WO1996038701A1

WO1996038701A1 - Process and associated water jet blower for cleaning predeterminable surfaces

Info

Publication number: WO1996038701A1
Application number: PCT/EP1996/002323
Authority: WO
Inventors: Friedrich Bude; Karl Albers; Stephan Simon
Original assignee: Clyde Bergemann Gmbh
Priority date: 1995-05-30
Filing date: 1996-05-30
Publication date: 1996-12-05
Also published as: DE59608453D1; CN1124469C; AU6003396A; CN1186547A; AU5902596A; EP0828986A1; EP0828986B1; CN1131992C; EP0828985B2; EP0828985A1; DE59608847D1; EP0828985B1; WO1996038703A1; CN1186548A

Abstract

A process is disclosed to determine the position of a controllable water jet blower used to clean a predeterminable surface of a heatable inner chamber, preferably a combustion chamber, in which sediments are deposited. At least one point of impact of a cleaning medium projected by the water jet blower on a surface to be cleaned of the inner chamber, and the position of at least part of the water jet blower are determined and recorded. By determining the position of at least part of the water jet blower, the direction of flow of the cleaning medium out of the water jet blower can be determined. A correlation is then established between the point(s) of impact and the position of at least part of the water jet blower, taking into account at least one parameter that concerns the state of operation inside the inner chamber. This correlation allows positioning the water jet blower for cleaning the predeterminable surface. Also disclosed are a process and device for cleaning a heatable inner chamber, preferably a combustion chamber, in which sediments are deposited, by means of a controllable water jet blower that projects a cleaning medium on a predeterminable surface to be cleaned of the inner chamber. For that purpose, a correlation associated to the state of operation in the inner chamber and/or to the state of the cleaning medium is superimposed on a predetermined control of the water jet blower, so that the cleaning medium is projected as planned on the surface to be cleaned, whatever the state of operation in the inner chamber. Undesirable deviations of the cleaning jet of the water jet blower caused by different states of operation in the inner chamber may thus be compensated for.

Description

Process for cleaning predeterminable surfaces of a heated interior and associated water lance blowers

The present invention relates to methods for cleaning predeterminable surfaces of a heatable interior, preferably a furnace, in which deposits are deposited. The invention further relates to a lance blower which can be used for these processes. A main area of application of the invention is the cleaning of power plant boilers.

For the start-up cleaning of slagged or soiled heating surfaces in fireboxes, water lance blowers are used, which, arranged at an opening, blow a compact water jet through the flame and the firebox onto the walls opposite or to the side and the walls due to the shock effect of the water clean. Such water lance blowers are disclosed in DD 145 476 and DD 155 857. The water lance executes a blow figure that can take on a wide variety of geometries: eg spirals (DD 145 476) or meandering bands (DD 155 857). The water jet emerging from the water lance blower then executes a cleaning figure on the wall, which the water jet hits. The blowing path is controlled by control devices for the movement of the water lance, which are mounted in their front areas at a fixed point at the combustion chamber opening and are guided on their rear bearing via a path and / or time control of the lance guide. In P 44 15 010.5 a control is disclosed in such a way that a fixed reference point or location is approached with each work step and thus always the same local starting position of the water lance for executing the blow figure is ensured. Possible tolerances that occur in the control system are thereby leveled, so that no path changes occur. Different blow figures, which also have openings from Z. B. omit burners and flue gas re-aspiration, assign a lance blower for a wide variety of surface areas and sizes of the wall surface to be blasted and cleaned and optionally called up for blowing operation.

Furthermore, it is known from DE 195 19 748.8 AI, DE 195 19 780.1 AI and DE 195 19 790.1 AI to geometrically assign conditions of the geometry of the wall surfaces to the coordinates of the water lance positions on site. A lance blower coordinate is assigned to each point on the wall surface that the lance blower hits as a geometric beam.

The prior art also includes methods which, depending on the degree of contamination of the wall surface, perceive a selection of the blow figure and its blow intensity. For this purpose, DD 281 448, DD 281 452 and DD 281 468 disclose methods for controlling water lance blowers and for determining slagging areas on heating surfaces in combustion chambers of coal dust furnaces. DD 281 448 describes a method for controlling a water lance blower for cleaning heating surfaces, reference images being generated by means of an optical probe which is coupled to a camera and a measuring system. These are divided into fields by coordinates of the measuring system and marked with signals. Real images are generated during combustion chamber operation and compared with the reference images. A slagging area is determined from the comparison and a command signal is generated from coordinates of known blow figures of the water lance blower, which commands the water lance blower to clean the slagging area. A known blow figure can be determined by any hand-controlled method of the water lance blower while observing the water jet on a screen. DD 281 452 discloses a method in which, after a slagging area has been determined from known, stored coordinates from blow figures of a water lance blower which is driven to the determined slagging area. This is intended to limit the area to be cleaned in terms of area and circumference. In DD 281 468, the selection of the operation of the water lance blower is concentrated on selected cleaning areas according to the degree of soiling. Registration, summation and subsequent evaluation of the cleaning result are provided. All of these processes assume a geometrically defined jet of water.

