WO1996027271A1 - Element de chauffage electrique du type par convection ou par convection et radiation - Google Patents
Element de chauffage electrique du type par convection ou par convection et radiation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996027271A1 WO1996027271A1 PCT/FR1996/000324 FR9600324W WO9627271A1 WO 1996027271 A1 WO1996027271 A1 WO 1996027271A1 FR 9600324 W FR9600324 W FR 9600324W WO 9627271 A1 WO9627271 A1 WO 9627271A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plates
- plate
- heating
- heating element
- transparent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electric heating elements of the convection or convection and radiation type.
- the most widely used is convection transfer.
- the air located in the vicinity of the heated resistor sees its temperature increase, therefore its density decrease. It tends to rise; an ascending current is established and the hot air is replaced by cold air which in turn heats up and, the phenomenon of thermo-siphon initiated, it continues.
- the device produced in this transfer mode is a convector.
- Another way of transferring the energy produced at the level of the electrical resistance is the radiation emitted by this one and which is propagated through the part,
- the radiated energy is in first approximation proportional to the fourth power of the temperature Kelvin like demonstrated by Stephan and Boltzmann.
- the corresponding device is a radiant panel.
- the luminous heating elements which are at the base of the functioning of certain devices, more or less visible, more or less complicated (twisted wires, coated wires, etc.), surrounded by support and protective parts, can constitute particularly unsightly assemblies. .
- the non-luminous resistive elements are enclosed in housings or covers comprising openings in the lower part, in the upper part, sometimes laterally, are opaque and bulky and often do not fit in well with the surrounding decor. Sometimes even (heating historic monuments for example), they can be downright unacceptable.
- the present invention relates to heating elements which do not have the drawbacks indicated by the prior art.
- They comprise a heating body composed of at least one plate of thermal glass ent and mechanically resistant, covered with a thin transparent electrically conductive layer, which acts as a resistance in which the electricity which passes through it is transformed into heat by the Joule effect; said heating body being associated with one or more surfaces, in the form of layers or plates, transparent, complementary, parallel or almost parallel to the heating plate (s), which, by their properties and / or their arrangements in relation to the heating plate (s), makes it possible to define and control, according to the chosen use, the mode of transfer of heat from the heating element to the environment and / or to provide electrical insulation, the various plates being arranged so as to allow air circulation between them.
- the heating elements according to the invention ensure, as will be indicated below, good transparency, very good performance, minimum space requirement and compliance of the device with the safety requirements and standards in force.
- the choice of power, for a given coated glass is obtained by the ratio of the dimensions of the plate and the choice of temperature by the product of the dimensions of the plate. By setting the power and the temperature, it is easy to calculate the dimensions.
- the surface of the glass, on the side opposite the layer, is considered to be insulating. Its surface resistance is of the order of 10 12 ⁇ / D (1000 billion ⁇ / D);
- a surface emissivity on the layer side of 0.15 and on the opposite side of 0.9 (b) a surface emissivity on the layer side of 0.15 and on the opposite side of 0.9.
- a hot plate emits radiation proportional to the emissivity and which will be asymmetrical and in the proportions of 0.9 to 0.15, ie 6.
- the radiation emitted can only be done on the lengths where the glass plate has an absorption band. It is located on lengths greater than 5 ⁇ m. Only wavelengths between 5 and 20 ⁇ m are carriers of appreciable energy, which can be calculated by Planc's law. They correspond to physiological wavelengths, that is to say those which provide a feeling of comfort and well-being.
- heating elements as varied as wall or mobile convectors are proposed, baseboards or heating strips, wall or mobile radiant panels, mixed elements wall or mobile radiant convectors, mobile or removable heating partitions, for modular spaces, tumble dryers, etc.
- a heating appliance in the form of a wall convector.
- the calories are provided by the Joule effect in a heating body consisting of a glass plate, coated on one side with a transparent electrically conductive layer positioned towards the wall.
- This arrangement makes it possible to minimize the thermal radiation towards the wall because of the low emissivity of the layer.
