DE102021100308B4 - Irrigation system and façade greening system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an irrigation system (1) for a facade greening system (2). For the advantageous embodiment, the invention proposes that the irrigation system (1) at least comprises: a first water reservoir (5), a second water reservoir (6), a valve (8) and a device (13) for draining water (11). the second water reservoir (6) to a green facade, the valve (8) having either a water-absorbent valve element (15) which expands when water (11) is absorbed, and the valve (8) in a state in which the valve element (15) is dry, is fully or partially open and in a state in which the valve element (15) is expanded due to the absorption of water (11), closed by means of the valve element (15) or by means of the valve element (15) in comparison to its dry state is less open, or wherein the valve (8) comprises a plurality of water-absorbent valve elements (15) which expand upon absorption of water (11), and the valve (8) in a state in which the valve elements (15) are dry, is fully or partially open and in a state in which the valve elements (15) are expanded due to absorption of water (11), closed by means of the valve elements (15) or by means of the valve elements (15) compared to whose dry state is less open. The invention also relates to a facade greening system (2).

Description

field of technology

The present invention relates to an irrigation system, preferably for a facade greening system having plants. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a facade greening system.

State of the art

Façade greening systems are known in the prior art. On the one hand, there are ground-bound facade greenings with climbing plants that root in the natural soil and are watered by natural rain events and the water storage capacity of the soil. However, ground-based greening is not suitable for all facades or buildings. There are buildings where there is no soil at the foot of the façade, only sealed surfaces or the like, for example. Even with facades that have large windows or doors or, for example, ventilation grilles in the lower area, ground-based facade greening is often not possible. Furthermore, wall-bound facade greenings are known in which there is no root contact between the plants used for greening and the natural soil. The plants are literally on a drip by being artificially watered using an artificial water supply and technical equipment housed inside the building, which has greenery on its facade. Such artificial irrigation systems are technically demanding and are not suitable for every building. For example, there are buildings in which a water connection, water tanks or facilities used for water distribution are not permitted or are simply not available or cannot be accommodated in them. This applies, for example, to buildings in which electrical equipment, such as transformers, is housed and in which the presence of water would therefore be too dangerous, so that it is not possible to build an irrigation system there. Furthermore, it is known that in the case of facade greening systems in which vascular plants are used for greening, there is the problem that the vascular plants have an almost waterproof wax layer on the leaves and therefore have to obtain water via conduits. If vascular plants on a facade cannot draw water, they wither and die. If the so-called absolute wilting point is reached, the degree of wilting is irreparable and the greening must be renewed at great expense. In contrast to vascular plants, mosses do not have an absolute wilting point. Most of the leaves of the mosses also do not have a layer of wax, and many mosses also have no conductive pathways. Rather, the water is held by the mosses over a very large surface. A cm ³ of moss can have a surface area of 0.17 m ² . Water is transported between individual moss plants via the surface tension of the water. In the event of drought, mosses cease their vital functions and go into a so-called dormancy, a kind of "summer sleep". Mosses can easily survive in this state for several months. When moistened again, mosses immediately resume their vital functions. Another feature of mosses is that, unlike vascular plants, they live countercyclically. Since they need high humidity but are very frost hardy, they are mainly active in the winter months. Vascular plants, on the other hand, usually lose their foliage in winter, and even evergreen vascular plants are not as vital and full in winter as in summer. Mosses also have many environmental benefits, such as binding particulate matter in the air. However, it is known from tests that mosses in facade greening systems do not survive vertical orientation in the long term. The onward transport of water from moss plant to moss plant is not reliable here. However, if you try not to settle moss plants on vertical slabs, but instead on inclined slats, watering is made more difficult by an overlapping arrangement of the slats. In addition, there is the difficulty with mosses that, if possible, they may only be watered with rainwater or with very soft water. Irrigation, especially for moss walls, is definitely recommended in order to extend the so-called turgid times. While mosses are therefore desirable for facade greening systems due to the advantages described, they also have special requirements.

From the utility model specification DE 20 2015100 160 U1 an irrigation system for a facade greening system having plants is known, the irrigation system comprising a first water reservoir, a second water reservoir, a valve and an absorbent device for draining water from the second water reservoir to a facade greening.

Summary of the Invention

Against the background explained, one aspect of the present invention is based on the object of specifying an advantageous irrigation system, with the aim in particular being that one or more of the disadvantages and limitations described above can be avoided. According to a further aspect, the invention is prior to the above Background explained the task of providing an advantageous facade irrigation system; In particular, it is also sought in this context that the disadvantages and limitations described above can be avoided as far as possible or completely. In particular, the aim is to provide a façade greening system that is as extensive as possible, i.e. as low-maintenance as possible.

Regarding the first aspect mentioned, the invention proposes a solution to the problem initially and essentially in connection with the features that the irrigation system comprises at least: a first water reservoir, a second water reservoir, a valve and, in particular, an absorbent device for discharging Water from the second water reservoir, in particular for a green facade. On the one hand, there is the possibility that the valve only has a water-absorbent valve element that expands when water is absorbed, and the valve is fully or partially open in a state in which the valve element is dry and in a state in which the valve element is expanded due to the absorption of water, is closed by means of the valve element or is less open by means of the valve element compared to its dry state. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the valve has a plurality of water-absorptive valve elements that expand when water is absorbed, and the valve is fully or partially open in a state in which the valve elements are dry and in a state in which the valve elements are expanded due to absorption of water, are closed by means of the valve elements or are less open by means of the valve elements compared to their dry state. The valve can be fluidically connected or switchable between an interior space of the first water reservoir and an interior space of the second water reservoir. Depending on the design, it can be suitable for partially or fully opening and partially or fully closing a fluidic connection between the interior of the first water reservoir and the interior of the second water reservoir. An irrigation system according to one of these embodiments is advantageously suitable for collecting water in the first water reservoir during the period of rain and for storing it there so that the water can only be released to a facade greening system as needed after the rain has ended. The mode of operation is as follows: passage of water through the valve also leads to contact of the valve body or bodies with the water, which in turn entails water absorption in the valve element or valve elements. Due to the absorption of water, the valve element or valve elements expand (in particular, a so-called "swelling" occurs, as a result of which the valve is gradually partially or completely closed). As a result, the water flow is significantly slowed down or even stopped. This, in turn, automatically entails the valve element or elements gradually drying out and reversing their expansion, causing the valve to open again (or more than before). If the irrigation system is filled with rainwater in the first water reservoir while it is raining, the valve is initially closed while the facade greening is being watered by the rain anyway. The valve only opens again at a later point in time, so that the stored water is then fed to a green façade. This makes it possible for water to be released from the irrigation system automatically as required and at intervals that fluctuate. This advantageously allows water stored in the first water reservoir, in particular rainwater, to be kept in the first water reservoir, ie stored there, until it is required by a facade greening system and is automatically retrieved in the manner described.

