WO1998003396A1 - Method for making sails or sailcloth with preformed assembly members - Google Patents

Method for making sails or sailcloth with preformed assembly members Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998003396A1
WO1998003396A1 PCT/CH1997/000273 CH9700273W WO9803396A1 WO 1998003396 A1 WO1998003396 A1 WO 1998003396A1 CH 9700273 W CH9700273 W CH 9700273W WO 9803396 A1 WO9803396 A1 WO 9803396A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preformed
panels
assembly
elements
manufacturing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1997/000273
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard GAUTIER
Original Assignee
Gautier Gerard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gautier Gerard filed Critical Gautier Gerard
Priority to AU33331/97A priority Critical patent/AU3333197A/en
Publication of WO1998003396A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998003396A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/24—Hems; Seams
    • A41D27/245—Hems; Seams made by welding or gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
    • B63H9/0671—Moulded sails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
    • B63H9/0678—Laminated sails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/62—Stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined

Definitions

  • the principle of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing sails or fabrics with preformed assembly elements, and more particularly to a manufacturing method consisting in assembling panels of sail or canvas with preformed assembly elements , by gluing or sewing.
  • sails are the engine of the sailboat.
  • the design of the sails is therefore decisive on the performance of sailboats.
  • the performance of a sail is determined by many parameters, including for example the quality of the materials used, the most important parameter being the shape of the sail.
  • the sail When the sail is under the action of the wind, therefore in the service position, it has three-dimensional shapes, with a shape, in the direction of travel, which resembles the shape of the upper surface of a wing. airplane, for example.
  • the shape of the sail is very important for performance, it is very important that the sail can maintain its shape when it is subjected to significant forces during strong winds.
  • high performance sails are designed with composite sandwich structures.
  • the sandwich structure is generally obtained by two plastic sheets, mylar for example, and by reinforcing threads, kevlar threads for example, which are placed between the two plastic sheets, the whole being assembled by gluing.
  • the reinforcing threads are arranged according to the forces which are subjected to the sail.
  • a known manufacturing process consists in assembling plastic sheets and reinforcing wires on a mold having the planned shapes of the sail in three dimensions. This process allows the sail to be made from plastic sheets in one piece.
  • This manufacturing process however has two significant drawbacks.
  • the first drawback consists in the fact that this process requires complicated three-dimensional molds which are the size of the sails, therefore very large, and which requires three-dimensional numerically controlled equipment for the installation of the reinforcing wires. .
  • This bulky and very expensive equipment means that the cost price of a sail is very high.
  • the second drawback consists in the fact that the sail is made with plastic elements in one piece. In the event that the sail does not provide the desired performance, it is therefore necessary to manufacture a new sail.
  • Another known method consists in assembling panels of sails comprising reinforcement wires, each reinforcement wire of a panel being in continuity with each wire mounted in the panels which are assembled there.
  • the panels are assembled by gluing or sewing, the shape of the sail being obtained by cutting the panels along curves.
  • This method has drawbacks. Indeed, the assembly with panels cut according to curves has two functions. The first function is to provide the shape of the sail and the second is to ensure the transfer of forces from one panel to another. For sails of small dimensions, conventional assemblies are possible, but when the sails are of larger dimensions, the forces to be transferred become very large which requires assembly connections of the panels of greater width.
  • the object of the present invention therefore consists in remedying the aforementioned drawbacks of the known methods.
  • the method of manufacturing sails or fabrics with preformed connecting elements consists in assembling sail panels comprising a sandwich structure with reinforcing threads or also all kinds of flat panels constituted by conventional fabrics or fabrics, with elements of 'assembly which are preformed into shapes which provide the shape of the sail when inflated.
  • the preformed connecting elements are constituted by a sandwich structure with reinforcing wires, the reinforcing wires of the connecting elements being arranged so as to be in continuity with the corresponding wires installed in the panels to be assembled, or by all kinds woven elements, fabrics or plastic sheets.
  • the assembly elements are preformed on very simple templates constituted by a flat support, a simple board for example, and by a vertical strip which has curved shapes, therefore on very simple templates, inexpensive and easily modifiable.
  • the sail panels are cut with the straight assembly sides as well as the assembly elements, which also has a significant reduction in production times. This process has the essential advantage of allowing the flat assembly of panels and assembly elements, by gluing or sewing. When the sail is inflated, the sail takes its shape by preforming the connecting elements.
  • the flat assembly considerably reduces the costs of the necessary equipment, and consequently the cost of a sail. Another very important advantage is that the connecting elements can be changed.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall view of a sail comprising panels and preformed assembly elements.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of a preformed connecting element assembled with panels.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of a preformed connecting element assembled to panels.
  • Figure 4 is a longitudinal view of a preformed connecting element.
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a preformed connecting element in the assembly position with panels.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of an assembly element in the deployed position flat.
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of the structure of an assembly element.
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of a preforming template.
  • Figure 9 is a longitudinal side view of a preforming jig.
  • a sail 1 is constituted by panels 2, 3, 4 and 5.
  • Each panel has reinforcing wires, for example 9, 10, 11 and 12, which are arranged so that they are in continuity.
  • the panels 2 and 3 are assembled together by a preformed connecting element 6 which includes reinforcing wires, for example the wire 13 which is arranged so that it is in continuity with the wires 9 and 10.