- a glass plate II thermally and mechanically resistant In front of this first plate I, and separated, for example, by 15 mm, is placed a glass plate II thermally and mechanically resistant, the object of which is: (a) to define a space where convection, air flowing from bottom to top;
- the plate I is of smaller size than the plate II, or, what is even better, the conductive layer is limited to a smaller surface than that of the plate I; (d) blocking the infrared radiation emitted by the plate I towards the plate II by a reflective layer of the infrared deposited on the plate II opposite the face I or re-emitting towards the part after absorption by the glass of the plate II part of the radiation emitted if the plate II does not include an infrared reflecting layer.
- the temperature of plate II does not exceed 60 "C.
- This plate consists of a glass, coated, on the side furthest from the wall, with an infrared reflecting layer, the role of which is: (a) to delimit a second space between the plates I and
- the aesthetics of this device is provided either by the transparency of its components, or by elements of color or decor, benefiting from the specific qualities of the "glass" material - transparency, reflections, colors, etc. - which can be brought by plate II and of which a wide range exists among glassmakers or glassmakers.
- the choice and the arrangement of the complementary transparent surfaces which accompany the heating plate may be different.
- a transparent heating partition for example in landscaped offices, there is a large heating surface, which makes it possible to maintain a low energy dissipation per unit of surface and the surface temperature remains low.
- the energy emitted in the form of radiation is this time usable on either side of the partition, and there is therefore no need to provide the means to reflect it towards the heating body.
- heating plate thermally and mechanically resistant, against the possibility of untimely electrical contacts.
- This can be done by placing a second glass plate against the conductive layer, possibly separated by an interval of air or with a transparent polymer sheet or else to cover the conductive layer with a second transparent, insulating layer, compatible with the temperature of the heating body, such as the layers of silica, chromium oxide, oxide titanium or silicone.
- Another application for assessing the versatility and efficiency of the device according to the invention relates to a radiant panel.
- the base is always a transparent, thermally resistant heating plate, coated with a thin electrically conductive layer facing the wall which supports the panel.
- the radiation emitted by the plate brought to a temperature for example of 120-130 ° C. is asymmetrical. It is much higher (more than 4 times) towards the room than towards the wall.
- another transparent surface is interposed between the latter and the heating plate, constituted for example by a glass plate covered with an infrared reflecting layer (this may be a glass with a tin oxide layer identical to that used for the heating plate).
- a glass plate is used coated on one of its faces with a thin transparent electrically conductive layer with low emissivity and reflecting the infrared.
- a transparent electrically conductive layer with low emissivity and reflecting the infrared.
- tin oxide doped with antimony or fluorine or indium oxide doped with tin, deposited under a thickness of a few hundred nanometers, and whose surface conductivity can range from a few ⁇ / D to a few hundred d ' ⁇ / D.
- these glasses must be tempered for use according to the present invention, in order to make the plates resistant to the significant thermal shocks to which they will be subjected.
- Such glasses in the non-toughened state, are marketed for the production of glazing allowing sunlight to penetrate and, on the contrary, reflecting infrared radiation of longer wavelengths; not emitting these wavelengths, this glazing is favorable for energy savings.
- non-toughened glasses are sometimes used in the structure of certain windshields, designed to ensure defrosting by the Joule effect at low temperature.
- the complementary transparent surface (s) which have the purpose of defining and orienting the heat fluxes coming from the heating plate (s) or ensuring other functions, the following nonlimiting examples may be cited: to reflect infrared radiation: the low-emissivity layers already mentioned have this property; we can also cite thin metallic layers (silver or copper for example); all these layers are optionally protected by a transparent overcoat (silica, transparent polymers); to provide electrical insulation: simple glass plates or transparent layers (silica, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, silicone, transparent polymers); to provide mechanical protection: tempered glass plates or plates of transparent polymers or laminated composites glass - plastic material (s) (glass-PVB; glass-polyurethane for example); to ensure decorative effects: plates of transparent glass or polymers, colored or engraved, or printed, or enamelled, or coated with layers or films themselves decorative.
- the current arrives via two strongly conducting lines (screen-printed or glued), located in intimate contact with the electroconductive layer, on two opposite edges of the latter. Complementary lines of the same type can be deposited within this interval, allowing then, by an appropriate connection, to connect in series the resistances represented by the surfaces delimited on the conductive layer.
- an automatic presence detector This could be the case for example for radiant panels intended to warm the public in certain places open to the outside, such as shopping malls, waiting rooms, displays, etc.
- the present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples.
- This type of device in principle, has been described above. It can be a wall convector, or even a mobile convector, which can in this case be a backup heater.
