WO1996011313A1

WO1996011313A1 - Building roof with at least one water-retaining component and water-retaining component for such a building roof

Info

Publication number: WO1996011313A1
Application number: PCT/DE1995/001269
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johann Vielberth
Original assignee: Institut Für Entwicklung Und Forschung Dr. Vielberth Kg
Priority date: 1994-10-05
Filing date: 1995-09-15
Publication date: 1996-04-18
Also published as: AU3470095A

Abstract

In order to improve the environment and reduce the water diversion factor of roofs of buildings, a building roof has at least one free water-retaining component (5b, 5c) on its upper side consisting of a web (6b, 6c) of rollable, water-storing material having a plurality of water-absorbing spaces open on the top of the water-retaining component but otherwise closed.

Description

Building roof with at least one water retention element and water retention element for such a building roof

The invention relates to a building roof according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a water retention element according to the preamble of claim 15 or 25.

There is an increasing greening of the roofs of buildings, with the aim of thereby reducing the runoff coefficient of a roof, i.e. in particular also to reduce the amount of water flowing directly into a sewer when it rains and thus make a significant contribution to improving the water balance and microclimate.

Green roofs are made with plants that can withstand larger periods of drought. However, such greening requires a special, very expensive roof structure with complicated foils, which must also be root-resistant. Nevertheless, damage and leaks on the roof or on the roof membrane that seals the roof cannot be ruled out. Another disadvantage is that repairs on the roof and in particular on the roof skin are very labor-intensive and can only be carried out at high costs.

In a known roof structure intended for greening (DE-OS 35 02 296), trough-like water storage elements are arranged on the supporting substructure provided with the sealing roof skin. Above this is a filter and irrigation fleece, which forms the base for the planting substrate used for rooting the vegetation. In heavy rain, the trough-like water retention elements can collect excess rainwater that has not been absorbed by the plant substrate, which then dries up through the filter and irrigation fleece the plant substrate is released again. This well-known building roof in particular is complex and expensive.

The disadvantage of green building roofs is that the water absorption and release takes place relatively slowly, large masses or spaces are required for water absorption, which also requires large additional roof loads and thus an increase in the cost of the load-bearing roof substructure. Furthermore, the green substance created on grass roofs is just as negligible as an improvement in climate.

The object of the invention is to show a building roof or a water retention element, which enables storage of rainwater and release of the stored water to the environment in an optimal manner by evaporation with extremely little effort, especially during manufacture.

To solve this problem, a building roof is formed according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and a water retention element according to the characterizing part of claim 15 or 25.

The peculiarity of the building roof or the water retention element is that the water retention element is provided freely accessible on the top of the roof. The water retention element is preferably a roll-up web made of plastic or rubber, which is integrally provided on one side with a structure which forms a multiplicity of water-absorbing cavities, which are each open to the side facing away from the web, ie to the top of the building roof. This design of the water retention element enables a large amount of water to be stored per unit area. Furthermore, this training ensures, among other things, a rapid absorption of water and a rapid release of the water into the environment. An essential feature of the present invention is that the at least one water retention element or the rain water-storing space is formed by the recesses of the honeycomb structure on the carrier web, this material being either rollable or formed by small, handy plates, i.e. heavy , rigid, trough-like or gutter-like water retention elements are avoided. Due to the honeycomb structure, a large number of stable recesses can be realized in the smallest of spaces, and in the most economical way. The at least one water retention element is freely accessible on the outside of the roof. Rainwater can thus be absorbed by the water retention element without delay and can also be released to the environment without delay in the absence of rain or in dry periods, so that the desired reduction in the drainage value of the building roof, ie the amount of rainwater flowing out via the sewer and the desired improvement in the water balance and the microclimate can be achieved in an optimal manner with little effort, in particular also with a low mass for the water retention element. Even in the case of extreme downpours, which are rather rare in our climate range, in which about 100 to 120 liters of rain per square meter fall in a short time, a relatively low layer height build-up is sufficient for the honeycomb structure.