  • the panels 3 and 4 are assembled by the preformed connecting element 7 which comprises reinforcing wires, for example the reinforcing wire 14, and the panels 4 and 5 are assembled by the connecting element 8 which has reinforcing threads, for example the reinforcing thread 15.
  • the reinforcing threads 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15, 12, are arranged in the panels and in the pre-shaped connecting elements so as to what they form is a continuous curved line.
  • the sail has many reinforcing son which are arranged in the elements of the sail according to the forces subjected to the sail.
  • the number of panels, preformed connecting elements and reinforcing wires is variable and depends on the size of the sails, and on several other parameters.
  • the panels and assembly elements are described above with reinforcing wires.
  • the panels and the assembly elements can be made with fabrics or fabrics of all kinds, and therefore also with all kinds of fabrics which are not reinforced with threads.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a portion of a preformed connecting element 6 which is assembled, for example by gluing, to panels 2 and 3.
  • the connecting element comprises reinforcing threads, for example the reinforcement 13, and the panels include reinforcement wires, for example the wires 9 and 10.
  • the preformed assembly element 6 comprises two bonding portions 16 and 17 which are arranged flat to be glued to the ends of the panels 2 and 3, and comprises a preformed portion 18. The ends of the panels 2 and 3 are separated by a space which is equal to the width of the preformed portion 18.
  • the assembly elements do not include reinforcing threads and can be made of the same material as the panels to be assembled.
  • FIG. 4 shows a preformed assembly element 6 which comprises reinforcing wires, for example the wire 13, a bonding portion 16 which is flat, and the preformed portion 18.
  • the preformed portion has a curve shape.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preformed assembly element 6 in the assembly position, with the preformed portion 18 and the bonding portions 16 and 17.
  • the bonding portions can be parallel to one another and also parallel with respect to the edges 19 and 20 of the panels 2 and 3.
  • the bonding portions can also have shapes with widths different, so for example to have the larger bonding portions at the points of the sail where the forces are maximum.
  • FIG. 6 shows a preformed assembly element 6 in the deployed position flat, with the bonding portions 16 and 17 According to the shape of the preforming jig, the preformed portion 18 has a lenticular shape.
  • This form of preforming can vary depending on the shape of the sail to be obtained.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a structure of a preformed connecting element or of a sail panel, which is constituted by two plastic sheets 21 and 22 between which are reinforcement wires, for example wire 23
  • the reinforcing threads are mounted on the first plastic sheet, and then the second plastic sheet is bonded to the assembly formed by the first sheet and by the reinforcing threads.
  • the reinforcing elements consist of reinforcing wires.
  • Other composite structures can be produced with other reinforcing elements, for example with a nonwoven of fiber or graphite or with flakes of glass fiber, graphite fiber or synthetic fiber.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show the preforming template of the preformed assembly elements.
  • the template is constituted by a base plate 24 on which is mounted a vertical strip 25. In the longitudinal direction, the vertical strip has the shape of a curve.
  • the connecting element 6 is mounted on the template. Locking elements 26 and 27 hold the ends of the preformed assembly element so as to constitute the bonding portions 16 and 17 which are flat and the preformed portion 18 which thus has three-dimensional shapes. Preforming can also be carried out hot.
  • the manufacturing process consists in preforming assembly elements so that they have bonding portions which may be parallel and a preformed portion which, when deployed, will have a lenticular shape for example.
  • the sail panels are cut with straight assembly edges.
  • the panels are laid out flat on an assembly table.
  • the preformed assembly elements are arranged and aligned on the ends of the panels to be assembled in the position shown in FIG. 5, that is to say with the parallel bonding portions. In this position, the preformed portion of the assembly elements is not stretched. In this position, the assembly elements and the panels are assembled by gluing or sewing.
  • the preformed portions of the assembly elements are stretched and, depending on their preforming forms, provide the desired shape for the sail.
  • the panels as well as the preformed assembly elements can be made with different materials.
  • the plastic sheets can be made of mylar and the reinforcing wires can be made of kevlar.
  • the materials used for the production of the various elements of the sail are independent of the principle of the invention which consists in assembling sail panels with assembly elements which have a shape determined in three dimensions to obtain the desired shape of the sail. in the inflated position.
  • the materials used for the manufacture of the pre-formed joining elements and the panels to be assembled, as well as the structure of these elements are independent of the principle of the invention, the pre-shaped joining elements being able to be produced in synthetic fabrics, in sheets. plastics, canvas or any other flexible material.
  • Figure 1 shows the preformed assembly elements arranged parallel to the base of the sail. This arrangement is shown by way of example.
  • the panels to be assembled can be cut according to various shapes, in a triangle, a rectangle, a square or a trapezoid, for example.
  • the assembly elements can be mounted at various angles to the base of the sail.
  • the manufacturing process with preformed assembly elements can be used for many applications, that is to say for all sails or fabrics that require a particular shape, for example slope gliders, paragliders, or tents .
  • the number of panels and assembly elements is independent of the principle of the invention, the number of panels can vary depending on the design and size of the sails or fabrics.
  • the width of the preformed assembly elements can vary on the one hand by the width of the bonding portions which is determined as a function of the acting forces, the greater the forces being, the greater the width of the bonding portions, and on the other hand by the width of the preformed portion which can vary according to the three-dimensional shapes provided for the panel-assembly assembly. In all cases, the width of the assembly elements is much smaller than the width of the panels to be assembled.

