WO1998020995A2 - Procede et dispositif de solidification dirigee d'une masse en fusion - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de solidification dirigee d'une masse en fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998020995A2
WO1998020995A2 PCT/EP1997/006197 EP9706197W WO9820995A2 WO 1998020995 A2 WO1998020995 A2 WO 1998020995A2 EP 9706197 W EP9706197 W EP 9706197W WO 9820995 A2 WO9820995 A2 WO 9820995A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
melt
casting mold
bath
metal
cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1997/006197
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO1998020995A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Lohmüller
Peter Krug
Robert Singer
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Tfb Feingusswerk Bochum Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Tfb Feingusswerk Bochum Gmbh filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO1998020995A2 publication Critical patent/WO1998020995A2/fr
Publication of WO1998020995A3 publication Critical patent/WO1998020995A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C30B11/003—Heating or cooling of the melt or the crystallised material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the directional solidification of a melt of a metal in a casting mold, the method heating the melt and the casting mold to a first temperature above the melting point of the metal and then cooling the melt in the casting mold by immersing the casting mold in a bath from a liquid cooling medium which is at a second temperature which is below the melting point of the metal.
  • the invention further relates to a device for directional solidification of a melt with a heating chamber, which has a heating zone for maintaining a first temperature above the melting point of the metal in the melt and the casting mold.
  • the device has a crucible arranged below the heating chamber with a bath of a liquid cooling medium, which is at a second temperature which is below the melting point of the metal, and a driving device for moving the casting mold from the heating zone into the bath.
  • a method or a device for the directional solidification of a melt is used if a piece with a crystalline or single-crystal structure is to be formed from a melt. This comes into question in particular when producing a turbine blade for a gas turbine from a melt of a nickel-based or cobalt-based alloy, in particular a superalloy, as described in WO 96/05006 AI.
  • a covering layer of flowable material is arranged on the cooling medium, which is in particular tin. This completely shields the bath, even while the casting mold is entering the bath, since the flowable bulk material always tightly encloses the casting mold, even if its cross section changes during penetration of the Top layer changed.
  • WO 96/05006 AI is a rational and series production of castings with dimensions that enables the use of directional solidification for components of stationary gas turbines with nominal powers up to 200 MW and beyond, in particular for turbine blades.
  • a method and a device for producing small turbine blades with a directionally solidified structure is known from DE 28 15 818 AI.
  • Immersing the casting mold in the cooling bath which consists in particular of liquid tin, serves to create a zone in the casting mold and the melt with a steep vertical temperature gradient. With increasing immersion of the casting mold in the bath, this zone migrates through the melt against the direction in which the casting mold is immersed.
  • An advantage of a steep temperature gradient is that it enables a quick and inexpensive manufacturing process.
  • in order to prevent radiation from the heating chamber from heating the bath in the device according to DE 28 15 881 AI on the underside of the heating chamber is directed towards the casting mold, generally as
  • a separating plate made of a heat-insulating material floats on the bath, which has an opening for immersing the casting mold in the melt.
  • the bath has cooling coils in its upper area for cooling the tin and heating elements in its lower area.
  • DE-AS 19 53 716 shows a container with a bath for cooling a melt in a casting mold, the surface of the bath being covered with a heat-insulating cover layer.
  • the bath consists of liquid lead or a salt, as used in connection with salt bath stoves.
  • the purpose of the heat-insulating layer is to prevent oxidation and excessive cooling of the bath.
  • the bathroom has no direct relation to a heating device; rather it is surrounded by a cooling line, with the help of which the temperature of the lead or the salt is to be kept constant.
  • the bath is used by first inserting the empty mold and then filling it with the melt to be solidified. Directed solidification of the melt is not intended; the creation of a special distribution of the temperature inside the melt or of the casting formed therefrom is likewise not the subject of DE-AS 19 53 716.
  • heating and cooling coils are provided for generating and amplifying convection currents in the liquid bath, as a result of which an almost exactly the same temperature is maintained for the part of the bath in which the mold is embedded.