The building roof according to the invention and the water retention element there are considerably better than previous systems.

The carrier web and the honeycomb structure are preferably made in one piece, namely from plastic material or from rubber.

In the invention, it is possible to provide the entire surface of the building roof with one or more water retention elements. In principle, however, there is also the possibility of adapting the area of the building roof occupied by the water retention elements to the respective climatic conditions, so that optimum water absorption and evaporation is achieved. The height is variable and can be adapted to the desired drainage value. The system remains active even in winter, since retention is guaranteed in the cavities despite frost.

In the invention, the respective water retention element can also be designed in color in order to achieve a certain visual impression. In particular, the color design also increases and reduces the evaporation effect, i.e. for example, a dark or black color increases the evaporation, while a light or white color means less evaporation of the stored water.

Another advantage of the invention is that the building roof can be designed in the same way as conventional, green roofs with respect to the roof substructure and the roof sealing the roof skin, so no special constructions are necessary.

The at least one water retention element can be fastened to the roof in a wide variety of ways, namely by gluing, welding, mechanical fasteners of various types, by tensioning elements and also nets or net-like holding elements, etc.

Cleaning is particularly easy. There is no risk that the water retention elements will build up with dust or foreign substances. Rather, dust or foreign matter can be easily removed by spraying.

The main advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows:

The building roof according to the invention is characterized by a simple construction. The water retention system or the retention elements used can also be retrofitted to common roof types without any problems. Additional static conditions are not necessary as snow loads are taken into account anyway.

The water retention elements can be removed at any time and replaced if necessary. The invention is suitable for a wide variety of building roofs. In particular in industrial buildings, however, the invention enables the internal wastewater systems as well as the in-house water treatment or a water retention basin to be downsized and therefore contributes significantly to reducing costs.

The invention also offers significant advantages for municipalities, likewise by a possible reduction in the size or capacity of the public sewer network.

With a low roof load, the invention ensures great retention.

The possibility of rapid water absorption and also rapid water return (through evaporation) to the environment also achieves a significant improvement in the microclimate in the environment and a significant improvement in the climate in the building in question.

Finally, the at least one water retention element also makes a not insignificant contribution to thermal insulation or to lowering the roof temperatures in summer. Furthermore, the water retention element protects the roof skin from UV radiation and thus contributes to increasing the life of the roof skin.

Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

1 shows a simplified perspective illustration of a building with a building roof designed as a flat roof according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the building roof of FIG. 1 with a plurality of water retention elements provided on the outer surface of the building roof;

Figures 3 - 5 in an enlarged detail and in section the building roof with differently designed water retention elements;

Fig. 6 in a simplified perspective view of a building with a

Flat roof-formed building roof according to the invention in accordance with a further possible embodiment;

7 shows a perspective view of a building roof designed as a sloping roof according to the invention;

Figures 8 and 9 in a perspective view water retention elements with different attachment.

10 shows a simplified representation and in cross section of a building roof designed as a flat roof according to the invention;

Fig. 1 1 in an enlarged partial view, a top view of the building roof of Fig. 1;

12 and 13 in representations similar to FIG. 10 sloping roofs. 1 shows in a very schematic representation a building 1 which has a building roof 2 designed as a flat roof, on which the usual chimneys 3 and also the usual ventilation elements or light domes 4 are provided in the embodiment shown.

The peculiarity of the building roof 2 is that it has a large number of water retention elements 5 on its upper side, each of which consists of a web 6 which extends or extends across almost the entire width of this building from a water-absorbing or storing material have a rectangular cross section in the embodiment shown and connect to one another at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the building 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the webs 6 are each held by suitable means on the top of a support or intermediate layer 7, which in turn is attached with its underside to the roof structure below.

The latter consists of the load-bearing roof substructure 8, which is shown in FIGS. 2-5 for simplicity as a plate, for example a concrete slab, but can also be a different construction, for example a roof substructure made of profiled sheets with insulation arranged above it, one using Beams and wooden cladding, etc., again preferably with thermal insulation.