- Such an apparatus comprises the following succession of plates arranged facing one another: - a first protective plate, made of thermally and mechanically resistant glass; a heating plate, the electrically conductive thin layer of which faces towards said first protective plate; - If necessary, a second heating plate whose thin electrically conductive layer is turned on the same side as the previous one; or else several other heating plates, the thin electrically conductive layers of which are turned on the same side as the previous one; a second protective plate, made of thermally and mechanically resistant glass; each of the protective plates may include, on the side facing the neighboring heating plate, an infrared reflecting layer, and the various plates being spaced apart from one another by a sufficiently large distance so that the convection does not bring about an exaggerated overheating of air, and weak enough so that convection does not bring disturbances by downdrafts.
- the first protective plate is that placed opposite the wall, it is advantageous that it comprises, on the side opposite the wall, an infrared reflecting layer, facing the thin electrically conductive layer from the neighboring heating plate.
- the distance between two neighboring plates would therefore be between 5 and 25 mm.
- the plates making up the convector are generally arranged vertically, their spacing therefore being constant; they can also (at least one of them) be inclined relative to the vertical plane so that the spacing between two plates increases from bottom to top, this geometrical arrangement being favorable for the regulation of the heat transfer which heats the air.
- At least one protective plate of the convector overflows from the heating plate (s) all around its periphery, or that all the plates of the convector are of the same dimension, the live part of the conductive layers of the heating plates being limited to a smaller area than that of the plates themselves.
- Figure 1 is a front view of this convector; and Figure 2 is, on a larger scale, a partial sectional view along II-II of Figure 1.
- the convector 1 comprises three rectangular plates 4, 5 and 6, substantially parallel to one another and to the wall 2, made of the same glass with a 6 mm EKO type layer from the Saint-Gobain Company, this thin layer being designated respectively 4a, 5a and 6a.
- the plate 4, closest to the wall, is arranged so that its layer 4a is turned away from the wall 2.
- the plate 5 has a length shorter than that of the plate 4 and it is arranged relative to the plate 4 so that, in the direction of the length, the latter overflows by an equal distance on both sides, and that, in the direction of the height, it overflows at the lower part by a distance substantially equal to the aforementioned distance, and, at the top, a slightly greater distance.
- the plate 5 is also arranged so that its layer 5a . either turned towards layer 4a.
- the plate 6 it is identical to the plate 4, except that it is of lesser height, and it is arranged opposite the latter so as to project from the plate 5 by an equal distance over the whole around.
- the layer 6a is turned towards the plate 5.
- Two decorative insulating strips 9a, 9b respectively can be arranged along the two horizontal edges of the plate 5, also on the layer 5a.
- These optional bands 9a, 9b, with the bands 7a, 7b, outline the slightly darker periphery of a rectangle, thus improving the aesthetic appearance.
- a shelf 17 can be fixed to the wall 2, perpendicular to the latter coming to bear on the upper edge of the plate 4.
- the plate 4 is a thermal protection plate, the plate 5, the heating plate, and the plate 6, a mechanical and thermal protection plate as well as decorative, if it is chosen from a glass having a decorative effect.
- a plate 6 coated with a layer 6a it is possible, instead of a plate 6 coated with a layer 6a, to use an uncoated plate 6, in which case this will have a role of mechanical protection only, and possibly a decorative role depending on the choice of glass.
- 4 and 4 mm thick plates can be used. The distance between two successive plates can be 20 mm, in which case the total size of the plates in depth is 52 mm.
- the heating plate 5 could be replaced by two heating plates of the same type, with the electrically conductive layers always turned towards the side of the plate 6.
- a distance of 15 mm can be provided between two successive plates, the total overall dimensions of the plates then being 61 mm.
- spacer rings 14 and 15 of suitable shapes it is possible, by the choice of spacer rings 14 and 15 of suitable shapes, to mount for example the heating plate or plates 5 and the plate 6 in an inclined position relative to the vertical plane so that the spacing between an inclined plate and the vertical plane increases from bottom to top. It is thus possible to provide an angle of inclination of less than 20 'between the plates.
- the layer 5a Powered by a normal distribution network voltage, the layer 5a dissipates by the Joule effect an energy which heats the plate 5 and brings it to a temperature T 5 . As indicated above, it can be considered without great error that the two faces of the plate 5 are at the same temperature 5 .
