WO1997026547A1 - Optisches messverfahren und optische messanordnung zum messen eines magnetischen wechselfeldes mit erweitertem messbereich und guter linearität - Google Patents
Optisches messverfahren und optische messanordnung zum messen eines magnetischen wechselfeldes mit erweitertem messbereich und guter linearität Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997026547A1 WO1997026547A1 PCT/EP1997/000022 EP9700022W WO9726547A1 WO 1997026547 A1 WO1997026547 A1 WO 1997026547A1 EP 9700022 W EP9700022 W EP 9700022W WO 9726547 A1 WO9726547 A1 WO 9726547A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- intensity
- measuring
- alternating
- signals
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R15/246—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect based on the Faraday, i.e. linear magneto-optic, effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R33/0322—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect using the Faraday or Voigt effect
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for measuring a magnetic alternating field.
- a magnetic alternating field is understood to mean a magnetic field which only has frequency components which differ from zero in its spectrum.
- Optical measuring arrangements for measuring an electrical current in a current conductor are known which are based on the magneto-optical Faraday effect and are therefore also referred to as magneto-optical current transformers.
- a magneto-optical current transformer linearly polarized measuring light is transmitted through a Faraday sensor device which is arranged in the vicinity of the current conductor and consists of an optically transparent material which shows the Faraday effect.
- the magnet: field generated by the current causes the plane of polarization of the measuring light to rotate by an angle of rotation p which is proportional to the path integral over the magnetic field along the path traveled by the measuring light ir the sensor device.
- the proportionality constant is called the Verdet constant V.
- the Verdet constant V generally depends on the material and the temperature of the sensor device and on the wavelength of the measuring light used. in general, the sensor device surrounds the current conductor, so that the measuring light rotates the current conductor at least once in a practically closed path.
- the Faraday angle of rotation p is pclarimetrically determined by a folarization analysis of the NEN measurement light determined to obtain a measurement signal for the electrical current.
- Polarizing beam splitters such as, for example, a Wollaston prism or a simple beam splitter with two downstream polarizers, whose polarization axes are rotated by ⁇ / 2 or 90 ° relative to one another, are known as analyzers.
- Both light components L1 and L2 are each converted into an electrical intensity signal T1 or T2 by an assigned photoelectric converter, which is proportional to the light intensity of the respective light components L1 and L2.
- a measurement signal is made from these two electrical signals
- T (Tl - T2) / (Tl + T2) (3), which corresponds to the quotient of a difference and the Suinme of the two intensity signals Tl and T2
- the measurement resolution MA is the amount
- a magneto-optical current transformer is known from EP-B-0 088 419, in which two Faraday glass rings are arranged parallel to one another around a common current conductor, which consist of Faragay materials with different Verdet constants and thus each for different current measuring ranges have.
- Each Faraday glass ring is assigned a transmitter unit for transmitting linearly polarized measurement light into the glass ring and a two-channel evaluation unit for calculating a respective measurement signal for the respective Faraday angle of rotation.
- the two measurement signals of the two evaluation units are fed to an OR gate, which determines a maximum signal from the two measurement signals. This maximum signal is used to switch between the measuring ranges of the two glass rings.
- Different measuring ranges of the two glass rings can also be achieved with the same glass material for both glass rings by measuring light different Wavelength is used. The wavelength dependence of the Faraday rotation is exploited.
- a magneto-optical current transducer in which linearly polarized measuring light by pres ⁇ a fen a conductor surrounding the Faraday optical fiber by a beam splitter into two Lichcteilsignale is divided and an analyzer to ⁇ is performed each of these partial light signals.
- the natural axes of the two analyzers are directed at an angle of 0 ° or 45 ° to the coupling polarization of the measuring light. This provides an analyzer, a first sinusoidal signal at the output and at the output of the other A nalysators a second cosine signal.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and an arrangement for measuring a magnetic alternating field with an expanded measuring range and good linearity.
