EP1979701B1 - Device with fluid distributor and measured value recording and method for operating of a boiler - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device comprising a fluid distributor which has at least one flow channel with an inlet opening and an outlet opening, wherein the inlet opening is connectable to a supply line for a fluid and means for moving the fluid distributor are provided. Such devices can be used, for example, for cleaning boilers of a combustion plant. Moreover, the invention also relates to a method for operating a flue gas-flowed boiler with such a device.

In connection with the operation of incinerators, it is of particular interest to achieve a high efficiency in energy conversion. For this purpose, the hot flue gas is passed in a plurality of heat exchangers, so that the heat is transferred to a heat exchange medium flowing in the heat exchangers, in particular water. On contact of the hot flue gas with these heat exchangers, however, impurities, soot and the like stick to those which in the medium term hinder the heat transfer from the flue gas to the heat exchange medium: Therefore, it is necessary at predetermined intervals to free the heat exchanger from these impurities.

For cleaning these heat exchange surfaces or the boiler wall, for example, cleaning devices are used, as for example in the WO 96/38704 are described. A space-saving cleaning device also goes from the EP 1 259 762 B1 out.

This cleaning device, in particular a so-called water lance blower, has a water lance, with a bundled jet of water through the boiler room on an opposite wall or a heat exchanger can be discharged, thereby removing the impurities adhering there. Such cleaning may occur during operation of the incinerator. To carry out this cleaning process, the impingement region of the water jet is guided along a predetermined path on the surface to be cleaned, also called a blown figure. The path is generally meandering and specifically targets obstacles, openings or other sensitive areas in the cleaning area. Due to the kinetic water jet energy and the sudden evaporation of water penetrated in the pores of the deposits, a spalling of the soot, slag and ash is caused.

In addition, it is known to check or monitor the contamination of the heat exchange surfaces or the boiler wall with various sensors and then perform a targeted cleaning. So goes for example from the DE 196 40 337 a method for evaluating and cleaning slags on a heating surface, wherein the temperature of the heat exchange medium is measured on selected pipes of the heating surface inside a steam boiler. This measured temperature is compared with a reference temperature of a clean heating surface. As a result of this comparison can now be decided whether the heat transfer is still sufficient, or whether a cleaning must be performed. Furthermore, goes from the DE 196 05 287 a method and apparatus for controlling the travel time of a boiler. It is also proposed that it is useful for the generation of further information about the deposition mechanism or passing ash particles to detect the temperature distribution of the environment of the deposit and analyze. This z. B. hot ash particles are detected, which can lead to caking upstream of the boiler wall or the internals. For detecting such information, it is proposed to provide a deposition sensor protruding into the vessel, for example a CCD camera. A particularly effective and easy to perform method for selective cleaning is also from the DD 281452 B5 in which the boiler walls to be cleaned are divided into separate areas and monitored. Only when predetermined parameters are reached are cleaning processes specifically initiated for these separate areas.

Other methods of monitoring combustion parameters or monitoring deposits inside the boiler are thermography, sonic pyrometry or infrared pyrometry. With the aid of such data acquisition systems, information about the temperature of objects inside the boiler, the temperature of the flue gas, the flow velocity of the flue gas, adhering impurities, etc. can be determined.

The systems currently in use for monitoring the combustion processes, the degree of slagging of the heat exchangers, the cleaning of heat exchangers and the control of these individual processes are still very complex and expensive. Also, there is at least a partial lack of the possibility to check information obtained, so that in many cases unnecessary cleaning processes are carried out. In addition, incinerators that are not yet running with a monitoring system with regard to the combustion processes inside the boiler, can be retrofitted at very high cost, often the boiler wall must be broken. Consequently, a relatively long standstill of the boiler is required for the installation.

On this basis, it is an object of the present invention, at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art. In particular, devices and methods are to be specified which lead to a more efficient operation of a combustion plant. In addition, should also one Possibility to specify how already existing incineration plant can be quickly and inexpensively supplemented with boiler room monitoring.