Abstract

A method for making sails or sailcloth with preformed assembly members, wherein panels (2, 3) are laid flat and assembled with preformed assembly members (6) by means of an adhesive or stitches. Each preformed assembly member comprises two adherable portions (16, 17) and one preformed portion (18). The preformed portion is three-dimensionally preformed on a preforming template. The shape of the preformed portions is designed to define the three-dimensional shape of the assembly of the panels and the assembly members, i.e. the shape of the sail or sailcloth. When assembled lying flat, the edges (19, 20) of the panels are straight, as are the adherable portions (16, 17).

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE VOILES OU DE TOILES AVEC ELEMENTS D'ASSEMBLAGE PREFORMESPROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SAILS OR CANVAS WITH PREFORMED ASSEMBLY ELEMENTS
Le principe de l'invention se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication de voiles ou de toiles avec éléments d'assemblage préformés, et plus particulièrement à un procédé de fabrication consistant à assembler des panneaux de voile ou de toile avec des éléments d'assemblage préformés, par collage ou par couture.The principle of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing sails or fabrics with preformed assembly elements, and more particularly to a manufacturing method consisting in assembling panels of sail or canvas with preformed assembly elements , by gluing or sewing.
Dans le domaine des voiliers de toutes sortes, par exemple, les voiles constituent le moteur du voilier. La conception des voiles est donc déterminante sur les performances des voiliers. La performance d'une voile est déterminée par de nombreux paramètres, dont par exemple la qualité des matières utilisées, le paramètre le plus important étant la forme de la voile. Lorsque la voile est sous l'action du vent, donc en position de service, elle présente des formes à trois dimensions, avec une forme, dans le sens de l'avancement, qui ressemble à la forme de l'extrados d'une aile d'avion, par exemple. En fonction du fait que la forme de la voile présente une très grande importance sur les performances, il est très important que la voile puisse maintenir sa forme lorsqu'elle est soumise à des efforts importants lors de forts vents. En effet si la voile se déforme sous l'action des efforts, cela se traduit par une réduction des petrformances. Il est également important que la voile, qui est soumise à des efforts, ne se déforme pas dans le temps, c'est-à- dire qu'elle ne se déforme pas à la suite de plusieurs utilisations. Afin d'éviter les déformations, les voiles de hautes performances sont conçues avec des structures composites en sandwich. La structure sandwich est généralement obtenue par deux feuilles en plastique, du mylar par exemple, et par des fils de renforcement, des fils de kevlar par exemple, qui sont disposés entre les deux feuilles de plastique, le tout étant assemblé par collage. Les fils de renforcement sont disposés selon les efforts qui sont soumis à la voile.In the field of sailboats of all kinds, for example, sails are the engine of the sailboat. The design of the sails is therefore decisive on the performance of sailboats. The performance of a sail is determined by many parameters, including for example the quality of the materials used, the most important parameter being the shape of the sail. When the sail is under the action of the wind, therefore in the service position, it has three-dimensional shapes, with a shape, in the direction of travel, which resembles the shape of the upper surface of a wing. airplane, for example. Depending on the fact that the shape of the sail is very important for performance, it is very important that the sail can maintain its shape when it is subjected to significant forces during strong winds. Indeed, if the sail deforms under the action of efforts, this results in a reduction in petrformances. It is also important that the sail, which is subjected to stresses, does not deform over time, that is to say that it does not deform after several uses. To avoid deformation, high performance sails are designed with composite sandwich structures. The sandwich structure is generally obtained by two plastic sheets, mylar for example, and by reinforcing threads, kevlar threads for example, which are placed between the two plastic sheets, the whole being assembled by gluing. The reinforcing threads are arranged according to the forces which are subjected to the sail.
Le principe des voiles conçues avec des fils de renforcement est connu notamment par les brevets Cronburg EP 0224729 Al, North Sails EP 0056657 Bl et Conrad EP 0249427 Al. Les procédés de fabrication connus présentent de nombreux inconvénients .The principle of sails designed with reinforcing threads is known in particular from the patents Cronburg EP 0224729 Al, North Sails EP 0056657 Bl and Conrad EP 0249427 Al. The known manufacturing methods have many drawbacks.
Un procédé de fabrication connu consiste à l'assemblage des feuilles de plastiques et des fils de renforcement sur un moule présentant les formes prévues de la voile en trois dimensions. Ce procédé permet de fabriquer la voile avec des feuilles de plastiques d'une seule pièce. Ce procédé de fabrication présente toutefois deux inconvénients importants. Le premier inconvénient consiste dans le fait que ce procédé nécessite des moules compliqués à trois dimensions qui sont à la dimension des voiles, donc de très grande dimension, et qui nécessite des équipements à commandes numériques à trois dimensions pour l'installation des fils de renforcement. Ces équipements volumineux et très coûteux impliquent que le prix de revient d'une voile est très élevé. Le deuxième inconvénient consiste dans le fait que la voile est réalisée avec des éléments plastiques d'une seule pièce. Pour le cas où la voile ne fournit pas les performances souhaitées, il est donc nécessaire de fabriquer une nouvelle voile.A known manufacturing process consists in assembling plastic sheets and reinforcing wires on a mold having the planned shapes of the sail in three dimensions. This process allows the sail to be made from plastic sheets in one piece. This manufacturing process however has two significant drawbacks. The first drawback consists in the fact that this process requires complicated three-dimensional molds which are the size of the sails, therefore very large, and which requires three-dimensional numerically controlled equipment for the installation of the reinforcing wires. . This bulky and very expensive equipment means that the cost price of a sail is very high. The second drawback consists in the fact that the sail is made with plastic elements in one piece. In the event that the sail does not provide the desired performance, it is therefore necessary to manufacture a new sail.
