WO1998011388A1 - Procedes et dispositif de diagnostic pour circuits d'allumage par laser - Google Patents

Procedes et dispositif de diagnostic pour circuits d'allumage par laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998011388A1
WO1998011388A1 PCT/US1997/016138 US9716138W WO9811388A1 WO 1998011388 A1 WO1998011388 A1 WO 1998011388A1 US 9716138 W US9716138 W US 9716138W WO 9811388 A1 WO9811388 A1 WO 9811388A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser energy
detector
optical
combustor
laser
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/016138
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis M. Defreitas
Original Assignee
Unison Industries Limited Partnership
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unison Industries Limited Partnership filed Critical Unison Industries Limited Partnership
Publication of WO1998011388A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998011388A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/11—Details
    • G21B1/23—Optical systems, e.g. for irradiating targets, for heating plasma or for plasma diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
    • F02C7/264—Ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/20—Gas turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to diagnostic techniques for ignition systems. More particularly, the invention relates to diagnostic techniques for ignition systems of the type that use laser energy for igniting fuel in a combustor.
  • diagnostic techniques for conventional electrical discharge ignition systems are known, such techniques have little or no application to ignition systems that use electromagnetic energy, such as high power laser energy, to ignite fuel in a combustor or combustion chamber.
  • known diagnostic techniques for conventional electrical ignition systems do not provide for diagnostic analysis of the ignition event within the combustor.
  • the present invention contemplates, in one embodiment, diagnostic apparatus for diagnosing operation of an ignition system of the type that uses laser energy to ignite a fuel within a combustor, the ignition system including a laser energy source and a first optical delivery system that includes a number of optical elements configured to deliver laser energy from said source into a combustion zone of the combustor; the diagnostics apparatus comprising: a first detector that can be optically coupled to the ignition system for detecting laser energy; and control means responsive to said first detector for diagnosing operation of the ignition system.
  • the present invention also contemplates diagnostic methods, including in one embodiment, a method for diagnosing operation of an ignition system that uses high power laser energy to ignite fuel within a combustor, comprising the steps of: a) producing laser ignition energy using a laser energy source,- b) transmitting the laser ignition energy through an opening into a combustor along an optical path defined by an optical delivery system disposed between said source and said opening; and c) detecting the laser energy in the ignition system and diagnosing operation of the ignition system based on said detection.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram in partial section of a gas turbine engine combustor with the invention incorporated therewith;
  • Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram of a diagnostic system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an optical coupling arrangement shown in section
  • Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of a receiver array suitable for use with the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a table of one example of a spectral analysis that can be performed as part of the diagnostic arrangement of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a typical timing sequence involved in the diagnosis of a laser ignition system
  • Fig. 7 is a functional block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a functional block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a receiver array that can be used with the present invention,-
  • Fig. 9 is a functional software module control diagram for a test firing diagnostic operation suitable for use with the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a functional software flow control diagram for a diagnostic system according to the present invention during laser operation of the ignition system.
  • Fig. 11 is functional software flow control diagram for a diagnostic system according to the present invention during a combustion process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • a laser ignition system 10 is provided for one or more combustors 12 as part of a gas turbine engine, such as may be used on an aircraft or for an industrial turbine to name just two examples.
  • a gas turbine engine such as may be used on an aircraft or for an industrial turbine to name just two examples.
  • the general illustration in the various figures should not be construed in a limiting sense as to the physical location of the various elements .
  • all of the elements could be installed as part of the engine, or alternatively, for example, the laser source and related components could be located elsewhere on the aircraft or system.
  • a few gas turbine engine applications of interest are: jet engines including preburners, afterburners for engines, turbojets, turboprops, turbofans, large gas turbine, medium gas turbines, small gas turbines, marine gas turbines, stationary and mobile industrial gas turbines .
  • Other combustor systems of interest are: residential and industrial furnace applications, can combustors, can annular combustors, annular combustors and dual annular combustors to name a few.
  • the invention is also applicable to reciprocating and rotary engine applications, such as, for example, automotive applications.
  • combustors that have a fixed geometry during a combustion cycle
  • combustors that have a variable geometry during the combustion cycle
  • a reciprocating engine cylinder in an automobile has a volume that changes with the piston stroke.
  • combustor as used herein should be construed in its broadest sense to include any structure that defines or delimits a combustion chamber or region, such as the examples identified above, wherein fuel combustion or a combustion process is initiated, sustained and/or restarted.
  • the invention is especially useful with flow through combustors.
  • Flow through combustors are generally understood as combustors in which the combustion process is continuous and characterized by an uninterrupted flow through velocity which may accelerate or decelerate due to gaseous expansion or contraction but generally is not interrupted by valves, throttle plates or similar devices. Flow through combustors are further characterized by relatively high volume air flow rates through orifices without controllable throttling devices to produce a highly turbulent mixing of air and fuel for combustion.
  • combustion process is meant initiation of combustion by the formation of a plasma which ignites an air/fuel mixture.
  • a plasma is formed by laser energy, such as for example, a plasma caused by infrared laser energy of sufficient fluence to cause breakdown of air in the combustor.
  • the present invention relates to diagnostic techniques for ignition systems of the type that use electromagnetic energy, particularly for example laser energy, to ignite fuel in a combustor.
  • the laser ignition system 10 includes a laser energy source 20 that produces a high power laser energy output that is transmitted via an optic fiber arrangement 22 to an optical igniter 24.
  • the system further includes a diagnostics system 18 that can be incorporated as part of the ignition system 10, or as a separate interface to the ignition system, or further still as part of the engine control system.