  • the embedding of the mold results in a very rapid heating of the surrounding liquid and causes one upward flow to the surface.
  • the cooling coils near the top of the liquid bath serve to cool the liquid adjacent them and cause a downward flow along the inner surface of the tank towards the bottom of the tank. There the liquid is heated up by the heating coils and an upward flow to the center of the tank is effected. As a result, a circulating device may. omitted. After the melt has solidified, the casting mold is removed upward from the heating chamber.
  • EP 0 631 832 A1 specifies a process for the directional solidification of a molten metal and a casting device for carrying out the process.
  • the casting mold which is not specified in more detail, is introduced into a cooling melt, a container receiving the cooling melt being moved relative to a heating chamber.
  • the heating chamber can also be moved relative to the container for the cooling melt.
  • DE 42 09 227 Cl relates to a device and a method for producing components from superalloys.
  • a liquid metal alloy is produced in a casting mold or mold shell for a component or is introduced into this casting mold or mold shell from the outside.
  • the liquid metal alloy is brought into a metastable supercooled state by progressive cooling, with a location being determined at which the greatest subcooling occurs.
  • This metastable state of the supercooled liquid metal alloy is destroyed at the point with the greatest supercooling, so that the liquid metal alloy solidifies and forms a dendritic crystal structure.
  • the dendritic crystal structure is transferred as a single crystal from the side of the strongest supercooling via a selector to the liquid metal alloy, which is located in the molded shell.
  • a casting mold In order to ensure single crystallinity, a casting mold is used, the inside of which is provided with aluminum oxide or boron oxide. This is where it comes from Boron oxide in contact with the melt to be solidified and thereby prevents nucleation between the inside of the casting mold and the melt.
  • the metal alloy low in germs before it is introduced into the casting mold, the melt is brought into contact with a boron oxide slag and heated to over 1500 ° C.
  • the object on which the invention is based is the method and the device of the type mentioned with regard to a higher temperature of the bath and / or an improved heat dissipation from the bath, especially when inserting the mold with the melt into it Bad, to be further developed while guaranteeing targeted solidification.
  • the object directed to a method for the directional solidification of a melt of a metal in a casting mold is achieved in that a heat exchange is carried out between the cooling medium and an inorganic heat exchange medium in order to regulate the second temperature, the temperature of the cooling medium in the bath.
  • This heat exchange preferably causes cooling of the cooling medium during and / or after immersing the casting mold in the cooling medium, so that the second temperature is kept largely constant even during immersion.
  • the heat exchange medium extracts additional heat from the cooling medium and in turn releases this heat to the environment or a second heat exchange medium, such as cooling water or cooling air.
  • the heat exchange medium is preferably a salt or has at least one salt.
  • the salt is preferably an alkali hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, an alkali nitrite or an alkali nitrate. Cooling air is preferably used as the second heat exchange medium.
  • Such an inorganic heat exchange medium in particular a heat transfer salt, has the advantage that it is generally non-toxic, non-flammable and not hazardous to water.
  • such inorganic heat exchange media are inexpensive and can be produced on an industrial scale. They also enable a large temperature working range, in particular between 140 ° C to 650 ° C. They also have a low corrosion rate.
  • the melting point of the heat exchange medium is preferably between 100 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular between 130 ° C and 170 ° C. It is therefore preferably also suitable for regulating the temperature of a metallic liquid cooling medium, in particular tin. In this case it is ensured that the second temperature is kept above 240 ° C., so that immersion of the casting mold in the tin bath is ensured at all times. Through a heat exchange with the inorganic heat exchange medium, the temperature of the tin is kept at a low level above 240 ° C., so that a steep temperature gradient of the melt of the metal in the casting mold remains guaranteed.
  • Heat exchanger salts based on sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide and based on an alkali metal nitrate or an alkali metal nitrate such as sodium nitrite are sold, for example, by Durferrit GmbH Thermotechnik, Hanau, Germany, under the name Durferrit AS 140, Durferrit GS 230.