Analogous to the method of DD 281 468, the emissivity of cleaned or clean and soiled or dirty fire walls is measured in emission measuring devices in DE 41 39 838, compared with target values and commands for the blowing rhythm and the blowing intensity with regard to the blowing jet speed of a water lance blower are derived therefrom . This solution is used for coals with thin, white, shiny or radiating ashes or deposits. According to DE 41 39 718 AI and US-A 4,539,588 an infrared video image is generated to use this method, which simultaneously compares the local radiation intensity of predetermined soiled and clean combustion chamber measuring surfaces. This comparison is based on measurement results from photodetectors installed at preferred locations in the combustion chamber wall, which measure the local radiation intensities and display them on the monitor.

Known devices and methods for cleaning heating surfaces usually use the position of the water lance blower when moving its blow figure to create a connection between the surface to be cleaned and the water jet. This connection is based on geometric considerations, with the assumption being made that the geometrically derivable target point of the water lance blower on the cleaning surface coincides with the impact point of the water jet. An attempt is made, such as B. in DD 281 468 discloses to save a blow figure by observation of a water jet and to use it later.

The object of the present invention is to provide methods which can be used for a targeted, scheduled cleaning of a predeterminable surface of an interior in various conditions in the interior. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lance blower that enables effective, scheduled cleaning of a predeterminable surface of an interior in different conditions in the interior.

This object is achieved by a method for determining a position of a controllable lance blower with the features of claim 1, a method for cleaning a surface of a heatable interior with the features of claim 2 and with a controllable lance blower for cleaning a surface of a heatable Interior solved with the features of claim 20. Advantageous refinements are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The invention provides a method for determining a positioning of a controllable lance blower for cleaning a predeterminable surface of a heatable interior, preferably a furnace, in which deposits are deposited, with at least one spot of a cleaning medium of the lance blower on a surface of the interior to be cleaned and - at least one The position of at least part of the lance blower, by means of which the direction of discharge of the cleaning medium from the lance blower can be determined, is determined and registered, and a correlation is established between at least the impact spot and the position, including at least one parameter that is related to the interior , the correlation being able to determine the positioning of the lance blower for cleaning the predeterminable surface for the respective state in the interior.

Furthermore, the invention provides a method for cleaning a heatable interior, preferably a furnace, in which deposits are deposited, with a controllable lance blower, the cleaning medium of which is intended to impinge on a predefinable surface of the interior to be cleaned, with a predetermined control of the lance blower the correlation associated with the state in the interior and / or the state of the cleaning medium is superimposed in such a way that the predeterminable surface to be cleaned is hit as planned by the cleaning medium in every state in the interior.

In addition, a controllable lance blower is created for cleaning a heatable interior, in particular a combustion chamber, in which deposits are deposited, the cleaning medium of which strikes a surface of the interior to be cleaned, with a programmable control of the lance blower and means for storing at least one correlation for the scheduled cleaning of the surface to be cleaned depending on the condition in the interior.

The correlation for cleaning is preferably based on the observation of at least one impact spot of the cleaning medium on a surface of the interior in certain conditions in the interior and at least one known position of at least part of the lance blower, by means of which the outflow direction of the cleaning medium from the lance blower can be determined, on. In this advantageous manner, it is possible to compensate for the different currents with vortices and extreme speed differences and flow direction changes that occur in the real operation of a furnace, but which can hardly be controlled, in such a way that the cleaning medium actually adapts a cleaning figure to the specified one cleaning surface. A simple equation of the jet geometry of the lance direction and the target point thus found on the surface to be cleaned, in particular a wall surface, with the impact spot does not reflect reality. Not only do changes in the speed of the flames and gas flows occur on the walls and deflections, or do they depend on the load and air volume, which changes vary depending on the boiler design and size. Rather, with every fundamental change in the blowing conditions of the burner system, e.g. B. when changing the mill or changing the number of burners in operation, but also changing fuel, the flow profile in the combustion chamber. These flows in connection with the gravitational force acting on the water jet and the fanning out of the jet along the blowing path influence the impact point and the impact surface of a cleaning medium. Our own investigations have shown deviations of several meters, but also ovality of the impact surface in any direction. It is therefore expedient for at least a part of the lance blower to be positioned and / or for a value, such as a pressure, a volume flow or a flow rate, which characterizes the cleaning medium, to be controlled or regulated in such a way that the predefinable surface to be cleaned, is hit by the cleaning medium. In this way, it is possible to make a correspondingly necessary change to changes in a state, for example within a boiler room, in such a way that cleaning figures to be carried out can be carried out exactly. It is thus possible to avoid unnecessary or damaging wall surface radiation from the cleaning medium and to select a suitable blow pattern and the frequency and intensity of the blowing operation. Any surfaces to be cleaned, such as those of the walls of the interior or of heat exchangers located in the interior, can thus be treated differently.