  • Laser energy produced by the laser source 20 is emitted by the igniter 24 in the combustor 12. This is illustrated in a simplified manner as a laser energy beam 26 that produces a laser spark/flame kernel 28 within the combustor 12.
  • a fuel nozzle 30 produces an atomized fuel spray 32 (which may, for example, be conical in shape) that mixes with air to produce an air/fuel mixture.
  • Combustion air is provided through a number of air inlet holes or vents (not shown) in the combustor liner 36 and/or the fuel nozzle 30.
  • the combustible air/fuel mixture 32 is ignited typically in a primary zone 34 of the combustor 12, just downstream of the fuel nozzle 30.
  • the laser energy 26 in this case is focussed within an optimum ignition region 33 (which for convenience of illustration and understanding is indicated by a shaded region in Fig. 1) to a very high fluence, for example 10 9 watts/cm 2 -10 13 watts/c ⁇ v 2 depending on fuel type, spray density and so forth.
  • the various exemplary embodiments described and illustrated herein relate to a basic laser ignition system of the type that uses infrared laser energy to ignite an air/fuel mixture in a gas turbine engine, this is for purposes of description and should not be construed in a limiting sense.
  • the present invention can also be used with ignition systems that use multiple wavelength or broadband transmission of electromagnetic energy for igniting fuel, such as is disclosed in the above referenced co-pending United States provisional patent application serial no. 60-020,652.
  • the present invention is also not limited to the exemplary configurations illustrated herein as to the optical igniter 24 and the fuel nozzle (s) .
  • the optical igniter 24 can be separately disposed transverse the fuel spray 32 as illustrated in Fig.
  • An electromagnetic ignition system has operational parameters that are significantly different from a conventional electrical ignition system, such as a spark plug based system. Accordingly, conventional diagnostic techniques that use current and voltage sensing of the spark discharge characteristics will not provide sufficient information about the operational performance of the electromagnetic ignition system. Conventional electrical diagnostic techniques also fail to provide real time and direct diagnostic information about the ignition process within the actual combustor, for example, the intensity and duration of the spark kernel or plasma, and the combustion process after ignition.
  • a laser based ignition system 10 includes a laser module 40, which produces laser energy having selected wavelength and intensity characteristics.
  • the module 40 may produce infrared laser energy or ultraviolet laser energy, or other wavelengths and combinations of various wavelengths.
  • the wavelengths and intensities (power) of the laser energy will be selected based on the specific ignition and combustion requirements for the combustor 12 that the ignition system 10 will be used with.
  • the laser energy can be produced with any number of laser sources that are well known to those skilled in the art, and are set forth in an exemplary manner in the above-referenced disclosures .
  • An optic fiber cable 42 having one or more optic fibers therein, is used to optically couple the laser energy from the laser module 40 to the optical igniter 24 disposed at or near an opening 44 in the inner combustor liner 36.
  • the opening 44 may be, for example, a spark plug opening wherein the spark plug assembly has been removed.
  • Another alternative would be to position the optical igniter 24 using a line-of-sight alignment with one of the air vent openings in the combustor.
  • Other alternatives will be apparent to those skilled in the art, with the positioning of the optical igniter 24 being selected so as to emit the laser energy from the module 40 into the combustor 12 at the desired and preferably optimum location for ignition.
  • the optical igniter 24 includes an optical window 46, which in this case is realized in the form of a lens that is used to focus the laser energy from the optic fiber cable 42 into the combustor 12, as represented by the arrow 47.
  • the output end 42b of the fiber cable 42 can be held in place with the lens 46 by a suitable ferrule, housing or other high power optical connector 48.
  • the lens 46 focusses the laser energy to a focal point at a desired location in the combustion chamber with a sufficiently high fluence as described hereinabove.
  • a laser induced breakdown or laser spark 28 is created in the combustion chamber and used to ignite the combustible mixture therein. Additional details of the laser induced ignition event is described in the above-referenced disclosures.
  • the input end 42a of the optic fiber cable 42 is optically coupled to the laser module 40.
  • a lens arrangement 50 (which may include one or more optical elements) is used to focus the laser energy produced by the module 40 into an optic fiber cable assembly 42.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates one embodiment of a suitable optical coupling 52 between the lens arrangement 50 and the optic fiber cable 42.
  • the coupling 52 is a high power coupling commonly referred to as an SMA coupling (such as, for example, SMA 905 connector available from 3M Company) .
  • the coupling 52 includes a male body 53 having a first threaded end 54 mounted to a wall 56 or other support structure of the laser module 40.
  • the male body has a second threaded end 58, and a suitable locking device 60 such as a female hex nut which is tightened onto the male end 58'.
  • the locking device 60 engages and secures an integral ferrule 62 that extends within the body 53 and into the laser module 40.
  • the optic fiber 42 is disposed in the ferrule 62 and can be secured therein by any convenient technique, such as for example an adhesive epoxy.
  • the input end 42a of the fiber optic cable 42 is disposed near or adjacent to a suitable optical window 64, such as sapphire, that also hermetically seals the body 53.
  • a second window 65 may be used to seal the end of the ferrule 62 if required.
  • the lens 50 is supported within the laser module 40 by any suitable mounting arrangement (not shown) so that the laser energy 66 is focussed to the input end 42a of the fiber cable 42.
  • the laser module 40 is powered by a suitable power supply and switch arrangement 68.
  • system power 70 such as can be directly received from the engine alternator is input to a rectifier and filter circuit 72.
  • the output of the rectifier circuit 72 is input to a DC to DC converter 74 which maintains a regulated DC supply for energizing the laser module 40.
  • the output of the converter 74 is one or more DC supplies depending on the particular power requirements for the laser module 40.
  • the converter 74 may include an energy storage device such as a capacitor that will be discharged to power a flashlamp for the laser source.
