Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
  • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
  • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
  • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
  • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a heat engine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
• Stirlihg engines are e.g. known from Meyers Lexicon of technology and the exact natural sciences, bibliographisches Institut Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich, 1970, page 589, as well as from a company prospectus with the title "Development work on the Stirling engine” from the company SOLO Kleinmotoren GmbH, Sindelfingen. The latter was distributed at the innovation fair from March 9-11, 1995 in Fellbach in the Schwabenlandhalle.
• the object of the invention is to design a heat engine of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that it has a substantially improved heat balance and moreover manages with substantially lower temperatures and pressures of the working gas.
• both the high-temperature heater and the only heat dissipating cooler have each been replaced by a zeolite heat accumulator.
• Zeolite offers the advantage that it absorbs the working gas supplied to it, which is released as heated exhaust gas in the heat engine according to the invention by the working gas expansion machine.
• the zeolite incorporates the working gas into its molecular lattice, triggering a strongly exothermic reaction of the zeolite, in which the working gas supplied to it is heated. In other words, the working gas comes to a state of being supercooled even though it is heated. For this reason, the pressure in the zeolite heat store also drops very sharply.
• This storage process is carried out alternately between the two zeolite heat stores.
• the second zeolite heat accumulator has also been filled with working gas by adsorption in the zeolite
• the other zeolite heat accumulator which has been filled beforehand, is removed in a heated state by desorption of the zeolite, in order to drive the heat engine as drive tel to be fed. The supply of heat is necessary for this.
• the waste heat from the working gas expansion machine is fully utilized again in order to release stored working gas.
• the heat engine according to the invention therefore works with a much better thermal energy balance than the known Stirling engines, in which heat is dissipated via the cooler.
• the two zeolite heat stores work alternately, during which one delivers heated working gas as a driving means for the working gas expansion machine, the other stores working gas, cooling it down, and vice versa.
• the waste heat from the working gas expansion machine is used via the heat transfer medium to expel the working gas from the heat accumulator, which had previously received heat when it was stored in the heat accumulator.
• a perfect cycle is achieved in terms of thermal balance, which no prior art thermal engine operates according to the Stirling principle.
• a low-boiling gas is preferably used as the working gas. This has the advantage that the drive means is low in the state in which it is supposed to do work
• the zeolite By integrating the working gas into its molecular lattice, the zeolite reduces the Braun's molecular movement of the working gas (as in a compression or supercooling process), which enables the heat accumulator to absorb a much larger amount of working gas than it does with normal gas Pressure and temperature conditions could otherwise take up without zeolite.
• the heat engine is additionally supplied with heat by means of a burner, for example a heating burner, and / or a solar system, it can advantageously be used for cogeneration in a combined heat and power plant.
• a burner for example a heating burner, and / or a solar system
• the additional heat will be supplied to the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer circuit. This will then not only work with the waste heat from the heat engine, but also with the waste heat from a burner or the heat generated by a solar system.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of a heat engine according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a diagram of a combined heat and power plant, which is equipped with a heat engine according to the invention.
• a thermal engine 10 operating according to the Stirling principle has a working gas circuit 12 and a heat transfer circuit 14, both of which are connected to a working gas expansion machine 11.
• the working gas circuit 12 contains two heat exchangers, each consisting of a zeolite heat accumulator 16 or 18.
• the heat transfer circuit 14 has two parallel line branches 20, 22 which lead through the heat accumulators 16 and 18 and are connected before and after to a common line 24 and 26, respectively.
• the common line 24 leads from a heat carrier outlet 28 of the working gas expansion machine 11 to the heat accumulators 16, 18, and the common line 26 leads to a heat carrier inlet 30 of the working gas expansion machine 11.
• a line 26 in the common line third heat exchanger 32 is arranged, together with a pump 34 for circulating the heat carrier in the heat carrier circuit 14.
• the heat carrier in the exemplary embodiment described here is water.
• a magnetic valve 36 and 38 is arranged in front of the respective heat accumulator, with which the flow of the heat transfer medium in the relevant line can be shut off .
• the part 20a of the line 20 which enters the heat accumulator 16 at the bottom in FIG. 1 leads into a tube heat exchanger arranged in the heat accumulator 16, the outlet of which, as shown, is in turn connected to the further part 20b of the line 20.
• the working gas circuit 12 leads from an output 42 of the working gas expansion machine 11 to two input lines 44 and 46 of the heat accumulators 16 and 18 and, as shown, from these input lines 44, 46 to a common output line 48, which via a buffer space 50 and a further line 52 leads to an input 54 of the working gas expansion machine 11.
• a pump 56 is additionally arranged in line 48.
• line 12 which leads to lines 44, 46, a solenoid valve 58 and 60 is arranged in each case.
• a magnetic valve 62 or 64 is arranged in each case.
• a solenoid valve 66 is arranged in the line 52 leading away from the buffer space 50.
• the latter solenoid valves 58 to 66 also serve as shut-off valves, which alternately establish or interrupt the connection of line 12 to line 44 or 46, and vice versa.
• the outlet of the buffer space 50 can be shut off with the solenoid valve 66 until a sufficiently high pressure has been built up in the buffer space.