The impact spot can be determined by means of suitable perception means, sensors in the walls to be cleaned or optical devices preferably being used. An advantageous embodiment of a method according to the invention provides that one or more sensors are located in the walls to be cleaned. These are hit by the cleaning medium, which the sensors pick up and pass on. According to, for example, the operating state of the interior to be cleaned, parameters such as the impact spot, the position of a part of the lance blower, by means of which the outflow direction of the cleaning medium is determined, and a characteristic parameter, e.g. B. the load state of the boiler, then registrable. A further embodiment of the invention provides that the impact spot is determined by means of a physical and / or chemical effect of the impacting cleaning agent. In particular, shock effects due to the temperature differences of the cleaning agent and the area of the interior to be cleaned can be localized. Likewise, however, visual or optical observations, such as photography, film or other light / laser / thermal radiation processes, are also suitable for clearly assigning wall points of the surface to be cleaned to impact spots of the cleaning medium. A favorable further development provides that suitable means for determining sound or vibrations due to the impact of the cleaning medium on the surface to be cleaned are present or that the impact of the cleaning medium on a viewing hatch or on an open hatch is determined and so that the impact spot is located and registered. Correspondingly suitable sensors can advantageously also be be installed outside the surface to be cleaned. You do not need to be exposed to the prevailing ambient temperatures in fire rooms. A change in the local temperature due to the low temperature of the cleaning medium and its impact spot compared to the ambient temperature can also be determined by means of emission measurement. In a further embodiment, the impact spot, its center, its dimensions and the jet pressure are scanned when a sensor, for example a punctiform sensor, is scanned and used for the correlation.

An advantage of the invention is that the method for determining the positioning of a controllable lance blower and the method for cleaning the heated interior do not necessarily have to be carried out together with a controllable lance blower. This makes it possible to borrow corresponding measurements for determining the positioning for a known interior and to establish one or more correlations on the basis of the measurements so that the lance blower can be positioned. The correlations achieved for the interior of a furnace, for example, can then be used directly in a cleaning process. However, it is also possible to transfer the correlations achieved to interiors of a similar design. A corresponding method for cleaning this interior can then be adapted according to the existing geometries, flow conditions in the boiler or installation geometries of the lance blower by means of the correlations. It is favorable to enter into a correlation a relationship that is created between the impact spot and the theoretical jet target point of the cleaning medium that can be obtained from the geometry of the position of the cleaning device on the surface of the interior to be cleaned. In the case of deviations between these two locations in particular, it is expedient to have a correction value incorporated into a correlation. For example, for adjustment Operations of the cleaning device advantageous to be able to make a change in the positioning of the lance blower from known deviations when moving the cleaning figure. In order to determine suitable correlations, it is favorable to be able to draw conclusions from known impact spots and positions of the lance blower as reference values for areas still to be cleaned with fictitious impact spots there. For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous to carry out the calculation of the fictitious impact spot from preferably at least three values of impact spot and position of the lance blower each in the form of coupled vector fields. Since the geometries of the interior are known, a mathematical model, which preferably also characterizes the state of the interior, can be obtained from this in a further development of the methods for controlling the impact spot. If the interior is operated under defined conditions, corresponding parameters can be determined and registered while simultaneously determining an impact spot and an associated position of the lance blower. The same applies to a condition of the cleaning medium to be registered, which can also be determined by means of a mathematical model. In this way, cleaning figures can be created which, depending on the density of the specific impact spots, can be driven down extremely precisely. Not only for a mathematical modeling, but also for example for the determination or control of the impact spot, it is advantageous to treat it as an impact point. The edge blur of a stain can then be determined if necessary. For vulnerable areas, such as B. burner openings in a boiler area, a impact spot is determined so that damage due to the cleaning medium when a blow figure of the lance blower is carried out is excluded. In order to prevent the risk that, for example due to mechanical play or thermal expansion on the suspension of the water lance blower, there is a difference between the positioning and the corresponding correlation, a further development of the invention checks whether a correlation with the impact spot on a predetermined surface of the cleaning medium to be cleaned according to plan coincides sufficiently. If the deviation is too large, the correlation or the positioning is otherwise corrected. An advantageous embodiment of the invention also provides that the lance blower is moved via a suitable search mode of the control in such a way that defined impact spots for positioning are found and registered.

The at least one parameter related to the interior, which relates to a state in the interior, gives the possibility of including the conditions prevailing in the correlation. Taking into account the condition of the cleaning medium in turn allows, for example, a mass accumulation control of a connected pump, which is responsible for the pressure build-up of the cleaning medium, to meet the predefinable surface to be cleaned as planned. For this purpose, an embodiment of the lance blower according to the invention has suitable means for detecting the parameter or parameters. Since, as already mentioned above, the flow profile over a cross section of the interior also runs differently under different operating conditions, parameters such as pressure, speed, temperature, mass flow, its possibly different composition, such as fuel quality and different air conditions, material characteristics, are used in particular such as the condition of an interior wall or a chemical variable such as an acid value. Furthermore, it is also advantageous to include an operating state of at least a part of a connected system in the correlation as a parameter relating to a state in the interior. In the case of boiler systems, an internal state can be determined, for example, by the load driven or the type of mill switching. Also taking into account the aging condition of the surfaces to be cleaned and thus of shifts compared to a former one The established reference state is an important, considerable parameter for the correlation. For an exact movement of a cleaning figure on the surface to be cleaned, the cleaning medium itself must also be taken into account according to the invention. Parameters such as the exit pressure, the volume flow or the exit speed from the lance blower are important for the calculation or determination of the impact spot. In particular, these parameters can also be controlled or even regulated by means of suitable devices, for example using a corresponding control loop which regulates the correlation for the positioning of the lance blower. The composition of the cleaning medium can also be adapted to the surfaces to be cleaned using suitable means. The lance blower itself also has an influence on the blow figure to be executed and the cleaning figure on the surface to be cleaned due to its structural geometry. In addition to the location of the attachment of the lance blower, the dimensioning of the nozzle plays an important role in how the expelled cleaning medium behaves in the interior to be cleaned. Depending on the predefinable surface to be cleaned, the nozzle geometry can therefore be adapted in a further development. This can be done by exchanging the nozzle or using suitable attachments.