  • the output from the converter 74 may be a DC voltage that drives a laser diode array for producing laser energy.
  • the present invention is not limited to any particular power source or laser generator.
  • a laser switch module 76 is used to control when electrical power is delivered to the laser generator in the laser module 40.
  • the switch may be, for example, a solid state switch arrangement or other suitable switching device.
  • the switch 76 is controlled by a main diagnostics processor 78, but can also be controlled, or separately controlled, by the engine ignition control system (not shown) .
  • the diagnostics system 18 includes a diagnostics processor 78 that can be 'realized in the form of a microprocessor, programmable logic array, discrete logic, analog logic, digital signal processor and so on to name just a few examples.
  • the processor 78 monitors various operating parameters of the laser ignition system 10, can control ignition timing (either independently or in conjunction with the engine control system) if so desired, and also performs various diagnostic tests as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter. Control of the ignition timing can be effected, for example, by an appropriate FIRE control signal 77 to the switch 76 and an ENABLE control signal 73 to the converter 74 to control delivery of energy to the switch 76.
  • the diagnostics processor 78 receives inputs from various monitoring points through a multiplexer and digitizer (MUX) circuit 80.
  • the MUX 80 includes circuits that can be conventional in design for converting various analog signals to digital format suitable for processing by the diagnostics controller 78.
  • a sense circuit 82 is used to monitor the output voltage and current from the converter 74 to verify that power is being produced to energize the laser source within the laser module 40. These signals can also be used by the controller 78 to regulate the converter output.
  • a second sense circuit 84 is used to monitor the voltage and current characteristics of the laser module 40, which information can be used to diagnose problems with the laser source, thereby providing diagnostic information as to whether the laser source is operating within prescribed limits.
  • the current discharge pulse can also be used as a timing control to determine, for example, that the laser source flashlamp fired at the correct time.
  • the analog signals from the sense circuits 82, 84 are digitized and input to the controller 78 via the MUX circuit 80.
  • the actual hardware implementation of the MUX circuit will be determined by the type of controller 78 used with the present invention as well as the required signal processing for various signals received from the diagnostic elements.
  • a watchdog timer circuit 86 can be used by the engine control system to verify that the diagnostics system is functioning properly.
  • a non-volatile memory circuit 88 is used to store software instructions and data parameters used by the diagnostics processor 78 to diagnose failure conditions in the ignition system 10.
  • the diagnostics arrangement of the present invention detects specific failures, and also identifies possible future failure events by identifying deteriorating system performance characteristics, and retains this information in the nonvolatile memory 88 for later use as needed.
  • the diagnostics system 18 includes detectors or sensors for monitoring various points along the optical path of the laser energy from the laser module 40 to the combustor 12.
  • optical path is simply meant the various components that transmit or direct the laser energy from its source within the laser module 40 to the combustor 12.
  • the optical path includes, for example, the laser module lens 50, the optic fiber cable 42, and the various components in the optical igniter 24.
  • the diagnostics system 18 uses a second optic fiber cable 90 to detect electromagnetic energy at the optical igniter 24.
  • the second optic fiber cable 90 can be terminated within the igniter housing 48 in a similar manner to the first optic fiber cable 42, and disposed so as to receive a portion of laser energy reflected from a surface of the igniter lens or window 46, as represented by the directional arrow 92.
  • the second optic fiber cable 90 can also be used to receive electromagnetic energy produced by both the plasma or laser spark 28 created by the laser energy for igniting the fuel, as well as electromagnetic energy emitted by the combustion process, as represented by the directional arrows 94.
  • the second optic fiber cable 90 optically couples electromagnetic energy from the optical igniter 24 to a receiver array circuit 96.
  • the receiver array 96 includes a number of detector circuits that respond to wavelength and intensity characteristics of incident electromagnetic energy.
  • a conventional photo detector such as a photo diode or photo transistor, can be used to produce a signal that corresponds to the intensity of incident electromagnetic energy that has a wavelength or wavelengths within the spectral response of the photo detector.
  • a diagnostic analysis of the electromagnetic energy associated with operation of the laser ignition system can be performed.
  • the receiver array 96 includes one or more detector circuits 100.
  • each of the detectors 100.. is realized in the form of a conventional photo detector each of which exhibits a selected wavelength response characteristic to incident electromagnetic energy thereon.
  • a signal conditioning circuit 102 x respectively that can be, for example, a conventional amplifier and filter if so desired.
  • the outputs 103i of the conditioning circuits 102 1 are connected to the MUX circuit 80, which includes a multiplexer switching circuit 104 and an analog to digital converter (A/D) 106.
  • the output 108 of the A/D converter 106 is input to the diagnostic controller 78.
  • the controller 78 issues appropriate address and gate signals 107 for controlling the switching circuit 104, as well as timing control signals 109 to the A/D converter circuit 106.
  • the processor 78 receives a number of input signals that represent the electromagnetic energy detected at selectable locations along the optical path of the laser energy.
  • the controller 78 is programmed to interpret the intensity levels of the various photo detector output signals in relation to the associated incident wavelengths to diagnose various operational characteristics of the ignition system 10.
  • one or more of the signal conditioning circuits 102 x can include a threshold detector circuit (see Figs. 7 and 8 for example) for producing an output that indicates whether' electromagnetic energy within the spectral response of the associated detector 100- ⁇ exceeded a selected threshold intensity.
  • the receiver array 96 also includes signal conditioning circuits for the outputs of the converter 74 sense circuit 82 and the laser module 40 sense circuit 84.
  • the converter sense circuit includes a voltage sensor 110 and a current sensor 112 and the laser module sense circuit includes a voltage sensor 114 and a current sensor 116.