On the roof substructure 8, the outer skin 9, which seals the roof in particular against water and rain, is applied in a conventional manner, which in the illustration of FIGS. 1-5 consists of several sealing sheets 10, which likewise extend transversely to the building and extend along the longitudinal edges of the building connect each other overlapping and are connected to each other by suitable means on the top of the roof substructure 8 and also at their overlapping areas. In the illustrated embodiment, the sealing sheets 10 are each with a variety of washers 1 1 stored on the roof substructure 8. Instead of the plate washers, composite sheets extending in the longitudinal direction of the sealing sheets 10 can also be used, for example.

The sealing sheets 10 are, for example, those made of plastic or, in the simplest case, bitumen sealing sheets. In particular, if the building roof 2 is not a flat roof, the roof outer skin 9 can of course also be formed from other materials commonly used for roofing, for example roof tiles, bitumen or plastic shingles, roof tiles, etc.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-5, the water retention elements 5 are attached with the underside of their base layer 7 to the top of the outer roof skin 9 or the sealing sheets 10 in a suitable manner, for example by gluing, welding, etc., in any case such that the tightness of the outer roof skin 9 is not lost by this attachment. The water retention elements 5 are located with their long sides laterally from the long sides of the sealing sheets 10 or their overlap area 10 ', so that these long sides of the sealing sheets or the overlap areas 10' are kept clear.

In principle, it is possible to dispense with the base layer 7 in the water retention elements 5, in which case the webs 6 made of the water-storing material are then provided directly on the upper side of the sealing webs 10, i.e. the latter are already prefabricated with these water retention elements 5.

The water retention elements 5 or their webs 6 and base layer 7 are preferably each made of plastic, namely from an elastic or soft plastic, which makes it possible for the water retention elements 5 and their base layer 7 or to roll up the sealing sheets 10 produced with these elements or to supply them as rollable material. A preferred plastic material is PVC, for example

FIGS. 3-5 show different possibilities for the formation of the water retention elements or their tracks, the water retention elements being designated 5a-5c and the associated tracks 6a-6c in these figures for better differentiation.

In the water retention elements 5a of FIG. 3, the webs 6a are formed from an open-cell foam or the like. Sponge-like material. The water retention elements 5b of FIG. 4 use webs 6b which are formed from a non-woven material or a non-woven material with high absorbency or water absorption options. 5 shows water retention elements 5c, the webs 6c of which consist of a flat material which has a plurality of tubular recesses 12 or capillaries which are open at least on the upper side of the respective web 6c and which each extend over the entire thickness of the web 6c and each of which has an internal cross section that is only a fraction of the thickness of the web 6c.

It goes without saying that other water-absorbing and storing materials are also suitable for the webs 6 of the water retention elements 5 and that combinations of the aforementioned webs 6a-6c can be used.

In FIG. 5, 13 also indicates a cover layer or upper protective layer which consists of a material which is permeable to water and water vapor, for example a thin fleece, and is fastened in a suitable manner on the upper side of the web 6c. This layer 13, which acts as a filter layer and which, of course, can generally be provided on the outer surface of the water retention elements 5 or their web 6, that is to say also on the water retention elements 5a and 5b or the webs 5a and 5b there, causes foreign substances, in particular also dirt retained so that these foreign substances cannot penetrate into the capillaries 12 or into the water collection space of the respective water retention element 5 and thus contamination or a resulting reduction in the storage capacity or the storage capacity of the water retention element 5 is avoided.

FIG. 8 again shows a perspective view of a water retention element 5 consisting of the web 6 and the support layer 7 or sealing membrane 10 supporting this web.

In Fig. 6, the building 1 is shown with a building roof 14, which differs from the building roof 2 only in that instead of the water retention elements 5, which are connected flat to the outer skin of the building roof, water retention elements 15 are used, which have their underside rest on the roof outer skin 9 and are held by tensioning straps or similar tensioning elements 16 on anchors 17 projecting above the roof outer skin 9.

