Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
  • F25B43/003—Filters

Definitions

• Air conditioner and water removal device used for it
• the present invention relates to an air conditioner using a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and in particular, to a moisture removal device for reducing the moisture concentration in a refrigeration cycle.
• a conventional water removal device attached to a refrigeration device such as an air conditioner has a large number of spherical desiccants sealed in a refrigerant channel, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 63-96961.
• a vessel was placed between the condenser and the expansion device to remove the water in the condensate refrigerant.
• Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-66075 describes a structure provided in a low-pressure gas pipe of an air conditioner for an automobile to effectively absorb moisture contained in a refrigerant.
• Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-2226254 discloses a configuration in which a water removal device is provided in a low-pressure pipe between an evaporator and a compressor in order to remove water without increasing pressure loss. Is disclosed.
• refrigerating machine oils containing ether-based, ester-based, or carbonate-based substances have been developed, in which an oxygen atom is introduced and solubility is obtained by interpolar interaction with the oxygen molecule.
• These refrigerating machine oils have high affinity for water molecules, and all show high hygroscopicity. By the way, if a large amount of water is present in the refrigeration cycle, icing in the low-temperature portion and detailed blockage due to refrigerant hydrates will occur.
• Synthetic zeolite has been used as a desiccant to remove water in the refrigeration cycle.
• Synthetic zeolite has the property of selectively capturing substances with a specific molecular diameter into the cavities inside the hermitage due to the sieving effect of the brush because it forms an hermitage-like molecular structure. Therefore, even when used together with a CFC-based refrigerant having a size relatively close to water molecules, only water can be adsorbed without adsorbing the refrigerant. Then, when the surrounding water concentration is high and the movement speed of the water molecules is low, the probability of adsorption through the anan increases and the adsorption performance increases.
• the adsorbent and the refrigerant are brought into contact with each other in the liquid phase, which has a higher density and a lower flow velocity than the gas phase and a low molecular motion velocity, the adsorption performance is improved.
• the liquid piping after the condenser By providing a means for removing water, an air conditioner that is environmentally friendly can be obtained without making significant changes to conventional equipment.
• HFC substances are substances with a high global warming potential, and it is necessary to reduce the absolute amount of HFC substances enclosed in refrigeration equipment.
• the conventional water removal device interposed in the liquid piping significantly increases the pressure loss, and the drying material has a large fluid force.
• Due to this fluid force the desiccant is worn out and crushed due to friction caused by fluid friction and vibration, etc., and the fine powder penetrates into the details and causes clogging of the details. Wear and seizure may occur.
• Even in a heat pump type air conditioner having only one expansion means there is no place where the liquid single-phase flow is always present in both the cooling operation and the heating operation, and in any operation state, any place in the refrigeration cycle Always has a two-phase gas-liquid flow, and the same problem occurs when there are two or more expansion means.
• JP-A-5-66075 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-226254 disclose that the state of the refrigerant at the position where the moisture removing means is provided is either superheated gas or dryness. In this case, the refrigerant is in a saturated state, and the contact between the refrigerant and the desiccant is in a gaseous state.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant for an air conditioner that uses an HFC-based refrigerant that does not destroy the ozone layer.
• the purpose is to prevent intrusion.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner in which the amount of refrigerant to be charged is reduced without using a complicated configuration, and a water removing device used in the air conditioner.
• Still another object of the present invention is to prevent the desiccant from being pulverized even in a heat pump type air conditioner having only one expansion means.
• Another object is to prevent the hydrolysis of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil by moisture even when the refrigeration cycle is released by repair or maintenance.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a water removal device used for the device.
• a first aspect of the present invention to achieve the above object is to form a refrigeration cycle by sequentially connecting a refrigerant compression device, a condenser, a first expansion unit, a second expansion unit, and an evaporator,
• the working refrigerant is made of at least one kind of fluorinated hydrocarbon containing no chlorine atoms, and the working refrigerant between the first expansion means and the second expansion means in operation is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
• a water removing means for reducing the water concentration in the refrigeration cycle is provided between the first expansion means and the second expansion means.
• the water removing means provided between the first expanding means and the second expanding means comprises: a gas-liquid separator; a desiccant provided in a lower portion of the gas-liquid separator; A member for holding a desiccant.