  • the outputs of these various circuits are input to respective signal conditioning circuits 118, 120, 122 and 124, the outputs of which are input to the A/D converter 106 via the multiplexer 104.
  • the diagnostic system 18 can be implemented to monitor various points along the optical path of the laser energy to verify proper operation of the ignition system.
  • the second optic fiber cable 90 receives electromagnetic energy that is reflected from the surface of the igniter lens 46.
  • One or several of the detectors 100 1 in the receiver array 96 can be configured to be responsive to the fundamental wavelength ⁇ 0 of the laser energy produced by the laser module 40.
  • One such photo detector 100 detects the intensity at this wavelength reflected by the igniter lens 46. If sufficient intensity is detected at this point, then the diagnostic processor 78 can diagnose that the laser module 40 and all the optical components in the optical path up to the lens 46 are functioning.
  • Another of the detectors lOO j in the receiver array 96 can be used to detect the intensity of electromagnetic energy that is received by the second optic fiber cable 90 from within the combustor 12, using a selected wavelength response of the detector so as to determine if a spark or flame kernel was produced. Still another of the detectors 100- ⁇ can be used to analyze the electromagnetic energy produced by the combustion process. For example, one of the detectors in the array 96 can be used to verify that ignition actually occurred. In some cases, a plurality of the detectors 100. . may be used to monitor the spectral content and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation across a corresponding plurality of selected wavelengths, since different combustion effects exhibit different wavelength emissions . It will be noted that in Fig.
  • the optic fiber cable 90 is illustrated as having a number of optic fibers as at 126, each of which couples a portion of the electromagnetic energy received at the optical igniter 24. Each fiber or number of fibers can be terminated at a respective photo detector 100, . in the receiver array 96.
  • Other coupling schemes however are available and will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the cable 90 could simply terminate at the receiver array 96 and a lens system or optical splitter used to direct the electromagnetic energy to the various detectors lOO j .
  • An important aspect of the optical coupling is that electromagnetic energy received at the optical igniter 24, both input laser energy reflected from the lens 46 and electromagnetic energy from the combustion chamber, is coupled to a series of detectors in the array 96 for diagnostic analysis by the diagnostic processor 78.
  • Detecting the laser energy reflected from the igniter lens 46 provides a first order verification that the optical components in the laser ignition system 10 are functioning properly. However, if insufficient reflected laser energy is detected at the optical igniter 24, this data alone does not isolate the failure. As illustrated in Fig. 2, additional detection points can be used as desired for monitoring the operation of the laser ignition system. For example, an optic fiber 128 can be used to detect laser energy reflected at the lens 50 at the output of the laser module 40. This reflected energy can be analyzed using one of the detectors 100 1 in the receiver array 96 to verify that the laser module 40 is producing laser energy with sufficient power to ignite the fuel in the combustor 12.
  • the diagnostic processor 78 can also determine if the laser generator in the laser module 40 is deteriorating over time by comparing the output intensity of the laser generator with selectable stored historic data retained in the non-volatile memory 88, for example. Furthermore, if the laser energy detected at the lens 50 is within selected acceptable limits, but the reflected laser energy detected at the lens 46 at the optical igniter 24 is low or missing, then the diagnostic processor can determine that there is a problem in the optical path elements, such as the optic fiber cable 42. By placing optic fiber pickups on either side of the lens 50 (not shown) , the integrity of the lens can be determined. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other points of interest along the optical path of the laser energy can be monitored, with the tradeoffs being the cost and complexity of added detectors and control software for the diagnostic system 18.
  • a discrete photo detector could simply be disposed within the laser module 40 in close proximity to the lens 50 to sense the reflected laser energy. The output of this photo detector could then be coupled to a signal conditioning circuit in the receiver array 96 for further analysis by the diagnostic processor 78.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates one example of a spectral analysis that can be performed using the diagnostic system 18 of the present invention.
  • a detector 100- ⁇ is used to detect electromagnetic energy at the source wavelength ⁇ 0 reflected from the lens 50 in the laser module. This provides information that can be used to diagnose whether the laser module 40 is producing sufficient laser power for ignition.
  • Another detector 100 2 also is used to detect the source wavelength ⁇ 0 , for electromagnetic energy reflected from the igniter lens 46. This provides information for diagnosing whether the laser energy produced by the laser module 40 is reaching the laser igniter 24.
  • a third detector 100 3 is used to detect electromagnetic energy in the spectrum of .4-1.0 ⁇ M. This information can be used to diagnose whether a spark discharge occurred in the combustor (in the embodiment that uses infrared energy, for example, to create a laser spark for igniting the fuel) .
  • the spectral analysis for the selected wavelengths can include analog intensity (e.g. amplitude) analysis, threshold intensity analysis, energy content analysis, pulse duration and pulse repetition rate analysis by appropriate selection and use of various conventional detector designs, to name a few examples of the diagnostic information available from application of the present invention.
  • Analysis of the electromagnetic energy received from the second optic fiber cable 90 in the embodiment of Fig. 2 can be based also on a time domain analysis.
  • the diagnostics processor 78 causes the laser switch 76 to close, thus energizing the laser source within the laser module 40. This produces a laser output pulse that is detected by the optic fiber 128 based on laser energy that is reflected from the laser module lens 50.
  • the corresponding photo detector 100- . or 100 2 and related signal processing circuits produce a signal 130 that corresponds to the laser energy pulse.
  • the laser output pulse, and the corresponding pulse 130 may be on the order of 5-100 nanosec, for example.
  • This laser pulse should cause a spark discharge within the combustor at time t l t which spark produces electromagnetic energy that is detected by detector 100 3 which receives electromagnetic energy from the second optic fiber cable 90.
