WO1996037537A1 - Kohlenmonoxid/olefin-copolymere - Google Patents
Kohlenmonoxid/olefin-copolymere Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996037537A1 WO1996037537A1 PCT/EP1996/001974 EP9601974W WO9637537A1 WO 1996037537 A1 WO1996037537 A1 WO 1996037537A1 EP 9601974 W EP9601974 W EP 9601974W WO 9637537 A1 WO9637537 A1 WO 9637537A1
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- elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G67/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing oxygen or oxygen and carbon, not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G65/00
- C08G67/02—Copolymers of carbon monoxide and aliphatic unsaturated compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to copolymers of carbon monoxide with olefinically unsaturated compounds, obtainable by polymerizing the monomers in the presence of a metal complex of the general formula (I)
- M is a metal from Group VIIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements
- E 1 , E 2 an element from group VA of the periodic table of the elements
- R 1 to R 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 to C 2 o carbon organic and C 3 to C 3 o organic silicon radicals, at least one of the four radicals being a non-aromatic radical.
- the present invention relates to a process for the production of such copolymers, the use of the copolymers for the production of fibers, films and moldings, and the fibers, films and moldings from the copolymers. 5
- Carbon monoxide / olefin copolymers also called polyketones, which are alternately composed of the structural element of an olefin and carbon monoxide, are e.g. from the Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 417 (1991) 235, and Adv. Polym. Sci., 73/74 (1986) 10 125ff.
- the polymers are produced by reacting the monomers in the presence of a catalyst system composed of several components.
- the components essentially consist of a transition metal compound of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements, phosphine ligands and acids, as described for example in EP-A 121 965.
- the constituents of the catalyst system are generally mixed with one another before the polymerization or directly in the polymerization reactor by metering in the individual components, the active catalyst being formed.
- No. 5,338,825 describes a process for the preparation of carbon monoxide / olefin copolymers using simply positively charged metal complexes which, inter alia, must have a ligand that stabilizes the complex.
- the copolymers according to the invention are composed of units which are based on the monomers carbon monoxide and one or more olefinically unsaturated compounds.
- the monomers are generally incorporated alternately in the copolymer. In principle, all monomers of this class of compounds can be considered as olefinically unsaturated compounds.
- ethylene and C 3 - to C ⁇ ⁇ alkenes such as 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene and mainly propene, butadiene, and also cy - Cloolefins such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene and norbornadiene and their derivatives.
- styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene are primarily mentioned.
- acrylic and methacrylic acid and derivatives thereof including in particular, the nitriles, amides and Ci-C ß alkyl esters, such as ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate.
- Suitable monomers are vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, maleic anhydride and N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Mixtures of different monomers can of course also be used, the mixing ratio generally not being critical.
- the molar ratio of the olefinically unsaturated compound to carbon monoxide can largely be chosen freely; it is preferably between 0.1: 1 to 10: 1, particularly preferably in the vicinity of 1: 1.
- copolymers according to the invention are notable for a low residual palladium content in the polymer.
- the molecular weights Mw (weight average) of the copolymers are generally in the range from 1000 to 1,000,000, preferably 1,000 to 100,000.
- the molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn (weight average / number average), measured using the method of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analogous to the description above, the copolymers according to the invention are generally 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 20.
- the K value of the copolymers measured in accordance with DIN 51562 parts 1 to 3 at 25 ° C. in hexafluoroisopropanol, is 20 to 500, preferably 50 to 400.
- the carbon monoxide copolymers according to the invention can be modified with the usual chemical reactions, such as described for example in EP-A 372 602, or a combination of both methods.
- Suitable metals M for the catalyst complexes of the general formula (I) used to prepare the carbon monoxide copolymers according to the invention are the metals from group VIIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, that is, in addition to iron, cobalt and nickel, primarily the platinum metals such as ruthenium, rhodium, Osmium, iridium and platinum as well as especially palladium.
- the metals can be present in the complexes formally uncharged, formally single positively charged, or formally double positively charged.
- the elements E 1 and E 2 of the chelating ligand are the elements of the 5th main group of the Periodic Table of the Elements (group VA), that is to say nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or bismuth.
- the chelating ligand can contain different elements E 1 and E 2 , for example nitrogen and phosphorus.
- the bridging structural unit Z is an atomic grouping that connects the two elements E 1 and E to one another.
- An atom from group IVA, VA or VIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements forms the connecting bridge between E 1 and E 2 .
- Possible free valences of these bridge atoms can be saturated in a variety of ways, for example by substitution with hydrogen, elements from the groups IVA, VA, VIA or VIIA of the periodic table of the elements. These substituents can form ring structures with one another or with the bridge atom.