Un autre procédé connu, consiste à assembler des panneaux de voiles comportant des fils de renforcement, chaque fil de renforcement d'un panneau se trouvant en continuité de chaque fil monté dans les panneaux qui y sont assemblés. Avec un tel procédé, les panneaux sont assemblés par collage ou par couture, la forme de la voile étant procurée par des découpes des panneaux selon des courbes. Ce procédé présente des inconvénients. En effet, l'assemblage avec panneaux découpés selon des courbes a deux fonctions. La première fonction est de procurer la forme de la voile et la deuxième est d'assurer le transfert des efforts d'un panneau à l'autre. Pour les voiles de faibles dimensions, des assemblages conventionnels sont possibles, mais lorsque les voiles sont de plus grandes dimensions, les efforts à transférer deviennent très importants ce qui nécessite des connections d'assemblage des panneaux de plus grande largeur. Avec les procédés connus et en fonction des formes des panneaux, l'assemblage des panneaux avec des connections larges présente l'inconvénient de provoquer des plissures qui réduisent les performances de la voile, en plus du fait que ces plissures ne sont pas esthétiques. Les procédés connus sont donc limités à l'assemblage de voiles où de toiles qui ne sont pas soumises à des efforts importants.Another known method consists in assembling panels of sails comprising reinforcement wires, each reinforcement wire of a panel being in continuity with each wire mounted in the panels which are assembled there. With such a method, the panels are assembled by gluing or sewing, the shape of the sail being obtained by cutting the panels along curves. This method has drawbacks. Indeed, the assembly with panels cut according to curves has two functions. The first function is to provide the shape of the sail and the second is to ensure the transfer of forces from one panel to another. For sails of small dimensions, conventional assemblies are possible, but when the sails are of larger dimensions, the forces to be transferred become very large which requires assembly connections of the panels of greater width. With known methods and depending on the shapes of the panels, the assembly of the panels with wide connections has the drawback of causing creases which reduce the performance of the sail, in addition to the fact that these creases do not are not aesthetic. The known methods are therefore limited to the assembly of webs or webs which are not subjected to significant efforts.
Le but de la présente invention consiste donc à remédier aux inconvénients précités des procédés connus.The object of the present invention therefore consists in remedying the aforementioned drawbacks of the known methods.
Les buts sont atteints selon les principes de l'invention tels que décrits dans la revendication 1.The objects are achieved according to the principles of the invention as described in claim 1.
Le procédé de fabrication de voiles ou de toiles avec éléments d'assemblage préformés consiste à assembler des panneaux de voile comportant une structure sandwich avec des fils de renforcement ou également toutes sortes de panneaux plats constitués par des toiles ou tissus conventionnels, avec des éléments d'assemblage qui sont préformé selon des formes qui procurent la forme de la voile lorsqu'elle est gonflée. Les éléments d'assemblage préformés sont constitués par une structure sandwich avec des fils de renforcement, les fils de renforcement des éléments d'assemblage étant disposés de manière à se trouver en continuité des fils correspondants installés dans les panneaux à assembler, ou par toutes sortes d'éléments tissés, de toiles ou de feuilles plastiques. Les éléments d'assemblage sont préformés sur des gabarits très simples constitués par un support plat, une simple planche par exemple, et par une lamelle verticale qui comporte des formes en courbe, donc sur des gabarits très simples, peu coûteux et facilement modifiables. Les panneaux de voile sont découpés avec les côtés d'assemblage droits ainsi que les éléments d'assemblage, ce qui présente aussi une importante réduction des temps de production. Ce procédé présente l'avantage essentiel de permettre l'assemblage à plat des panneaux et des éléments d'assemblage, par collage ou par couture. Lorsque la voile est gonflée, la voile prend sa forme par le préformage des éléments d'assemblage. L'assemblage à plat permet de réduire considérablement les coûts des équipements nécessaires, et en conséquence le coût d'une voile. Un autre avantage très important est constitué par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage peuvent être changés. Pour le cas où une voile ne fournit pas les performances souhaitées, il suffit de remplacer l'un ou l'autre des éléments d'assemblage par un autre élément préformé présentant une autre forme. Les éléments d'assemblage étant de faible dimension par rapport à l'ensemble de la voile ou par rapport aux différents panneaux, et ces éléments d'assemblage étant peu coûteux à fabriquer, les modifications sont peu coûteuses et aussi très rapides ce qui peut permettre de gagner un temps très précieux lors de la mise au point d'une voile ou lorsqu'une voile nécessite des modifications.The method of manufacturing sails or fabrics with preformed connecting elements consists in assembling sail panels comprising a sandwich structure with reinforcing threads or also all kinds of flat panels constituted by conventional fabrics or fabrics, with elements of 'assembly which are preformed into shapes which provide the shape of the sail when inflated. The preformed connecting elements are constituted by a sandwich structure with reinforcing wires, the reinforcing wires of the connecting elements being arranged so as to be in continuity with the corresponding wires installed in the panels to be assembled, or by all kinds woven elements, fabrics or plastic sheets. The assembly elements are preformed on very simple templates constituted by a flat support, a simple board for example, and by a vertical strip which has curved shapes, therefore on very simple templates, inexpensive and easily modifiable. The sail panels are cut with the straight assembly sides as well as the assembly elements, which also has a significant reduction in production times. This process has the essential advantage of allowing the flat assembly of panels and assembly elements, by gluing or sewing. When the sail is inflated, the sail takes its shape by preforming the connecting elements. The flat assembly considerably reduces the costs of the necessary equipment, and consequently the cost of a sail. Another very important advantage is that the connecting elements can be changed. In the event that a sail does not provide the desired performance, it suffices to replace one or the other of the assembly elements with another preformed element having another form. The assembly elements being of small dimension compared to the whole of the sail or compared to the various panels, and these assembly elements being inexpensive to manufacture, the modifications are inexpensive and also very fast which can allow to save very precious time when developing a sail or when a sail requires modifications.