  • the detector 100 3 produces a signal 132 that corresponds to the duration of the laser spark.
  • the laser spark plasma may last for a time period on the order of 50 nanosec to 1 microsecond.
  • the detector 100 3 output 132 can be used to verify a spark of sufficient intensity and duration was produced to cause ignition.
  • ignition should occur, which event can be verified by the output 134 of one or more of the detectors 100 4 . 9 .
  • the various outputs from the detectors 100i can thus be used to diagnose various aspects of the laser ignition system including laser pulse duration, intensity, plasma formation and intensity and combustion effects, to name a few examples.
  • the diagnostic processor 78 can receive intensity information from the photo detectors lOO j in analog equivalent form (such as the output from the A/D converter) or can receive threshold detector signals that indicate whether a minimum threshold intensity was d etected, or both if so desired depending on how much data is to be acquired and processed for diagnosing the operation of the ignition system 10, the diagnostics system 18, the combustion process, or some or all of the above combinations. The timing of these events will determine the signal processing utilized, and will determine if direct memory access (DMA) channels are required for direct data storage to memory.
  • DMA direct memory access
  • the diagnostics system 18 includes the use of a test device 140, such as a light emitting diode, or low power red laser diode such as are used for laser surveying, targeting and pointing devices, for example.
  • This test device 140 may be part of the laser module 40, for example, or can be separately provided within the diagnostic system 18.
  • the test device 140 produces electromagnetic energy that is optically coupled into the same optic path used for the laser energy from the laser module 40.
  • the test device 140 emits safe low level electromagnetic energy into the optical path such as at the lens 50, and transmits this low level energy throughout the optical path.
  • the diagnostic processor 78 can then use the same photo detectors 100 t , or additional photo detectors (not shown) , in the receiver array 96 to diagnose the optical continuity of the laser ignition system 10 before the more dangerous high power laser energy is emitted.
  • a separate receiver array (not shown) and MUX circuit could be used during the test device operation if so needed.
  • the electromagnetic energy emitted from the test device 140 can be detected at the various points in the ignition system as the laser energy, with the exception that the test device 140 will not cause the production of a plasma 28 or combustion in the combustion chamber 12. In all other respects, however, the test device 140 can be used to verify the integrity and optical continuity of the various elements along the optical path of the laser energy. This operation allows a logic circuit (such as the controller 78) to prevent firing the high power laser source if the optic cable 42 or other element along the optic path of the laser energy is not properly installed.
  • a logic circuit such as the controller 78
  • the test device and associated diagnostics also inherently includes the ability for the diagnostics processor to verify proper operation of the diagnostics system in the manner of a self- test .
  • the diagnostics processor 78 can be used to produce output signals 78a to various output devices, such as, for example, computers, video displays, memory devices, LCD and LED displays, tapes, CRTs, engine control systems or aircraft maintenance computers and so on to alert personnel of the diagnostic results, particularly failures or significant changes in system performance.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the present invention that utilizes a single optic fiber cable coupling between the optical igniter 24 and the laser module 40. To the extent that similar components are used as previously described with respect to the embodiment of Fig. 2, the same reference numerals are used and the description is not repeated except for clarification.
  • the laser module 40 is modified to include additional optical elements.
  • the output laser energy 142 from the laser source 144 is focussed using a lens system 146 and directed towards the output lens 50.
  • the laser energy is focussed by the output lens 50 into the optic fiber cable 42 as previously described hereinbefore.
  • a hermetic window 64 can be used, and the window 64 and optic fiber cable 42 can be disposed at an output end of the laser module using a high power optical connector and ferrule (not shown in Fig. 7) such as described with reference to Fig. 3 herein.
  • the laser energy 150 from the lens system 146 is directed through a partially mirrored window 148 that is transparent at the fundamental wavelength of the laser source.
  • a partially mirrored window is used, those skilled in the art will appreciate alternative embodiments can be used, such as optical splitters or simply an optical window, for example.
  • a portion of the source laser energy 150 is reflected by the window 148 as at 152 into an optic fiber or bundle of fibers 154 which couples the laser energy to a photo detector 100 a in the receiver array 96.
  • the photo detector 100 a output signal is then coupled to a signal conditioning circuit 102 a as previously described herein, and may further be input to a threshold detector 156 a .
  • the output of the threshold detector 156 a is then input directly to the diagnostic processor 78, or alternatively can be sent to the MUX circuit 80 for analysis by the diagnostic processor 78.
  • the same optic fiber cable 42 receives, from the optical igniter 24, reflected laser energy from the igniter lens 46, electromagnetic energy produced by the plasma discharge 28, and electromagnetic energy from the combustion process.
  • This return electromagnetic energy passes back from the fiber cable 42, through the window 64 and lens 50 to the window 148 (this is represented in Fig. 7 by the double headed directional arrows 159) and is partially or fully reflected into another optic fiber or bundle 158.
  • This output fiber 158 couples the received electromagnetic energy to another photo detector 100 b , or array of photo detectors, in the receiver array 96, with associated signal processing circuits 102 b and threshold detector circuits 156 b as desired.
  • a single optic fiber bundle 42 provides the optical connection between the laser module 40 and the optical igniter 24, as well as transmitting the return electromagnetic energy used for diagnostic analysis.
  • a test device 140 can be provided and optically coupled to the lens system 146 to permit diagnostic verification of the optical continuity as described hereinabove before the high power laser energy is transmitted through the ignition system 10.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the receiver array 96, particularly useful with the embodiment of Fig. 7.
  • the photo detector 100 b for the return electromagnetic energy is a broadband detector that produces an output response across a wide wavelength band.