  • Such heat transfer salts have a density in the melt between 1700 kg / m 3 and 2000 kg / m 3 and a melting point of about 140 ° C.
  • a floating, flowable cover layer made of a heat-insulating bulk material is preferably applied to the cooling medium, through which the casting mold with the melt is immersed into the bath becomes.
  • This top layer can be relatively can be generated with little effort and inexpensively by using flowable and insulating solid bodies.
  • Solid solid spheres and / or hollow bodies, preferably hollow spheres, are used in particular as such solid bodies. These are preferably made of aluminum, magnesium or zirconium oxide. They have an outer diameter between a lower limit of 0.06 mm and an upper limit of 0.4 mm. When using hollow bodies, they have an outer diameter between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, preferably about 1 mm, and are made of an aluminum oxide-silicon dioxide
  • the solid bodies are preferably constructed from a material such as cannot be wetted by the cooling medium, in particular tin. This ensures that when a metal is used as the cooling medium, an incorporation of this metal into the cover layer and thus the formation of an undesirable thermal bridge is avoided.
  • a melt for example from an inorganic salt, the non-wettability is of less importance.
  • the process is preferably carried out for the purpose of avoiding the formation of oxidic slags on the bath in the absence of oxygen, preferably under vacuum.
  • the avoidance of oxidic slags on the bath largely prevents the bulk material from sticking to the top layer.
  • the vacuum is preferably maintained at a residual pressure of 10 "3 bar, more preferably at most 10 " 4 mbar.
  • the method of any configuration is used in particular for the directional solidification of a metal in the form of a nickel-based or cobalt-based alloy, in particular a superalloy, as is usually taken into account in connection with turbine blades for gas turbines, in particular stationary gas turbines.
  • an inorganic salt with at least one alkali hydroxide, an alkali nitrite or an alkali nitrate as a cooling medium in addition to a metal such as aluminum or tin.
  • Such inorganic salts allow a wide temperature range, for example between 160 ° C and 1200 ° C.
  • the inorganic salts used preferably have a boiling point above 1200 ° C., in particular above 1400 ° C.
  • inorganic salts are easy to remove from the casting.
  • they enable good wetting of the preferably ceramic casting mold and, as a result, good heat transfer.
  • They are easy to handle, and the cooling medium can be circulated in the bath by means of inexpensive pumps.
  • a lower density compared to a metallic cooling medium, for example tin, by a factor of 3 to 4 reduces buoyancy forces in the region of the attachment of the casting mold to a quenching plate.
  • a simple locking mechanism for example a bayonet lock, can also be used effectively.
  • boron oxide which has a high boiling point of around 1800 ° C and a melting point of 450 ° C. Due to its very high boiling point, the boron oxide (B 2 0 3 ) enables a bath temperature of over 600 ° C. It is extremely low corrosive and stable even at very high temperatures, so that decomposition is avoided.
  • the boron oxide is therefore particularly suitable as a cooling medium for a bath for carrying out a directional solidification of a metal in a casting mold.
  • the melt of the boron oxide is preferably kept at a second temperature between 450 ° C. and 750 ° C., in particular above 550 ° C.
  • a floating, flowable cover layer made of a heat-insulating bulk material is preferably also provided in this case on the cooling medium, the boron oxide.
  • the object directed to a device for a device according to the preamble of claim 15 is achieved in that the crucible arranged below the heating chamber for heat exchange is connected to a cooling system comprising at least one cooling channel for throughflow with an inorganic heat exchange medium.
  • the cooling channel is preferably wound helically around the crucible.
  • the crucible is preferably designed as a double-walled container having the cooling channel.
  • Such a double-walled container is particularly easy to manufacture by attaching corresponding L- or T-profile strips to the crucible, which form partitions for cooling channels to be formed.
  • An outer wall is at least selectively attached to these profile strips, in particular welded.