- Coupled sensor device which is arranged at least during the measurement process in the alternating magnetic field.
- the measuring light passes through the sensor device at least once and is then divided into two linearly polarized partial light signals, the polarization directions of which are directed at an angle of essentially an odd multiple of 45 ° or ⁇ / 4 to one another.
- the two partial light signals are each converted into an electrical intensity signal, which is a measure of the light intensity of the associated partial light signal.
- An AC signal component and a DC signal component are determined from a first of the two electrical intensity signals and a DC signal component from a second of the two intensity signals.
- the alternating signal component essentially contains all frequency components of the alternating magnetic field.
- the two DC signal components contain essentially no frequency components of the magnetic alternating field.
- a measurement signal for the derived alternating magnetic field which is proportional to a quotient of two intensity-standardized signals, a first of the two intensity-standardized signals corresponding to the quotient of the alternating signal component and the DC signal component of the first intensity signal and a second of the two intensity-standardized signals to the quotient of the second Intensity signal and its DC signal component corresponds.
- this measurement signal is practically independent of undesired fluctuations in the intensity of the measurement light and, on the other hand, it is a clear function over an angular range of approximately ⁇ for the Faraday angle of rotation by which the plane of polarization of the measurement light in the sensor device is rotated due to the magnetic field, for example via the open angular range] - ⁇ / 2, -r- ⁇ / 2 [. Furthermore, the measurement signal has excellent linearity in a large area around an operating point in the middle of the measurement area.
- an effective value is formed from the measurement signal for precision measurement as a measure of the effective value of the alternating magnetic field.
- the sensor device is arranged in the magnetic alternating field inductively generated by the alternating current.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an arrangement for measuring a magnetic alternating field and in particular for measuring an electrical alternating current
- a sensor device 3 which shows the magneto-optical Faraday effect is arranged in the alternating magnetic field H.
- the sensor device 3 is formed with a single-mode optical fiber, which preferably surrounds the current conductor 2 in the form of a measuring winding with at least one turn.
- a tempered optical fiber (annealed fiber) is preferably provided, which is characterized by low linear birefringence and practically negligible circular birefringence.
- the sensor device 3 can also be formed with one or more solid bodies, preferably made of glass, which show the Faraday effect and in particular surround the current conductor 2 as a polygonal ring body.
- Means are provided for coupling linearly polarized measuring light L into the sensor device 3.
- the polarization direction of the electric field strength vector of the measuring light L when coupling into the sensor device 3 is hereinafter referred to as the coupling polarization direction of the measuring light L.
- the means for coupling the measuring light L into the sensor device 3 can, as shown, contain a light source 9 and a polarizer 10 for linearly polarizing the light from the light source 9, or also a linearly polarized light source such as a laser diode.
- the polarization axis (transmission axis) of the polarizer 10 specifies the coupling polarization direction of the measuring light L.
- the linearly polarized measuring light L coupled into the sensor device 3 passes through the sensor device 3 and is passed to a beam splitter 4 after passing through the sensor device 3.
- the beam splitter 4 divides the measuring light L into two light components L1 'and L2' with the same polarization.
- the beam splitter 4 can be positioned at an angle of as 45 ° to the direction of propagation of the measuring light L inclined partially transparent mirror can be formed.
- a first polarizer 5 is now arranged in the optical path (beam path) of the first light component L1 ', which forms a first light component signal L1 projected onto its polarization axis P1.
- a second polarizer 6 is arranged in the light path of the second light component L2 'and forms a second light component signal L2 projected onto its associated polarization axis P2.
- the polarization axis Pl of the first polarizer 5 and the polarization axis P2 of the second polarizer 6 close at least approximately an angle
- the polarization axis Pl of the first polarizer 5 is directed at an angle of at least approximately + 45 ° or + ⁇ / 4 or - 45 ° or - ⁇ / 4 to the coupling polarization direction of the measurement light L and the polarization axis P2 of polarization of the second ⁇ gate 6 at an angle of 0 ° or 0 to Einkoppelpolari ⁇ sationsraum of the measuring light L.