A dry valve element is understood to mean in particular a state of the valve element in which the valve element is in moisture equilibrium with the surrounding natural room air. In contrast, an expanded state due to the absorption of water is understood to mean a state of the valve element in which the dimensions of the valve element are larger as a result of the absorption of water than in its dry state. With regard to the humidity-dependent opening effect, the valve can also be referred to as a humidity-dependent valve, an automatic valve or a control valve. The valve element or the valve elements is or are capable of swelling with regard to the expansion resulting from the absorption of water and in this respect can also be referred to as a source element or elements.

It goes without saying that an irrigation system proposed by the invention can only include one or more first water reservoirs, depending on the requirements, it can only include a second water reservoir or several second water reservoirs, depending on the requirements it can only have one valve or several valves may comprise and that, depending on requirements, it may comprise only one device for discharging water from one or more second water reservoirs or multiple devices for discharging water from one or more water reservoirs. There is also one proposed by the invention Irrigation system the possibility that fluidly between an interior of a first water reservoir and an interior of a second water reservoir only one valve or multiple valves, in particular valves of the same type, are connected. It is also possible, for example, for a first water reservoir to be assigned a plurality of second water reservoirs and for one or more valves to be connected fluidically between the interior of a respective second water reservoir and the interior of the first water reservoir. The terms first water reservoir and second water reservoir designate two water reservoirs with the explained functions to distinguish them from one another. In this respect, one could also speak of a water container for linguistic differentiation, for example in the case of the second water reservoir (or in the case of a respective second water reservoir).

With the options mentioned for influencing the dynamics of the watering, the watering system according to the invention can also be adapted to the different watering needs of different plants. The irrigation system is also particularly suitable for plants that can survive dry periods, such as mosses. The irrigation system can perform its irrigation function, especially when mosses are used for greening, over long periods of time without human intervention, i.e. autonomously. It enables extensive, i.e. low-maintenance, greening of facades.

An irrigation system according to the invention offers numerous possibilities for optional development:

There is the possibility that the valve has a valve inlet and a valve outlet and the valve element or the valve elements is or are arranged between the valve inlet and the valve outlet, or that the valve element or the valve elements is or are arranged in the second water reservoir. It is preferred that the valve element or the valve elements consists or consist of cork or of wood, in particular of swelled wood, or has or have cork or wood, in particular swelled wood. Materials of this type have a particularly pronounced ability to absorb water, so that they are particularly suitable for producing the valve element or valve elements. Another advantage is that cork and so-called swelled wood are very cheap.

An expedient configuration is seen in the device for draining water from the second water reservoir having at least one mat which has a first mat end which is arranged in the interior of the second water reservoir, the mat extending from the first mat end via a upper edge of the second water reservoir, extends out of the second water reservoir and extends downwards outside of the second water reservoir, it being provided in particular that the mat extends in at least one partial mat section along a reference plane which forms an angle with a vertical plane, the Angle is in particular in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and is preferably 15 degrees. Such a device for draining water, or for supplying water from the second water reservoir to a green facade, uses gravity and in particular an absorbency of the mat to transport water. It is understood that there can be either one mat or multiple mats, where in the case of multiple mats each mat can have a first mat end located in the interior of the second water reservoir. If several second water reservoirs are provided, there is the possibility that one or more mats are present for each second water reservoir, each having a first mat end that is arranged in the interior of the second water reservoir assigned to them. Since at least one partial section of the mat runs along an inclined reference plane, such a device is also well suited for backwatering of moss mats. It is preferred that the mat consists of fleece or fibers made of E-glass or that the mat has fleece and/or fibers made of E-glass. E-glass is understood to mean aluminum borosilicate glass with less than 2% alkali oxides. When there is water in the second water reservoir and the first mat end is submerged therein, the mat draws water from the second water reservoir and gravity directs the water down outside the edge of the second water reservoir toward the inclined mat section or sections Mat sections of the mat further, whereby the water can be supplied to a facade greening system. It goes without saying that the device can have several mats instead of just one mat, if required.