A favorable embodiment of the invention provides that a scheduled cleaning figure is specified and the cleaning medium executes this on the surface to be cleaned in the interior via a suitable correlation.

For a statement regarding the condition of the surface to be cleaned or the cleaning success, it is expedient to make a registration of the impact spot and at least one parameter of the correlation over the time of cleaning, over a longer period of time or only for a point in time. In this way it can be determined whether cleaning was successful or whether this must be done again. It can also be determined from this data whether, for example, with the same or different values. B. the cleaning medium such as pressure or mass flow should be worked so that an effective, but not harmful cleaning can be carried out. A further development provides that registered measurements are evaluated to such an extent that future favorable cleaning figures are determined. This can also include the time of an upcoming cleaning. Depending on the operating state of a boiler, for example, cleaning can mean considerable losses in the boiler's output. This is noticeable when the boiler is operated at low load due to a significant reduction in efficiency.

Further advantages and properties of the invention are explained in more detail using a preferred exemplary embodiment and the following drawings. Favorable further developments also result from combinations of the disclosed features.

Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a controllable water lance blower in a side view,

FIG. 2 shows the controllable water lance blower from FIG. 1 in a further side view, FIG. 3 shows the water lance blower from FIG. 1 with a corresponding coordinate system, FIG. 4 shows a geometry of a heatable interior in the configuration of a combustion chamber part, FIG. 5 shows a principle of a correction - Procedure of a control on the

Combustion chamber part of Figure 4, Figure 6 is a coordinate detection of the water lance position in Figure 5 and Figure 7 shows an operation of a correction method.

Figure 1 is used for illustration and shows a controllable water lance blower in a side view. In the wall 1 of a heating system there is a hatch 2 with bevels 3 and 4 inwards. In the hatch 2 there is the movement point 5 of the water lance 6 in the form of a pivot bearing or ball joint for the water lance 6 which is fixed in its center 6 has fastening points 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 at the rear end, in which the lance-side ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 are rotatably fastened, but cannot be displaced on the lance. The rear ends of the movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 can be rotated into the fixed bearings 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, e.g. Kugelgelen¬ ke, involved. The water enters the lance 6 via a connection 10 and a water supply 11 as a water guide 20 in the form of a pressure-resistant flexible hose. The water lance blower is surrounded by numerous components, some of which hinder the installation. For example, A steam pipe 13 and the fixed bearing 9.1 are attached to a first support 12 above the hatch 2. A second support 14 is arranged at a short distance, to the right of hatch 2. At this end, a light grating 15 serving as a working platform ends on the right. The second support 14 also delimits the railings 16 and 17 and the walking and working platform 15 and holds a control cabinet 18. The distance between the steam pipe 13 and the outer skin 19 of the Wall 1 is severely restricted.

The lance end can be pivoted by means of its movement elements 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 vertically in the swivel range S from above “o” to the bottom “u” and in its horizontal region (not shown) from the left “1” to the right “r”. With predetermined controlled distances between points 9.1-7.1 and 9.3-7.3, each position of the lance is clearly fixed together with the front pivot bearing 5 of the lance 6.

On the movement elements 8.1 to 8.3 there are control elements, not shown in FIG. 1, which adjust the lengths of the movement elements as a function of the specified blow figure and the measured values of the displacement transducers 44 shown, the position of the water lance. In each working position of the lance, each movement element 8.1-8.3 will perform a change in length and speed of change depending on the spatial geometry of the distances, angular relationships and the geometric location of the brackets 7.1-7.3 and fixed bearings 9.1-9.3, which will coordinate the lance movement and the guidance of the water ¬ execute beam. For this purpose, means 45 for registering and for controlling the movement of the movement elements are located on one side of the second carrier 14. However, the location of the control means is not dependent on the immediate proximity to the water lance blower. Connected to the lance blower via suitable data transmission paths 46, the control means can also be installed in a control room so that they can be accessed quickly.

In an exemplary embodiment according to the invention, after the water lance blower has been installed, the geometry between movement point 5, attachment points on the water lance 7.1-7.3 and fixed bearings 9.1-9.3 is measured, the results are entered into a computer program and the change of each movement element is given for given blow figures. and / or stored depending on the blowing time and transmitted to the movement elements via the control elements during operation. In a further exemplary embodiment, the distances of the movement elements can be adjusted during the setting phase of the working areas via the primary movement of the lance or a locking device (not shown) on the end of the lance, which is mechanically coupled to an adjustment device for the blowing paths. The changes in length of the individual movement elements resulting with each movement of the adjusting device and locking are registered and stored via the displacement transducers. Any blowing figures can be specified using the setting device. After removing the setting device and commissioning the control and water blower, the saved movements are executed.