- Particularly suitable bridging structural units are those with only one bridging atom from group IVA of the periodic table of the elements, such as -CR 5 R 6 - or -SiR 5 R 6 - in which R 5 and R 6 are hydrogen and C 1 ⁇ until Cio-carbon organic residue is.
- R 5 and R 6 can also form a 3- to 10-membered ring together with the bridge atom.
- Suitable organic carbon radicals R 1 to R 4 are aliphatic and cycloaliphatic and aromatic radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example the methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl,
- Linear arylalkyl groups each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the aryl radical are also suitable, such as benzyl and aryl radicals such as phenyl, tolyl and other substituted phenyl groups, at least one of the four Re ⁇ ste R 1 to R 4 is a non-aromatic radical.
- the radicals R 1 to R 4 should preferably be sufficiently space-filling that the central atom, for example the palladium atom, with which the atoms E 1 and E 2 form the active complex, is largely shielded. Residues which meet this requirement are, for example, cycloaliphatic radicals and branched aliphatic radicals, including in particular those with branching in the ⁇ position.
- Suitable cycloaliphatic radicals are C 3 - to Cio-monocyclic radicals such as, for example, the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl groups and menthyl groups, and bicyclic radicals such as the norbornyl, pinanyl, bornyl group and bicyclononyl group in any combination of the ring structure with the atoms E 1 and E 2 into consideration.
- the cycloaliphatic radicals preferably contain a total of 5 to 20 carbon atoms; cyclohexyl and menthyl are very particularly preferred.
- Suitable branched aliphatic radicals are C 3 - to C 20 - / preferably C 3 - to C 2 -alkyl radicals, such as the isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, neopentyl, and tert-butyl group, furthermore alkylaryl each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the aryl radical.
- Particularly suitable branched aliphatic radicals are the tert-butyl group, the iso-propyl group and the see-butyl group.
- Alkyl groups with branching located further outside are also suitable as substituents R 1 to R 4 , such as the isobutyl, 3-methyl-but-2-yl and 4-methylpentyl group.
- radicals R 1 to R 4 are not critical, ie the radicals can also contain atoms from the group IVA, VA, VIA or VIIA of the periodic system of the elements, such as for example halogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, here for example the bis (trimethylsilyl) methyl group.
- Functional groups such as, for example, hydroxy, alkoxy and cyan, which are inert under the polymerization conditions, can also be considered in this context.
- Preferred hetero substituents R 1 to R 4 are C 3 - to
- C 3 o-organosilicon radicals that is to say tetravalent silicon atoms which are bonded to E 1 or E 2 and whose remaining valences are saturated with three carbon-organic radicals, the sum of the carbon atoms of these three silicon-bonded radicals in the range from three to thirty lies.
- Examples include trimethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsi- O 96/37537 PC17EP96 / 01974
- Diphosphines bridged with a methylene group are preferably used as the chelating ligand, such as, for example, [(di-tert.-butylphosphino) (diphenylphosphino)] methane, particularly preferably using C 3 - to Cio-cycloaliphatic or branched C 3 - to C 20 ⁇ aliphatic radicals R 1 to R 4 substituted methylene-bridged diphosphines, such as, for example, bis (di-tert-butyl-phosphino) methane, [(di-tert-butyl-phosphino) (di-cyclohexylphosphino)] methane, bis ( di-cyclohexylphosphino) methane or [(di-tert-butylphosphino) (dimenthylphosphino)] methane whose suitability for the process according to the invention is currently attributed to the m
- Very particularly preferred compounds as the chelating ligand are bis (di-tert-butylphosphino) methane, [(di-tert-butylphosphino) (di-cyclohexylphosphino)] methane, bis (di-cyclohexylphosphino) methane, [(Di -tert.-butylphosphino) (diphenylphosphine)] methane or [(di-tert-butylphosphino) (dimenthylphosphine)] methane.
- the ligands L 1 , L 2 carry one or two formally negative charges, or if the metal is formally uncharged, the ligands L 1 , L 2 are also formally uncharged.
- the chemical nature of the ligands is not critical. According to the current state of knowledge, they have the function of stabilizing the rest of the metal complex against decomposition, for example deposition of the metal or non-specific reactions, for example aggregation of the complex fragments.
- Suitable formally charged inorganic ligands L 1 , L 2 are hydride, halides, sulfates, phosphates or nitrates.
- Halides such as chlorides, bromides, iodides and in particular chlorides are preferably used.
- Suitable formally charged organic ligands L 1 , L 2 are C 1 ⁇ to C 2 o _ aliphatic, C 3 - to C 3 o-cycloaliphatic, C 7 - to C 20 aralkyl radicals with C ⁇ - to Cirj-aryl radical and C ⁇ ⁇ to Cio Alkyl radical, C ⁇ to C 2 aromatic radicals, such as, for example, methyl, ethyl propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclohexyl, O 96/37537 PC17EP96 / 01974
- organic ligands L 1 , L 2 -C ⁇ to C 2 o-carboxylates such as acetate, propionate, oxalate, benzoate, citrate and salts of organic sulfonic acids such as methyl sulfonate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
- C 1 -C 7 -carboxylates, sulfonic acid derivatives and in particular acetate and p-toluenesulfonate are preferably used.