There is expediently the possibility that the first water reservoir has a base and a plurality of side walls extending from the base and is in particular designed in the form of a channel. In such a possible configuration, the first water reservoir could also be referred to as the first box gutter. A channel shape allows the water reservoir to extend along an upper edge of a facade greening to be irrigated in the longitudinal direction, so that by means of only one water reservoir a ver equally large area of length of a facade greening or even an entire facade greening can be watered. Alternatively or in combination, it can be provided that the second water reservoir has a base and a plurality of side walls extending from the base and is in particular designed in the form of a channel. In such a possible configuration, the second water reservoir could also be referred to as a second box gutter. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the first water reservoir and/or the second water reservoir have a shape other than a channel, for example with a plan whose length is less than three times or less than twice its width. An expedient embodiment is seen in the first water reservoir having an inlet which is connected to a rainwater downpipe of a building, in particular by means of a filling machine having overflow protection. Such automatic filling machines are also known among experts under the name “rain thief” and can also contain a filter for filtering out leaves or other impurities.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the valve inlet has at least one through opening that extends through the bottom or through a side wall of the first water reservoir, that the irrigation system has a valve element that is designed as a plate and consists in particular of cork, that the valve has a Has holding device, by means of which the valve element is held on an outside of the bottom or the side wall of the first water reservoir, wherein the valve element in a projection onto a reference plane spanned by the at least one through opening, the at least one through opening and an edge region of the bottom or the side wall adjoining it of the first water reservoir covered, the valve element being spaced apart from the at least one through-opening in its dry state in a reference direction perpendicular to the reference plane or lying loosely on the edge region and in a result watera Record expanded state of the valve element, in which the valve element has a larger plate thickness compared to its dry state, in particular sealingly, is pressed against the edge region. Instead of just one through-opening, a plurality of through-openings arranged as a group can alternatively extend through the bottom and/or through a side wall of the first water reservoir as the valve inlet. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the valve has a plurality of valve elements, which are designed as a respective plate and arranged as a stack and consist in particular of cork, that the valve has a holding device by means of which the stack can be attached to an outside of the bottom or the side wall of the first water reservoir is held, wherein at least the valve element of the stack facing the first water reservoir covers the at least one through-opening and an adjoining edge region of the bottom or the side wall of the first water reservoir in a projection onto a reference plane spanned by the at least one through-opening, the valve element facing the first water reservoir covering Valve element is arranged in a reference direction perpendicular to the reference plane in a dry state of the valve elements spaced apart from the at least one through-opening or rests loosely on the edge region and in an expanded state due to water absorption of the valve elements, in which the valve elements have a greater plate thickness in comparison to their dry state, is pressed against the edge area, in particular in a sealing manner. The valve element that assigns the first water reservoir is the valve element that is located closest to the first water reservoir out of the plurality of valve elements. In such irrigation systems, the valve or valves are fully or partially open when the valve element or valve elements, which is or are made of water-absorbent material such as cork or swelled wood, are dry or almost dry, i.e. have no water retention. This condition can exist, for example, after a longer dry phase without rain or without filling the first water reservoir, but on the other hand also after a certain drying phase of the valve element or valve elements, which is based on an automatic closing of the valve or valves during water delivery from the connects the first water tank. If there is water in the first water reservoir, this gets through the at least one passage opening into the interior of the valve to the valve element(s) and can pass through the valve elements, since they have comparatively small dimensions when they are still dry, and finally get out of the valve the second water tank. The contact of the valve element(s) with the water passing through the valve causes the valve element(s) to absorb water, which results in an expansion or enlargement of the dimensions (in particular "swelling"). As a result of the increased dimensions, a plate-shaped valve element is pressed against the through-opening (or several through-openings) located at the valve inlet, so that the valve inlet is almost or completely closed. The holding device is preferably designed in such a way that in this state the water still inside the valve escapes from the valve, so that the plate or plates shaped valve elements can dry again over time. During or after the drying phase, the valve(s) is/are opened automatically, in that the through-opening or through-openings located at the valve inlet are released again by the valve element(s), so that the described sequence can be repeated. This periodic functioning is automatic and results in an intermittent or fluctuating water delivery from the first water reservoir to the second water reservoir.

There is the possibility that the holding device is designed as a screen housing and that the valve outlet comprises one or more openings in the screen housing. Such a configuration can promote the drying of the valve element or elements during the drying phase, i.e. after the valve has closed automatically. There is also the possibility that the first water reservoir is arranged above the second water reservoir, with the screen housing and/or a water collecting device arranged on the underside of the screen housing either covering an open upper side of the second water tank at least partially in a vertical projection or by means of a line to the second water tank is connected. This enables a particularly simple construction.

According to another embodiment, there is the possibility that the irrigation system comprises a line, the line being connected to the interior of the second water reservoir, in particular by the line extending through a through hole in the bottom or in a side wall of the second water reservoir, and the line has an orifice at which the line opens into the interior of the second water reservoir or at which the line is directed to the interior of the second water reservoir, that the line between the first water reservoir and the orifice is passed through the valve, with a section of the line is arranged in the valve between a valve stop and at least one valve element, and that the at least one valve element is arranged in the interior of the second water reservoir, in particular on its bottom. Such a valve can also be used for periodic irrigation. Depending on requirements, a plurality of valve elements can be provided instead of just one valve element. This is achieved by a possible embodiment in which the valve element or elements in the dry state, i.e. when no water is stored in it, does not press the section of the line guided through the valve closed due to its or their then comparatively small dimensions, but rather leaves it open; however, if the valve element or elements come into contact with water and water is thus stored in the valve element or elements, this leads to an increase in its or their dimensions, whereby the section of the line guided through the valve through the valve element or the Valve elements can be partially or fully closed, so that the valve is partially or fully closed. This can be achieved in that the line is pressed against the valve stop by the valve element resting against it and is gradually squeezed together with increasing compressive force, as a result of which the line cross-section decreases. For example, the conduit may be made of rubber or a malleable material. The line can, for example, have a hose or several hoses that are connected to one another or, for example, plugged into one another. A so-called spaghetti hose, for example, is also suitable. If the valve element(s) is/are subsequently allowed to dry, the valve will gradually open again. If the valve element or elements is or are arranged in the interior of the second water reservoir on its floor or near the floor, the valve element or valve elements only dry out when there is no or almost no water in the second water reservoir located. When this state is reached after water has previously been discharged into the second water reservoir is influenced, among other things, by how much and how quickly water is removed from the second water reservoir by means of the device for draining water. If this device is a fleece mat, for example, this depends, among other things, on its absorbency. Furthermore, this also depends on the amount of water per unit of time that is released from the device to the green cover to be irrigated, for example to moss mats. If moss mats have dried out, for example, the amount of water released will be greater than during a state in which the moss mats still retain sufficient moisture. In this respect, the structure described even enables needs-based intermittent irrigation, in which the valve can be referred to as a control valve. The irrigation system can be adapted to different requirements with regard to its irrigation dynamics, for example by varying the number of valves and/or the volume of the second water reservoir or water reservoirs and/or the dimensions and/or the material of the mat or mats .