2 and 3, the solution according to the invention will be explained in more detail below using an example:

1 after assembly with a centered lance position axially in the movement point 5, subsequent geometric dimensions for the position of the movement elements 8.1-8.3, their fixed bearings 9.1-9.3 and fastening points 7.1-7.3 on the water lance 6 with respect to the central pivot point of the pivoting device 5, which is set as geometric point 0, have:

Pivotal point of part no. geometric point X Y z

5 0 0 0

7, 1 ^X 7, I ^Y 7, I Z7.1

7.2 X ₇₎ 2 ^Y 7.2 ^Z 7.2

7.3 ^X 7.3 ^Y 7.3 ^Z 7.3

9, 1 ^X 9, I ^Y 9, I ^Z 9, I 9.2 To 2 ** • 2 ^ 9 ">

9.3 ^X 9.3 ^X 9.3 ^Z 9.3

Of course, the coordinates given in Figs. 2 and 3 and the above table only apply to point-like pivot points, e.g. in the form of a ball joint. In the simplified solution shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 with eye-shaped and ring-shaped connecting elements, any corrections are still to be made at the pivot point. These can be set during testing, since there is a necessary tolerance range for all mechanical movements of the movement elements.

About the pivot point with the coordinates X; Y; Z = 0, the movement point 5, the geometric, theoretical coordinates of the wall areas to be cleaned and their boundaries are determined by the fact that the geometric straight line of the theoretical jet of the water of the lance 6 on the wall surfaces of the heating system is one, everyone Lance position assigned geometric point 12 determined on the wall. These coordinates can be used in the context of the invention for determining corrective values of the water lance position.

The geometry of a combustion chamber part is recorded in FIG. 4. In the lower part there are six burner openings B, in the upper part six flue gas return openings R. The state of assembly of a water lance 6 according to FIGS. 2, 3 is shown with its movement point 5. For the horizontal plane "W" with the coordinates Y = 0, the blowing limit G _{r is} obtained on the combustion chamber wall W _{b, and} the blowing limit G 1 for the plane X = 0 results on the horizontal swiveling range S _w on the combustion chamber wall W _c on the blow chamber wall W _c from the blow limit G ₀ over the vertical swiveling range S _s the limit point G _u (top, right, ... etc. is logically arranged in mirror image to Fig. 2, 3). A coordinate of the lance position can be geometrically assigned to any further wall point in the combustion chamber. In a preferred embodiment, this is done geometrically using the existing combustion chamber dimensions, for example using a mathematical program.

In an alternative embodiment, characteristic points of the combustion chamber walls are determined by means of on-site measurements, e.g. Laser beams replacing the lance position, which are used when the boiler is at a standstill, the longitudinal and transverse expansion of the wall surfaces during boiler operation must of course be taken into account, or other suitable measuring devices also in continuous operation.

In an analogous manner, blow paths for surface areas to be cleaned are then determined geometrically in a mathematical or measuring way and entered into the control of the movement elements 8.1-8.3. An example of this is the blow figure shown in FIG. 4 for cleaning the slag whiskers below a few smoke gas suction devices R and above a smoke gas suction device. The theoretical cleaning program begins at A and ends at E. The theoretical mode of operation is such that after programming the associated theoretical path-time diagrams, e.g. in the computer or data memory of the block control system, after entering the corresponding cleaning command of the water lance blower moves to the theoretical position A (Fig. 4) and with the opening of the water supply the path-time program of the movement elements 8.1-8.3 to point E is shut down and the water supply closes again there,

The previously described programming or control of the blow figure as a so-called theoretical blow figure with a theoretical, geometrically straight water jet is included in this embodiment in the now following de, depending on a parameter relating to the interior, for example the operating state of the interior of the combustion chamber, a correction of the control.

5, the basic principle of a correction method of the control is described. A combustion chamber is delimited by the walls W _{a (1)} , W _b , W _c and W _d to be cleaned. The burner openings B _j to B ₆ are in the lower part of the walls, and the flue gas return openings R _j to R _{6 are} in the upper part. The hatch L _a is arranged centrally in the wall W _a , the hatch L _{c is} arranged in the wall W _c . In the center of the hatches there is their geometric point A or C. The points A and C are intended to arrange a horizontal geometric plane E which meets the walls W _b and W _{d in the} center in the geometric points B and D.

In an operating state Z _{j of} the combustion chamber, as shown in FIG. 5, the burners B _{1 5} B ₂ , B ₃ and B _{6 are} in operation. Based on the load level L of the boiler, for example of L, -90% and an air ratio = lambda in an operating state Zi, a predetermined amount of gas (mill feed gas and hot air) is blown into the combustion chamber. Depending on the load, fuel quantity / quality, air ratio and in particular on the mills / burner combination in operation in operating state Z _j , a flow _profile is established in the combustion chamber, which generally differs from other operating conditions. In order to illustrate this operating state Z _j , the speed profile P (AC) and P (BD) of the flame / flue gas mixture at the level of the plane W along the lines AC and BD are dash-dot-shaped in the vertical plane for the operating state Z _x and the speed centers W _j , W ₇ , W ₃ and W _{6 of} the associated flame beams as they pass through the plane W are shown in dashed lines. This velocity profile shows a concentration of the flame flow in the area of the C and B wall-side cross-sections with considerable speed increase compared to wall areas A and D.