Just like the water retention elements 5, the water retention elements 15 are also made in web form and can be rolled up, specifically on the support layer 7 and the water-storing web 6 provided on the top of this support layer 7. The water retention elements 15 are in turn transverse to the building and parallel to one another, with the one shown Embodiment in the longitudinal direction of the building successive water retention elements 15 are spaced apart.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 9, which shows a partial length of a water retention element 15 in a simplified perspective illustration, the loop-like tensioning elements 16 are preferably provided on the support layer 7, with which the respective water retention element 15 rests on the outer roof skin 9 and which is larger Strength than the material forming the web 6. The water retention elements 15, the webs 6 of which in turn consist of materials as described in connection with FIGS. 3-5 and / or are provided with the filter layer 13, have the advantage that they can be removed or exchanged without problems, for example by To carry out repairs on the roof structure (for example on the outer roof skin) or to replace dirty water retention elements 15 with new ones.

7 shows a building roof 18 designed as a sloping roof, which corresponds to the building roofs 2 and 14 insofar as the building roof 18 in turn has the load-bearing roof substructure 8 with the roof outer skin 9, but which in the building roof 18 also consists of roof tiles, shingles or roof panels can exist. On the roof outer skin 9, water retention elements corresponding to the water retention elements 15 are fastened, namely short water retention elements 15a, which only extend over the width of a roof slope, and longer water retention elements 15b, which each run or are stretched over the ridge of the roof and thus extend over both roof slopes . The water retention elements 15 are in turn held by the tensioning elements 16, which are preferably attached to snow guard elements or snow grids 19 of the building roof 18, wherever this is possible. Otherwise, anchorings 17 projecting beyond the roof outer skin 9 are also provided in the building roof 18.

With the water retention elements 5 and 15, a delay-free storage from larger amounts of water or rain is possible, in particular also a storage of larger amounts of rain which occur in an extremely short time during a downpour.

The water retention elements 5 and 15 or the building roofs 2, 14 and 18 provided with these elements also have the advantage that the amounts of water stored in the water retention elements 5 and 15 can be released unhindered and quickly back into the surrounding air, which in turn briefly Storage capacity for the re-uptake of water is created. Furthermore, the building roofs 2 and 14 also allow the replacement of defective or no longer effective or soiled water retention elements 5 and 15. Finally, there is the possibility of adapting the roof area occupied by the water retention elements 5 and 15 to the respective climatic conditions so that an optimal one Climate improvement is achieved.

Furthermore, the water retention elements 5 and 15 can also be retrofitted to existing building roofs.

It was assumed above that layer 13 is a filter layer. In addition to this function or instead of this, the layer 13 can also be one that is water-permeable, but improves the strength and resilience of the respective water retention element 5, in particular also against loads from wind, snow and / or from mechanical influences. Furthermore, the layer 13 consists of a UV light-resistant material and thus also reduces the influence of the UV light on the web 6.

FIG. 10 shows in a very schematic representation a building roof 20 designed as a flat roof, on which a plurality of water retention elements 21 are provided on the surface, which, for example, occupy the entire surface of the building roof 20. The water retention elements 21 consist of webs 22, which are made in one piece on the top with a honeycomb structure 23, which form a plurality of honeycomb-shaped and adjacent tubular recesses 24, each of which has a hexagonal cross-section, on the top, that is, on the carrier web 22 opposite side are open and are closed at the bottom and circumference. The honeycomb structure 22 is preferably produced in one piece with the respective carrier web from an elastic material, so that the carrier web with the honeycomb structure for transport can be rolled up. The carrier web and the honeycomb structure 23 are preferably made in one piece.