  • the photo detector 100 b output is then input to a selectable number of narrowband wavelength detectors l ⁇ Oi-160,,. These detectors can perform a spectral analysis of the return electromagnetic energy as previously described herein, with outputs sent to the respective threshold detectors 156 and the MUX circuit 80 for further processing by the diagnostic processor 78.
  • the laser source photo detector 100 a can also exhibit a broadband spectral response with its output coupled to a narrowband detector 160 a that is sensitive primarily at the wavelength ⁇ 0 .
  • a counter/latch 162 can be used to record the occurrence and/or duration of the output laser energy 150.
  • additional detectors lOOi and optic fiber pickups can be disposed throughout the optical path in Fig. 7 (on each side of the various lenses, for example, and the window 64) if added diagnostic failure isolation is desired.
  • various detectors (or optic fiber pick up points) D ⁇ are illustrated in Fig. 7 (in Fig.
  • the represented positions of the detectors O l . n in Fig. 7 are not intended to be precise, but rather to show general locations that can be used to diagnose problems along the optical path of the laser ignition system, and with the laser source 144.
  • an exemplary high level software module control diagram suitable for use with the diagnostics processor 78 is provided.
  • an executive command module referenced as "EXEC" in the drawings
  • EXEC executive command module
  • a sequence that ends at EXEC indicates that control is passed back to the executive command for further operations as programmed.
  • the executive accesses or activates the diagnostics system 18.
  • the diagnostics processor 78 performs various internal tests of the processor 78.
  • a processor failure occurs as indicated by data at 204, the failure is logged at 206, the failure is communicated to the outside world in the desired format at 208 and the system goes into an idle mode at 210, not permitting and ignition sequence having failed to even perform a diagnostic test.
  • the Log Failure block 206 can be realized in a straightforward manner by electronically recording in a memory device the failure occurrence for later access.
  • the Communication block 208 can be used to transmit controller 78 outputs to any number of devices as noted hereinabove.
  • the system performs diagnostic tests on the processor I/O circuits at block 212 such as the watchdog timer circuit 86, the A/D converter and multiplexer circuits 80, and the power supply 68.
  • Another useful diagnostic test would be a test of the laser switch 76 and related timing circuits to verify proper operation before system power 70 is applied.
  • a failure 214 at the I/O block 212 is processed in a manner similar to a failure at the internal test block 202. If the I/O test is successful, the system conducts a test firing and data acquisition sequence block 216. This block implements use of the test device 140 to transmit low power electromagnetic energy through the optical path of the laser ignition system 10, with selectable diagnostic signals produced by the diagnostics system 18.
  • the high power laser module 40 can be test fired (before fuel flows into the combustor) .
  • the diagnostics processor 78 can perform numerous tests based on the acquired data including verifying the pulse duration times for the laser switch circuit 76, optical continuity tests based on detected intensities at the various selected test points based on data analysis at block 220 as described hereinbefore, electrical continuity of the optical connectors if included in the diagnostics system, and so on.
  • a failure at 218 of the test firing control block is logged, reported and processed so as to force a system idle at 210.
  • Associated data collected during the test firing and analyzed in the data analysis control block 220 can also be logged and reported to facilitate diagnosis of the cause of failure.
  • This diagnostic test firing serves as a safety interlock and thereby prevents application of high power laser energy when the diagnostics system indicates optical failure or other system problems. If so desired, the executive can be assigned override authority if there is a basis for believing that the diagnostic system is not malfunctioning. A pass of the test firing sequence passes control back to the executive at 222.
  • an exemplary software control module for the diagnostic system 18 is provided such as can be used during actual laser operation of the ignition system 10.
  • the laser module 40 is activated, and at block 302 the system checks the preset fire mode, which can be, for example, a test mode (no fire) , an auto fire mode, a fire on demand mode, as well as selectable shutdown modes such as auto shutdown with a single no lightoff and auto shutdown after a selected number of attempts without lightoff.
  • the fire command is issued at block 304, the laser module 40 emits laser energy along the optical path through to the combustion chamber, and the diagnostics processor 78 collects data (referred to as data acquisition) from the various detectors and sense circuits used in the diagnostics system 18.
  • This data can be analyzed at various points during operation when failures are detected to further isolate the cause of the failure.
  • the system checks if a spark plasma occurred. If not, the data analysis at block 308 may indicate that there is a failure in the optical path such as the cable 42 (by noting that laser energy was detected at the lens 50 but not at the lens 46 for example) . As another example, failure to detect a plasma may have resulted from failure to produce laser energy from the source 40 (as detected by one of the detectors 100 a , for example) .
  • the failure is logged and communicated at blocks 310 and 312 in a manner similar to the description herein of Fig. 9, and the system idled at block 314.
  • an alternative embodiment could allow the system to retry firing the laser as at block 315 to get a spark depending on what the data analysis shows. For example, if the data analysis indicates optical continuity, then it may be that the laser energy simply failed that one time to produce a plasma, and a second or subsequent attempts can be made. Another example is that the plasma may have occurred but lightoff did not occur due to a one time timing error, or the fuel delivery was improper (failure due to non-ignition system components for example) .
  • the diagnostic processor 78 can be programmed to identify non- critical failures that do not necessitate an ignition system shutdown, but rather permit succeeding attempts to initiate combustion. Thus the diagnostic system 18 may prevent unnecessary or false shutdowns when non-critical or intermittent failures occur that prevented ignition.
  • the system checks if combustion (i.e. light off) occurred. If yes, the data can be stored at block 318 for future reference or for performing historical trend analysis, for example. The successful firing can be communicated at block 320 to an appropriate output device and control returned to the executive at 322.
