WO1998011401A1

WO1998011401A1 - Method and device for producing explosives and filling of shot and blast holes

Info

Publication number: WO1998011401A1
Application number: PCT/EP1997/004898
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alexsander Vasielewich Bojew
Original assignee: Appenzeller, Albert; Bojew, Dimitri; Krasnoschoko, Alexsandrowich
Priority date: 1996-09-12
Filing date: 1997-09-09
Publication date: 1998-03-19
Also published as: DE19637024C2; EP0925481A1; DE19637024A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for producing explosive and filling shot and blast holes with explosives which can be disposed in bulk. The explosive components are suctioned out of the store tanks, mixed in a mixing tank (1) and transported from the mixing tank (1) to the shot and blast hole. A device having besides an air pressure pump (8) an ejector (6) to produce a vacuum is used to suction the individual explosive components from the store tank (17) and transport them to the mixing tank (1). The components are transported from the mixing tank to the shot and blast hole by means of an overpressure. The method is substantially safer than conventional procedures, since no finished explosives but only their components are handled. The density of the explosive can be adjusted and different classes of explosives can be obtained.

Description

Method and device for producing explosives and filling explosive and boreholes

Description

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing explosives and for filling explosive and boreholes with explosives.

Such methods and devices are such. B. from DE-Cl-34 16 583 and DD 255 783 known. In these publications, finished explosives are blown into a blasting and drilling hole via a pneutmatic device and are optionally wetted with a liquid. In this way, pourable explosives can be introduced into any boreholes and blasting holes, but it is considered disadvantageous in these methods and devices that a finished explosive must be used, since this is relatively expensive.

The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device with which blasting and drilling holes can be filled with explosives in a simple and inexpensive manner.

This object is achieved with a method in which at least two constituents of the explosive are transported from storage containers into a mixing container by suppressing the at least two constituents in the mixing container and possibly already being mixed with one another during transport to the mixing container, with after filling the Mixing container, the at least two components by means of overpressure from the mixing container are blown out and the at least two components are transported after blowing out from the mixing container by means of overpressure into a charging line and by means of the charging line into the blasting and drilling hole, the at least two components being mixed further with one another during blowing out and further transport.

This method according to the invention has the essential advantage that no finished explosive is required for filling the blasting and drilling holes, but rather the components forming the explosive can be used. All in all, these components are much cheaper than the finished explosives. In addition, no finished explosives need to be stored and transported to the blasting site, which is usually associated with high safety precautions. The storage and transport of components of the explosive is much less dangerous and therefore requires less safety precautions, which can further reduce costs. Another advantage is seen in the fact that the composition and / or density (for example from 0.8 to 1.4 glcm ³ ) of the explosive can be adapted to the rock or rock to be blasted, so that the desired or required explosive force is always achieved is achievable. When using finished explosives, this can only ever be achieved approximately. Since the transport of the individual components as well as their mixing and the transport of the components mixed with one another takes place exclusively by means of air under negative pressure and positive pressure, a further risk reduction can be achieved. Bulky explosives are preferably produced.

The negative pressure by means of an ejector is advantageous generated, which is driven by an air pressure pump or by a blower. A separate suction fan does not have to be provided to generate the negative pressure, since the already existing high air pressure can be used to generate the negative pressure via the ejector.

An optimal suction effect is achieved in that air is sucked off in the upper region of the mixing container, but, if necessary, air can also be extracted in a central section of the mixing container. The individual components of the explosive are sucked in via this mixing container, to which the individual storage containers are connected via transport lines. In this way, the container can be filled completely. The air in the mixing container can be sucked out before and / or during the transport of the components of the explosive. As a rule, there is a negative pressure on the mixing tank until it is filled to the desired level.

An advantageous variant provides that after the components of the explosive have been transported into the mixing container, the feed lines are flushed by means of excess pressure. This prevents caking or clogging of these lines.

If the mixing container is filled, it can be alternately pressurized and depressurized. This has the advantage that the individual constituents are better mixed with one another, in particular the liquid phase penetrates better into the dry phase.

According to the invention, when the mixed components of the explosive are transported from the Air is blown into an upper and a middle area of the mixing container in the direction of the charging line. By means of the air blown in the middle area of the mixing container, the bed located in the mixing container is loosened and lumps are prevented from forming. The bulk material formed by the two components mixed with one another is blown out of the mixing container both via the compressed air blown in in the middle area and via the compressed area in the upper area. Other suitable measures can further avoid clumping and caking of the bulk material in the mixing container, but this should not be the subject of this invention.

At least one further constituent can advantageously be admixed during the transport of the constituents of the explosive from the mixing container into the explosive and borehole. This additional component can be a new component or this additional component can be identical to one of the previously mixed components. So z. B. for the production of an ANFO explosive, ammonium nitrate and diesel oil are first mixed with one another and, when this mixture is transported, the explosive and borehole are additionally mixed with diesel oil. However, an additive can also be added as a further component. In this way the explosives class can be changed.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved according to the invention with a device, the device having a mixing container, a feed line opening into the mixing container, a charging line leading out of the mixing container, an air pressure pump and a storage container, at least one further storage container being provided st and the storage containers serve to hold components of the explosive and an ejector connected to the mixing container is provided, with which the components can be transported into the mixing container by means of negative pressure from the at least two storage containers.

