WO1998017128A1

WO1998017128A1 - Calcium-containing food

Info

Publication number: WO1998017128A1
Application number: PCT/JP1997/003799
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yoshinari Kumagai; Azuma Kubo
Original assignee: California Calcium Corporation
Priority date: 1996-10-24
Filing date: 1997-10-21
Publication date: 1998-04-30
Also published as: CZ139099A3; KR20000052727A; PL332959A1; ZA979403B; AU713772B2; NO991952L; AU4574797A; IL129472A0; YU20299A; NO991952D0; HUP0001096A3; HUP0001096A2

Abstract

Firing sea urchin shells at 500 to 1500 °C for 6 hr or longer gives rise to a calcium-containing composition suitable particularly for food. The composition can allow excellent calcium absorption in the digestive tract, is easy to process, has a fine texture and a beautiful white appearance, and can be mixed with other food material(s) to prepare an excellent health food.

Description

Description Calcium-containing food Technical field

The present invention relates to a food containing calcium. Skill

Calcium is an essential element for maintaining life. Particularly in higher animals, not only are the main components of bones, but also one living body plays an essential role in exerting individual biological functions to maintain the whole living body.

Bone calcium concentration is extremely high, not only to maintain its structural strength, but also to store excess calcium, when the calcium concentration in the body fluid is insufficient, it can be quickly released and supplemented It is believed to be so. It is well known that poor intake of calcium can lead to osteoporosis and other diseases that weaken the bone, but this is due to the fact that there is a lot of bone calcium in the body fluid to compensate for the lack of calcium in the body fluid. By melting.

On the other hand, the difference in calcium concentration between the inside and outside of the cell is about 10,000 times that when individual cells perform some function, the calcium channel on the cell membrane opens instantaneously, and calcium is added from outside to inside the cell. -It is necessary to flow into the air. If the difference in calcium concentration between the inside and outside of the cell is not sufficiently large, it is difficult to cause such momentary influx of calcium into the cell, and various life phenomena caused by this (muscle contraction, hormone secretion) , Nerve transmission, etc.) cannot be performed smoothly.

Because calcium has the ability to regulate these delicate biological phenomena, its disorder in body fluid concentration and metabolism causes many kinds of diseases. For example, calcium intake If the intake of calcium is insufficient and the concentration of calcium in the body fluid is insufficient for a long time, more calcium will be dissolved from the bone into the body fluid to make up for it. This results in a slightly higher calcium concentration in the body fluid and a higher calcium concentration in the cells. When this happens, the cells will remain in the overstimulated “excited state” for a long time. If this occurs in muscle around blood vessels (vascular smooth muscle), it will result in chronic hypertension, and if it occurs in brain cells, it will manifest as epilepsy-like symptoms.

Thus, maintaining the calcium concentration in body fluids strictly within the optimal concentration range is extremely important for maintaining the health of living organisms. In normal higher animals, the calcium concentration in body fluids is always strictly in the range of 8.5 to 11.10 mg / dl, and if it falls outside the normal range. The function that tries to return works strongly.

Except for artificial methods such as injection, the only way to take calcium naturally into body fluids is by oral ingestion. In other words, the only entry of calcium into the body is in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the duodenum to the upper small intestine. On the other hand, the only outlet for calcium in the body is the kidney. In other words, calcium once in the body is excreted only in urine. The only place where calcium is stored in the body is bone. Regulation of calcium concentration in body fluids is carried out by the above three functions of storage in bone and dissolution from bone, ingestion from digestive tract, and excretion in urine in kidney. These functions are regulated by several hormones.

When the concentration of calcium in body fluids becomes lower, the intestine will try to absorb more calcium, more calcium will be dissolved in body fluids from bones, and more calcium will be excreted in urine once in the kidneys, and more in blood. Try to reabsorb. Conversely, when the concentration of calcium in body fluids increases, calcium absorption in the intestine is suppressed, excess calcium in body fluids is stored in bone, and in the kidneys, calcium excreted in urine is reabsorbed into blood. Is suppressed. These regulatory actions in the gastrointestinal tract, bone, and kidney are controlled mainly by hormones such as calcitonin (Cakiton in), parathyroid hormone (Parathyroid Hormone = PTH), and active vitamin D. These three types of hormones are produced by the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and kidney, respectively, and these organs have sensors that are sensitive to the concentration of calcium in body fluids. They secrete these hormones accordingly.