These objects are achieved with a device according to the features of patent claim 1 and a method for operating a flue gas-flowed vessel according to the features of claim 13. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent formulated claims. It should be noted that the features listed individually in the claims can be combined with each other in any technologically meaningful manner, and show further embodiments of the invention. The description also discloses, in particular in connection with the figures, further developments of the invention,

The device according to the invention therefore comprises a fluid distributor which has at least one flow channel with an inlet opening and an outlet opening, wherein the inlet opening is connectable to a supply line for a fluid and means for moving the fluid distributor are provided, and in which additionally means for detecting an environmental parameter Outlet opening are provided therethrough.

A "fluid distributor" means, in particular, a tube-like construction which comprises a flow channel in its center. As a rule, the fluid distributor is an elongated tube, wherein curvatures, widenings or constrictions (for example for influencing the flow behavior of the fluid), connections, attachments and the like can be provided near at least one end region. The fluid distributor in particular represents a so-called blow pipe for a cleaning device. Even if it is quite possible that the device has a plurality of fluid distributors and / or a fluid distributor has a plurality of flow channels. However, it is preferred that the device be implemented with a single fluid manifold having a single flow channel. The entrance opening may also include adapters, ports, valves and the like, so that a supply line for a fluid (water, steam, air, etc.) can be fastened to the fluid distributor so that the connection can withstand high speeds of movement or acceleration in operation. The lead is advantageously flexible and should be at least partially high temperature resistant. One possibility with regard to the configuration of such a supply line is a metal hose, wherein this may also comprise a plurality of concentric hose sheaths.

Furthermore, means for moving the fluid distributor are provided. These means may include mechanical, magnetic, electromechanical, pneumatic or other drives. By "moving" is meant in particular a pivoting, but it is also possible that in this case a rotation and / or displacement of the fluid distributor takes place. In principle, it is also possible that several types of movement overlap, at least temporarily.

According to the invention, means are additionally provided for detecting an environmental parameter through the outlet opening. The means may in particular comprise sound generators, sound receivers, optical aggregates (camera, pyrometers, lasers, etc.), radiation conductors, sensors, holders for at least one of the aforementioned elements and the like. By environmental parameter is meant in particular a state variable inside the boiler, such as the internal temperature of the boiler, the flow velocity and / or temperature of the flue gas, the distance to an object inside the boiler, the degree of fumigation of the heat exchangers, the reflection behavior of components and / or internals of the boiler or similar. In particular, the environmental parameter also includes mean values, area and / or spatial distributions of the parameter, the change behavior of the parameter and the like. Even if it is fundamentally possible to detect various environmental parameters at the same time or at different times, a simple construction of the device with means for detecting exactly one environmental parameter is preferred. The detection outside the fluid distributor or inside the boiler environmental parameter is carried out through the outlet opening, which can take place without contact. Accordingly, it is for example possible that the means for detecting an environmental parameter do not protrude beyond the outlet opening of the fluid distributor and / or (at least temporarily) are in direct contact with the interior of the boiler.

The advantage of the device is that the fluid distributor can now not only be used as a cleaning device, but receives a further function. In this case, for example, the drives of the fluid distributor or of the device can be used for the variable use of the means for detecting the environmental parameter. Also, systems that already incorporate such a fluid distributor can be easily retrofitted with such an environmental parameter acquisition system because only the fluid distributor needs to be replaced. New holes or hatches can be avoided in a boiler wall. The quick replacement of the fluid distributor also ensures that long downtimes of the boiler can be avoided.

According to a refinement of the device, it is advantageous if the means for detecting an environmental parameter comprise at least one measuring transducer which is arranged in connection to the at least one flow channel. On the one hand, this may mean, on the one hand, that the measuring transducer itself can be positioned inside the at least one flow channel. The transducer can then be permanently positioned there, but it is also possible that this is only temporarily positioned during operation of the device in the flow channel. It is also possible that the transducer itself is positioned in a side room or at a distance from the flow channel, wherein then optionally a signal conductor is at least temporarily introduced into the flow channel.