- the two partial light signals L1 and L2 are now fed to an assigned photoelectric converter 7 and 8, respectively.
- Each photoelectric converter 7 and 8 associated with ⁇ partial light signals Ll and L2 in each case one electrical ⁇ ULTRASONIC intensity signal Sl or S2 converts which respectively is a measure of the intensity of the respective partial light signal Ll L2.
- the electrical intensity signal S1 or S2 is proportional to the light intensity of the associated light part signal L1 or L2.
- the output of the first photoelectric transducer 7 is now electrically connected 12 comparable with the input of a high pass filter 11 and ⁇ with the input of a low pass filter.
- the high-pass filter 11 forms an AC signal component AI of the first intensity signal S1 and the low-pass filter 12 a DC signal component Dl of this first intensity signal Sl.
- the separation frequencies of high-pass filter 11 and low-pass filter 12 are set so that the alternating signal component AI contains all frequency components of the alternating magnetic field H and the direct signal component D1 is independent of the alternating magnetic field H.
- the alternating signal component AI of the first intensity signal S1 is fed from an output of the high-pass filter 11 to a first input of a divider 14.
- the DC signal component D1 of the first intensity signal S1 is fed from an output of the low-pass filter 12 to a second input of the divider 14.
- the divider 14 now forms the quotient signal AI / Dl from the alternating signal component AI to the direct signal component Dl of the first intensity signal S1.
- This quotient signal AI / Dl is an intensity-normalized ⁇ signal, ie independent of changes in intensity of the measuring light L, for example due to fluctuations in intensity of the light source 9 or attenuation losses in the light path of the measuring light L or the first partial light signal L1.
- the output of the second photoelectric converter 8 is electrically connected to the input of a low-pass filter 13 and a first input of a divider 15.
- the low-pass filter 13 forms a DC signal component D2 of the second intensity signal S2.
- the separation frequency of the low-pass filter 13 is set such that the DC signal component D2 contains no frequency components of the magnetic alternating field H.
- a quotient signal S2 / D2 which corresponds to the quotient from the second intensity signal S2 and its DC signal component D2.
- This quotient signal S2 / D2 is also an intensity-normalized signal and is therefore independent of changes in intensity in the measuring light L and in the second partial light signal L2. Since intensity changes in the light paths of the two light line signals L1 and L2 are also compensated for by the intensity normalization, multimode fibers can also be used to transmit the two light part signals L1 and L2.
- the two standardized signals AI / Di and S2 / D2 are each fed to an input of a further divider 16.
- the divider 16 forms the Quotients of the two standardized signals Al / Dl and S2 / D2 as a measurement signal
- This measurement signal M is similar to the function tan (p) of the Faraday angle of rotation p around which the direction of polarization
- means 17 are provided for forming the effective value M_ f - of the measurement signal M, which is used as a measure for the amplitude (amount) of the alternating magnetic field H or as a measure for the effective value I « J; of an electrical current I in the current conductor 2.
- the effective value M * - Any known analog or digital circuit can be used.
- the effective value M, £ f of the measurement signal M can also be subjected to a subsequent linearization, preferably with the aid of a digital signal processor.
- the linearized effective value M .f: - in which then depends linearly on the angle of rotation p, is applied to an output 20.
- the RMS value M, - ; be given to an output, not shown.
- a subtractor can also be provided to form the alternating signal component AI of the first intensity signal Sl, which subtractor forms the difference Sl - Dl from the first intensity signal Sl and its direct signal component Dl formed by the low-pass filter 12, which corresponds to the alternating signal component AI.
- a subtractor can also be provided, which subtracts the difference S1-AI from the first intensity signal S1 and its AC signal component AI formed by the high-pass filter 11, which is just the DC signal component Corresponds to Dl.