An expedient further development is that the valve has a mandrel, the mandrel having a recess through which the line is passed, and that the valve has a one-part or multi-part sleeve which is held in place by the valve element or by the valve elements is formed, wherein the valve element or the valve elements are made in particular of wood, in particular of swelled wood, the sleeve being slipped onto the mandrel. There is the possibility that a first longitudinal end of the sleeve is fixed to the mandrel or supported against a stop in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve and that a second longitudinal end of the sleeve faces the line and in particular the line in a wet, expanded state and in particular in a dry, unexpanded state of the valve element or elements, the sleeve having a greater sleeve length in an expanded state of the valve element or elements due to water absorption compared to the dry state. There is the possibility that the line section, which is pressed against the valve stop by means of the sleeve, is deepened in a recess of the mandrel, in particular in a bore extending transversely to a longitudinal axis of the mandrel or in a bore extending transversely to the mandrel axis, starting from the end face of the mandrel groove is arranged. It is also possible for an external thread to be formed on the longitudinal end of the mandrel facing the valve stop and for the valve stop to have a matching internal thread so that the valve stop can be screwed onto the end of the mandrel. The design can be adapted so that the valve stop can be screwed onto the mandrel to such an extent that it reaches the cross section of the recess in the mandrel used to accommodate the line section or even completely or partially covers this cross section. The valve can be suitable, for example, for adjusting the permeability through the line, in that the valve element or the valve elements are first brought into contact with water until it or they have a greater length compared to the dry state due to the absorption of water and that the end of the sleeve facing the valve stop rests or presses against the line, and that the valve stop is then screwed onto the end of the mandrel until the line is pressed so hard against the sleeve or a valve element and is thereby squeezed , that just no more water can get through the pipe (or slightly further). Such an adjustment can promote a sensitive response of the controller. There is the possibility that at least one first, in particular water-permeable, wall is formed in the interior of the second water reservoir, which borders with the bottom of the second water reservoir a gap that is open at least on one side, that the valve has a holding web, which is in particular perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the mandrel is oriented, and that the holding bar for fixing the valve is inserted into the gap. This facilitates a defined arrangement and alignment of the valve. It is possible for at least one second, in particular water-permeable, wall to be formed in the interior of the second water reservoir, which wall extends between the at least one valve element and the first end of the mat. This allows for a clean separation between the valve element and the mat. An expedient embodiment is seen in the fact that the first wall is attached to a side wall of the second water reservoir and that the second wall is attached or formed on the first wall, it being provided in particular that the first wall and the second wall have an L-profile form and / or are made of sheet metal.

Regarding a facade greening system, the invention proposes, in order to solve the above-mentioned task, that the facade greening system comprises an irrigation system according to the present invention. With regard to the effects and advantages that can be achieved thereby, reference is made to the relevant description.

There are also numerous opportunities for further training in this context.

There is the possibility that the façade greening system comprises at least one support plate, the support plate being attached or attachable to a facade of a building, a partial mat section of the mat being arranged or attachable, in particular attached or attachable, on a side of the support plate facing away from the facade and wherein a moss mat and/or a layer through which plants can root, which in particular is planted or can be planted with plants, is or can be arranged, in particular fastened or fastened, on a side of the partial mat section facing away from the support plate. The rootable layer can consist, for example, of substrate or substrate substitutes or can contain substrate or substrate substitutes and other ingredients such as fertilizer. The arrangement described allows for extensive backwatering of the plants used for facade greening. Especially if moss mats are used for this purpose, an extensive, ie low-maintenance, facade greening system can be implemented in connection with an irrigation system according to the invention. A particularly extensive façade greening system can also be achieved using a combination of moss and vascular plants. Due to the large biological water storage capacity of mosses on the one hand and the shading of vascular plants on the other hand, mosses and small vascular plants benefit each other. This applies accordingly to a possible modification provided for is that the facade greening system comprises a plurality of supporting plates arranged one above the other, with each supporting plate being fastened or fastenable to a facade of a building, with a respective partial mat section of the mat being arranged or arrangable, in particular fastened or, on a side of a respective supporting plate facing away from the facade can be fastened, with a respective moss mat and/or a respective layer through which plants can root, which in particular is planted or can be planted with plants, being or can be arranged, in particular fastened or fastened, on a side of the partial mat section arranged thereon which is remote from a respective supporting plate, all of these mat sub-sections are preferably components of only one mat. This makes it possible for all partial mat sections arranged one above the other to be irrigated from a common water reservoir arranged above.

Particularly in connection with moss mats, it is preferred that the support plate or a respective support plate encloses an angle with a vertical plane which is in the range from 10 to 20 degrees and which is preferably 15 degrees or approximately 15 degrees. If the angle is 15 degrees in relation to a vertical direction and thus in relation to the façade, the result, starting from an imaginary horizontal reference plane, is an angle of inclination of a support plate of 75 degrees. With regard to a respective support plate, it is preferred that this has a width of one meter in its assembled arrangement, although dimensions that deviate from this are of course also possible. Depending on the width of a facade to be greened, the facade greening system can comprise a plurality of support panels arranged side by side or a plurality of groups arranged side by side, each consisting of several support panels arranged in groups one above the other, with a matrix-like arrangement of the support panels being preferred with regard to this possibility. In the case of versions of the facade greening system in which a large number of support plates are arranged on a facade, one can also speak of a lamellar design. In the manner described, an unfavorable arrangement of moss plants on a vertical surface, which experience has shown, is avoided.