Les dessins annexés illustrent schématiquement et à titre d'exemple, les principes de l'invention.The accompanying drawings illustrate schematically and by way of example, the principles of the invention.
La figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble d'une voile comportant des panneaux et des éléments d'assemblage préformés.FIG. 1 is an overall view of a sail comprising panels and preformed assembly elements.
La figure 2 est une vue en plan d'une portion d'élément d'assemblage préformé assemblée à des panneaux.FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of a preformed connecting element assembled with panels.
La figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'un élément d'assemblage préformé assemblé à des panneaux.Figure 3 is a sectional view of a preformed connecting element assembled to panels.
La figure 4 est une vue longitudinale d'un élément d'assemblage préformé.Figure 4 is a longitudinal view of a preformed connecting element.
La figure 5 est une vue en plan d'un élément d'assemblage préformé en position d'assemblage avec des panneaux.Figure 5 is a plan view of a preformed connecting element in the assembly position with panels.
La figure 6 est une vue en plan d'un élément d'assemblage en position déployée à plat.Figure 6 is a plan view of an assembly element in the deployed position flat.
La figure 7 est une vue en coupe de la structure d'un élément d 'assemblage .Figure 7 is a sectional view of the structure of an assembly element.
La figure 8 est une vue en coupe d'un gabarit de préformage.Figure 8 is a sectional view of a preforming template.
La figure 9 est une vue longitudinale de côté d'un gabarit de préformage.Figure 9 is a longitudinal side view of a preforming jig.
En référence tout d'abord à la figure 1, une voile 1 est consituée par des panneaux 2, 3, 4 et 5. Chaque panneau comporte des fils de renforcement, par exemple 9, 10, 11 et 12, qui sont disposés de manière à ce qu'ils soient en continuité. Les panneaux 2 et 3 sont assemblés entre eux par un élément d'assemblage préformé 6 qui comporte des fils de renforcement, par exemple le fil 13 qui est disposé de manière à ce qu'il soit en continuité des fils 9 et 10. Les panneaux 3 et 4 sont assemblés par l'élément d'assemblage préformè 7 qui comporte des fils de renforcement, par exemple le fil de renforcement 14, et les panneaux 4 et 5 sont assemblés par l'élément d'assemblage 8 qui comporte des fils de renforcement, par exemple le fil de renforcement 15. Les fils de renforcement 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15, 12, sont disposés dans les panneaux et dans les éléments d'assemblage prè ormes de manière à ce qu'ils forment une ligne en courbe continue. Comme montré sur la figure 1, la voile comporte de nombreux fils de renforcement qui sont disposés dans les éléments de la voile selon les efforts soumis à la voile. Le nombre des panneaux, des éléments d'assemblage préformés et des fils de renforcement est variable et dépend de la dimension des voiles, et de plusieurs autres paramètres. Les panneaux et éléments d'assemblage sont décrits ci-dessus avec des fils de renforcement. Les panneaux et les éléments d'assemblage peuvent être réalisés avec des tissus ou toiles de toutes sortes, et par conséquent également avec toutes sortes de tissus qui ne sont pas renforcés par des fils.Referring firstly to Figure 1, a sail 1 is constituted by panels 2, 3, 4 and 5. Each panel has reinforcing wires, for example 9, 10, 11 and 12, which are arranged so that they are in continuity. The panels 2 and 3 are assembled together by a preformed connecting element 6 which includes reinforcing wires, for example the wire 13 which is arranged so that it is in continuity with the wires 9 and 10. The panels 3 and 4 are assembled by the preformed connecting element 7 which comprises reinforcing wires, for example the reinforcing wire 14, and the panels 4 and 5 are assembled by the connecting element 8 which has reinforcing threads, for example the reinforcing thread 15. The reinforcing threads 9, 13, 10, 14, 11, 15, 12, are arranged in the panels and in the pre-shaped connecting elements so as to what they form is a continuous curved line. As shown in Figure 1, the sail has many reinforcing son which are arranged in the elements of the sail according to the forces subjected to the sail. The number of panels, preformed connecting elements and reinforcing wires is variable and depends on the size of the sails, and on several other parameters. The panels and assembly elements are described above with reinforcing wires. The panels and the assembly elements can be made with fabrics or fabrics of all kinds, and therefore also with all kinds of fabrics which are not reinforced with threads.