With regard to the means for detecting an environmental parameter, it is preferred that these comprise at least one pyrometer. Basically, this is in particular a sound pyrometer or an infrared pyrometer in question. In a sound pyrometer, sound transmitters and sound receivers are positioned in one or more devices. Then sound pulses are emitted, which due to the temperature dependence of the speed of sound knowledge of the temperature and / or the flue gas velocity can be obtained. In this way, however, measured values can only be generated in certain positions of the fluid distributor, since transmitter and receiver must be exactly aligned with one another. Accordingly, the use of an infrared pyrometer, also called radiation thermometer is preferred. This is used in particular for non-contact temperature measurement. The infrared radiation of the flue gases, the flames or the objects inside the boiler can thus be determined. The basis is the so-called Stefan-Bolzmann-law, according to which the total radiation power for an ideal black body depends on the absolute temperature. Preference is given to an infrared pyrometer whose spectral range comprises 3.9 μm and / or 1.1 μm.

According to a further development of the device, it is proposed that the means for detecting an environmental parameter are arranged at least partially in a side channel which can be end-coupled by the flow channel. This basically creates the possibility of decoupling the measurement process and fluid distribution. For this purpose, the fluid distributor is advantageously designed with a curvature near the inlet opening, so that the secondary channel can extend substantially in alignment with the outlet opening. In order to prevent the fluid from coming into contact with the means for detecting an environmental parameter, this secondary channel can be decoupled. For this purpose, seals, valves, flow flaps or the like may be provided. In principle, it is also possible that the secondary channel has a connection point which can be completely closed with a closure flap or the like. In this case, the means for detecting an environmental parameter may also be temporary be removed from the fluid manifold. However, a permanent connection between the means for detecting the environmental parameter and the fluid distributor is preferred, because in this way the repetition of the exact alignment during assembly can be avoided. Additionally or alternatively, means may also be provided for protecting the means for detecting an environmental parameter with respect to the temperatures, gases and / or pressures prevailing inside the boiler.

Furthermore, it is also advantageous that elements for holding the means for detecting an environmental parameter are provided in the at least one flow channel. This applies, for example, to the case in which a signal conductor is arranged in the interior of the flow channel. To align this now to the outlet opening, it may be necessary to fix it centrally in the flow space. For this purpose, separate elements may be provided temporarily or permanently in the flow channel. By way of example, as an example of a permanently integrated element, mention should be made of a flow influencer which is intended to calm the fluid (after flowing through a bend) near the inlet. This flow influencer can now be equipped with such elements for holding the transducers.

According to a further development of the device, the means for moving the fluid distributor comprise a swivel drive with at least two drives which can be controlled independently of one another. Very particular preference is the embodiment with two linear drives, which are designed in particular in modular design. The pivot drive realized, for example, independently adjustable pivoting angle in the horizontal and vertical direction of up to 110 °. With regard to the design of the drives is particularly on the WO 01/65179 A1 directed. The local description of the drives can also be used here for a more detailed description.

Furthermore, it is also proposed that means for determining the position of the fluid distributor are provided. In particular, the means for determining the position are combined with the drives of a pivoting operation. Thus, for example, displacement and / or angle and / or speed sensors can be provided, which are coupled to parts of the drives. Thus, due to the travels of the drives can draw exact conclusions about the position of the fluid distributor. The position determination includes, for example, the position of the fluid distributor with respect to a reference point of the device and / or the orientation of the fluid distributor and / or the inclination of the fluid distributor to the vessel wall. In addition, it is possible that limit switches or the like are provided, which can serve, for example, before the start of operation of the device as a reference point for the subsequent position determination.

According to a further embodiment of the device, this comprises a cleaning device for a boiler through which flue gas flows. This is in particular a cleaning device, the fluid distributor is designed in the manner of a blowpipe that can be permanently positioned pivotally in the wall of a boiler.

In this device, it is particularly preferred that the fluid distributor has a nozzle for forming a fluid jet comprising at least one of the components water and steam, wherein the nozzle forms the outlet opening. With "nozzle" is in particular a tapered cross-section of the flow channel of the fluid distributor in the region of the outlet opening In this case, the outlet opening ultimately has a diameter in the range from 6 mm to 8 mm. Through this nozzle, a measuring jet as well as a fluid jet can now be discharged into inner regions of the vessel. In this case, the fluid jet and the measuring beam can preferably bridge distances of up to 5 meters, possibly even 10 meters or even up to 18 meters.