- the energy radiated by the face 5a is low and is reflected by the face 4a of the plate 4, reflecting the infrared.
- the energy radiated by the plate 4 is low, the latter does not heat up by radiation.
- the energy radiated by the face opposite to the layer 5a corresponds approximately to that of a black body. It is reflected by the face 6a of the plate 6.
- the temperatures T 4 and T 6 depend only on a convective exchange caused by the hot air which circulates between the plates 4 and 5, and 5 and 6.
- the system is managed by the temperature T 5 (therefore the power of the convector) and the spacings between the plates.
- the electrical resistance R of the rectangular glass plate 5 is as follows:
- Rc is the ohmic surface resistance.
- the electrical power is: u ⁇ (V)
- a vertical heating element with three plates high powers from 5000 to 2000 W
- a horizontal heating element with three plates low powers from 500 to 1000 W
- four plates two of which heating (powers greater than 1000 W).
- the dimensions a and b of the heating plates are for example such that S ⁇ 1 m 2 ; 0.5 ⁇ b / a ⁇ 1.5; and 8 ⁇ b ⁇ 12 dm.
- the surface temperature of the protective plate 6 is limited to 60 ° C.
- the spacing of the plates which can be varied between 10 and 20 mm for example, allows the temperature of the air circulating between the plates to be adjusted.
- Example 2 HEATING PLINTH / HEATING BAND
- Such an apparatus comprises two heating plates arranged facing each other with their thin electrically conductive layers arranged face to face, one serving as an infrared reflecting plate for the other, a protective plate made of thermally or mechanically resistant glass that can be arranged opposite of the outdoor heating plate.
- FIG. 3 of the accompanying drawing there is shown schematically ent, in vertical section, a heating baseboard 18, composed of two heating plates 19, 20 whose layers 19a, 20a are arranged opposite and mounted in parallel, a protective plate 21 being, where appropriate, placed opposite one of the two plates 19, 20.
- a power density of 15 W / dm leads to a power of 250 W with a layer of 46.5 ⁇ / D
- a power density of 10 W / dm 2 leads to a power of 200 W, with a layer 38.7 ⁇ / D.
- the surface temperature of around 110 ° C requires a structure with three glass plates (18; 19; 20).
- the surface temperature of approximately 80 ° C allows a structure with two glass plates (18, 19), advantageous for the bulk in thickness.
- the second plate serves as both a heating plate and a reflective plate.
- It comprises a protective plate of thermally and mechanically resistant glass, placed facing the support wall, and comprising on the side opposite the latter, an infrared reflecting layer, and, facing the latter, a heating plate.
- the electrically conductive thin layer of which faces the protective glass plate the two plates being spaced apart sufficiently far that the convection does not bring about an exaggerated overheating of the air, and sufficiently weak so that the convection does not brings no phenomenon of disturbance by downdrafts.
- a radiant panel 22 composed of a heating plate 23 coated with a thin electrically conductive layer 23a, and, disposed opposite the latter, a protective glass plate 24, which is coated with a thin reflective layer of infrared 24a .
- the plate 23 can have the following dimensions: 7 ⁇ b ⁇ 8.5 dm; 1/3 ⁇ b / a ⁇ 1; the density ⁇ being of the order of 20 W / dm 2 , for a power of 1000 to 2000 W.
- the conductive layer 23a is also at low emissivity; from the point of view of the radiation emitted by the glass, the behavior of the two faces of the plate 23 is asymmetrical, and the radiated energies are proportional to the emissivity.
- the small thickness of the glass means that the gradient in the thickness is very small and that it can be assumed that the glass is isothermal.
- the wavelength which emits the most energy is equivalent to 7.3 ⁇ m.
- the practical width of the spectral range is between 3.65 ⁇ m and 32.85 ⁇ m, which corresponds to the absorption band of the glass, therefore of emission according to Kirchoff's law.
- the low emissivity layer 23a at these wavelengths tends to minimize the energy radiated on the layer side.
- a temperature variation of the order of 10 ° C does little to modify the distribution of the radiation.
- the radiant panel 23 To improve the performance of the radiant panel 23 alone, it is necessary to reflect the radiated energy emitted by the layer 23a. So placed next to the layer 23a, the plate 24 of coated glass, the layer 24a of which is turned towards the layer 23a and which will reflect the infrared. Depending on the spacing between the plates 23 and 24, it is possible to generate convection between them.