  • the cooling system preferably has a heating device by means of which the cooling system is heated in such a way that inorganic cooling medium guided in the cooling system is kept above its melting point.
  • a cover layer of floating, flowable bulk material is preferably indicated on the cooling medium.
  • the cover layer preferably has a thickness of between 30 mm and 50 mm in order to ensure adequate thermal insulation. It is preferably designed and arranged such that the distance between the heating zone and the surface of the bath is as small as possible in order to produce the largest possible temperature gradient. It therefore preferably extends up to the heating chamber.
  • the device is more preferably enclosed by an evacuable and / or fillable protective vessel in order to prevent the effect of harmful gases such as oxygen on the metal or the cooling medium and, if necessary, the spread of heat by forming a vacuum in the protective vessel prevent by convection.
  • the temperature inside the vessel can be up to 300 ° C, which in particular also ensures that organic deposits are removed by the pumping process required to maintain the vacuum and neither the device nor the heat-sensitive liquid metals and / or organic Can affect heat exchange media.
  • the device and the method are explained in more detail on the basis of the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. To clarify the specific details, the drawing is not to scale and, if necessary, slightly distorted.
  • the single figure shows a vertical section through a device according to the invention with a casting mold which contains a melt to be cooled.
  • the figure shows a melt 1 of a metal, in particular a superalloy for the production of turbine blades 8, in a casting mold (2) which, for the purpose of cooling, is to be immersed in a bath 3 of a liquid cooling medium, preferably tin, an inorganic salt or boron oxide.
  • the liquid cooling medium is at a second temperature, which is lower than the first temperature of the melt 1.
  • the bath 3 is covered by a cover layer 4, which consists of a flowable, heat-insulating bulk material made of spherical solids 5, 6 (hollow balls 5, solid balls 6 ) is covered.
  • the hollow balls 4 are preferably made of a ceramic material, such as silicon dioxide-aluminum oxide (mullite).
  • Solid balls 6 are preferably made of a material such as aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide or zirconium oxide. Solid out A solid material can also consist, for example, of powder particles 6 of a commercially available powder.
  • the cover layer 4 significantly reduces the heat input from the heating zone 7, in which the casting mold 2 with the melt 1 is initially held, into the bath 3.
  • the casting mold 2 is in the heating zone 7 at a very high first temperature, in particular around 1600 ° C.
  • a high temperature gradient corresponding to a particularly high temperature gradient, forms in the interior of the cover layer 4.
  • melt 1 Due to the heat input into the melt 1 and the casting mold 2 in the heating zone 7, and due to the heat discharge from the melt 1 and the casting mold 2 in the bath 3, the melt 1 arises in the area where the casting mold 2 covers the top layer 4 traverses, also a high temperature gradient.
  • a high temperature gradient causes a directed solidification of the melt 1 to form a workpiece or several workpieces, in particular a turbine blade 8 with a columnar-crystalline or single-crystal structure.
  • the heating zone 7 is located in a heating chamber 9, which is placed on a crucible 10, which contains the bath 3.
  • the crucible 10 is surrounded by a cooling system 20 with at least one cooling channel 21.
  • the cooling channel 21 is formed by a double-walled design of the crucible 10, in which a plurality of partition walls 25 are arranged between an inner wall 23 and an outer wall 24 of the crucible 10, through which a cooling channel 21 or a plurality of cooling channels 21 are formed.
  • the partition walls 25 can be produced by metal supports with an L-shaped or T-shaped profile, the outer wall 24 being attached, in particular welded, at least at certain points to these partition walls 25. It is also possible to form cooling channels 21 by pipes coupled to the crucible 10 in terms of heat technology.