• the water removing means has a built-in synthetic zeolite having an average diameter of adsorbed molecules of 3.1 angstrom or less.
• the water removing means is provided with a display means for displaying a water concentration in the water removing means.
• control means for setting a flow between the first expansion means and the second expansion means to a two-phase flow.
• a refrigeration cycle is formed by sequentially connecting a refrigerant compressor, a four-way valve, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion means, and an outdoor heat exchanger, and does not include at least one type of chlorine atom.
• a heat pump type air conditioner that switches between a cooling operation and a heating operation by switching the four-way valve using a refrigerant made of fluorohydrocarbon
• the water removing means for reducing the water concentration in the refrigeration cycle is expanded.
• a partitioning means for partitioning the moisture absorbent holding portion is provided.
• a third aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises an outdoor unit and an indoor unit connected to a plurality of the outdoor units, wherein at least one kind of fluorinated refrigerant containing no chlorine atom is used as a working refrigerant.
• the indoor unit and the outdoor unit each have expansion means, and a means for removing moisture in the refrigerant flowing in the air conditioner between the outdoor unit and the expansion means of the indoor unit is provided. It is provided.
• the water removing means provided between the expansion means of the indoor unit and the expansion means of the outdoor unit comprises: a gas-liquid separator; a desiccant provided in a lower part in the gas-liquid separator; And a member for holding the agent.
• a control means is provided for setting the flow between the expansion means of the outdoor unit and the expansion means of the indoor unit to a two-phase flow.
• a fourth aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a water removing apparatus used for an air conditioner having a refrigeration cycle for removing water in the refrigeration cycle, wherein the water removing apparatus comprises: A sealed container to which the pipe is connected, an inner pipe provided in the sealed vessel to define a flow path communicating with the pipe, and a moisture absorbent held between the inner pipe and the sealed vessel;
• the water absorbent is a synthetic zeolite having an average diameter of adsorbed molecules of 3.1 angstrom or less.
• the ozone layer is destroyed.
• the use of unbreakable refrigerant and a reduction in the amount of charged refrigerant make the device environmentally friendly.
• the water removal device is arranged in the low-pressure flow region where the pressure loss is small, and the water removal means is composed of the water holding portion and the main passage portion.
• the water removal means is composed of the water holding portion and the main passage portion.
• water can be removed from the working refrigerant with high efficiency.
• the fluid force acting on the desiccant stored in the moisture holding portion can be reduced without using a complicated structure, it is possible to prevent the desiccant from being finely divided due to friction caused by fluid friction and vibration.
• the state of the flow in the pipe provided with the water removal device may be either a liquid single-phase flow or a gas-liquid two-phase flow. Since the fluid resistance is small, the desiccant does not pulverize. Also, in any flow state, the water removal performance does not decrease. Furthermore, by providing the gas-liquid separator, the desiccant can be arranged in the passage or the liquid reservoir through which only the liquid refrigerant flows. In this state, the water in the working refrigerant can be effectively removed.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the air conditioner of the present invention
• FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the dryer shown in FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 is an air conditioner of the present invention.
• FIGS. 4 to 6 are longitudinal sectional views of modified examples of the dryer, respectively
• FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of one example of the gas-liquid separator shown in FIG.
• FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of a modified example of the gas-liquid separator of the present invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the refrigeration cycle of a heat pump type air conditioner.
• the outdoor unit 11 is a four-way valve 3, an accumulator 2, a refrigerant compression device 1 represented by an inverter-driven scroll compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger 4, and an outdoor expansion device 6 represented by a magnetic expansion valve.
• the dryer 7 is formed by sequentially connecting pipes.
• the indoor unit 12 is formed by connecting the indoor expansion device 8 and the indoor heat exchanger 9 with piping.
• the outdoor unit and the indoor unit are connected to each other by a gas pipe 13 and a liquid pipe 14 to form a refrigeration cycle ( in order to blow air to the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit).
• FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the dryer indicated by reference numeral 7 in FIG.
• the dryer 7 is housed in a container 21, a refrigerant passage 23 formed in the center of the container 21, through which a refrigerant flows, and a space formed between the container 21 and the refrigerant passage 23. And a pipe connected to both ends in the flow direction.