Furthermore, a boiler of a combustion plant with at least one device of the type described above according to the invention is proposed, in which the fuel distributor is movably arranged in a boiler wall so that the outlet opening is located inside the boiler. Preference is given to the embodiment that several devices are mounted in or on the boiler.

About the projecting into the interior of the boiler outlet opening of the fluid distributor fluid jets or measuring beams can be delivered, which can reach at least a major part of the interior of the boiler. On the one hand, this has the advantage that with the aid of the fluid jets the heat exchange bodies or boiler walls which can be reached by the fluid distributor can be freed of impurities, but at the same time relatively large areas can be achieved with the measuring jets. The provision of several devices now makes it possible for areas inside the boiler to be reached by a plurality of measuring beams of different devices, whereby very precise information about the environmental parameter can be obtained by superimposing the measured values obtained.

It is particularly advantageous that at least two devices are provided in a horizontal plane portion of the boiler. By a "horizontal plane portion" is meant in particular a portion of the interior of the vessel which has two substantially horizontal end portions and extends over a certain height. The height of this plane section is selected taking into account the movement of the fluid distributor or the accessibility of the interior with the measuring beam. The at least two devices can be arranged opposite one another and / or substantially at right angles to one another in order to be able to use simple calculation algorithms in the processing of the measurement signals and to enable a broad coverage inside the vessel. "Opposite" is regularly not to be understood that the devices face each other exactly in alignment. Rather, a certain offset of both devices within the plane section is preferred. If necessary, you can Also, other devices may be provided in the one horizontal plane section. A "right-angled" arrangement is given in particular when the fluid distributors are aligned in their non-pivoted position substantially perpendicular to each other. Particularly preferred is an embodiment, wherein the plurality of devices are arranged over the circumference of the plane portion with a substantially equal distance from each other. These multiple fluid distributors are preferably used to collectively monitor a (horizontal) boiler compartment section for an environmental parameter. In particular, it is also possible to check this boiler chamber section with regard to different environmental parameters (temperature, position of the flames of the fire, flow paths of the flue gas, contamination of the boiler wall and the like), possibly using different means for detecting an environmental parameter and / or the existing one Means for detecting an environmental parameter is operated differently (eg with other wavelengths, frequencies, intensities, etc.).

Furthermore, it is proposed with respect to the boiler that data processing means for signals of the means for detecting an environmental parameter and the means for determining the position of the at least one fluid distributor are provided. The data processing means may be equipped with software which correlates and processes the signals or measured values of the means for detecting an environmental parameter and the means for determining the position of the at least one fluid distributor. In particular, in this way the measured values of the environmental parameter inside the boiler can be precisely localized. By superimposing several such environmental parameters, eg. B. with respect to horizontal or vertical reference planes, exact environmental parameter profiles in a plane or even in the three-dimensional space of the boiler can be generated and displayed. Thus, for example, temperature and / or velocity distributions of the flue gas and optionally position and / or behavior of the flame inside the Determine boiler. As a result, the heat flows, the degree of slagging, the adhesion probability, the heat exchange behavior and / or further characteristic values can be predicted and / or generated spatially and / or area-related. The data processing means can also be equipped with reference values and / or reference curves of the detected environmental parameter, so that a comparison of the current measured values with these reference values or curves can be made. This allows conclusions about the combustion and / or heat exchange processes in the incinerator. This makes it possible to represent particularly accurate images of the processes inside the boiler. For this purpose, the data processing means may be equipped with storage media and / or visualization means. The data processing means may be designed as a separate structural unit or else as a wedge of a control with regard to the incinerator, the boiler and / or the device. In addition, it is also possible that the data processing means cooperate with "self-learning" logic units, so that the evaluation and / or prognosis of the measurement results can be improved with the operating time.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method is proposed for operating a flue gas-flowed boiler, wherein the boiler has at least one device according to the above-mentioned type, wherein by means of the device temporarily distributes a fluid in the boiler and temporarily includes an environmental parameter inside the boiler becomes. Particularly preferred is the embodiment of the method, in which the distribution of the fluid and the detection of the environmental parameter is carried out in separate time intervals. Accordingly, the device is used in a time interval for distributing the fluid or for cleaning the boiler, while the device is used at a different time interval for detecting at least one environmental parameter. Most preferably, the at least one device is moved during the different time intervals with different motion sequences, wherein, for example, during a cleaning process or during the fluid distribution, a meander-shaped blowing pattern is traversed away and / or speed-dependent, while in the time interval for detecting the environmental parameter z. B. a line-shaped or plane-shaped scanning of the interior of the boiler takes place. It is particularly advantageous if a drive system is provided for the device, which can be controlled separately and independently with regard to the direction of movement. This leads to the advantage that the device, which was originally used, for example, only for the cleaning process, can now also be used for data acquisition. By means of the system according to the invention for measured value acquisition, a simple retrofitting of known cleaning systems can also be carried out. For this purpose, a fluid distributor only has to be supplemented with means for acquiring an environmental parameter, wherein possibly also the associated operating software has to be adapted.