The building roof 20 also consists of the roof substructure 25, which forms the actual load-bearing construction of the building roof 20 and is shown in FIG. 1 for simplicity as a plate, for example as a concrete plate, but can also have another known construction, for example one Construction from profiled sheets with insulation arranged above, or a construction using beams and wooden cladding, again preferably with thermal insulation.

On the roof substructure 25, the roof skin 26, which seals the roof in particular against water and rain, is applied in a conventional manner, which e.g. consists of several sealing sheets 27, which extend over the building roof and adjoin one another overlapping on their longitudinal edges and are tightly connected to one another by suitable means on the top of the roof substructure 25 and also at their overlapping areas. The sealing sheets 27 are, for example, those made of plastic or, in the simplest case, bitumen sealing sheets. In particular, if the building roof 20 is not a flat roof, the roof outer skin 26 can of course also be formed from other materials that are commonly used for roofing, for example roof tiles, bitumen and plastic shingles, roof tiles, etc.

The water retention elements 21 are fastened on the roof outer skin 26 in such a way that the tightness of this outer skin is not lost, for example by gluing or welding the carrier web 22 to the outer surface of the roof skin 26. Other fastening methods are also conceivable.

The carrier webs 22 and honeycomb structure 23 consist, for example, of plastic or rubber. Other materials are also conceivable, in particular it is also conceivable to design the water retention elements 21 each as rigid or semi-elastic plate-like elements, the carrier web 22 then being a plate made of a rigid, less deformable or semi-elastic plastic or rubber.

3 shows, the water retention elements 21 can also be provided on pitched roofs. In this case, the individual recesses 24 no longer lie with their axes in the vertical direction, but are inclined above the vertical.

In order to achieve sufficient water retention even with sloping roofs or with an inclined building roof 20 ', the recesses 24 of the honeycomb structure 23 have an axial height which is greater than the maximum cross-sectional dimension.

FIG. 4 shows, in a similar representation, FIG. 3 a sloping roof 20 ″ provided with a tile covering, on which water retention elements 21 are provided.

The invention has been described above using an exemplary embodiment. It goes without saying that numerous modifications and changes are possible without thereby departing from the inventive idea on which the invention is based.

Reference list

building

Building roof

stack

Skylight dome, 5a, 5b, 5c water retention element, 6a, 6b, 6c track

Base or intermediate layer

Roof substructure

Outer roof skin

Geomembrane 'overlap area

Plate washer

Capillary opening

Filter layer

Building roof, 15a, 15b water retention element

Clamping element

anchoring

Building roof

Snow grid, 20 ', 20 "building roof

Water retention element

Carrier web

Honeycomb structure

Recess

Roof substructure

Roof skin

Geomembrane

Claims

claims

1. Building roof with a load-bearing roof substructure (8), with a roof skin (9) arranged thereon and sealing the roof, and with at least one water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b, 21) provided on the roof skin with at least a water-storing space, characterized in that the roof skin is the outer roof skin (9), that the water-storing space of the at least one water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15,

15a, 15b, 21) exclusively at least one web (6, 6a - 6c, 22) is formed from a water-storing rollable material, and that the at least one water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b, 21) is free is accessible at the top of the building roof.

2. Building roof according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b, 21) is formed by a web (6, 6a - 6c, 22) which has a plurality of water has receiving cavities (23).

3. Building roof according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cavities (23) are open at the top and otherwise closed, and / or that the web (6a - 6c) is a foam-like, sponge-like or non-woven material.

4. Building roof according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the web (6c) is a material which has a plurality of, preferably tubular openings (12, 23) extending in the direction of the thickness of the material.

5. Building roof according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the at least one water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b, 21) at least in a portion of its outer surface by at least one additional layer (13) is covered, which is permeable to water, but acts as a filter layer and / or protective layer.

6. Building roof according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the web (6, 6a - 6c, 22) of the water-absorbing or storing material is provided on a support layer (7, 10).

7. Building roof according to claim 7, characterized in that the support layer (7) forms an additional layer.

8. Building roof according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the at least one water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b, 21) by gluing, welding or the like. Fastening methods and / or by mechanical fastening means, for example is attached to the roof substructure or the roof skin (9) using plate washers (1 1).