• the heat pump air conditioner utilizes a vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and switches between cooling and heating by switching the four-way valve 3. drive.
• This air conditioner uses HFC (Hide Port Fluorocarbon), which does not destroy the ozone layer, as the working refrigerant.
• HFC refrigerant any one of HFC32 (difluoromethane), HFC125 (pentafunoroletan), HFC134a (l, 1, 1, 2-trafnoroletan), and HFC143a (l, 1, 2-trifluorene) can be used.
• As the refrigerating machine oil any of ester, ether, or carbonate based refrigerating machine oils that can ensure compatibility with HFC refrigerants by introducing oxygen atoms into the molecular structure is used. ing.
• the air conditioner configured as described above will be described.
• the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compression device 1 is radiated in the outdoor heat exchanger 4 which is a condenser, condensed and supercooled to become a liquid refrigerant, and is controlled by a control device.
• the pressure is reduced by the expanded outdoor expansion device 6 to form a gas-liquid two-phase flow. This state Then, it passes through the dryer 7 and flows through the liquid piping 14 to reach the indoor unit 12.
• the refrigerant that has been further decompressed to a low pressure and low temperature in the indoor expansion device 8 absorbs and evaporates in the indoor heat exchanger 9 that is an evaporator, and exchanges heat with indoor air to cool the room.
• the refrigerant further reaches the outdoor unit 11 via the gas pipe 13, passes through the four-way valve 3 and the accumulator 2 sequentially, is sucked into the refrigerant compression device 1, and goes around the refrigeration cycle.
• the four-way valve 3 is switched, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compression device 1 passes through the gas pipe 13 to reach the indoor unit 12 where the indoor heat, which is a condenser, is provided.
• the heat exchanger 9 exchanges heat with the indoor air to release heat to the room and heat it.
• the liquid refrigerant condensed and supercooled by the indoor heat exchanger 9 is decompressed by the indoor expansion device 8 controlled by the control device, and becomes a gas-liquid two-phase flow. In this state, it flows through the liquid pipe 14 and passes through the dryer 7. Further, the refrigerant, which has been decompressed to a low pressure and low temperature in the outdoor expansion device 6, absorbs and evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 4 as an evaporator, passes through the four-way valve 3 and the accumulator 2, and is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 1. Cycle through the refrigeration cycle.
• the refrigerant between the outdoor expansion device 6 and the indoor expansion device 8 is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the refrigerant is disposed in a relatively long liquid pipe 14 connecting the outdoor unit 11 and the indoor unit 12.
• the amount of the refrigerant can be reduced by the amount of the gas refrigerant having a low density mixed therein.
• the amount of refrigerant to be filled in the refrigeration cycle can be reduced compared to the liquid-liquid type in which the piping is filled with refrigerant liquid
• a synthetic zeolite that selectively adsorbs only the water in the refrigeration cycle is sintered together with a binder into a cylindrical shape, and the core-shaped water holding part 22 is sealed in a container 21, connected to piping, and connected to a dryer 7. Is formed.
• the inner diameter of the water holding portion 22 corresponding to the refrigerant passage 23 is equal to or larger than the diameter of the piping before and after the water holding portion 22.
• the water that has entered the refrigeration cycle during the equipment manufacturing process and during the installation work causes the moisture holding part 2 to be made of porous zeolite.
• the water concentration in the refrigeration cycle is reduced because it is adsorbed to the water.
• the inside diameter of the refrigerant passage 23 of the dryer 7 is equal to or larger than the inside diameters of the pipes before and after it, so that the pressure loss does not increase significantly even when the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant passes.
• the fluid force due to the flow of the refrigerant does not greatly act on the water holding portion 22, it is possible to prevent the desiccant from being pulverized due to friction or vibration.
• the amount of the charged refrigerant is reduced, it is possible to reduce the amount of the refrigerant that has an adverse effect on ozone destruction or global warming. Furthermore, since the water content in the frozen cycle, which is a factor that lowers reliability, can be reduced, an air conditioner that is effective in protecting the global environment and highly reliable can be provided.