- Lewis bases that is to say compounds with a free pair of electrons, are generally suitable as formally uncharged ligands L 1 , L 2 .
- Lewis bases whose free electron pair or whose free electron pairs are located on a nitrogen or oxygen atom ie, for example, nitriles, R-CN, ketones, ethers, alcohols, are particularly suitable.
- acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran is used.
- the metal complex (I) contains anions X. If the M-containing complex fragment is formally uncharged, the complex according to the invention does not contain any anion X.
- the chemical nature of the anions X is not critical. According to the current state of knowledge, however, it is advantageous if they are as little nucleophilic as possible, i.e. have as little tendency as possible to form a chemical bond with the central metal M.
- Suitable anions X are, for example, perchlorate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate and carboxylates, such as, for example, acetate, trifluoroacetate, trichloroacetate, propionate, oxalate, citrate, benzoate, and conjugated anions of organosulfonic acids, such as, for example, methyl sulfonate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate and para-toluenesulfonate Tetrafluoroborate, tetraphenylborate, tetrakis (pentafluorophenyDborat, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate or hexafluoroantimonate.
- organosulfonic acids such as, for example, methyl sulfonate, trifluoromethyl sulfonate and para-toluenesulfonate Tetrafluoroborate,
- perchlorate trifluoroacetate, sulfonates such as methylsulfonate, trifluoromethylsulfonate or ponifluorofluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-toluifluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-toluifluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-toluifluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-toluifluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-toluifluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-tolifluorofluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-tolifluorofluoronate
- p-tolifluorofluoronate p-tolifluorofluoronate
- p-toluifluoronate p-tolifluorofluoronate
- the metal complexes of the general formula (I) are generally prepared by exchanging weakly coordinating ligands, such as, for example, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, benzonitrile or tetramethylethylenediamine to the corresponding transition metal compounds, for example transition metal halides, transition metal (alkyl) (halides), transition metal diorganyls, against the chelate ligands according to the invention [R 1 R 2 E 1 ] -Z- [R 3 R 4 E 2 ] according to claims 1 to 5.
- the reaction is generally carried out in a solvent such as dichloromethane at temperatures in the range from (-) 78 to 40 ° C.
- a further synthesis method is the reaction of the chelate complexes of the general formula (I) with organometallic compounds from groups IA, IIA, IVA and IIB, for example ci- to C ⁇ -alkyls of the metals lithium, aluminum, magnesium, zinc, with formally charged ones inorganic ligands L 1 , L 2 as previously defined, against formally charged aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ligands L 1 , L 2 as also previously defined,. be replaced.
- the reaction is generally carried out in a solvent such as, for example, diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran at temperatures in the range from (-) 78 to 65 ° C.
- Monocationic complexes of the general formula (I) are converted by reaction of (chelate ligand) metal (halogeno) (organo) complexes of the general formula (I) in which L 1 halogen and L 2 the previously defined formally charged organic ligands (to the exclusion of the anions of organic acids) mean formed with metal salts M'X.
- the reaction is generally carried out in coordinating solvents such as, for example, acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran at temperatures in the range from (-) 78 to 65 ° C.
- metal salts M'X meet the following criteria.
- the metal M ' should preferably form poorly soluble metal chlorides, such as silver.
- the salt anion should preferably be a non-nucleophilic anion X, as previously defined.
- Well-suited salts for the formation of cationic complexes are silver tetrafluoroborate, silver hexafluorophosphate, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, silver perchlorate, silver paratoluenesulfonate.
- the dicationic complexes (II) are prepared analogously to the monocationic complexes, except that now instead of the (chelate ligand) metal (halogeno) (organo) complexes, the (chelate ligand) metal (di-halogeno) complexes of the general Formula (I) (L 1 and L 2 means halogen) can be used as a precursor.
- a further process for the preparation of the dicationic complexes (I) is the reaction of [Y 4 M] X 2 with the initially defined chelate ligands [R 1 R 2 E 1 ] -Z- [R 3 R 4 E 2 ] in question.
- Y means the same or different weak ligands, such as, for example, acetonitrile, benzonitrile or 1,5-cyclooctadiene, M and X have the previously defined meaning.
- a preferred method for producing the metal complexes of the general formula (I) is the reaction of the dihalometal precursor complexes with silver salts with non-coordinating anions.