In humans, with or without ingestion of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, about 10 g of calcium per day migrates from the blood into the urine in the kidney, and about 98% of it rebounds again in the kidney. Reabsorbed in blood. That is, about 200 to 250 mg of calcium is excreted daily with urine outside the body. Therefore, if calcium intake is not sufficient, calcium in body fluids will be excreted little by little every day, and calcium will gradually dissolve from bones into body fluids every day to make up for it. That is, the calcium content in the bone is gradually lost, and the strength of the bone is also lost.

On the other hand, in the human gastrointestinal tract, as shown in Fig. 1, most of the dietary calcium intake is absorbed when the intake is low, but the absorption efficiency gradually decreases as the intake increases. Going down. For example, 1 says that if about 100 mg of calcium is ingested as a diet, about 25% (25 O mg) of it is absorbed under normal conditions. In other words, if this amount of calcium is consumed daily as a diet, the balance of calcium as an individual is well balanced.

Of all the nutrients, potassium is the most inadequate in intake. Table 1 compares the required daily intake of calcium by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) for various ages and genders with the average actual intake. As the table shows, in almost all layers the actual intake is below the required intake. Even in Japan, it is known that the actual calcium intake of Japanese people is far below the required intake. Thus, even in developed countries with little food insecurity, calcium is Nutrients for which few people meet their needs, Table 1

As mentioned above, although calcium is a very important nutrient for maintaining the health of the body, many people do not consume enough. In addition, most people do not always consume calcium, which has high absorption efficiency.Currently, calcium used as a food ingredient in foods and health foods is made of bones such as limestone, calcium phosphate ore, and cattle. , Eggshell, oysters, seashells such as seaweed, wakame Manufactured from seaweed such as seaweed and kelp. Calcium produced from these ingredients, when consumed as a diet, exhibits different gastrointestinal absorption rates. Calcium in these raw materials is mostly in the form of calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate, but organic acids such as lactic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, and maleic acid are used to increase absorption in the digestive tract. Is often converted to calcium salts. However, calcium obtained from these raw materials has drawbacks such as insufficient absorption rate in the digestive tract, or poor absorption rate in the digestive tract but low production efficiency and high cost. Therefore, it is not an excellent food for calcium supplementation. Disclosure of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a calcium-containing food having an excellent calcium absorption rate in the digestive tract.

In order to solve such a problem, the present inventors have researched and developed a new calcium material, and the calcium-containing composition obtained by sintering the shell of cinnamon has a higher calcium content than other materials. It has been found that the calcium-containing composition has a very high absorption rate in the digestive tract. No.)

The present inventors have conducted further studies on a calcium-containing composition obtained by calcining a cinnamon shell, and as a result, the calcium-containing composition has a strict control of its production process, The present inventors have found that not only the calcium absorption rate in the digestive tract is excellent but also a calcium-containing composition particularly suitable for food is produced, and the present invention has been completed. In other words, the present inventors set the baking temperature to 500 to 150 ° C. and the baking time to 6 hours or more when baking cinnamon husks. It was found that a product was manufactured, and the present invention was completed. In addition, the absorption rate of calcium in the digestive tract should be extremely low However, providing an excellent calcium balance is a particularly great feature of the calcium-containing food of the present invention.

The calcium-containing composition of the present invention can be obtained by first removing the meat portion adhering to the coconut shell, washing the coconut shell with water, and then baking it at a high temperature.

The type of the raw material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include animals belonging to the class Echinoderm, for example, purple sacrifice, akaukaji, bahunpuni, ezobafunni, gangaze, shirohigeji, and the like. it can. In order to remove the flesh attached to the ゥ shell, for example, a spatula or the like can be used to remove the ovaries and the flesh attached to the inside of the ゥ shell. The husks, excluding the meat, are washed with water and fired.