• FIG. 1 a modification of the above embodiment is shown in FIG. In Fig. 3,
• the flow is throttled by the outdoor expansion device 6 in both the cooling operation and the heating operation, so that the supercooled liquid flows during the cooling operation and the gas-liquid two-phase flow after being throttled during the heating operation. Flows through the water removal device. Since the supercooled liquid has a higher adsorption efficiency than the gas-liquid two-phase flow, if the cooling operation frequency is high, it is effective to provide a water removing device at the position shown in this modified example.
• the dryer 7 may be provided between the indoor heat exchanger 14 and the outdoor expansion device 6.
• FIGS. 4 to 6 show longitudinal sectional views of modified examples of the dryer 7.
• FIG. FIG. 4 shows a first modification, in which a drier 7 has a container 31 for connecting the connection pipes to both ends, a moisture holding portion 32 containing a desiccant, and a main flow passage in the container 31. It has a fixing plate 33 for dividing into a water holding portion 32 and a spring 34 for positioning the fixing plate.
• the mounting position on the refrigeration cycle and the operation of the refrigeration cycle are the same as in the embodiment of FIG.
• a large number of desiccants formed of synthetic zeolite into beads are sealed in the lower part of the container 31 and used as the water retention part 32, and fixed so that the desiccant does not move.
• Spring plate 3 3 It is held down by 3 4.
• the fixing plate 33 has a large number of holes having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the desiccant beads. The refrigerant flows through the holes, so that the liquid phase of the refrigerant in the two-phase flow state passing through the upper part of the container 31 is formed. Only the part stays and contacts the water retention part 32.
• the upper part of the refrigerant flowing part is separated from the part where the desiccant is present, so that the pressure loss is small and the desiccant is not exposed to the high flow velocity refrigerant flow, so that the desiccant can be finely divided. Absent.
• the contact state between the desiccant and the refrigerant is a liquid contact state with good adsorption efficiency, and since the remaining refrigerant is replaced by the flow of the refrigerant, the desiccant can effectively exhibit the water adsorption capacity, and the desiccant can effectively exhibit the moisture adsorption capacity. Moisture concentration can be reduced rapidly.
• FIG. 5 shows another modification of the dryer in which the degree of dryness of the refrigerant can be visually checked and the water holding portion can be easily replaced.
• This modification is different from the modification shown in FIG. 4 in that a site glass 36, a moisture concentration detection unit 37, a coupling unit 38, and a shield sheet 39 are provided.
• the moisture concentration detector 37 is a material in which a substance that changes its color depending on the moisture concentration, such as cobalt chloride, is impregnated and fixed in a sheet, so that the dry state of the frozen cycle can be visually observed through the site glass 36.
• the connecting portion 38 has a screw fastening structure so that the lower portion of the container can be arbitrarily removed.
• FIG. 6 shows another modification of the dryer 7.
• an inner pipe 46 having substantially the same diameter as the connection pipe is provided inside the container 41 and connected to the connection pipe, and a space formed between the inner pipe 46 and the vessel 41 is provided.
• a bead-shaped desiccant is stored as the water retention member 42.
• the space between the inner tube 46 and the container 41 is provided between a fixed plate 43 fixed to one end in the flow direction and a movable plate 44 at the other end in the flow direction between the inner wall of the container 41.
• the desiccant is provided in a space separated by the fixed plate 43 and the movable plate 44.
• the moisture retaining member 42 is firmly held in the space by the spring force of the springs 45, and the fixed plate 43, the movable plate 44, and the internal tube 46 are all desiccant beads. It has a number of smaller holes, so that the refrigerant can pass freely through these holes.
• the circulating gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant mainly flows in the inner pipe 46, so that the desiccant is not exposed to the high-flow-rate refrigerant and can be pulverized. Absent.
• the conventional dryer is slightly changed, and a general-purpose bead-type desiccant can be used, so that there is an advantage that the configuration is easy and inexpensive.
• FIG. 7 shows another modification of the dryer used in the two-phase flow, in which a gas-liquid separator is used.
• Figure 7 shows gas-liquid with desiccant It is a longitudinal section of a separator.
• a refrigerant introduction pipe 54 for guiding the refrigerant into the container 51
• a refrigerant discharge pipe 55 for guiding the refrigerant from the container 51 to the outside of the container 51.
• the tips of these two tubes reach near the bottom of the container 51.
• the container is filled with liquid-phase refrigerant to the middle level of the container, and the upper part is filled with gas-phase refrigerant.