Water lance 6 is installed in hatch 2. As an example, the drawn vertical position of this lance 6 relative to the wall W _a (lance coordinate F (0,0)) corresponding to the line AC, the geometric point C on the wall W _{c is} reached. In practice, the gravity effect of the jet would result in a parabolic jet path when the boiler is not in operation, which, drawn as a thin dotted line, hits the wall W _c at the point C _s . The upward flow in connection with the rapidly increasing flow velocities in the direction of the combustion chamber corner W _b / W _c , as already described above, leads in the operating state Z, the combustion chamber with the lance position L (0,0) to the beam guidance corresponding to the thick dotted line and to the "real meeting point" C _w . Here, the "true" area F _{w has} a flow-dependent ovality. This deviation of the water jet impact point F _w from the geometric jet coordinates of point C (0.0) of the lance position L (0.0) in its effect on the blow figure is recognized according to the invention and is not negated.

In the embodiment according to the invention of a method for determining a positioning of a controllable lance blower shown here, the lance is now shifted from the initial position L (0,0) in a sample operation Z such that the true point of impact C ^ of the jet is reliably determined and thus " true "is also met. This is achieved, for example, by determining the position L (x ₀ , y ₀ ) of the lance when the hatch L _{c is} open, in which the water jet striking the wall W _c blows clearly through the open hatch into the boiler house. Now the clearly defined "true" meeting point of point C is open the wall W _c with the theoretical guide coordinate F (0,0) is assigned the "true" lance position L (X ₀ , y ₀ ) in the control of the fan.

FIG. 6 illustrates a coordinate-based detection of the water lance position from FIG. 5. For converting the positions of the movement elements 8.1-8.3 and their fastening points 7.1-7.3 from FIGS. 1-3 into coordinates for the lance position, FIGS 5 at a distance Z _W L from the pivot point 5 (Z = 0) spanned a guide plane F. The lance axis passes through this plane F at the coordinate point Y VL _{> W} L-. Thus, each lance position with its lengths or coordinates of the movement elements 8.1-8.3 is assigned a coordinate F (Y, X). Since in the example of FIG. 5 this plane F is at an angle of 90 ° to the combustion chamber walls W _b , W _d and from 0 ° to the combustion chamber wall W _c , simplified mathematical relationships of the geometry between the lance jet direction F (Y; X) and the result theoretical point of impact of the beam on the walls mentioned above. If the true point of impact C _w is known and the operating state Z _λ is known, a corresponding coordinate assignment is carried out.

7 explains the mode of operation of a correction method from the theoretical to the "true" contact surface of the water lance blower for the example described. 4, 5 has the combustion chamber wall W _c , which is shown in Fig. 7. The wall W _{c also} has the large hatches a to g and the small hatches i to m, furthermore the suction openings R ₄ and R ₅ , the burner openings B ₄ and B ₅ . The theoretical blow figure AE shown in FIG. 4 for the cleaning of the surroundings of the flue gas re-aspirations R.1 _{, 5,6} i ^{st m} ^ its part "r" on the wall W _c starting from A, also shown in FIG. 7. On the wall W _c are shown the theoretically horizontal blowing line G _th (y = 0) of the swiveling range S _w from the left combustion chamber corner to G _1? the theoretical vertical blow line G ^ (x = 0) of the swivel range

S _s from G ₀ to G _u , - the theoretical horizontal blow line G ^ (y = G _u ) from angle 12-5-

G _u over the swivel range S _w , the theoretical horizontal blow line G ^ (y = G ₀ ) from the angle 12-5-

G ₀ over the swivel range S _w , the theoretical vertical blow line G ^ (x = G.) from the angle 12-5-G. over the swivel range S _s .

In this exemplary embodiment, the last three are boundary lines of the swivel range and, because of the geometric conditions, when the water lance blower is controlled by means of the coordinate plane F and y = const. Or x = const. Except for x = 0 or y = 0, parabolic lines. Due to the flow and gravity effects of the known and registered operating state Z ₁ , however, the blow field G ^ is further shifted by the blow jet deflection in the described blow figure limits, so that the blow limits B on the wall W _{c are} reached "true". As a result, corrections of x or y are required in operation when driving off theoretical horizontal / vertical blow lines on the wall W _c . These corrections are amplified when the blowing jet sweeps the walls offset by 90 °, here W _b .

The correction of the "true" blowing area G on the wall W _c in the direction of theoretical limits G ^ (y = G _u ), G _Λ (x = Gi), G ^ (y = G ₀ ) with the left corner limitation of W _b / W _c is as follows:

0. The theoretical limit coordinates G ^ are calculated using a mathematical program for the wall W _c and a control program F _p assigned to the coordinate plane F of the water lance blower. The field delimited by the G _th lines is analogously calculated and assigned to the entire area using individual coordinates.

1. The water lance blower control receives a search program in which the surroundings of a search coordinate are scanned step by step. A theoretical blow figure "see below" the search program is drawn in for all search coordinates for search coordinate 1 of hatch 1.

