA002272994A patent/CA2272994A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07289263A (ja) * | 1994-04-22 | 1995-11-07 | Dai Ichi Seiyaku Co Ltd | 遺伝子発現用プロモーター |
WO1996009381A1 (fr) * | 1994-09-22 | 1996-03-28 | Helsinki University Licensing Ltd. Oy | Promoteur pour la tyrosine-kinase receptrice tie |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
AIRD W. C. ET AL.: "Human von Willebrand factor gene sequences target expression to a subpopulation of endothelial cells in transgenic mice.", PROC. NATL. ACAD. SCI. USA, vol. 92, May 1995 (1995-05-01), pages 4567 - 4571, XP002037631 * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 9602, Derwent World Patents Index; Class B04, AN 96-015268, XP002037632 * |
HUBER P. ET AL.: "Genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the mouse VE-cadherin gene (Cdh5).", GENOMICS, vol. 32, no. 1, 15 February 1996 (1996-02-15), pages 21 - 28, XP002037630 * |
SCHLAEGER T. M. ET AL.: "Vascular endothelial cell lineage-specific promoter in transgenic mice.", DEVELOPMENT, vol. 121, 1995, pages 1089 - 1098, XP000604125 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2002523085A (ja) * | 1998-08-31 | 2002-07-30 | ニューヨーク・ユニバーシティ | 細胞表面にfgfレセプターを坦持する幹細胞 |
WO2001066148A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-13 | Neurosearch A/S | Methode de sensibilisation des cellules endotheliales aux promedicaments |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2001504708A (ja) | 2001-04-10 |
FR2756570A1 (fr) | 1998-06-05 |
EP0948611A1 (fr) | 1999-10-13 |
FR2756570B1 (fr) | 2002-09-27 |
US6524815B1 (en) | 2003-02-25 |
CA2272994A1 (fr) | 1998-06-11 |
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