- the low-pass filter 13 can also be replaced by a high-pass filter for forming an AC signal component A2 of the second intensity signal S2 and a subtractor for forming the DC signal component D2 of the second intensity signal S2 by subtracting the AC signal component A2 from the second intensity signal S2.
- the analog filters shown can also be replaced by digital filters and upstream analog / digital converters.
- Arithmetic means for deriving the measurement signal M according to the relationship (8) from the alternating signal component AI and the direct signal component Dl of the first intensity signal S1 and from the second intensity signal S2 and its direct signal component D2 can of course also be used instead of the analog divider 14, 15 and 16 digital computing means can be provided, in particular a microprocessor or a digital signal processor with an upstream analc / digital converter. In front- Both digital filters and digital arithmetic means are preferably provided. The analog / digital conversion then takes place before the digital filters.
- the optical coupling of the various optical components of the measuring arrangement is preferably supported by collimator lenses (not shown) for focusing the light.
- an arrangement of the reflection type can also be provided, in which the measuring light L reflects back into the sensor device 3 after a first passing through the sensor device 3 with the aid of a mirror and passes through the sensor device 3 a second time in the opposite direction before it is fed to the beam splitter 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Magnetic Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/117,006 US6114846A (en) | 1996-01-18 | 1997-01-03 | Optical measuring method and device for measuring a magnetic alternating field with an expanded measuring range and good linearity |
EP97900955A EP0874998A1 (de) | 1996-01-18 | 1997-01-03 | Optisches messverfahren und optische messanordnung zum messen eines magnetischen wechselfeldes mit erweitertem messbereich und guter linearität |
JP9525640A JP2000503388A (ja) | 1996-01-18 | 1997-01-03 | 拡張された測定範囲および良好な直線性を有する交流磁界を測定するための光学的測定方法および光学的測定装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19601727.0 | 1996-01-18 | ||
DE19601727A DE19601727C1 (de) | 1996-01-18 | 1996-01-18 | Optisches Meßverfahren und optische Meßanordnung zum Messen eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes mit erweitertem Meßbereich und guter Linearität |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1997026547A1 true WO1997026547A1 (de) | 1997-07-24 |
Family
ID=7783101
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1997/000022 WO1997026547A1 (de) | 1996-01-18 | 1997-01-03 | Optisches messverfahren und optische messanordnung zum messen eines magnetischen wechselfeldes mit erweitertem messbereich und guter linearität |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6114846A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0874998A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000503388A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2243211A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19601727C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997026547A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29711683U1 (de) * | 1997-07-03 | 1998-11-05 | Felten & Guilleaume Energietechnik AG, 51063 Köln | Sensoranordnung |
EP0905522A3 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 2000-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung zum Messen einer Messgrösse aus einem vorgegebenen Messbereich |
WO1999050678A2 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und anordnung zur verarbeitung mindestens eines analogen, mehrere frequenzbereiche umfassenden signals |
JP3718412B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-01 | 2005-11-24 | キャボットスーパーメタル株式会社 | ニオブまたはタンタル粉末およびその製造方法 |
US6946827B2 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2005-09-20 | Nxtphase T & D Corporation | Optical electric field or voltage sensing system |
DE102006002301B4 (de) * | 2005-01-18 | 2007-11-15 | Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (FH) | Schaltungsanordnung zur Messung elektrischer Ströme in elektrischen Leitern mit Lichtwellenleitern |
JP4853474B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-08 | 2012-01-11 | 東京電力株式会社 | 光センサおよび光電流・電圧センサ |
WO2006095619A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | The Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated | 強度変調型光センサおよび光電流・電圧センサ |
WO2009054157A1 (ja) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-04-30 | The Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated | 光ファイバ電流センサおよび電流測定方法 |
EP2919022A3 (de) * | 2007-11-30 | 2015-10-21 | PowerSense A/S | Sensoranordnung und Verfahren zur Messung von Blitzschlägen |