In addition, it is advantageous that the temperature distribution in the boiler is detected as an environmental parameter. In particular, the temperature distribution of the flue gas during operation of the boiler or the incinerator is meant. Thus, a so-called online diagnosis of the combustion behavior (boiler monitoring) is possible. In particular, the position of the temperature maxima with respect to a cross section of the boiler or even a longitudinal section of the boiler can thus be determined. In view of the fact that for a uniform use of the heat energy of the flue gas and to avoid local accumulations of impurities as centric alignment of these maximum temperatures in the boiler is desired, if necessary, a correction of the combustion processes can be made quickly. The online temperature measurement can also be used to analyze the position of the flame in the boiler and to influence it if necessary.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the method, the signals of the means for detecting an environmental parameter of a plurality of devices are superimposed so that a local assignment of a measured value in the boiler he follows. For this purpose, the measuring beams of the plurality of devices are at least temporarily superimposed, so that, for example, various intersection points or intersection planes are formed. By superimposing the environmental parameters, particularly accurate measured values (for example, the temperature distribution) can be generated.

Furthermore, it is also possible that the detected environmental parameter is compared with a reference value and, depending on this comparison, at least measures for activating a cleaning process or for influencing the combustion process are carried out. Particular preference is given to a method in which, depending on the comparison, both measures for activating a cleaning process and for influencing the combustion process can be carried out. With regard to the measures for activating a cleaning process, it is possible, for example, to make a selection of the device (s) to be activated for cleaning, with the operating mode of the device additionally being able to be adapted. Moreover, it is possible by the nature of the firing, in particular the supply of combustion media and / or oxidizing agents (for example air), to achieve a change in the heat flows inside the boiler. Thus, the combustion processes can be controlled from this comparison, in which a corresponding positioning of the combustion media and / or a qualitative and / or quantitative influence on the Oxidationsmittelzufur takes place. This results in more efficient heat transfer from the hot flue gas to the heat exchange means in the heat exchangers and / or to reduce contaminants adhering to the heat exchangers, such as ash, soot and slag.

Finally, it is also proposed that the environmental parameters detected by the device be combined with measured values of further sensors of the boiler. This means in particular that in addition to the means for detecting an environmental parameter of the device further sensors in or on Boilers are positioned, which also allow conclusions about one (the same or another) environmental parameters of the boiler. For example, sensors like those in the DE 196 40 337 are proposed to be provided in the boiler. The measured values generated by means of the sensors near the boiler wall can now be correlated with the measured values obtained with the device according to the invention. This makes it possible to detect whether there is actually a poor heat transfer at one point or the hot flue gas does not flow past in the desired manner at this point. This avoids interpretation errors and unnecessary cleaning processes.

Fig. 1

eine erste Ausführungsvariante einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,

Fig. 2:

eine weitere Ausführungsvariante einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung als Reinigungsgerät,

Fig. 3:

einen Teilschnitt durch eine Verbrennungsanlage mit mehreren erfin- dungsgemäßen Reinigungsgeräten,

Fig. 4:

ein Ergebnis einer Messwerterfassung in einem horizontalen Schnitt durch den Kessel, und

Fig. 5:

einen Verlauf des erfassten Umgebungsparameters in einem vertikalen Schnitt des Kessels.