2. The theoretical coordinate 1 (x., Y.) Of the water lance blower on the guide level F (Fig. 4, 5) for the theoretical point of impact 1 is entered in the search program. Hatch 1 opens. The blow program su _j is started. Starting from theoretical coordinate 1, the water jet gradually blows off the search program below. If the blow figure reaches a coordinate at which the water jet blows clearly or maximally through hatch 1, the program is stopped or the coordinate of the water lance blower is registered on the guide level F and these "true" hit coordinates 1 '(x. \ y, ') saved under 1'. For the example of FIG. 7, this takes place on the wall W _c at the location of the theoretical coordinate 1 '. The stop time 7 _{F of} the program below on the management level F and the meeting time ^τ Wc, l on the wall W ' _P c at location 1 do not match. The

Runtime r of the jet from the nozzle outlet until it hits 1 must also be taken into account. It is experimentally or mathematically in

Dependence on the conditions of the jet exit (pressure, diameter, amount, etc.) determined.

3. In the same way as 2. This method is carried out for selected or all hatches a to m and the "true" coordinates a 'to m' are saved. In the example, the coordinates of the hatches ac are not met and are omitted for further correction.

4. The corrections dd 'to mm' are entered into the surface program F _{p of} the water lance blower coordinate plane F via a computer program and this is done via z. B. Vector correction converted to the true hit area program F _p '(Z _λ ).

5. According to 4., each coordinate on the wall W _{c is assigned} a "true" lance position via the program F _p 'in such a way that for the operating state Zi each wall coordinate is met with accuracy using the true water lance coordinates and the theoretical blow ¬ limits Gfl _j really can be reached as "true" limits.

6. For the blowing operation certain blowing figures are given on the wall. In the example, this is the blow figure AE from FIG. 4. Its theoretical blow coordinates are stored as a subroutine in the program F _p , which takes over the geometric coordinate conversion, coordinates of the movement elements 8.1-8.3 in coordinates of the control plane and geometric coordinates of the Impact points of a straight line

To transform water jets on the wall surfaces.

The program F _p 'is entered by entering operating state parameters, eg. B. Z,, the program F _p '(Z _λ ) is activated and the theoretical coordinates of the blow figure AE are converted into "true" coordinates

Converted A-E.

7. On command F _p '(Zι) _A _ _E the blow figure AE is then run with the operation of the water lance blower. There is a match achieved between theoretical or desired and true blow figure AE.

8. The correction procedure from points 2 to 6 is carried out and stored for the most important operating states or any Z _j and thus the true blow figures can be moved for different operating states Z _x .

9.1 If operating states Z _{κ are} not stored, comparisons with similar operating states Z _j can be carried out via program P _A 'and input of operating state Z _κ and thus the most suitable state can be assigned, with Z _κ = f (Z _j ), and then blow figures are driven off.

9.2 However, the correction procedure from 2 to 6 can also be carried out after selecting Z _κ = f (Z _j ). This is then operated very shortened because of the already approximated coordinates from a to m and then Z _κ = Z _i reprogrammed.

9.3 For another operating case with an unknown internal state of the combustion chamber, only the blow figure is run with the program F _p , so that the blow figure is at least corrected with regard to the wall slopes and angular relationships. After this correction, in the application example the figure boundaries G ^ again have the wall coordinates x = const. Or y = const.

In a further example, the true hit locations a to m are determined by the same method, but also by different sensor or display technologies on a combustion chamber or combustion chamber wall 1st to 3rd determined. Such technologies have already been described in detail above.

In a further method, when the water lance blower method is started up for the first time, only any theoretical blow figures according to program F _{p are operated} in operating states Z, the registered sensor or display meeting points are registered, assigned to state Z _j , and in a second approximation if the same blow figure or another blow figure is repeated, assigned to the program F _p (Z _j ) in a second approximation. In this way, a maximum blowing accuracy of the figures, but also a constant correction of true blowing coordinates can be achieved by superimposing several approximations and thus measurements.

Reference list

1 wall

2 hatch

3 internal overhang

4 external overhang

5 movement point, ball joint

6 water lance

7.1-7.3 Attachment points on the water lance

8.1-8.3 Movement elements

9.1-9.3 Fastening points on the heating system

10 water connection

11 water supply

12 first carrier

13 steam pipe

14 second carrier

15 light grid

16, 17 railings

18 control cabinet, control cabinet

19 Outer skin of the heating system

20 water flow

44 displacement transducers

45 means for control and / or registration

46 Data transmission path

Δ Alpha change in angle of rotation

Δ L path change

T Jet travel time from the nozzle to the surface A beginning

A, B, C, D center point in a hatch

B, B1-B6 burner opening

C _{S point of} impact of the water jet with a parabolic jet path

C _w true point of impact

E end, horizontal geometric plane

FP control program

^F 0 coordinate

Fw water jet hit area

G limit points

^G l, r, o, u blowing limit

^G th theoretical blowing line

L'a.c hatch

L Boiler load level, lance position ^p o Speed profile

R, R1-R6 flue gas suction opening

S work area

Ss vertical swivel range s _w horizontal swivel range w plane

^W a, b, c, d combustion chamber wall

W, water lance

^W l, 2,3,6 speed center

X, Y, z coordinates

Z _j stored operating state ^z unsaved operating state

^Z l operating status at the hatch coordinator

1 left, theoretical point of impact

1 'true point of impact

0 top right

SU _j theoretical blow figure u below

Claims

claims

1. A method for determining a positioning of a controllable lance blower for cleaning a predeterminable surface of a heatable interior, preferably a furnace, in which deposits are deposited, characterized in that

at least one impact spot of a cleaning medium of the lance blower on a surface of the interior to be cleaned and

at least one position of at least part of the lance blower, by means of which the outflow direction of the cleaning medium from the lance blower can be determined, determined and registered, and

a correlation is established between at least the impact spot and the position including at least one parameter relating to the state in the interior,.