The ovaries are used for food in Japan and South Korea, and shells and other meat parts are usually discarded. The calcium-containing food that is the object of the present invention can be produced from inexpensive raw materials because shells that had previously been discarded can be used. In addition, the raw material is originally provided for food, there is no worry about toxicity. Furthermore, there is a possibility that problems such as environmental pollution and waste disposal due to the disposal of shells from fisheries factories can be solved.

The calcination is performed at a high temperature by placing the coconut shell in a furnace that can reach a high temperature, such as an electric furnace, a gas furnace, or a heavy oil furnace. The firing temperature is 500 to 150 ° C, preferably 700 to 150 ° C, more preferably 100 to 150 ° C, and the firing time is 6 hours or more, The time is preferably 8 to 24 hours, more preferably 10 to 18 hours.

After calcination, the calcium-containing composition obtained by such calcination may be appropriately used depending on the application, such as calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium citrate, calcium alginate, calcium lactate, calcium maleate, and gluconic acid. It can be converted to salts such as calcium, calcium bicophosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium chloride. Such salts of the calcium-containing composition in various forms obtained by baking the coconut shell can be used for food applications, generally by being subsequently blended with other foodstuffs and the like. For example, it can be mixed into cookies and beverages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the relationship between calcium intake and absorption rate.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in blood calcium concentration in parathyroidectomized rats. FIG. 3 is a graph showing total calcium excretion in urine of parathyroidectomized rats.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing total calcium excretion in feces of parathyroidectomized rats.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a calcium balance in a parathyroidectomy rat. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[Example 1] Properties of the two-shell firing power limestone

The husks were washed with water to remove adhering meat, seaweed, etc., divided into four groups, and baked in a firing furnace at 100 ° C. for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours, respectively. By this firing, the shells of each group, the following color.

Group A (baked for 2 hours): Gray white

Group B (baked for 4 hours): slightly dull white

Group C (baked for 6 hours): White

Group D (baked for 8 hours): White

The baked shells of each group have been roughly cracked or broken, The original form of was kept.

To prepare citrate for food from the baking husks of each group, the same amount was placed in separate reaction tanks, and citrate anhydride and water were added slowly with stirring. As a result, the aqueous solution of citrate formed by the reaction of citrate anhydride and water was gradually absorbed in each group of samples while generating heat, forming a mass of calcium citrate. At the same time, the shape of the fired ゥ shell, which had remained in the original shape of the shell, began to collapse and turned into a coarse-grained powder.

In the above process, the time required to convert 100 kg of the calcined cinnamon shell into citrate is about 2 hours for the above groups C and D, while about 4 hours for the group B In group A, it took more than 7 hours. In addition, the citrate powder produced was the finest in Group C and D and the coarsest in Group A. The color of the powder produced was white in Group C and Group D, slightly dull white in Group B, and grayish white in Group A.

The power obtained by baking the food husks prepared in this way is added, for example, to calcium-enriched cookies. It is possible to mix it with other ingredients to make cookies, but the powder of group B or group A is coarse and may need to be milled before mixing with other ingredients Was. In particular, the powder of Group A has an off-white color, so mixing the powder will affect the color of the food.

Thus, when calcium obtained by baking husks is used as food, the baked husks of baked husks for 6 hours or more have a smooth, fine-grained appearance and a beautiful white appearance. Suitable for mixing with other ingredients.

The same experiment was performed with the firing temperature set to 500 ° C. or 150 ° C., and similar results were obtained.

[Example 2] Manufacture of two-shell calcined calcium The rind was washed with water to remove attached meat, seaweed, and the like, and then baked in a baking oven at 100 ° C. for 12 hours. By this calcination, calcium contained mainly in the form of calcium carbonate in the coconut shell was converted to calcium oxide, and the organic matter contained in the coconut shell was completely eliminated. Although the fired duck shells were roughly cracked or cracked, the shell's original shape remained, and the duck shell's original color was completely lost to pure white. The calcined product was exposed to carbon dioxide gas with gentle stirring, returned to calcium carbonate again, and then finely pulverized with a pulverizer to form a powder.