  • a "no light off" counter can be incremented at block 324, and at block 326 the system decides how to proceed based on the selected fire mode.
  • the system communicates the no lightoff occurrence and flags the data at block 328, and then returns to block 300 to fire the laser again.
  • fire on demand mode as at 330, control is returned to the executive through block 320.
  • auto shutdown mode the system checks at block 332 if the selected number of attempts has been performed and, if so, idles the system at block 334. Otherwise, control is returned to the executive through block 320 to attempt another light off sequence.
  • the diagnostic system 18 can be used to monitor combustion as previously described herein.
  • the control program begins at block 400, wherein it is assumed that light off has been detected in the control flow of Fig. 10.
  • data acquisition is performed for the various detectors used in the diagnostic system 18, particularly the detectors 100i used to analyze the electromagnetic energy emitted by the combusting fuel in the combustion chamber 12.
  • the data is compared with selected limits. Flame out is detected at 406, for example, when insufficient energy is detected at selected wavelengths.
  • Such a failure is communicated at block 408, and at block 410 the system determines whether the ignition system is programmed for auto relight mode. If yes, this module sets a flame out flag 412 which indicates to the EXEC that a flame out occurred. The EXEC then schedules the laser firing control module 300 for execution. If no, the system is idled at 414, or alternatively can return control to the executive at 416 for on demand ignition mode.
  • the acquired data is stored at block 418 and can be communicated as at block 420 with control then returned to the executive at 416.
  • Monitoring the electromagnetic emissions during the combustion process can be implemented using any number of selected criteria. For example, if large amplitude (intensity) fluctuations are detected of the combustion flame brilliance, this may indicate that the combustion process is approaching a lean limit. By detecting wavelength content of the combustion flame, for example, missing wavelengths can be an indication that the fuel type was changed or that there is fuel contamination or an incorrect blend.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the invention thus provides diagnostic techniques that include the capability of diagnosing laser ignition system failures related to the laser energy source and the optical path, ignition system operating trend analysis based on data acquired from the various detectors used in the diagnostic system for monitoring combustion characteristics, and closed loop control of the laser ignition, firing and shutdown operations by monitoring the laser source, plasma characteristics and combustion process characteristics.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un dispositif de diagnostic conçu pour un circuit d'allumage qui fait usage de l'énergie laser pour enflammer un carburant au sein d'une chambre de combustion. Ledit dispositif comporte une source d'énergie laser, un certain nombre d'éléments optiques conçus pour diriger l'énergie laser de ladite source à l'intérieur d'une zone de combustion de la chambre de combustion, un premier détecteur qui produit une sortie correspondant à l'intensité de l'énergie laser émise à l'intérieur de la zone de combustion, et un organe de commande conçu pour établir un diagnostic relatif au fonctionnement du circuit d'allumage sur la base de la sortie du premier détecteur. Ledit système de diagnostic peut également servir à établir un diagnostic relatif à des signaux destinés à analyser le processus de combustion.
PCT/US1997/016138 1996-09-12 1997-09-11 Procedes et dispositif de diagnostic pour circuits d'allumage par laser WO1998011388A1 (fr)

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US08/712,712 1996-09-12

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FR2894620A1 (fr) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-15 Ecet Europ De Conception Et D Systeme d'allumage laser
FR2894619A1 (fr) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-15 Ecet Europ De Conception Et D Systeme d'allumage laser
EP1816398A1 (fr) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-08 Aga Ab Une méthode pour enflammer un brûleur
WO2008000587A1 (fr) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne et procédé pour la faire fonctionner
US7340129B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2008-03-04 Colorado State University Research Foundation Fiber laser coupled optical spark delivery system
US7412129B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2008-08-12 Colorado State University Research Foundation Fiber coupled optical spark delivery system
EP2028421A1 (fr) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surveillance de la présence d'une flamme et de la température de la flamme
WO2009037057A1 (fr) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'allumage destiné en particulier à un moteur à combustion interne et son procédé de réalisation
WO2009033930A3 (fr) * 2007-09-10 2009-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif d'allumage
DE102008028208A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammervorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
DE102009004059A1 (de) * 2009-01-08 2010-07-29 Giese, Erhard, Dr. Glühkerze
WO2011080025A1 (fr) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'allumage par laser pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102010044845B3 (de) * 2010-09-04 2011-12-15 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer HF-Zündanlage
WO2012065765A1 (fr) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système d'allumage et procédé pour le faire fonctionner
EP2458177A1 (fr) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-30 General Electric Company Systèmes d'allumage au laser avancés pour turbines à gaz incluant des moteurs d'avion
WO2012103112A2 (fr) * 2011-01-24 2012-08-02 Goji Ltd. Application d'énergie électromagnétique pour moteurs à combustion interne
WO2012152470A1 (fr) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé et appareil de commande pour faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne
WO2013007438A1 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner une bougie d'allumage laser
US9062648B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2015-06-23 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Method for operating a HF ignition system
US9609732B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-03-28 Energetiq Technology, Inc. Laser-driven light source for generating light from a plasma in an pressurized chamber
RU2648993C2 (ru) * 2012-11-15 2018-03-29 ФОРД ГЛОУБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи Лазерное зажигание и контроль пропусков зажигания
RU2668081C2 (ru) * 2014-01-10 2018-09-26 ФОРД ГЛОУБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи Диагностика, основанная на лазерной системе зажигания