It is possible for support plates arranged one above the other to have a uniform minimum distance from the facade and/or a uniform maximum distance from the facade and/or for the mat to be placed between a partial mat section and a partial mat section adjacent to it in the vertical direction, in particular by means of molded parts such as . This favors a simple and space-saving structure as well as group watering of slats arranged one above the other using absorbent mats.

An expedient development is seen in the fact that the support plate or a respective support plate is or can be fastened to the facade by a support profile or several support profiles being or being fastened or being fastened to the side of the relevant support plate facing the facade, by a bracket on the facade or several consoles are fastened or can be fastened, in particular screwed or can be screwed on, and in that the supporting profile or the supporting profiles is or are screwed or can be screwed to the console or consoles. It is possible for a support profile to be screwed to several consoles by means of a screw connection, with one screw on one or more or all screw connections through a round hole in the support profile and through an overlapping slot in the console or through a slot in the Support profile and is inserted through this overlapping round hole in the console, it being provided in particular that a screw is inserted through a round hole in the support profile and through an overlapping round hole in the console. The support profiles can be, for example, T-profiles that are fastened to the support plate (e.g. screwed, riveted or the like) on their T-legs running transversely to the T-web, so that the T-web of of the support plate extends away towards the facade. In order to screw a respective T-bar to a bracket, one or more holes leading through it can be formed in the T-bar. The brackets can be, for example, L-profile-shaped wall brackets, which are screwed to the facade at their respective first leg and screwed to a support profile at their respective second leg. In order to achieve the already mentioned preferred inclination of carrier plates, it is preferred that a respective support profile is fastened to a facade by means of several wall brackets arranged one above the other, the second leg of a wall bracket arranged comparatively lower being longer than the second leg of a wall bracket arranged comparatively higher. If a screw is pushed through a round hole in the support profile and through an overlapping round hole in the console, a fixed point is formed. If, on the other hand, a screw is inserted through a round hole in the support profile and through an overlapping elongated hole in the bracket (or vice versa), a sliding point is formed that can be used to compensate for thermal changes in length in the support plates. The support profiles and/or the brackets are preferably made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The support plates can be aluminum composite plates, for example. For example, the facade can be formed by means of a wall made of solid masonry (in particular so-called KS solid masonry) that is statically sufficient.

There is a possibility that the planting of the facade greening system has no root contact with a natural soil located vertically below it, with a lower edge of the planting being in particular at a vertical distance from a soil located below.

character list

• 1 in einer Schnittansicht ein erfindungsgemäßes Bewässerungssystem gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel, in Verbindung mit Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen Fassadenbegrünungssystems gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 eine Frontalansicht in Blickrichtung II gemäß 1;
• 3 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Detail III aus 1;
• 4 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Detail IV aus 3;
• 5 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Detail V in 4, betreffend einen möglichen Gebrauchszustand;
• 5a die in 5 gezeigten Komponenten, jedoch in einem anderen möglichen Gebrauchszustand;
• 6 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Detail VI aus 3;
• 7 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Detail VII aus 6;
• 8 in einer Schnittansicht ein erfindungsgemäßes Bewässerungssystem gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel, in einem möglichen Gebrauchszustand;
• 8a die in 8 gezeigten Komponenten, jedoch in einem anderen möglichen Gebrauchszustand;
• 9 eine Schnittansicht entlang Schnittebene IX-IX in 8;
• 10 eine Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Bewässerungssystems gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel, in Verbindung mit weiteren Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen Fassadenbegrünungssystems gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 11 eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung von Detail XI aus 10, betreffend einen möglichen Gebrauchszustand;
• 11a die in 11 gezeigten Komponenten, jedoch betreffend einen anderen möglichen Gebrauchszustand; und
• 12 eine Stirnansicht auf das in den 10 und 11 anhand von ausschnittsweisen Schnittansichten gezeigte erfindungsgemäße Bewässerungssystem als Bestandteil eines erfindungsgemäßen Fassadenbegrünungssystems in jeweils exemplarischer Ausgestaltung.

The invention is described below with reference to the attached figures, which show exemplary embodiments. In detail shows:

• 1 in a sectional view, an irrigation system according to the invention according to a first embodiment, in connection with components of a facade greening system according to the invention according to a first embodiment;
• 2 according to a front view in viewing direction II 1 ;
• 3 an enlargement of detail III 1 ;
• 4 an enlargement of detail IV 3 ;
• 5 an enlargement of detail V in 4 , regarding a possible state of use;
• 5a in the 5 components shown, but in a different possible condition of use;
• 6 an enlargement of detail VI 3 ;
• 7 an enlargement of Detail VII 6 ;
• 8th in a sectional view, an inventive irrigation system according to a second embodiment, in a possible state of use;
• 8a in the 8th components shown, but in a different possible condition of use;
• 9 a sectional view along section plane IX-IX in 8th ;
• 10 a sectional view of an irrigation system according to the invention according to a third embodiment, in connection with further components of a facade greening system according to the invention according to a further embodiment;
• 11 an enlargement of detail XI 10 , regarding a possible state of use;
• 11a in the 11 components shown, but relating to a different possible state of use; and
• 12 an end view of the in the 10 and 11 Irrigation system according to the invention shown on the basis of partial sectional views as part of a facade greening system according to the invention in each exemplary embodiment.