[Example 3] Absorption of calcined calcium in shellfish into living body

Rats from which the parathyroid gland was removed by surgery (parathyroidectomized rats) were maintained on a low-calcium diet (a diet for normal rats containing only 0.1% calcium) for 7 days. In particular, the last 12 hours of the 7 days were fasting. As a result, the blood calcium concentration of these parathyroidectomized rats stabilized at about 4 to 5 mg / d1, which is about half of the normal value (8.5 to 11 mg / d1). Among these parathyroidectomy rats, 24 rats (equal in sex) were selected from those with normal health and a sufficiently low blood calcium concentration, and 6 rats in each group (each sex) (3 dogs each).

The same low calcium diet as described above was prepared by mixing the calcium carbonate of the husk, the calcium of the oyster shell, and the calcium carbonate derived from limestone, which were prepared as the calcium carbonate preparations obtained in Example 2, respectively. In addition, the same low calcium diet as above without any added calcium was also prepared. These four diets were fed to the above four groups of parathyroidectomized rats with reduced blood calcium levels. That is, all parathyroid rats were divided into the following four groups.

Group 1: Low calcium diet group

Group 2: Limestone-derived calcium diet group

Group 3: Oyster shell calcium diet group

Group 4: ゥ Calcium diet group Groups 2, 3, and 4 received large doses of calcium. That is, the amount of calcium consumed by one rat per day is calculated as the average weight of 1 kg of all rats.

The diet containing each sample was given to a concentration of 380 mg. This dose is equivalent to 22.8 g per day when converted to a human adult weighing 60 kg, and is much larger than the daily requirement in Table 1. In addition, the dietary intake per rat per day for all rats in groups 1-4 was reduced to a maximum of 12 g or less. Note that each calcium sample given to each group was based on the first 12 g of the diet

Every 4 g was included, and it was confirmed every day that at least 4 g of all rats had been consumed in their entirety during the day. Water was available ad libitum.

Blood from individual rats in all these groups was collected every 24 hours from the start of the test (0 hour) for 7 days (168 hours from the start of the test), and the calcium concentration in the blood was measured. It was measured.

In addition, the total amount of urine and feces of the rats in each group was administered for 24 hours immediately before starting to feed each of the above-mentioned diets (24 hours to 24 hours), and 24 hours immediately after starting to feed each day for 2 days (0 hours to 24 hours). And 24 to 48 hours), and the amount of potassium contained therein was quantified as necessary. As mentioned above, calcium taken orally is either absorbed in the intestine or excreted in the feces without being absorbed, and calcium once absorbed from the intestine is excreted in the urine There is no way out of the body except to be done. Therefore, by quantifying the calcium content in urine and feces, the calcium in the living body within a certain period of time (24 hours immediately before the start of sample administration and 48 hours immediately after the start of sample administration) was determined. Total excretion can be ascertained.

As shown in Fig. 2, the calcium concentration in the blood showed almost the same changes in the three groups (calcium-based calcium diet group) and the four groups (dish-shell calcium diet group) throughout the seven days. The value was statistically significantly higher at most of the time compared to Groups 1 (low calcium diet group) and 2 (limestone-derived calcium diet group). This is due to poor absorption of calcium Even when used at higher doses, calcium obtained from oyster shells and cinnamon shells is superior to limestone-derived calcium in the absorption of calcium into the body in the intestine, and parathyroidectomy And it shows that it improves the condition of hypotension lucidemia caused by low calcium diet better.

On the other hand, when the amount of calcium excreted in urine of each group of rats was compared, as shown in Fig. 3, groups 3 (oyster shell calcium diet group) and group 4 (perilla shell calcium diet group) showed 1 The urinary calcium excretion was significantly higher than in the group (low calcium diet group) and the two groups (limestone-derived calcium diet group). In other words, the blood calcium concentration in the groups 3 and 4 increases as the urinary calcium excretion increases (the reabsorption of calcium from the urine into the blood is suppressed) as compared to the groups 1 and 2. This confirms the results in Figure 2. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups 3 and 4, but urinary calcium excretion in group 4 tended to be slightly higher than in group 3.