The invention and the technical environment will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying figures. It should be noted that the figures show particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, but this is not limited thereto. They show schematically:

Fig. 1

a first embodiment of a device according to the invention,

Fig. 2:

a further embodiment of a device according to the invention as a cleaning device,

3:

a partial section through an incinerator with several cleaning devices according to the invention,

4:

a result of a data acquisition in a horizontal section through the boiler, and

Fig. 5:

a course of the detected environmental parameter in a vertical section of the boiler.

In Fig. 1 a device 1 is shown, which comprises a fluid distributor 2, which has a flow channel 3 and with an inlet opening 4 and an outlet opening 5 is executed. The fluid enters via the inlet opening 4 in the fluid distributor 2 in the manner of a blowpipe, flows through the curvature 21 and then exits via the, formed with a nozzle 14, outlet opening 5 as a fluid jet 15 from. It is the fluid jet 15 possible to bridge distances up to 30 m. This fluid jet 15 is used in particular for cleaning accessible heat exchangers and / or areas of the boiler wall. In order to achieve the largest possible areas, the fluid distributor 2 is pivotally positioned in a bearing 22 of the boiler wall 17. The bearing 22 is designed so that the fluid distributor 2 can be pivoted at an angle 25 (from one extreme position to the opposite in the range of approximately 90 degrees or even 110 degrees). In addition, it is preferred that the bearing 22 optionally permits a (partial) rotation of the fluid distributor 2, but a movement in the axial direction is prevented. To perform this pivoting movement, a pivot drive (not shown) may be provided outside of the boiler, which is mounted on the outside of the boiler wall 17. This rotary actuator now acts on a part of the fluid distributor located outside the boiler and controls its pivotal movement with arbitrary, freely definable movement speeds.

The illustrated fluid distributor 2 also has, in the region of the curvature 21, a secondary channel 9 in which a measuring transducer 7 is provided. The orientation of the secondary channel 9 is such that an aligned arrangement of transducer 7 and outlet opening 5 is given. In order to avoid that the fluid during the cleaning process can flow into subregions of the secondary channel 9 or towards the measuring transducer 7, a shut-off 20, for example in the form of a valve, is provided. The transducer 7 is particularly suitable to determine by means of infrared radiation, the temperature outside the outlet opening in the interior of the boiler.

Fig. 2 now illustrates an apparatus which is designed as a cleaning device 12 for a flue gas-flowed boiler. This is the fluid distributor 2 pivotally mounted in a hatch 24 of the boiler wall 17. To realize a pivoting region 27 of the fluid distributor 2, two modular drives 11 are provided in the manner of a linear drive. A drive 11 is fixed and movable on the other drive 11 for this purpose. The vertically arranged drives 11 are independently controllable, so that the articulation of the fluid distributor can reach any point within the process area 26. The fluid distributor 2 is in turn designed with an inlet opening 4, to which a supply line 6 for a fluid is connected. The flexible supply line 6 is connected, for example, with a water and / or steam supply. In order to ensure the most uniform possible configuration of the fluid jet, a Strömungsbeeinflusser 40 in the flow channel 3 of the fluid distributor 2 is provided. This comprises, for example, flow guide surfaces, which ensure a laminar flow of the fluid in the interior of the fluid distributor 2.

This fluid distributor 2 is now also equipped with means for detecting an environmental parameter through the outlet opening 5 (not shown). These means here comprise a pyrometer 8, for example an infrared pyrometer, which has a signal conductor 23, for example an optical waveguide, which extends into inner regions of the fluid distributor 2. In order to ensure an exact alignment of the signal conductor 23 to the outlet opening 5, this is fixed centrally with the Strömungsbeeinflusser 40. In principle, it is possible that this signal conductor 23 is movably arranged with respect to the fluid distributor 2 or the flow channel 3, ie, for example, during a cleaning process, in which the fluid distributor is flowed through with the cleaning fluid, at least partially removed from the fluid distributor 2.