Les figures 2 et 3 montrent une portion d'un élément d'assemblage préformé 6 qui est assemblé, par collage par exemple, à des panneaux 2 et 3. L'élément d'assemblage comporte des fils de renforcement, par exemple le fil de renforcement 13, et les panneaux comportent des fils de renforcement, par exemple les fils 9 et 10. L'élément d'assemblage préformé 6 comporte deux portions de collage 16 et 17 qui sont disposées à plat pour être collées sur les extrémités des panneaux 2 et 3, et comporte une portion préformée 18. Les extrémités des panneaux 2 et 3 sont séparées par un espace qui est égal à la largeur de la portion préformée 18. Pour les cas où les panneaux à assembler ne comportent pas de fils de renforcement et sont constitués par un tissu ou par de la toile, les éléments d'assemblage ne comportent pas de fils de renforcement et peuvent être réalisés avec la même matière que les panneaux à assembler.Figures 2 and 3 show a portion of a preformed connecting element 6 which is assembled, for example by gluing, to panels 2 and 3. The connecting element comprises reinforcing threads, for example the reinforcement 13, and the panels include reinforcement wires, for example the wires 9 and 10. The preformed assembly element 6 comprises two bonding portions 16 and 17 which are arranged flat to be glued to the ends of the panels 2 and 3, and comprises a preformed portion 18. The ends of the panels 2 and 3 are separated by a space which is equal to the width of the preformed portion 18. For cases where the panels to be assembled do not include reinforcing wires and consist of a fabric or canvas, the assembly elements do not include reinforcing threads and can be made of the same material as the panels to be assembled.
La figure 4 montre un élément d'assemblage préformé 6 qui comporte des fils de renforcement, par exemple le fil 13, une portion de collage 16 qui est à plat, et la portion préformée 18. Dans cette vue longitudinale, la portion préformée présente une forme de courbe.FIG. 4 shows a preformed assembly element 6 which comprises reinforcing wires, for example the wire 13, a bonding portion 16 which is flat, and the preformed portion 18. In this longitudinal view, the preformed portion has a curve shape.
La figure 5 montre un élément d'assemblage préformé 6 en position d'assemblage, avec la portion préformée 18 et les portions de collages 16 et 17. Dans cette position d'assemblage les portions de collage peuvent être parallèles entre elles et également parallèles par rapport aux bords 19 et 20 des panneaux 2 et 3. Les portions de collage peuvent également présenter des formes avec des largeurs différentes, de manière par exemple à avoir les portions de collage plus larges aux endroits de la voile où les efforts sont maximums.FIG. 5 shows a preformed assembly element 6 in the assembly position, with the preformed portion 18 and the bonding portions 16 and 17. In this assembly position, the bonding portions can be parallel to one another and also parallel with respect to the edges 19 and 20 of the panels 2 and 3. The bonding portions can also have shapes with widths different, so for example to have the larger bonding portions at the points of the sail where the forces are maximum.
La figure 6 montre un élément d'assemblage préformé 6 en position déployée à plat, avec les portions de collage 16 et 17 Selon la forme du gabarit de préformage, la portion préformée 18 présente une forme lenticulaire. Cette forme de préformage peut varier selon la forme de la voile à obtenir.FIG. 6 shows a preformed assembly element 6 in the deployed position flat, with the bonding portions 16 and 17 According to the shape of the preforming jig, the preformed portion 18 has a lenticular shape. This form of preforming can vary depending on the shape of the sail to be obtained.
La figure 7 montre un exemple d'une structure d'un élément d'assemblage préformé ou d'un panneau de voile, qui est constitué par deux feuilles plastiques 21 et 22 entre lesquelles sont disposés des fils de renforcement, par exemple le fil 23. Dans la pratique, les fils de renforcement sont montés sur la première feuille plastique, et ensuite la deuxième feuille plastique est collée sur l'ensemble constitué par la première feuille et par les fils de renforcement. Dans cet exemple, les éléments de renforcement sont constitués par des fils de renforcement. D'autres structures composites peuvent être réalisées avec d'autres éléments de renforcement, par exemple avec un non tissé de fibre ou de graphite ou avec des paillettes de fibre de verre, de fibre de graphite ou de fibre synthétique.FIG. 7 shows an example of a structure of a preformed connecting element or of a sail panel, which is constituted by two plastic sheets 21 and 22 between which are reinforcement wires, for example wire 23 In practice, the reinforcing threads are mounted on the first plastic sheet, and then the second plastic sheet is bonded to the assembly formed by the first sheet and by the reinforcing threads. In this example, the reinforcing elements consist of reinforcing wires. Other composite structures can be produced with other reinforcing elements, for example with a nonwoven of fiber or graphite or with flakes of glass fiber, graphite fiber or synthetic fiber.
Les figures 8 et 9 montrent le gabarit de préformage des éléments d'assemblage préformes. Le gabarit est constitué par une plaque de base 24 sur laquelle est montée une lamelle verticale 25. Dans le sens longitudinal, la lamelle verticale présente une forme de courbe. L'élément d'assemblage 6 est monté sur le gabarit. Des éléments de blocage 26 et 27 maintiennent les extrémités de l'élément d'assemblage préformé de manière à constituer les portions de collage 16 et 17 qui sont à plat et la portion préformée 18 qui présente ainsi des formes à trois dimensions. Le préformage peut aussi être effectué à chaud.Figures 8 and 9 show the preforming template of the preformed assembly elements. The template is constituted by a base plate 24 on which is mounted a vertical strip 25. In the longitudinal direction, the vertical strip has the shape of a curve. The connecting element 6 is mounted on the template. Locking elements 26 and 27 hold the ends of the preformed assembly element so as to constitute the bonding portions 16 and 17 which are flat and the preformed portion 18 which thus has three-dimensional shapes. Preforming can also be carried out hot.