- the heating element 22, as shown in FIG. 4, is thus obtained, both radiant and convector if the plates 23 and 24 are arranged vertically.
- the panel 22 can also be placed against a ceiling.
- the present invention also makes it possible to produce heated partitions.
- Such partitions may include a heating plate, the electrically conductive thin layer of which is protected by a glass plate placed opposite it, with an air gap, the two plates being spaced apart by a sufficiently large distance that the convection does not bring an exaggerated overheating of the air, and weak enough so that convection does not bring disturbance phenomena by downdrafts.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8526069A JPH11505662A (ja) | 1995-03-01 | 1996-03-01 | 対流型または対流放熱型の電気加熱素子 |
EP96905895A EP0812522A1 (fr) | 1995-03-01 | 1996-03-01 | Element de chauffage electrique du type par convection ou par convection et radiation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9502360A FR2731311B1 (fr) | 1995-03-01 | 1995-03-01 | Element de chauffage electrique du type par convection ou par radiation ou combinant ces deux modes de chauffage |
FR95/02360 | 1995-03-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1996027271A1 true WO1996027271A1 (fr) | 1996-09-06 |
Family
ID=9476610
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1996/000324 WO1996027271A1 (fr) | 1995-03-01 | 1996-03-01 | Element de chauffage electrique du type par convection ou par convection et radiation |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0812522A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11505662A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2213835A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2731311B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996027271A1 (fr) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5825973A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1998-10-20 | Lehoe; Michael C. | Stationary ceramic glass electric baseboard heater |
EP1030130A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-23 | Seb S.A. | Radiateur sèche serviettes à parois en verre |
GB2361990A (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-07 | Jk Microtechnology Ltd | Transparent electric convection heater |
WO2002004879A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-17 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques |
US7039304B2 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-05-02 | Engineered Glass Products Llc | Method and apparatus for a cloth heater |
EP1599072A3 (fr) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-11-29 | Steller, Bernd | Elément chauffant ayant la forme de panneaux ou de laminés fins en plusieurs couches |
EP1814361A1 (fr) | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-01 | Thermor Industrie | Dispositif de chauffage électrique |
FR2939497A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-11 | Saint Gobain | Dispositif de chauffage radiatif et convectif |
US8461495B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2013-06-11 | Engineered Glass Products, Llc. | Heated glass panel frame with electronic controller and triac |
ITVI20120093A1 (it) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-24 | Laborvetro Di Antonello Marano | Un gruppo di riscaldamento di ambienti |
EP3296643A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-21 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif de chauffage électrique radiatif et convectif |
WO2020182717A1 (fr) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | Klaus Zeyn | Système de thermorégulation |
WO2024021934A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Four à coucheuse |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2805143B1 (fr) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-04-19 | Seb Sa | Grille-pain a parois chauffantes transparentes |
NO312790B1 (no) * | 2000-05-08 | 2002-07-01 | Noboe Elektro As | Panelovn for romoppvarming med et innlegg av termisk bestandig og elektrisk isolerende materiale |
FR2858048B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-24 | 2006-09-08 | Atlantic Industrie Sas | Element chauffant et appareil de chauffage d'ambiance et de sechage de linge |
FR2945705B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-14 | 2013-08-16 | Thermor Pacific | Appareil de chauffage electrique. |
CN102102885B (zh) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-06-05 | 先锋电器集团有限公司 | 一种循环反射电暖器 |
FR2989452B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-11 | 2017-04-21 | Eco-Matic | Module electrique plat et dispositif de chauffage mural le comprenant |
CN109871052A (zh) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-06-11 | 上海颐柏科技股份有限公司 | 一种电热辐射管温度控制装置及其控制方法 |
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FR2111108A5 (fr) * | 1970-10-08 | 1972-06-02 | Ppg Industries Inc | |
DE2106329A1 (de) * | 1971-02-10 | 1972-08-24 | Delog Detag Flachglas Ag | Isolierglasscheibe, die als Heizkörper ausgebildet ist |