Description of the embodiments

With reference to the 1 until 7 an irrigation system 1 according to the invention is presented according to a first embodiment, the irrigation system 1 in the example with other components shown forming a facade greening system 2 according to the invention according to an embodiment. In the selected example, the facade greening system 2 comprising the irrigation system 1 is on an in 2 partially shown facade 3 of a building 4 mounted. In the example, facade 3 is on a load-bearing wall made of KS solid masonry. As the sectional views illustrate, the irrigation system 1 comprises a first water reservoir 5 designed as a box gutter, which is attached to the facade 3 above a facade area to be greened by means of brackets 7 and extends horizontally along the facade 3 . Furthermore, the irrigation system 1 has a second water reservoir 6, also designed as a box gutter, which extends a short distance below the first water reservoir 5 along the facade 3 and is attached to the facade 3 in a manner that is not shown in detail. In the example, the e.g. is in 3 The cross-section shown of the first water reservoir 5 is larger than the cross-section of the second water reservoir 6, so that the first water reservoir 5 could also be referred to as a water tank. In the example, the irrigation system 1 comprises a plurality of valves 8, each valve 8 being arranged fluidly between an inner space 9 of the first water reservoir 5 and an inner space 10 of the second water reservoir 6. The valves 8 are formed on the underside of the first water reservoir 5 . how 2 shows, the valves 8 are arranged in a longitudinal direction of the water tank 5 at mutually uniform intervals. The sectional views show that the valves 8 in a vertical projection form an open top of the second water cover serspeichers 6, so that water 11 from the first water reservoir 5 through the valves 8, when they are open, can enter the second water reservoir 6 by gravity. In the example, there is a fleece 12 in the interior 9 of the first water reservoir 5, which can be used for retention. In the example, the irrigation system 1 also includes a plurality of devices 13 for draining water 11 from the second water reservoir 6 in order to meter the water 11 to the facade greening installed below the two water reservoirs 5 , 6 . In the example, each device 13 has a mat 14 made of absorbent fleece, which, as shown in the figures, extends vertically along the facade 3. In the example, a separate device 13 is assigned to three valves 8 each.

At the in the 1 until 7 chosen example, each valve 8 has a plurality of water-absorptive valve elements 15 which expand when water 11 is absorbed. Each valve element 15 is formed as a plate made of cork, the plates being arranged as a stack. Each valve 8 has a holding device 16 which is in the form of a screen housing 29 and by means of which the stack is held on an outside of a base 17 of the first water reservoir 5 . The valves 8 are designed uniformly in the example. A plurality of through openings 18 are formed in the base 17 above the holding device 16 which is fastened to the base 17 . From the 5 and 5a it can be seen that the valve element 15 facing the first water reservoir 5, i.e. the uppermost valve element in the figures, is projected onto one of the through-openings 18 spanned to the plane of the drawing 5 and 5a vertical reference plane, the through-openings 18 and in each case an edge region 20 of the base 17 adjoining them. At the in 5 In the state of use shown, water 11 is in the interior 9 of the first water reservoir 5. Part of the water 11 has reached the cork plates selected as the valve elements 15 through the passage openings 18 and has been absorbed by the cork plates, whereby the cork plates or valve elements 15 are compared to her in 5a shown dry state in their thickness direction oriented transverse to the board direction and also in the plane of the board. This leads how 5 shows, to the fact that the valve element 15 facing the first water reservoir 5, i.e. the valve element arranged closest, is pressed sealingly against the edge regions 20 surrounding the through-openings 18 in a reference direction perpendicular to the reference plane spanned by the through-openings 18 and thereby sealingly closes the through-openings 18. As a further consequence of the increase in thickness, the lowermost valve element 15 is pressed against a base of the holding device 16, so that through-openings 19 of the holding device 16 formed in the base are also closed. Finally, the valve elements 15 are also extended so far in their plate plane that their plate edges are pressed against side walls of the holding device 16 and openings 19 running through the side walls are therefore also closed. On the other hand shows 5a one of 5 deviating state in which the valve elements 15 made of cork are dry and consequently, since no water 11 is absorbed in them, compared to 5a have smaller dimensions. In this state, the valve element 15 facing the first water reservoir 5, ie the uppermost valve element, is at a distance from the base 17, ie also at a distance from the through-openings 18, so that the through-openings are open for water 11 to pass through. The stack also rests only loosely on the floor of the holding device 16 . From the comparison it is clear that 5a shows the valve 8 in a condition in which its valve elements 15 are dry, whereby the valve 8 is open while 5 shows another possible state in which the valve elements 15 are expanded due to the ingestion of water 11, whereby the valve 8 is closed by means of the valve elements 15, or at least much less than in FIG 5a is open.

In the valve 8, the openings 18 form a valve inlet 21 and the openings 19 form a valve outlet 22. The valve elements 15 are arranged between the valve inlet 21 and the valve outlet 22.

The respective mat 14 belonging to a respective device 13 for draining water 11 from the second water reservoir 6 has a first mat end 23 which (cf. e.g. the enlargement in 4 ) is arranged in the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6 . Starting from the end 23 of the mat, the mat 14 extends beyond an upper edge 24 of the second water reservoir 6 and outside of the second water reservoir 6 downwards. how 1 shows, the mat 14 in the example comprises six partial mat sections 25, in which the mat 14 extends along a respective reference plane, which encloses an angle α of 15 degrees in the example with an imaginary vertical plane. 6 additionally shows that the mat 14 is deflected between mat partial sections 25 that are adjacent to one another in the vertical direction by means of shaped parts 26, 27, which in the example are angled metal sheets, with spacer elements being provided between the shaped parts 26, 27 in the example for the purpose of connection . In the example, the mat 14 is made of fleece.