Furthermore, the cleaning device 12 comprises a data processing system 31, which is connected on the one hand with the pyrometer 8 and on the other hand with the drives 11 of the cleaning device 12 electrically or information technology. So For example, the information obtained by means of the pyrometer 8 can be correlated together with the data which are generated via the data connections 29 from the distance measuring devices 28 of the drives 21. Depending on the characteristic values obtained therefrom, special control commands, for example, can be routed via the lines 30 back to the drives 11, so that a selective cleaning of contaminated partial areas of the boiler is carried out. Of course, the illustrated data processing system 31 may be in the same way with other or further cleaning devices 12 of the boiler in connection. The data processing system 31 may also include storage media, processors and other hardware and software.

Fig. 3 now shows schematically a cross section through a portion of an incinerator 16 with a boiler 13 which is traversed by hot flue gas. In the lower part of the boiler 13, a flame 35 is schematically illustrated, which is controlled by the burners 33. The burners 33 are used to supply combustion agents and / or oxidants. The flue gas generated in this case now flows substantially vertically upward toward the heat exchangers 34. In addition to the heat exchangers 34 illustrated above in the boiler 13, for example in the manner of a bundle of tubes, further heat exchangers can be provided in the region of the vessel wall between the flame 35 and the illustrated heat exchangers 34. The hot flue gas comes into contact with the heat exchangers 34, wherein a heat exchange medium (eg water) flowing through the heat exchangers 34 is heated and thus the heat energy of the flue gas can be utilized.

In the boiler 13, three plane sections 18 are now illustrated, which are at least partially overlapping. In each horizontal plane section 18, a plurality of devices 1 and cleaning devices 12 are provided. In the illustrated here construction of the boiler 12 having a substantially rectangular cross-section, a cleaning device 12 is provided in a plane portion 18 on each side surface. By means of these cleaning devices 12 can the opposite or laterally arranged to areas of the boiler 13 and / or there positioned heat exchanger 34 (not shown) may be optionally freed from slagging.

In the lower level section 18 is schematically illustrated how the measuring beams 32 of opposite cleaning devices 12 intersect. In each case, average values of the environmental parameter in the interior of the vessel 13 can be determined, wherein a planar or even spatial distribution of the environmental parameter can be determined by superposing these measured values obtained with the measuring beams 32.

The information obtained by means of the measuring beams 32 of the cleaning devices 12 can also be corrected, for example, with measured values or signals which were generated by further sensors 19 in the region of the boiler wall of the boiler 13. This can be obtained in a cost effective and simple manner, for example, a much higher density of information regarding the temperature distribution inside the boiler. The integration of such a measuring system in the cleaning devices 12 also has a simple retrofitting result.

In order to operate the boiler 13 efficiently, the cleaning devices 12 are connected via data links 29 to a data processing system 31. Depending on the measured values generated with the cleaning devices 12 or the resulting curves of the environmental parameter in the interior of the boiler 13, the cleaning operation of the cleaning devices 12 and the addition of combustion agents and / or oxidizing agents by means of the burners 33 can be selectively selectively influenced. For this purpose, for example, a coupling 37 of the burner 33 is provided with the data processing system 31.

The 4 and 5 now illustrate results of the measured value detection by means of the device according to the invention. In Fig. 4 is essentially horizontal cross section through a boiler 13 shown. The substantially square structure of the boiler 13 with the boiler walls 17 is not centrically flowed through by the hot flue gas. This error can be identified by the temperature distribution over this cross section. The in the FIGS. 4 and 5 given values (1080, 1060, 1040) represent data in degrees Centigrade, the lines illustrate border areas of the fields of the same temperature. As can be seen from the figures, the maximum 39 of the environmental parameter or the temperature is offset to the center 38 of the boiler 13. This is accompanied regularly also a one-sided load of the boiler 13 with respect to the slagging and / or the heat flow. After recognizing such a misalignment, either the cleaning in the area of the more heavily used or contaminated boiler walls 17 can now be initiated, but it is also advantageous to shift the position of the maximum 39 in the direction of the center 38 by influencing the combustion process.