DE3009800A1 (de) * | 1980-03-14 | 1981-09-24 | Bischoff Glastechnik GmbH & Co KG, 7518 Bretten | Elektrischer heizkoerper zum beheizen des inneren von gebaeuden o.dgl.. |
JPS63156934A (ja) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-06-30 | Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd | 電気暖房機 |
FR2652980A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-12 | Nicolitch | Feuille de chauffage electrique et procede de fabrication d'une telle feuille. |
DE4136134A1 (de) * | 1991-11-02 | 1993-05-06 | Borsch, Helmut, 3388 Bad Harzburg, De | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur raumtemperierung |
-
1995
- 1995-03-01 FR FR9502360A patent/FR2731311B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-03-01 CA CA 2213835 patent/CA2213835A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-01 JP JP8526069A patent/JPH11505662A/ja active Pending
- 1996-03-01 WO PCT/FR1996/000324 patent/WO1996027271A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-01 EP EP96905895A patent/EP0812522A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
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FR2111108A5 (fr) * | 1970-10-08 | 1972-06-02 | Ppg Industries Inc | |
DE2106329A1 (de) * | 1971-02-10 | 1972-08-24 | Delog Detag Flachglas Ag | Isolierglasscheibe, die als Heizkörper ausgebildet ist |
DE3009800A1 (de) * | 1980-03-14 | 1981-09-24 | Bischoff Glastechnik GmbH & Co KG, 7518 Bretten | Elektrischer heizkoerper zum beheizen des inneren von gebaeuden o.dgl.. |
JPS63156934A (ja) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-06-30 | Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd | 電気暖房機 |
FR2652980A1 (fr) * | 1989-10-06 | 1991-04-12 | Nicolitch | Feuille de chauffage electrique et procede de fabrication d'une telle feuille. |
DE4136134A1 (de) * | 1991-11-02 | 1993-05-06 | Borsch, Helmut, 3388 Bad Harzburg, De | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur raumtemperierung |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 419 (M - 760) 8 November 1988 (1988-11-08) * |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5825973A (en) * | 1995-01-10 | 1998-10-20 | Lehoe; Michael C. | Stationary ceramic glass electric baseboard heater |
EP1030130A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-23 | Seb S.A. | Radiateur sèche serviettes à parois en verre |
FR2789879A1 (fr) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-25 | Seb Sa | Radiateur seche-serviettes a parois en verre |
GB2361990A (en) * | 2000-05-03 | 2001-11-07 | Jk Microtechnology Ltd | Transparent electric convection heater |
WO2002004879A1 (fr) * | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-17 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques |
US6911631B2 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2005-06-28 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Plate heat exchanger |
US8461495B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2013-06-11 | Engineered Glass Products, Llc. | Heated glass panel frame with electronic controller and triac |
EP1599072A3 (fr) * | 2004-05-17 | 2006-11-29 | Steller, Bernd | Elément chauffant ayant la forme de panneaux ou de laminés fins en plusieurs couches |
US7039304B2 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-05-02 | Engineered Glass Products Llc | Method and apparatus for a cloth heater |
EP1814361A1 (fr) | 2006-01-27 | 2007-08-01 | Thermor Industrie | Dispositif de chauffage électrique |
EP2194332A3 (fr) * | 2008-12-04 | 2016-05-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif de chauffage radiatif et convectif |
FR2939497A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-11 | Saint Gobain | Dispositif de chauffage radiatif et convectif |
ITVI20120093A1 (it) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-24 | Laborvetro Di Antonello Marano | Un gruppo di riscaldamento di ambienti |
WO2013160812A1 (fr) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | Laborvetro Di Antonello Marano | Groupe de chauffage |
EP3296643A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-21 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif de chauffage électrique radiatif et convectif |
FR3056285A1 (fr) * | 2016-09-20 | 2018-03-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Dispositif de chauffage electrique radiatif et convectif |
WO2020182717A1 (fr) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-17 | Klaus Zeyn | Système de thermorégulation |
US20210404670A1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2021-12-30 | Klaus Zeyn | Temperature control system |
US12066194B2 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2024-08-20 | Klaus Zeyn | Temperature control system |
WO2024021934A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-01 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Four à coucheuse |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0812522A1 (fr) | 1997-12-17 |
FR2731311B1 (fr) | 1997-04-30 |
CA2213835A1 (fr) | 1996-09-06 |
JPH11505662A (ja) | 1999-05-21 |
FR2731311A1 (fr) | 1996-09-06 |
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