• Gas refrigerant mixing holes 56 and 57 are formed in the refrigerant introduction pipe 54 and the refrigerant discharge pipe 55, respectively, so that the liquid refrigerant withdrawn from the lower part of the container 51 and the gas refrigerant at the upper part of the container 51 By adding, it works to maintain a certain degree of dryness.
• the beaded desiccant 52 is held by the desiccant holding member in the lower part of the container 51 filled with the liquid-phase refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant passes freely between the beaded desiccants 52. I can do it. That is, for example, the desiccant 52 is held by the desiccant holding member 53 in the form of an anan.
• the desiccant 52 flows into the container 51 and is placed in the branched liquid refrigerant having a low speed, so that the desiccant 52 is not pulverized, and is used in a liquid contact state with good adsorption efficiency. it can.
• the gas-liquid separator of the present invention is provided in a liquid piping of a refrigeration cycle operated by gas-liquid two-phase flow, and has a function of adjusting the amount of refrigerant. It goes without saying that even if any of the two pipes 54 and 55 inserted into the container 51 is a refrigerant introduction pipe, the operation is completely the same as in the above embodiment.
• FIG. 8 is a modification of the gas-liquid separator shown in FIG. Main deformation
• the example is used when the refrigerant flows only in the minus direction.
• the lower part of the closed vessel 61 is filled with a liquid-phase refrigerant, and the upper part thereof is filled with a gas-phase refrigerant.
• the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant flowing from the introduction pipe 63 inserted into the upper part of the container 61 is separated into a liquid and a gas in the container 61.
• a conventional dryer 62 is installed in the liquid outlet pipe 64 through which only the liquid refrigerant inserted into the liquid-filled part at the bottom of the container passes to remove moisture contained in the refrigerant. .
• the upper part of the dryer 62 and the upper part of the container 61 are communicated with a gas outlet pipe 65 to prevent the gas refrigerant from being abnormally filled with the gas refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator.
• the refrigerant flowing through the dryer 62 can be made into a liquid single-phase flow, and water can be absorbed in the liquid phase flow, so that water can be effectively absorbed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.
• the desiccant since the fluid force due to the flow of the refrigerant applied to the desiccant is small, the desiccant does not become fine powder due to friction or vibration, etc. Intrusion can be prevented, and a highly reliable air conditioner can be realized. ⁇ Of course, if a refrigeration cycle having the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment of the air conditioner is applied, the refrigerator and the chiller unit can be realized. A similar effect can be obtained with a refrigerating device such as a refrigeration system.
• the refrigerant containing HFC32 as the refrigerant for example, the refrigerant number assigned by ASHRAE is in the order of R407 (HFC32 / HFC125 HFC13
• the synthetic zeolite used as the desiccant has the average diameter of the adsorbed molecules. Should be less than 3.1 angstroms.
• the reason why the molecular diameter was set to 3.1 angstrom or less is that, among the above HFC refrigerants, HFC32 has the smallest average molecular diameter, 3.3 angstrom, and the molecular diameter of water.
• the present invention even when the refrigerant in the liquid pipe is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, a special pressure loss reducing structure is not required by combining the gas-liquid separator and the moisture removing device, and the desiccant is not required. Since there is no pulverization or deterioration, it is possible to divert the existing dryer manufacturing equipment, which has the effect of inexpensive production.
• the amount of the refrigerant adsorbed by the desiccant can be made sufficiently small, so that the refrigerant is not decomposed to generate an acid, and chemical abrasion of the mechanism of an air conditioner or a moisture removing device is prevented. Decomposition of the desiccant is suppressed, and a highly reliable air conditioner can be realized.
• the function of the desiccant can be confirmed, and the time required for replacement of the desiccant can be reduced, so that the reliability of the air conditioner and the moisture removing device can be reliably and easily increased.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Drying Of Gases (AREA)
• Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
• Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-03-17 DE DE69531631T patent/DE69531631T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-03-17 JP JP52825496A patent/JP3435164B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-03-17 ES ES95912460T patent/ES2202353T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-03-17 EP EP95912460A patent/EP0816779B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-03-17 WO PCT/JP1995/000481 patent/WO1996029554A1/ja active IP Right Grant

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