This device according to the invention, with which the method according to the invention mentioned at the outset can be carried out, has the essential advantage that it can be set up in the immediate vicinity of the blasting and drilling hole and the actual production of the explosive takes place there. Since the finished explosive is only produced in this device and the explosive and borehole is introduced immediately thereafter, the operators generally do not come into contact with this explosive. With the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, pourable, liquid, gel-like, knead-like, mud-like, dust-like and free-flowing explosives can be processed.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the storage containers are provided with transports that open into the feed line. The mixing of the individual components of the explosive thus takes place not only in the mixing container, but already in the feed line, into which the individual transports via which the components are supplied flow. In this way, better mixing, in particular of the ammonium nitrate present as granules and of the diesel oil, which wets the individual granules and can penetrate into cracks and gaps, is achieved.

In order to optimally supply the mixing container with negative pressure or with excess pressure, the mixing container is in its upper area and a middle area connected to air lines. These air lines are connected to the ejector or to the air pressure pump. In this way, as already mentioned, the container can be completely filled on the one hand and completely emptied again on the other hand.

A bypass preferably opens into at least one of the storage containers in its charging line. Via this bypass, another component from one of the storage containers can be directly mixed into the components of the explosive mixed with one another.

In order to be able to optimally transport the components mixed together and transported out of the mixing container and to be able to pressurize them into the blasting and drilling hole, an air line connected to the air pressure pump opens into the charging line. By means of this air line, the explosive mixture is pressurized with air and is thus transported in the charging line. In a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment, this air can be admixed with an additive, for which purpose a further ejector is provided in the air line and is connected to at least one storage container.

In order to avoid feedback from the charging line in the direction of the mixing container, a check valve is provided in the charging line. In this way, the explosive mixture can be transported in the direction of the blast and borehole with extreme high pressure.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description, in which an embodiment of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the drawing. The features shown in the drawing and mentioned in the claims and the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination.

In the drawing, which shows the circuit principle of the invention, 1 denotes a mixing container which contains an explosive mixture 2. This mixing container 1 has a cap 3, into which an air line 4 opens. In this air line 4 there is a shut-off valve 5, via which the connection to an ejector 6 can be interrupted. This ejector 6 is connected to a compressor 8 via a further shut-off valve 7. With this compressor 8, when the shut-off valve 7 is open, the ejector 6 is driven so that it sucks air out of the interior of the mixing container 1 via the air line 4. The upper region of the mixing container 1, in particular the interior of the cap 3, and the interior of the container 1 are also connected to the compressor 8 via air lines 9 and 10 and via a shut-off valve 12. Since the free end of the pipe socket 9 lies in the explosive mixture 1, it is provided with an air distributor 11. This air distributor 11 (or aerator or aerator) also breaks up the explosive 2.

A pressure regulator 13 is located in the high-pressure line coming from the compressor 8. Thus, with the corresponding switching of the shut-off valves 5 and 12, a negative pressure can be applied to the mixing container 1 either via the line 4 or an excess pressure via the lines 9 and 10. A feed line 43, in which a shut-off valve 14 is provided, leads into the interior of the mixing container 1. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing, four feedings 15, 18, 21 and 25 open into this feed line 43, which are connected to storage containers 17, 20, 23 and 27 via flow regulators 16, 19, 22 and 26. In these storage containers there is z. B. a fluid, especially diesel oil (reservoir 17), a granulate, for. B. ammonium nitrate (storage container 20), an additive (storage container 23) or a finished explosive in the storage container 27. By means of the flow regulators 16, 19, 22 and 26, the amount of the explosive component removed from the individual storage containers can be applied when a negative pressure is applied to the mixing container 1 17, 20, 23 and 27 can be set. In addition, the transport 15, 18, 21 or 25 can also be shut off via this quantity regulator.

An outlet line 24 also opens into the mixing container 1, via which the explosive mixture 2 can be transported out of the mixing container 1 into a connecting line 40. A further shut-off valve 39 is located in this connecting line 40. In addition, a line 32, to which two bypass lines 28 and 30 are connected, opens into the connecting line 40 via a connecting line 34. These bypass lines 28 and 30 branch off from the transports 15 and 21 and are provided with flow regulators 29 and 31. In addition, the line 32 is a shut-off valve 33, which is connected to an ejector 35 via the connecting line 34. A high-pressure line 36, which is connected to an air pressure pump 38 via a shut-off valve 37, flows into this ector 35. The two air pressure pumps 8 and 38 can also be combined into a single one Aggregate.

In the connecting line 40 there is a check valve 44, to which a charging line 41 connects, which opens into a blasting and drilling hole 42.