US10118608B1 (en) 2017-10-25 2018-11-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for engine laser ignition system
JPWO2018025294A1 (ja) * 2016-08-05 2019-03-14 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 ガスタービン燃焼器
DE102007033809B4 (de) 2006-08-22 2019-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Laserzündanlage
CN111141181A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-05-12 南京理工大学 一种多路多功能半导体激光点火系统及点火方法
CN113531582A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-22 东南大学 可调节气氛的多模式金属燃料颗粒点火燃烧装置
CN114837856A (zh) * 2022-05-22 2022-08-02 浙江大学 一种测量固体含能燃料点火能的方法
US12014918B2 (en) 2021-05-24 2024-06-18 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Laser-driven light source with electrodeless ignition

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US7340129B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2008-03-04 Colorado State University Research Foundation Fiber laser coupled optical spark delivery system
US7412129B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2008-08-12 Colorado State University Research Foundation Fiber coupled optical spark delivery system
US7420662B2 (en) * 2004-08-04 2008-09-02 Colorado State University Research Foundation Optical diagnostics integrated with laser spark delivery system
FR2894620A1 (fr) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-15 Ecet Europ De Conception Et D Systeme d'allumage laser
FR2894619A1 (fr) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-15 Ecet Europ De Conception Et D Systeme d'allumage laser
EP1798397A1 (fr) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-20 Vibro Meter France Système d'allumage laser
EP1816398A1 (fr) * 2006-02-02 2007-08-08 Aga Ab Une méthode pour enflammer un brûleur
US9609732B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2017-03-28 Energetiq Technology, Inc. Laser-driven light source for generating light from a plasma in an pressurized chamber
JP2009541650A (ja) * 2006-06-29 2009-11-26 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 内燃機関のための点火プラグおよび該点火プラグの動作方法
WO2008000587A1 (fr) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bougie d'allumage pour un moteur à combustion interne et procédé pour la faire fonctionner
US8146553B2 (en) 2006-06-29 2012-04-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Spark plug for an internal combustion engine and method for the operation thereof
DE102007033809B4 (de) 2006-08-22 2019-04-18 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Laserzündanlage
EP2028421A1 (fr) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surveillance de la présence d'une flamme et de la température de la flamme
US7765856B2 (en) 2007-08-21 2010-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Monitoring of a flame existence and a flame temperature
WO2009033930A3 (fr) * 2007-09-10 2009-06-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif d'allumage
US8712197B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2014-04-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ignition device in particular for an internal combustion engine, and method for manufacturing same
WO2009037057A1 (fr) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'allumage destiné en particulier à un moteur à combustion interne et son procédé de réalisation
DE102008028208A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammervorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
DE202009018138U1 (de) 2008-06-09 2011-02-17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammervorrichtung
WO2009150069A3 (fr) * 2008-06-09 2011-01-06 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Système de chambre(s) de combustion et procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de chambre(s) de combustion
DE102008028208B4 (de) * 2008-06-09 2012-03-22 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Brennkammervorrichtung und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
WO2009150069A2 (fr) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-17 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Système de chambre(s) de combustion et procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de chambre(s) de combustion
DE102009004059B4 (de) * 2009-01-08 2010-09-30 Giese, Erhard, Dr. Glühkerze
DE102009004059A1 (de) * 2009-01-08 2010-07-29 Giese, Erhard, Dr. Glühkerze
WO2011080025A1 (fr) * 2009-12-28 2011-07-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif d'allumage par laser pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102010044845B3 (de) * 2010-09-04 2011-12-15 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben einer HF-Zündanlage
WO2012065765A1 (fr) * 2010-11-15 2012-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Système d'allumage et procédé pour le faire fonctionner
EP2458177A1 (fr) * 2010-11-30 2012-05-30 General Electric Company Systèmes d'allumage au laser avancés pour turbines à gaz incluant des moteurs d'avion
US8689536B2 (en) 2010-11-30 2014-04-08 General Electric Company Advanced laser ignition systems for gas turbines including aircraft engines
WO2012103112A3 (fr) * 2011-01-24 2012-12-20 Goji Ltd. Application d'énergie électromagnétique pour moteurs à combustion interne
WO2012103112A2 (fr) * 2011-01-24 2012-08-02 Goji Ltd. Application d'énergie électromagnétique pour moteurs à combustion interne
CN103384755A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2013-11-06 高知有限公司 用于燃烧发动机的em能量施加
WO2012152470A1 (fr) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé et appareil de commande pour faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne
WO2013007438A1 (fr) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé et dispositif pour faire fonctionner une bougie d'allumage laser
US9062648B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2015-06-23 Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh Method for operating a HF ignition system
RU2648993C2 (ru) * 2012-11-15 2018-03-29 ФОРД ГЛОУБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи Лазерное зажигание и контроль пропусков зажигания
RU2668081C2 (ru) * 2014-01-10 2018-09-26 ФОРД ГЛОУБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи Диагностика, основанная на лазерной системе зажигания
JPWO2018025294A1 (ja) * 2016-08-05 2019-03-14 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 ガスタービン燃焼器
US10118608B1 (en) 2017-10-25 2018-11-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Method for engine laser ignition system
CN111141181A (zh) * 2019-12-10 2020-05-12 南京理工大学 一种多路多功能半导体激光点火系统及点火方法
CN111141181B (zh) * 2019-12-10 2022-04-19 南京理工大学 一种多路多功能半导体激光点火系统及点火方法
US12014918B2 (en) 2021-05-24 2024-06-18 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Laser-driven light source with electrodeless ignition
CN113531582A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-10-22 东南大学 可调节气氛的多模式金属燃料颗粒点火燃烧装置
CN114837856A (zh) * 2022-05-22 2022-08-02 浙江大学 一种测量固体含能燃料点火能的方法
CN114837856B (zh) * 2022-05-22 2023-11-24 浙江大学 一种测量固体含能燃料点火能的方法

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