- the polymerizations for the production of the carbon monoxide copolymers according to the invention can be carried out either batchwise or continuously.
- Polymerization reactions using the metal complexes (I) defined at the outset can be carried out in the gas phase, in suspension, in liquid and in supercritical monomers and in solvents which are inert under the polymerization conditions.
- Suitable inert solvents are alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, i-propanol, 1-butanol and tert-butanol, sulfoxides and sulfones, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, esters such as ethyl acetate and butyrolactone, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl ethylene glycol and
- Diisopropyl ether and aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene or chlorobenzene or mixtures thereof.
- the molecular weight of the polymers according to the invention can be influenced by varying the polymerization temperature, by protic compounds such as alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, preferably methanol, and by adding hydrogen in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- protic compounds such as alcohols, for example methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, preferably methanol
- hydrogen in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
- a high concentration of regulating substances and / or a high polymerization temperature results in a relatively low molecular weight and vice versa.
- the polymers produced using the process according to the invention are generally distinguished by a low palladium content and a narrow molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/952,203 US5891989A (en) | 1995-05-22 | 1996-05-09 | Carbon monoxide/olefin-copolymers |
EP96914190A EP0827519A1 (de) | 1995-05-22 | 1996-05-09 | Kohlenmonoxid/olefin-copolymere |
JP8535313A JPH11505865A (ja) | 1995-05-22 | 1996-05-09 | 一酸化炭素−オレフィン共重合体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19518737A DE19518737A1 (de) | 1995-05-22 | 1995-05-22 | Kohlenmonoxid/Olefin-Copolymere |
DE19518737.7 | 1995-05-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1996037537A1 true WO1996037537A1 (de) | 1996-11-28 |
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ID=7762558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP1996/001974 WO1996037537A1 (de) | 1995-05-22 | 1996-05-09 | Kohlenmonoxid/olefin-copolymere |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5891989A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0827519A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11505865A (de) |
DE (1) | DE19518737A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996037537A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6812184B1 (en) * | 1996-06-17 | 2004-11-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Supported late transition metal catalyst systems |
DE19651786C2 (de) * | 1996-12-12 | 1998-10-22 | Basf Ag | Katalysatorsysteme für die Herstellung von Copolymerisaten aus Kohlenmonoxid und olefinisch ungesättigten Verbindungen |
DE19654961C2 (de) * | 1996-12-12 | 1999-04-29 | Basf Ag | Verfahren für die Herstellung von Copolymerisaten aus Kohlenmonoxid und olefinisch ungesättigten Verbindungen |
DE19714031A1 (de) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-08 | Basf Ag | Lineare alternierende funktionalisierte alpha-Olefin/CO-Copolymere und deren Verwendung für die Herstellung von ionenselektiven Membranen |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0305012A2 (de) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-01 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Katalytische Zusammensetzungen für die Polymerisation von Kohlenmonoxid mit einem Olefin |
EP0369528A1 (de) * | 1988-11-11 | 1990-05-23 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Katalytische Zusammenstellungen |
DE4324773A1 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyketonen |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE49010T1 (de) * | 1983-04-06 | 1990-01-15 | Shell Int Research | Verfahren zur herstellung von polyketonen. |
ATE136563T1 (de) * | 1988-11-10 | 1996-04-15 | Shell Int Research | Hitzehärtbare harze |
US5247064A (en) * | 1991-08-06 | 1993-09-21 | Shell Oil Company | Polymerization of co/olefin with p bidentate ligand |
US5352767A (en) * | 1992-01-08 | 1994-10-04 | University Of Massachusetts - Amherst | Alpha-olefin/carbon monoxide attenuating copolymers and improved catalyst and method for copolymerizing the same |
MX9303038A (es) * | 1992-05-27 | 1994-05-31 | Shell Int Research | Proceso para la preparacion de copolimeros de monoxido de carbono y compuestos etilenicamente insaturados. |
-
1995
- 1995-05-22 DE DE19518737A patent/DE19518737A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-05-09 EP EP96914190A patent/EP0827519A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-09 JP JP8535313A patent/JPH11505865A/ja active Pending
- 1996-05-09 WO PCT/EP1996/001974 patent/WO1996037537A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-09 US US08/952,203 patent/US5891989A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0305012A2 (de) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-01 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Katalytische Zusammensetzungen für die Polymerisation von Kohlenmonoxid mit einem Olefin |
EP0369528A1 (de) * | 1988-11-11 | 1990-05-23 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Katalytische Zusammenstellungen |
DE4324773A1 (de) * | 1993-07-23 | 1995-01-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyketonen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19518737A1 (de) | 1996-11-28 |
JPH11505865A (ja) | 1999-05-25 |
US5891989A (en) | 1999-04-06 |
EP0827519A1 (de) | 1998-03-11 |
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