The device for producing explosives and filling an explosive and borehole 42 works as follows:

The shut-off valves 5, 7 and 14 are opened, whereas the shut-off valves 12, 37 and 39 are closed. Due to the excess pressure provided by the compressor 8, a negative pressure is generated in the ejector 6 and the air is sucked out of the mixing container 1 via the line 4. As a result, a suppressed pressure is applied to the transport lines 15, 18, 21 and 25 via the feed line 43. In the present example, two components from the storage containers 17 and 20 are first to be mixed together. For this purpose, the volume regulators 16 and 19 are set such that the desired mixing ratio is generated. The transport lines 21 and 25 are closed in the direction of the storage containers 23 and 27 via the quantity regulators 22 and 26.

The constituents are sucked out of the storage containers 17 and 20 via the negative pressure generated in the mixing container 1. As soon as the components emerge from the transport lines 15 and 18 and enter the feed line 43, they are mixed with one another. The mixing also takes place when entering the mixing container 1. When the mixing container 1 is filled to the desired extent, the shut-off valves 5, 7 and 14 are closed and the shut-off valves 12, 37 and 39 are opened. The shut-off valve 33 initially remains closed. The pressurized air is out of the air pressure pump 8 via the pressure regulator 13 and the air lines 9 and 10 and the air distributor 11 in the mixing tank 1. In this way, the explosive mixture 2 is loosened and transported into the outlet line 24. As soon as the explosive mixture 2 is in the connecting line 40, the transport via the compressed air supplied with the high-pressure line 36 is supported and the explosive mixture 2 is transported at high pressure into the explosive and borehole 42 via the charging line 41. There the explosive mixture 2, which has further mixed during the transport from the mixing container 1, is packed in the desired density. A defined flow direction in the charging line 41 is created by the check valve 44.

If additional diesel oil or an additive has to be added to the explosive mixture 2, this is done via the line 32, to which a negative pressure is applied via the ejector 35 after the shut-off valve 33 has been opened. The quantity of diesel oil to be added from the storage container 17 and additive from the storage container 23 is regulated via the quantity regulators 29 and 31. Of course, the pressure regulator 22 must be opened beforehand.

With this device according to the invention and the associated method, only non-hazardous explosive components have to be handled, the mixed explosive mixture 2 being introduced immediately into the explosive and borehole 42 immediately after its production. In this way, the security measures can be significantly reduced.

With the device according to the invention, however, how previously finished explosives are introduced into an explosive and borehole 42. However, 2 finished explosives can also be mixed into an explosive mixture. This finished explosive is located in the storage container 27 and, as described above, is suctioned off and fed to the mixing container 1. The finished explosive is transported from this mixing container 1 by means of excess pressure into the charging line 41 and the explosive and borehole 42. As already mentioned, this finished explosive can also be added to the explosive mixture 2 as an additive. This can take place in the mixing container 1 and / or during transport in the connecting line 40.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A method for producing explosives and filling explosive and boreholes (42) with explosives, characterized in that

at least two components of the explosive are transported by means of negative pressure from storage containers (17, 20, 23) into a mixing container (1);

that the at least two components (17, 20, 23) are mixed with one another in the mixing container (1) and possibly already during transport to the mixing container (1);

that after the mixing container (1) has been filled, the at least two components are blown out of the mixing container (1) by means of excess pressure;

that the at least two components after blowing out of the mixing container (1) are transported by means of positive pressure into a charging line (41) and by means of the charging line (41) into the blasting and drilling hole (42), the at least during blowing out and further transport two components are further mixed together.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the negative pressure is generated by means of an ejector (6).

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ejector (6) is driven by a compressor (8).

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that air is sucked out in the upper and optionally also in a central section of the mixing container (1).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that before and / or during the transport of the at least two components into the mixing container (1) is sucked out of this air.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the at least two components have been transported into the mixing container (1), the feed line (43) is flushed by means of excess pressure.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that air is blown into an upper and a middle region of the mixing container (1) during the transport of the at least two components from the mixing container (1).

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further component is mixed in during the transport of the at least two components from the mixing container (1) into the blasting and drilling hole (42).

9. The device in particular for performing the method according to one of the preceding claims with a mixing container (1), the mixing container

(1) opening supply line (43), an outlet from the Mixing container (1), for example a charging line (41), a compressor (8) and a storage container (17), characterized in that at least one further storage container (20) is provided and the storage container (17, 20) for receiving components of the Explosives serve that an ejector (6) connected to the mixing container (1) is provided, with which the components can be transported from the at least two storage containers (17, 20) into the mixing container (1) by means of negative pressure.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the storage container (17, 20) with

Transport lines (15, 18) are provided, which open into the feed line (43).

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the mixing container (1) is connected in its upper region and in a central region to air lines (4, 9, 10).

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that via the air lines (4, 9, 10) of the mixing container (1) can be acted upon with negative pressure or with excess pressure.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the air line (4) to the ejector (6) or the air lines (9 and 10), the air pressure pump (8) can be connected.

14. Device according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that in the charging line (41) a bypass (28, 30) leads to at least one of the storage containers (17, 23).

15. Device according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that an air line (36) connected to the compressor (38) opens into the charging line (41).

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that in the air line (36) a further ejector (35) is provided, which is connected to at least one storage container (17, 23).

17. Device according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that a check valve (44) is provided in the charging line (41).