In both 4 and 5 Additionally, by way of example, a cleaning device 12 is shown schematically in the boiler wall 17, wherein the pivoting region is illustrated in each plane. The dashed line represents the boundary region with regard to the pivoting angle for the fluid jet 15 or the measuring beam 32. In view of the fact that it has hitherto been desirable to position the cleaning devices 12 so that as far as possible all essential parts of the vessel wall 17 can be reached , this cover can now also be used for a complete detection of the environmental parameter inside the boiler 13. This cost-effective addition of such a combustion system allows selective cleaning of the boiler walls 17 of the boiler 13 and a particularly efficient operation of the incinerator.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

2

fluid distributor

3

flow channel

4

inlet opening

5

outlet opening

6

supply

7

transducer

8th

pyrometer

9

secondary channel

10

Rotary actuator

11

drive

12

cleaner

13

boiler

14

jet

15

fluid jet

16

incinerator

17

boiler wall

18

plane portion

19

sensor

20

barrier

21

curvature

22

storage

23

signal conductor

24

hatch

25

angle

26

traversing

27

swivel range

28

odometer

29

Data Connection

30

management

31

Data processing system

32

measuring beam

33

burner

34

heat exchangers

35

flame

36

connection

37

coupling

38

center

39

maximum

40

Flow influencer

Claims (17)

1. A device (1) comprising a fluid distributor (2) which has at least one flow duct (3) with an inlet opening (4) and an outlet opening (5), wherein the inlet opening (4) can be connected to a supply line (6) for a fluid, and means for moving the fluid distributor (2) are provided, characterized in that means are provided for recording an environmental parameter through the outlet opening (5).
2. The device (1) as claimed in claim 1, in which the means for recording an environmental parameter comprise at least one measured value pickup (7) which is arranged connected to the at least one flow duct (3).
3. The device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the means for recording an environmental parameter comprise at least one pyrometer (8).
4. The device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which the means for recording an environmental parameter are at least partially arranged in a secondary duct (9) which can be decoupled from the flow duct (3).
5. The device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which elements for holding the means for recording an environmental parameter are provided in the at least one flow duct (3).
6. The device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which the means for moving the fluid distributor comprise a pivoting drive (10) with at least two drives (11) which can be activated independently of each other.
7. The device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which means for determining the position of the fluid distributor (2) are provided.
8. The device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which the device comprises a cleaning appliance (12) for a boiler (13) with a throughflow of flue gas.
9. The device (1) as claimed in patent claim 8, in which the fluid distributor (2) has a nozzle (14) for forming a fluid jet (15) comprising at least one of the components water and steam, with the nozzle (14) forming the outlet opening (5).
10. A boiler (13) of a combustion system (16) with at least one device (1) as claimed in one of the preceding patent claims, in which the fluid distributor (2) is arranged movably in a boiler wall (17) in such a manner that the outlet opening (5) is located in the interior of the boiler (13).
11. The boiler (13) as claimed in patent claim 10, in which at least two devices (1) are provided in a horizontal level section (18) of the boiler (13).
12. The boiler (13) as claimed in patent claim 10 or 11, in which data processing means are provided for signals of the means for recording an environmental parameter and of the means for determining the position of the at least one fluid distributor (2).
13. A method for operation of a boiler (13) with a throughflow of flue gas, wherein the boiler (13) has at least one device (1) as claimed in one of patent claims 1 to 9, the device (1) being used to temporarily distribute a fluid in the boiler (13) and to temporarily record an environmental parameter in the interior of the boiler (13).
14. The method as claimed in patent claim 13, wherein the temperature distribution in the boiler (13) is recorded as the environmental parameter.
15. The method as claimed in patent claim 13 or 14, wherein the signals of the means for recording an environmental parameter of a plurality of devices (1) are superimposed in such a manner that a measured value is assigned locally in the boiler (13).
16. The method as claimed in one of patent claims 13 to 15, wherein the recorded environmental parameter is compared with a reference value and, as a function of said comparison, at least measures for activating a cleaning operation or for influencing the combustion operation are carried out.
17. The method as claimed in one of patent claims 13 to 16, wherein the environmental parameters recorded by the device (1) are combined with measured values of further sensors (19) of the boiler (13).

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