how 2 shows schematically as an overview, the irrigation system 1 comprises a plurality of devices 13 arranged next to one another along the facade 3, each device 13 having a mat 14. In the assembly example shown, each mat 14 extends to just above the ground 30. The mats 14 are jointly supplied with water from the second water reservoir 6. The first water reservoir 5 above it has an inlet 31 in the example, which in the example is connected to a rainwater downpipe 33 of the building 4 by means of an automatic filling device 32 (so-called “rain thief”) containing an overflow protection. Rainwater downpipe 33 is shown broken away and extends upward to a in 2 also not shown with the roof of building 4; it goes without saying that rainwater can be conducted from the roof of the building 4 to the rainwater downpipe 33, for example by means of a rain gutter.

the 1 until 7 In addition to the described embodiment of an irrigation system 1 according to the invention, FIG. A partial mat section 25 of a mat 14 is fastened to each support plate 34 on its side facing away from the facade 3, for example pinned, glued or the like. A moss mat 35 is fastened to each partial mat section 25 on its side facing away from the support plate 34, for example by means of wire or pins or the like, which serves for the natural greening of the facade 3. In the example, the support plates 34 are arranged on the facade 3 in the form of a matrix in vertically running columns and in horizontally running rows. For illustration are in 2 The support plates 34 or the partial mat sections 25 and moss mats 35 arranged thereon are not shown in all of the installation positions specified in this way, and the two support structures 36 made of aluminum used to fasten a respective support plate 34, which each comprise a support profile 37 and three brackets 38, are only schematic implied. A respective support plate 34 encloses an angle α with an imaginary vertical plane, which is 15 degrees in the example. All supporting plates 34 have a uniform minimum distance from the facade 3 at their upper plate edge and have a uniform maximum distance from the facade 3 at their lower plate edge associated with this support profile 37 and three brackets 38 which are bolted to the facade 3. In the example, the support profiles 37 are T-profiles and the consoles 38 are L-profiles. In the example, the support profile 37 is screwed to the three consoles 38. In the top row of the support profiles 37, the top screw connection is formed by inserting a screw through a round hole in the web of the T-profile and through a round hole overlapping this round hole in a leg of the L-profile protruding from the facade 3 and with secured by a nut to form a fixed point. In the example for the production of sliding points, which allow thermal changes in length to be compensated, all other screw connections are formed in such a way that a screw passes through a round hole in the web of the T-profile and through an overlapping elongated hole in the leg of the L-profile is inserted and secured with a nut. This is exemplary in 7 shown, with the fittings, for example 3 , 4 and 6 are not shown for the sake of simplicity.

1 shows that the moss mats 35 have no contact with the natural soil 30. In 2 a door 41 is shown schematically, in the area of which the green facade is interrupted. 2 FIG. 1 shows that in the example a mat 14 made of absorbent fleece extends continuously in the vertical direction along a respective column comprising six support plates 34 . Along each of the four upper rows, which also each include six support plates 34, a moss mat 35 extends in the horizontal direction continuously from the left to the right edge of the facade greening. The two lower rows are interrupted by the door 41. In each of these rows, a moss mat extends horizontally continuously from door 41 to the outer edge of the green facade. Each moss mat 35 is thus backwatered in the example by means of a plurality of absorbent mats 14 . In the example, each support plate is attached to the facade 3 by means of two support structures 36 (whereby, depending on the structural requirements, it is alternatively possible, for example, to attach each support plate 34 to three support structures 36). This columnar and linear structure is in 2 indicated schematically by means of a representation that differs in the width areas a, b, c and d. Area a shows the moss mats 35 running across the mats 14. The moss mats are not shown in the drawing in area b, so that the view falls on the mats 14. In area c, the mats 14 are not shown in the drawing either, so that the support plates 14 are visible. The support plates 14 are also not shown in area d, so that the view falls on the support structures 36 lying underneath (only shown schematically). The respective support plates 14 can, for example, have a height of approx. 1 meter in the vertical direction and a width of approx for example about 1 meter or for example about 1.5 meters or for example about 2 meters. For example, the mats of absorbent fleece can have a width that is about 1 meter, or about 1.5 meters, or about 2 meters. However, it goes without saying that dimensions deviating from this are also possible in each case.

The irrigation system 1 described above functions as follows: after it has been installed or, for example, after a longer dry period, the irrigation system 1 can be in a state in which it does not contain any water, cf. 5a . In this state, the valves 8 are open. When it rains (or if necessary, for example by means of an artificial water source), water 11 can be stored in the first water reservoir 5, in particular in a fleece 12 located therein. From there, through the valves 8 that are still open, water 11 first reaches the valve elements 15, which thereby absorb water 11 and swell, ie increase their external dimensions, as above with reference to FIG 5 was described. The valves 8 are closed in this way, so that the water 11 still contained in the first water reservoir 5 is held there. During continuous rain, the first water reservoir 5 is thus filled with water up to a level determined by the automatic filling device 32 without water being able to continue to flow out through valves 8 . This is expedient since a natural facade greening is immediately supplied with water during continuous rain and the water 11 stored in the first water reservoir 5 should therefore remain stored for watering the facade greening during a subsequent dry period. In particular, after the end of the rain, the valve elements 15 dry out again, which also reduces their dimensions again, so that the valve elements 15 gradually release the passage openings 18 on the bottom 17 of the first water reservoir 5 . The valves 8 are thereby gradually opened, so that water 11 passes from the first water reservoir 5 through the valves 8 into the second water reservoir 6 arranged underneath. In order to facilitate this, in the valve elements 16 (cf. 5 ) Through-openings 39 can be formed, and below each valve 8, if required, a water-collecting device 40, e.g. second water reservoir 6 arrives. There, the mat 14 made of water-absorbing fleece absorbs the water 11 and passes it on downwards by gravity. As a result of the arrangement of the partial mat sections 25 already described, the fleece is used in this way for rear watering and for moistening the moss mats 35 provided as natural facade greening. The drier the moss mats 35 are, the more they withdraw water 11 from the mat 14, so that the suction effect also increases of the mat 14 in the second water reservoir 6 increases. The moss mats 35 are therefore moistened as required. During the passage of water 11 through the valves 8, water is again absorbed in the valve elements 15, which thereby increase in size again and finally close the passage openings 18 again. Over a longer period of time, intermittent or quantitatively fluctuating water passage through the valves 8 can occur until the water 11 stored in the first water reservoir 5 is finally completely discharged. There are various possibilities for influencing the dynamics of the irrigation system 1. For example, the reaction speed of the valves 8 can be influenced by dimensioning and/or material selection for the valve elements 15 . The number of valves 8 per mat 14, the absorbency or the material, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the mat 14, as well as, for example, the cross-section of the second water reservoir 6, form further possible parameters for designing the irrigation system 1 for a desired irrigation behavior.