Therefore, among the collected feces, the fecal power of each rat in groups 1, 3, and 4 was measured, and the calcium content in feces was compared every 24 hours. . The results are shown in Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 4, 24 groups immediately before starting to feed each of the above diets (—24 to 0 hours) and 24 hours immediately after starting to feed (0 to 24 hours) showed three groups (oyster shells). Calcium excretion in feces was almost the same between the calcium diet group and the four groups (4-shell calcium diet group) (that is, almost the same amount was absorbed from the intestine). However, between 24 and 48 hours, the group 3 (oyster shell calcium diet group) showed significantly higher excretion of fecal calcium than the group 4 (persimmon shell calcium diet group). Also, when comparing the total amount of excreted calcium in feces from 0 to 48 hours, the feces of group 3 (oyster shell calcium diet group) was significantly higher than that of group 4 (perilla shell calcium diet group). The amount of calcium excreted therein was shown, and the statistically significant difference was further widened.

In other words, even when a high dose was used, the calcium in the intestine was significantly superior in the rate of calcium absorption from the intestine as compared with the calcium in the oyster shell. Also, 0 ~ 24: 00 The difference between the two groups was small, and the difference was wide in 24 to 48 hours. This is because during the first 24 hours of extreme hypocalcemia, both calcium were equally well absorbed, as the body was seeking a quick calcium replacement, but blood strength During the next 24 hours, when it is close to the normal range, only the truly absorbable coconut shell calcium retains a high absorption rate and the oyster shell calcium absorption rate drops sharply. Is shown.

In addition, the balance of calcium balance at 24 to 0, 0 to 24, and 24 to 48 hours, that is, calcium actually obtained (or lost) by individual organisms in each of these time zones Was calculated. That is, the calcium balance is "total amount of calcium ingested orally"-"[urine calcium excretion] +" fecal calcium excretion "]. Figure 5 shows the calcium balance in each of the 1, 3, and 4 groups. As shown in this figure, in the balance of total calcium in the living body, the coconut shell calcium was significantly superior to the oyster shell calcium at p-0.01.

The above results are summarized as follows.

1) Even at high doses, penile shell calcium shows superior intestinal absorption compared to limestone-derived calcium, significantly reducing hypocalcemia caused by parathyroidectomy and low calcium diet. Improved.

2) Pencil shell calcium is not only used at high doses, but also at the time of relatively normal body fluid calcium concentration, not only in the case of hypocalcemia where the living body needs prompt calcium supplementation. It showed superior calcium absorption and calcium balance compared to oyster shell calcium.

As mentioned above, calcium absorbed from the diet is transferred to body fluids such as blood, and the calcium concentration in the body fluid is strictly maintained within a certain range of 8.5 to 11.O mg / d1. . Therefore, when the calcium concentration in the body fluid tends to be too high, the living body suppresses calcium absorption from the intestinal tract (Reaction A), and the calcium from the kidney It promotes seam excretion (Reaction B) and accumulates excess calcium in bone (Reaction C). From the above, in the above-mentioned example relating to the calcium of the coconut shell, the fact that the total amount of calcium actually obtained by each individual organism is large (excellent in the calcium balance) means that the accumulation of calcium in the blood It is not a sign, but a sign that the bone has more calcium taken up. That is, among these three body fluid calcium regulating functions, not only the reactions A and B but also the reaction C work well. Industrial applicability

According to the present invention, there is provided a calcium-containing composition which is excellent in the absorption rate of calcium in the digestive tract, has a smooth processing, is fine-grained, and has a beautiful white appearance, and is particularly suitable for producing a calcium-containing food. It has become possible to produce excellent health foods by mixing the ingredients with other ingredients.

Claims

The scope of the claims

1. A food product comprising a calcium-containing composition obtained by baking a duck shell in a temperature range of 500 to 150 ° C for 6 hours or more.

2. Use of a calcium-containing composition obtained by baking a coconut shell in a temperature range of 500 to 150 ° C for 6 hours or more for the preparation of a calcium-containing food.

3. A method for producing a calcium-containing food, comprising a step of adding a calcium-containing composition obtained by baking the coconut shell in a temperature range of 500 to 1500 ° C for 6 hours or more.