Le procédé de fabrication, selon les figures 1 à 9, consiste à préformer des éléments d'assemblage de manière à ce qu'ils comportent des portions de collage qui peuvent être parallèles et une portion préformée qui déployée présentera une forme lenticulaire par exemple. Les panneaux de la voile sont découpes avec des bords d'assemblage droits. Les panneaux sont disposes a plat sur une table de montage. Les éléments d'assemblage préformes sont disposés et alignés sur les extrémités des panneaux a assembler dans la position montrée sur la figure 5, c'est-à-dire avec les portions de collage parallèles. Dans cette position la portion preformee des éléments d'assemblage n'est pas tendue. Dans cette position, les éléments d'assemblage et les panneaux sont assembles par collage ou par couture.The manufacturing process, according to FIGS. 1 to 9, consists in preforming assembly elements so that they have bonding portions which may be parallel and a preformed portion which, when deployed, will have a lenticular shape for example. The sail panels are cut with straight assembly edges. The panels are laid out flat on an assembly table. The preformed assembly elements are arranged and aligned on the ends of the panels to be assembled in the position shown in FIG. 5, that is to say with the parallel bonding portions. In this position, the preformed portion of the assembly elements is not stretched. In this position, the assembly elements and the panels are assembled by gluing or sewing.
En position de service, c'est-à-dire lorsque la voile est gonflée, les portions préformees des éléments d'assemblage se tendent et, selon leurs formes de préformage, procurent la forme voulue a la voile.In the service position, that is to say when the sail is inflated, the preformed portions of the assembly elements are stretched and, depending on their preforming forms, provide the desired shape for the sail.
Les panneaux ainsi que les éléments d'assemblage preformes peuvent être réalises avec différentes matières. A titre d'exemple les feuilles plastiques peuvent être réalisées en mylar et les fils de renforcement peuvent être réalises en kevlar. Les matières utilisées pour la réalisation des différents éléments de la voile sont indépendants du principe de l'invention qui consiste a assembler des panneaux de voile avec des éléments d'assemblage qui présentent une forme déterminée en trois dimensions pour procurer la forme voulue de la voile en position gonflée.The panels as well as the preformed assembly elements can be made with different materials. For example, the plastic sheets can be made of mylar and the reinforcing wires can be made of kevlar. The materials used for the production of the various elements of the sail are independent of the principle of the invention which consists in assembling sail panels with assembly elements which have a shape determined in three dimensions to obtain the desired shape of the sail. in the inflated position.
Les matières utilisées pour la fabrication des éléments d'assemblage prefor es et des panneaux à assembler, ainsi que la structure de ces éléments sont indépendants du principe de l'invention, les éléments d'assemblage préformes pouvant être réalises en tissus synthétiques, en feuilles plastiques, en toile ou toutes autres matières souples.The materials used for the manufacture of the pre-formed joining elements and the panels to be assembled, as well as the structure of these elements are independent of the principle of the invention, the pre-shaped joining elements being able to be produced in synthetic fabrics, in sheets. plastics, canvas or any other flexible material.
La figure 1 montre les éléments d'assemblage préformes disposes parallèlement par rapport à la base de la voile. Cette disposition est montrée à titre d'exemple. Les panneaux à assembler peuvent être découpe selon des formes diverses, en triangle, en rectangle, en carre ou en trapèze, par exemple. En fonction de la forme des panneaux les éléments d'assemblage peuvent être montés selon divers angles par rapport à la base de la voile.Figure 1 shows the preformed assembly elements arranged parallel to the base of the sail. This arrangement is shown by way of example. The panels to be assembled can be cut according to various shapes, in a triangle, a rectangle, a square or a trapezoid, for example. In depending on the shape of the panels, the assembly elements can be mounted at various angles to the base of the sail.
Le procédé de fabrication avec éléments d'assemblage préformés peut être utilisé pour de nombreuses applications, c'est-à-dire pour toutes les voiles où toiles qui nécessitent une forme particulière, par exemple des planeurs de pente, des parapentes, ou des tentes.The manufacturing process with preformed assembly elements can be used for many applications, that is to say for all sails or fabrics that require a particular shape, for example slope gliders, paragliders, or tents .
Le nombre des panneaux et des éléments d'assemblage est indépendant du principe de l'invention, le nombre des panneaux pouvant varier selon la conception et la dimension des voiles ou des toiles.The number of panels and assembly elements is independent of the principle of the invention, the number of panels can vary depending on the design and size of the sails or fabrics.