US8781266B2 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-07-15 | General Electric Company | Distributed, multiplexed fiber optic current transducer using optical power division |
EP2626711B1 (de) | 2012-02-10 | 2015-03-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Messvorrichtung für HVDC-Strom mit großer Bandbreite und sehr hoher Präzision |
EP3244218B1 (de) * | 2013-10-17 | 2019-05-29 | Osaka City University | Messvorrichtung für elektrischen strom |
US9632113B2 (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2017-04-25 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Few-moded fiber for sensing current |
US10473697B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2019-11-12 | General Electric Company | Current transducer with offset cancellation |
US10197603B2 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2019-02-05 | General Electric Company | Optical current transducer with offset cancellation and current linearization |
CN111512165A (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-08-07 | Abb电网瑞士股份公司 | 在高信号范围具有增强精确度的偏振光学检测 |
FR3110000B1 (fr) | 2020-05-06 | 2022-05-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Capteur de courant basé sur l’effet Faraday dans un gaz atomique |
Citations (4)
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EP0208593A1 (de) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-14 | Schlumberger Industries | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Winkels in einem grossen Bereich |
US4755665A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-07-05 | Square D Company | Light detector and signal processing circuit |
WO1989000701A1 (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1989-01-26 | Square D Company | Electric current sensor using the faraday effect |
WO1991001500A1 (de) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-02-07 | Mwb Messwandler-Bau Ag | Faseroptische anordnung zum messen der stärke eines elektrischen stromes |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3364239D1 (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1986-07-31 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus for optically measuring a current |
US4973899A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1990-11-27 | Sundstrand Corporation | Current sensor and method utilizing multiple layers of thin film magneto-optic material and signal processing to make the output independent of system losses |
DE4312184A1 (de) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-10-20 | Siemens Ag | Optisches Meßverfahren zum Messen eines elektrischen Wechselstromes mit Temperaturkompensation und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE4312183A1 (de) * | 1993-04-14 | 1994-10-20 | Siemens Ag | Optisches Meßverfahren zum Messen eines elektrischen Wechselstromes mit Temperaturkompensation und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE59403050D1 (de) * | 1993-10-01 | 1997-07-10 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen einer elektrischen wechselgrösse mit temperaturkompensation |
ES2110777T3 (es) * | 1993-10-01 | 1998-02-16 | Siemens Ag | Procedimiento y disposicion para la medicion de una corriente electrica con dos señales luminosas opuestas utilizando el efecto faraday. |
DE4432146A1 (de) * | 1994-09-09 | 1996-03-14 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen eines elektrischen Wechselstromes mit Temperaturkompensation |
-
1996
- 1996-01-18 DE DE19601727A patent/DE19601727C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-01-03 CA CA002243211A patent/CA2243211A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-03 EP EP97900955A patent/EP0874998A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-01-03 US US09/117,006 patent/US6114846A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-03 JP JP9525640A patent/JP2000503388A/ja active Pending
- 1997-01-03 WO PCT/EP1997/000022 patent/WO1997026547A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0208593A1 (de) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-14 | Schlumberger Industries | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Winkels in einem grossen Bereich |
US4755665A (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1988-07-05 | Square D Company | Light detector and signal processing circuit |
WO1989000701A1 (en) * | 1987-07-22 | 1989-01-26 | Square D Company | Electric current sensor using the faraday effect |
WO1991001500A1 (de) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-02-07 | Mwb Messwandler-Bau Ag | Faseroptische anordnung zum messen der stärke eines elektrischen stromes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2243211A1 (en) | 1997-07-24 |
JP2000503388A (ja) | 2000-03-21 |
EP0874998A1 (de) | 1998-11-04 |
US6114846A (en) | 2000-09-05 |
DE19601727C1 (de) | 1997-04-30 |
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