• the working gas expansion machine 11 used in the heat engine 10 described above can be a conventional Stirling engine, as is known from the prior art mentioned at the outset, with the difference essential to the invention that, in order to improve the thermal energy balance of such a Stirling engine, Motors, the two heat exchangers customary in the prior art in the form of a heater and a cooler are designed as zeolite heat accumulators 16, 18, which, in conjunction with the heat transfer circuit, minimize any heat losses and in particular do not result in any heat dissipation.
• the heat engine 10 operates as follows:
• the working gas expansion machine 11 is, as usual, a periodically working piston engine which, as the drive means, a working gas which is alternately strongly heated and cooled and pushed back and forth by two pistons (not shown)
• a working gas which is alternately strongly heated and cooled and pushed back and forth by two pistons (not shown)
• C0 2 preferably C0 2 is used and the supplied thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy in order to drive an electrical generator 68, as indicated in FIG. 1.
• the heat required which is generated in the prior art by combustion of any fuel in a combustion chamber outside the cylinder (not shown) of the working gas expansion machine 11 and is transferred to the working gas in the cylinder by a special heater is described in the here
• Heat engine 10 is only supplied as latent heat, which is required to start the heat engine.
• the generator 68 is operated as a motor, which drives the working gas expansion machine 11, which now works as a heat pump, and emits CO 2 to one or the other heat accumulator 16, 18.
• the CO 2 is stored in an exothermic reaction by adsorption in the zeolite, as described above. If both heat stores are filled, the Stirling process can start. Heat losses of the heat engine, which cannot be avoided, are compensated for by latent heat from the environment. Additional heat energy that is required, for example because energy is drawn via the generator 68, can be supplied to the heat engine via the heat exchanger 32, for example from the surrounding air, by additional solar radiation, by heating the heat exchanger 32 by means of a Brenners, etc.
• the heat engine described here manages with a working gas temperature of approximately 60 ° C, with a delta P (pressure difference) between the input 30 of the working gas expansion machine and the inputs of the heat accumulators (lines 44 and 46), in which a pressure of 10 bar is reached in the buffer space 50. This will be explained in more detail below.
• the solenoid valve 60 is closed and the solenoid valve 64 is opened.
• the solenoid valve 36 is opened after a certain time in addition to the solenoid valve 38 so that the heat transfer medium, which was previously heated in the heat accumulator 16 in the adsorption phase, is now passed through the heat accumulator 18 to deliver the heat required for the desorption process.
• the pump 56 can be switched on if necessary.
• the working gas which is expelled from the heat accumulator 18 is heated sufficiently strongly to be able to do work as a driving means in the working gas expansion machine 11.
• heat transfer medium flows through the heat accumulator 18, from which the working gas is to be removed by the desorption of the zeolite, after a certain period of time the other heat accumulator 16 is also at least temporarily flowed through by heat transfer medium, because in the heat accumulator 18 additional heat for the Desorption is required.
• the desorption process takes place initially without additional heat from the heat accumulator 16 in the heat accumulator 18, because the zeolite has stored sufficient heat in the heat accumulator 18.
• the solenoid valve 36 is opened so that now heated heat transfer medium from the heat accumulator 16 can be passed through the heat accumulator 18. If, on the other hand, the thermal energy stored in the heat stores 16 and 18 in the zeolite is sufficient to allow the desorption process to take place, there is no need to remove heat transfer media from the other heat store. In this case, the heat accumulators 16, 18 are actually brought into the heat transfer relationship with the heat transfer circuit only alternately by the switchover control.
• the solenoid valves specified above are controlled by a changeover control 67. This could also be configured manually, i.e. to be replaced by an operator. However, the switchover control 67 is preferably a freely programmable computer control which controls the heat engine 10 via measured data. These measured data include, in particular, the various temperatures and pressures which are detected by temperature or pressure sensors, not shown. The solenoid valves are actuated by the changeover control 67 via lines shown in dashed lines.
• the heat engine 10 is supplied with additional heat by means of a heating burner 74 operated with a fuel 73 such as oil or gas and / or a solar system 76.
• the generator 68 can be connected to the public network N via a network coupling 70 if excess electrical energy is to be delivered to the network.
• the heating burner 74 can be an oil or gas burner.
• the heating burner 74 also supplies a hot water circuit 75 with heat, for example for heating the building by the block-type thermal power station. 15 with a heating circuit is designated, which receives its heat from the heat transfer circuit 14.
• the working gas used in the working circuit 12 is C0 2 .

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
• Gloves (AREA)
• Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
• Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
• Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

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Citations (5)

• 1995
  • 1995-03-27 DE DE19511215A patent/DE19511215A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1996
  • 1996-03-27 AU AU52748/96A patent/AU5274896A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-03-27 DE DE59602171T patent/DE59602171D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-03-27 AT AT96909137T patent/ATE181140T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-03-27 JP JP8528930A patent/JPH11502583A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-03-27 WO PCT/EP1996/001351 patent/WO1996030638A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-03-27 KR KR1019970706756A patent/KR19980703351A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-03-27 RU RU97116156A patent/RU2131987C1/ru active
  • 1996-03-27 EP EP96909137A patent/EP0817907B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (5)

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