wherein the correlation makes it possible to determine the positioning of the lance blower for cleaning the predefinable surface for the respective state in the interior.

2. Method for cleaning a heatable interior, preferably a furnace, in which deposits are deposited, with a controllable lance blower, the cleaning medium of which is intended to strike a predeterminable surface of the interior to be cleaned, with a given control of the lance blower corresponding to the state in the interior and / or correlation associated with the condition of the cleaning medium is superimposed in such a way that the predeterminable surface to be cleaned is hit as planned by the cleaning medium in every condition in the interior.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the correlation is based on the observation of at least one impact spot of the cleaning medium on a surface of the interior in certain conditions in the interior and at least one known position of at least part of the lance blower, through which the outflow direction of the Cleaning medium from the lance blower can be determined.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that at least a part of the lance blower is positioned and / or that a value, such as a pressure, a volume flow or a flow rate, which characterizes the cleaning medium, so ge¬ controls or it is regulated that the predeterminable surface to be cleaned is hit on schedule by the cleaning medium.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impact spot is determined by means of perception, preferably by means of sensors in the walls or optical devices to be cleaned.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impact spot is determined by means of a physical and / or chemical effect of the impinging cleaning agent, in particular a shock effect on a surface of the interior.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a relationship is created between the impact spot and a theoretical jet target point of the cleaning medium, which can be obtained from the geometry of the position of the cleaning device, on the surface of the interior to be cleaned, which relationship is created in the Correlation is received, in particular that a correction value is included in the correlation if there is a deviation between the target point and the impact spot of the cleaning medium.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that known impact spots and positions, preferably at least three values each, in the form of coupled vector fields as reference values in the correlation, in particular for determining fictitious impact spots.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a mathematical model of the interior for at least approximate determination of a fictitious impact spot in the correlation goes, in particular a modeling taking into account several parameters that characterize the state of the interior terize.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that an impact spot and an associated position of the lance blower during operation of the interior, in particular a boiler, are obtained under defined conditions, preferably also simultaneously a parameter that the state of Characterized interior, is also won.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that an impact spot in the immediate vicinity of an area at risk from the cleaning medium, such as a burner opening, or on an opening, preferably hatch, of a wall surface to be cleaned, is determined.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the correlation is checked whether the cleaning medium strikes the predetermined area to be cleaned, preferably a correction of the correlation is carried out if necessary.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a state of the interior, in particular a local state, is characterized by the parameter related to the interior, preferably a pressure, a speed, a temperature, a mass flow, its composition, a material characterizing and / or a chemical quantity.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a parameter related to the interior, in relation to the interior operating state of at least part of an associated system is characterized, preferably a power, a mass flow, a mill operation and / - or a time or a period.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that at least one parameter of the cleaning medium, preferably a pressure, a volume flow or a flow rate, goes into the correlation.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that at least one parameter characterizing the lance blower, preferably a value of a nozzle of the lance blower for the cleaning medium, goes into the correlation.

17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a registration of the impact spot and at least one parameter of the correlation over time or a period of time, preferably for comparison by means of stored values to form a statement about the cleaning success and / or one Condition of the cleaned or the surface to be cleaned.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that a pending cleaning process is influenced with the aid of values that result from a cleaning process carried out.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the presence and / or the size and / or the spatial distribution of the cleaning medium is determined at a point of impact.

20. Controllable lance blower for cleaning a heatable interior, in particular a furnace, in which deposits are deposited, the cleaning medium of which is to be cleaned on a surface of the

Interior should hit, characterized in that it has a programmable control of the lance blower and means for storing at least one correlation to the scheduled cleaning of the surface to be cleaned depending on the condition in the interior.

21. Controllable lance blower according to claim 20, characterized in that it has a controllable positioning of the outlet direction of the cleaning medium in the interior.

22. Controllable lance blower according to claim 20 or 21, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that it has means for influencing the cleaning medium, in particular means for controlling or regulating the cleaning medium.

23. Controllable lance blower according to claim 20, 21 or 22, characterized in that it has means for determining and / or registering the point of impact of the cleaning medium to be cleaned

Surface and / or the position of a part of the device.

24. Controllable lance blower according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that it has means for detecting at least one parameter relating to the condition in the interior, in particular one of the load condition, the cleaning medium and / or a

System, with which the interior is connected, related parameters.

25. Controllable lance blower according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that it has means for registering and evaluating a cleaning carried out, preferably for controlling a subsequent cleaning.

26. Controllable lance blower according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that it has means for regulating the impingement of the cleaning medium on the surface to be cleaned.