  • the cooling channel 21 is designed for a through-flow with an inorganic heat exchange medium, in particular an inorganic salt based on an alkali hydride, an alkali nitrite and / or an alkali nitrate. Since such heat exchange media 19 have a melting point of above have half 130 ° C, a heating device 22, in particular in the form of electrically heatable mats, is applied to the cooling duct 21 in terms of heat technology. With the heat exchange medium 19, heat is preferably withdrawn from the bath 3 during and / or after immersion of the casting mold 2 in the bath 3, so that the second temperature remains largely constant even during the directional solidification of the melt 1. It is also possible to heat the bath 3 via the heat exchange medium 19.
  • an inorganic heat exchange medium in particular an inorganic salt based on an alkali hydride, an alkali nitrite and / or an alkali nitrate. Since such heat exchange media 19 have a melting point of above have half 130 ° C, a heating device 22, in particular
  • a driving device 11 protrudes into the interior of the heating chamber 9, symbolized by a holding frame 11 with or with which the casting mold 2 can be moved and in particular can be immersed into the bath 3 from the heating zone 7.
  • a seal of the bath 3, and associated desired positioning of the bath
  • Oxidize melt 1 could keep away from the device.
  • the protective vessel 13 can be evacuated and / or with a suitable protective gas, e.g. Argon, be filled.
  • the casting mold 2 rests on a cooling plate 14, which should also partially immerse in the bath 3 when the casting mold 2 itself does not do this. This serves to cool the lower area of the casting mold 2, if necessary, even before the melt 1 is poured in. This ensures a suitable initial temperature distribution for the directional solidification of the melt 1, which is achieved by slowly immersing the casting mold 2 in the bath 3.
  • the cooling plate 14 can optionally be omitted.
  • a plurality of heating elements 15, for example resistance heating elements, inductively acting susceptors or the like, are arranged vertically one above the other in the heating zone 7.
  • the heating chamber 9 is lined Det with an insulating liner 16.
  • the heating chamber 9 is covered with a lid 17 which has a corresponding passage for the support frame 11.
  • insulating rings 18 Arranged between the heating elements 15 are insulating rings 18 which, depending on the size and shape of the casting mold 2, may allow one or more of the heating elements 15 to be left unused, starting from above, or in the heating power generated in each case with regard to a desired distribution of the temperature adapt.
  • the invention is characterized in that, on the one hand, better heat dissipation is achieved even at higher bath temperatures by means of an inorganic heat exchange medium, in particular a melt of a salt containing an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkali metal nitrite and / or an alkali metal nitrate.
  • a cooling medium is provided for the directional solidification of the metallic melt, which is preferably boron oxide. Due to its high boiling point, boron oxide allows directional solidification to be carried out at a high temperature of over 400 ° C, especially over 500 ° C.
  • a melt of an inorganic salt for example an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkali metal nitrite and / or an alkali metal nitrate with a correspondingly high boiling point, can also be provided as an alternative cooling medium.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de solidification dirigée d'une masse métallique en fusion (1) dans un moule (2). On prépare la masse en fusion (1) à haute température dans un moule (2) et on dirige sa solidification en plongeant le moule (2) dans un bain (3) de liquide réfrigérant réglé à une seconde température inférieure. Pour ajuster cette seconde température, on procède à un échange thermique entre le produit réfrigérant et un agent d'échange thermique (19) inorganique. Indépendamment ou en complément de cette opération, on utilise comme produit réfrigérant de l'oxyde de bore ou un sel inorganique contenant un hydroxyde alcalin, un nitrite alcalin ou un nitrate alcalin. L'invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de la solidification dirigée d'une masse en fusion (1).