La largeur des éléments d'assemblages préformés peut varier d'une part par la largeur des portions de collage qui est déterminée en fonction des efforts agissant , plus les efforts étant importants plus la largeur des portions de collage étant grande, et d'autre part par la largeur de la portion préformée qui peut varier selon les formes à trois-dimensions prévues pour l'ensemble panneaux-éléments d'assemblage. Dans tous les cas la largeur des éléments d'assemblage est beaucoup plus petite que la largeur des panneaux à assembler. The width of the preformed assembly elements can vary on the one hand by the width of the bonding portions which is determined as a function of the acting forces, the greater the forces being, the greater the width of the bonding portions, and on the other hand by the width of the preformed portion which can vary according to the three-dimensional shapes provided for the panel-assembly assembly. In all cases, the width of the assembly elements is much smaller than the width of the panels to be assembled.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication de voiles ou de toiles avec éléments d'assemblage préformes consistant à assembler à plat des panneaux de voiles ou de toiles, caractérisé par le fait qu'il consiste à assembler des panneaux (2, 3) de voiles ou de toiles qui présentent des bords d'assemblage droits (19, 20) avec un ou des éléments d'assemblage préformés (6) qui comportent des portions de collage (16, 17) et une portion préformée (18), la portion préformée de chaque élément d'assemblage présentant une forme destinée à procurer la forme de service de l'ensemble de la voile ou de la toile, et par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage préformés sont préformés sur un gabarit qui est constitué par une plaque de base et par une lamelle verticale qui présente une forme de courbe dans le plan longitudinal, le gabarit étant conçu de manière à réaliser des éléments d'assemblage comportant deux portions parallèles de collage et une portion préformée à trois- dimensions .1. A method of manufacturing sails or fabrics with preformed assembly elements consisting in assembling panels of sails or fabrics flat, characterized in that it consists in assembling panels (2, 3) of sails or fabrics which have straight assembly edges (19, 20) with one or more preformed joining elements (6) which comprise bonding portions (16, 17) and a preformed portion (18), the preformed portion of each connecting element having a shape intended to provide the service form for the whole sail or canvas, and in that the preformed connecting elements are preformed on a template which is constituted by a base plate and by a vertical strip which has the shape of a curve in the longitudinal plane, the template being designed so as to produce assembly elements comprising two parallel bonding portions and a pre-formed three-dime portion nsions.
2. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, en position déployée à plat, la portion préformèe des éléments d'assemblage préformés présente une forme lenticulaire.2. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the deployed position flat, the preformed portion of the preformed assembly elements has a lenticular shape.
3. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage sont préformés à chaud.3. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly elements are preformed hot.
4. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage préformés sont réalisés en matière plastique souple.4. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preformed assembly elements are made of flexible plastic.
5. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage sont réalisés en tissu synthétique. 5. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly elements are made of synthetic fabric.
6. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérise par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage sont réalisés avec des feuilles plastiques renforcées par des fils de renforcement.6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly elements are made with plastic sheets reinforced with reinforcing son.
7. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage sont réalises avec des feuilles plastiques renforcées avec du non tisse.7. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly elements are made with plastic sheets reinforced with nonwoven.
8. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments d'assemblage sont réalisés avec des feuilles plastiques renforcées avec des paillettes.8. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly elements are made with plastic sheets reinforced with glitter.
9. Procédé de fabrication selon les revendications 1 et 6 , caractérisé par le fait que les fils de renforcement des éléments d'assemblage sont disposés de manière à ce qu'ils soient en continuité de fils de renforcement qui sont disposés dans les panneaux .9. The manufacturing method according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the reinforcing son of the connecting elements are arranged so that they are in continuity with reinforcing son which are arranged in the panels.
10. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 1, caractérise par le fait que la largeur des éléments d'assemblage est beaucoup plus petite que la largeur des panneaux. 10. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the connecting elements is much smaller than the width of the panels.
PCT/CH1997/000273 1996-07-18 1997-07-16 Method for making sails or sailcloth with preformed assembly members WO1998003396A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

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US7142286B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2006-11-28 Asml Netherlands B.V. Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method

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US3626886A (en) * 1970-01-27 1971-12-14 Thomas Cafiero Sails
US4328061A (en) * 1977-10-25 1982-05-04 Haggar Company Apparatus for depositing adhesive strips
EP0056657A2 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-07-28 North Sails Surf Antilles N.V. Sail for sailing craft and method for making same
US4645629A (en) * 1985-06-14 1987-02-24 Brett Stern Method of manufacturing heat molding garments
EP0224729A1 (en) 1985-11-27 1987-06-10 Bainbridge/Aquabatten, Inc. A sail
EP0249427A1 (en) 1986-06-11 1987-12-16 Sobstad Sailmakers, Inc. Composite thread line sails
US4945848A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-08-07 Linville James C Reinforced sailcloth

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US3626886A (en) * 1970-01-27 1971-12-14 Thomas Cafiero Sails
US4328061A (en) * 1977-10-25 1982-05-04 Haggar Company Apparatus for depositing adhesive strips
EP0056657A2 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-07-28 North Sails Surf Antilles N.V. Sail for sailing craft and method for making same
US4645629A (en) * 1985-06-14 1987-02-24 Brett Stern Method of manufacturing heat molding garments
EP0224729A1 (en) 1985-11-27 1987-06-10 Bainbridge/Aquabatten, Inc. A sail
EP0249427A1 (en) 1986-06-11 1987-12-16 Sobstad Sailmakers, Inc. Composite thread line sails
US4945848A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-08-07 Linville James C Reinforced sailcloth

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7142286B2 (en) 2004-07-27 2006-11-28 Asml Netherlands B.V. Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method

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