9. Building roof according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the at least one water retention element (15, 15a, 15b) with the aid of clamping elements (16) on the roof substructure (8) or on the building (1) or on the anchors provided there (17, 19) is held.

10. Building roof according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layer for the web of water-storing material is a sealing membrane (10) forming the roof skin.

1 1.Building roof according to one of claims 1-10, that the at least one water retention element (21) is formed by a carrier web (22) which is attached to the outer roof skin (26) and on the side facing away from the outer roof skin a honeycomb structure (23) has a plurality of recesses (24) which are open on the side facing away from the carrier web (22), on their bottom and Scope but are closed.

12.Building roof according to claim 11, characterized in that the carrier web (22) is made in one piece with the honeycomb structure (23).

13. Building roof according to claim 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the carrier web (22) and the honeycomb structure (23) consist of an elastic material, preferably of elastic plastic or rubber.

14.Building roof according to one of claims 1-14, characterized in that the carrier web and the honeycomb structure (23) consist of a rigid or semi-elastic material, preferably of plastic or rubber.

15. Water retention element for a building roof with a load-bearing roof substructure (8) and with an arranged on this and the roof sealing roof skin (9) on which the water retention element (5, 15) is arranged with its water-storing space, characterized in that the Water-storing space is formed exclusively by a web (6, 6a - 6c) consisting of a water-storing and rollable material, and that the water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b) is freely accessible on the top of the building roof can be.

16. Water retention element according to claim 15, characterized in that it is formed by a web (6, 6a - 6c) which has a plurality of water-absorbing cavities.

17. Water retention element according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the web (6a - 6c) is a foam-like, sponge-like or non-woven material.

18. Water retention element according to one of claims 15 - 17, characterized in that the web (6c) is a material which has a plurality of preferably tubular openings (12) extending in the direction of the thickness of the material.

19. Water retention element according to one of claims 15 - 18, characterized in that the web (6, 6a - 6c) is covered on its outer surface by at least one additional layer (13) which is permeable to water, but acts as a filter layer and / or protective layer .

20. Water retention element according to one of claims 15 - 19, characterized in that the web (6, 6a - 6c) made of the water-absorbing or storing material is provided on a support layer (7, 10).

21. Water retention element according to claim 20, characterized in that the support layer (7) forms an additional layer.

22. Water retention element according to one of claims 15 - 21, characterized in that the water retention element (5, 5a - 5c; 15, 15a, 15b) by gluing, welding or the like fastening methods and / or by mechanical fastening means, for example using dividing disks (11) is attached to the roof substructure or the roof skin (9).

23. Water retention element according to one of claims 15 - 23, characterized in that the water retention element (15; 15a, 15b) with the aid of tensioning elements (16) on the roof substructure (8) or on the building (1) or on the anchors provided there (17 , 19) is held.

24. Water retention element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base layer for the web of water-storing Material is a sealing membrane (10) forming the roof skin.

25.Water retention element, in particular for use in a building roof, with a multiplicity of water-storing rooms, the water retention element (21) being freely accessible on the top of the building roof (20, 20 '), characterized in that the at least one water retention element (21 ) is formed by a carrier web (22), which can be fastened on the outer roof skin (26) and has a honeycomb structure (23) on the side facing away from the outer roof skin, which forms a plurality of recesses (24) which on the carrier web (22 ) open side, but are closed at the bottom and circumference.

26.Water retention element according to claim 25, characterized in that the carrier web (22) is made in one piece with the honeycomb structure (23).

27. Water retention element according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the carrier web (22) and the honeycomb structure (23) consist of an elastic material, preferably of elastic plastic or rubber.

28.Water retention element according to one of claims 25-27, characterized in that the carrier web and the honeycomb structure (23) consist of a rigid or semi-elastic material, preferably of plastic or rubber.