PCT/EP1997/006197 1996-11-13 1997-11-07 Procede et dispositif de solidification dirigee d'une masse en fusion WO1998020995A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19647313.6 1996-11-13
DE1996147313 DE19647313A1 (de) 1996-11-13 1996-11-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum gerichteten Erstarren einer Schmelze

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998020995A2 true WO1998020995A2 (fr) 1998-05-22
WO1998020995A3 WO1998020995A3 (fr) 1998-08-27

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PCT/EP1997/006197 WO1998020995A2 (fr) 1996-11-13 1997-11-07 Procede et dispositif de solidification dirigee d'une masse en fusion

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DE (1) DE19647313A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998020995A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2341814A (en) * 1998-09-22 2000-03-29 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Directional solidification using toroidal coils
US7703304B2 (en) 2005-02-03 2010-04-27 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Apparatus for quantitative solidification of molten salt by using vacuum transfer and dual vessel
US8141769B2 (en) 2005-07-22 2012-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for repairing a component comprising a directional microstructure by setting a temperature gradient during the laser heat action, and a component produced by such a process
CN114073915A (zh) * 2020-08-21 2022-02-22 博特化工装置股份公司 用于生产碱金属氢氧化物颗粒的装置

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DE19919869B4 (de) * 1999-04-30 2009-11-12 Alstom Gussofen zur Herstellung von gerichtet ein- und polykristallin erstarrten Giesskörpern
US6446700B1 (en) * 1999-07-19 2002-09-10 General Electric Company Floating insulating baffle for high gradient casting
EP2060342A1 (fr) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-20 General Electric Company Appareil et procédé de moulage directionnel à métal liquide
DE102017115087B4 (de) * 2017-07-06 2019-12-19 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils
CN114619020B (zh) * 2020-12-11 2024-03-12 中国科学院金属研究所 利用液态金属冷却定向凝固技术进行高效密排单晶叶片的制备方法

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DE1953716A1 (de) * 1968-10-28 1971-04-15 Yonosuke Matsunaga Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussblocks
DE2242111A1 (de) * 1971-09-15 1973-03-22 United Aircraft Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum giessen von gegenstaenden mit gerichtet erstarrtem gefuege
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EP0631832A1 (fr) * 1993-07-02 1995-01-04 Leybold Durferrit GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la coulée par solidification dirigée de métal en fusion
DE4417105A1 (de) * 1994-05-16 1995-11-23 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung rißfreier Kristalle
WO1996005006A1 (fr) * 1994-08-08 1996-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif permettant une solidification dirigee d'une matiere fondue

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DE4321640C2 (de) * 1993-06-30 1998-08-06 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum gerichteten Erstarren einer Metallschmelze und Gießvorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung

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DE1953716A1 (de) * 1968-10-28 1971-04-15 Yonosuke Matsunaga Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussblocks
DE2242111A1 (de) * 1971-09-15 1973-03-22 United Aircraft Corp Verfahren und vorrichtung zum giessen von gegenstaenden mit gerichtet erstarrtem gefuege
DE2815818A1 (de) * 1977-04-21 1978-10-26 United Technologies Corp Giessgeraet fuer die gerichtete erstarrung von schmelzfluessigem metall
EP0631832A1 (fr) * 1993-07-02 1995-01-04 Leybold Durferrit GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la coulée par solidification dirigée de métal en fusion
DE4417105A1 (de) * 1994-05-16 1995-11-23 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung rißfreier Kristalle
WO1996005006A1 (fr) * 1994-08-08 1996-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif permettant une solidification dirigee d'une matiere fondue

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2341814A (en) * 1998-09-22 2000-03-29 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Directional solidification using toroidal coils
GB2341814B (en) * 1998-09-22 2003-03-05 Ald Vacuum Techn Gmbh Device for directional solidification of a fused metal which has been poured into a moulding shell and a process for this purpose
US7703304B2 (en) 2005-02-03 2010-04-27 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Apparatus for quantitative solidification of molten salt by using vacuum transfer and dual vessel
US8141769B2 (en) 2005-07-22 2012-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process for repairing a component comprising a directional microstructure by setting a temperature gradient during the laser heat action, and a component produced by such a process
CN114073915A (zh) * 2020-08-21 2022-02-22 博特化工装置股份公司 用于生产碱金属氢氧化物颗粒的装置

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WO1998020995A3 (fr) 1998-08-27
DE19647313A1 (de) 1998-05-14

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