With reference to the 8th and 9 an irrigation system according to the invention is described according to a second embodiment. Therein and in the following figures are details, the characteristics of 1 until 7 correspond to or are comparable to these, denoted by the same reference symbols. The second exemplary embodiment differs from the previously described embodiment in the design of the valves 8. The holding device 16 has a bowl or water-collecting device 40 which is attached to the underside of the base 17 by means of three screws 53 and has continuous openings 29 in the base. For the valve 8, the through openings 18 in the base 17 form the valve inlet 21, while the openings 29 form the valve outlet 22. In the example, several screw connections extend through the base 17, the valve elements 15 made of cork and the water collecting device 40, whereby the valve 8 is attached to the underside of the first water reservoir 5. The mode of operation of the irrigation system 1 according to the second exemplary embodiment essentially corresponds to the mode of operation of the 1 until 7 shown irrigation system 1. To avoid repetition, reference is therefore made to the relevant description.

With reference to the 10 until 12 is an irrigation system 1 according to the invention described in a third exemplary embodiment, as well as additional components with which the irrigation system 1 forms an inventive facade greening system 2 according to a further exemplary embodiment. In this context, too, details that correspond to or are comparable to features from previous exemplary embodiments are denoted by the same reference symbols for the sake of clarity. This irrigation system 1 according to the invention can also preferably be used for needs-based irrigation of a green facade. It comprises a first water reservoir 5 embodied in turn as a box gutter and, arranged underneath, several second water reservoirs 6 , which in the example (ie not necessarily) are not embodied as box gutters but as comparatively shorter containers open at the top. 12 shows possible positions of the second water reservoir 6, which are located along the first water reservoir 5 at uniform distances from one another. It goes without saying, however, that to modify the exemplary embodiment, instead of several second water reservoirs 6, a trough-shaped, continuous second water reservoir 6 could be present (in the previously described exemplary embodiments, the trough-shaped second water reservoir 6 could also be modified by several, comparatively shorter, second water reservoirs 6 substitute). That in the 8th until 10 The irrigation system 1 shown in turn comprises a plurality of valves 8 which are arranged fluidically between the interior 9 of the first water reservoir 5 and the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6 . Furthermore, the irrigation system 1 has a plurality of devices 13, of which each device 13 is intended for draining water 11 from one of the second water reservoirs 6 to a green facade.

Deviations from those in the 1 until 9 Irrigation systems 1 shown exist particularly with regard to the design of the valves 8 and their arrangement. Each valve 8 is assigned a line 42 which is connected to the interior 9 of the first water reservoir 5 in that the line 42 extends in a sealed manner through a through hole 43 in the base 17 of the first water reservoir 5 . At its other longitudinal end, the line 42 opens into the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6 associated with the valve 8. Between the connection of the line 42 to the first water reservoir 5 and the opening 54 of the line 42 at its other longitudinal end, the line 42 passes through the valve 8 passed through; With regard to the fluidic connection formed by means of the line 42 , the line 42 is thus passed through the valve 8 between the first water reservoir 5 and the second water reservoir 6 . A section of the line 42 is arranged in the valve 8 between a valve stop 43 and a valve element 15 . In the example, line 42 consists of two pieces of tubing (cf. 11 ) educated. The first piece of tubing extends through the bottom 17 of the first water reservoir 5 and is inserted at its other longitudinal end into the second piece of tubing, which in turn is passed through the valve 8 . The valve 8 includes a central mandrel 44 from which 11a only a small length section between the valve stop 43 screwed onto the mandrel 44 and a sleeve 45 fitted onto the mandrel 44 is visible. at his in 11a upper longitudinal end of the mandrel 44 has a recess which extends transversely to a longitudinal axis of the mandrel 44 through the mandrel 44 and in 11 is covered. The recess can be, for example, a groove cut into the end face of the mandrel 44 or a through hole. The line 42 is passed through the recess. The sleeve 45 is formed from a sleeve-shaped valve element 15 made of swellable wood (so-called "swelling wood"). A first (in 11 lower) longitudinal end of the sleeve 45 is axially supported in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve 45 on the mandrel 44 against a stop 46, and a second (in 11 upper) longitudinal end of the sleeve 45 touches the line 42. The valve stop 43 is screwed so far onto the thread of the mandrel 44 that it also touches the line 42. The length of the sleeve 45 is adjusted and the valve stop 43 is screwed onto the thread of the mandrel 44 to such an extent that the line 42 runs through the valve 8 without constriction when the sleeve 45 is dry. In this state, the valve 8 is open, see 11a .

The valve 8 is arranged in the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6 on its floor and is fluidly connected between the interior 9 of the first water reservoir 5 and the interior 10 of the second water reservoir.

When water 11 enters the first water reservoir 5 (cf. 11 ), this can be done when valve 8 is initially dry and open (cf. 11a) reach the second water reservoir 6 through the line 42, which in 11 is shown. The sleeve 45, which is formed by the valve element 15 made of wood, is immersed in the water 11 collected in the second water reservoir 6 and absorbs water, as a result of which the valve element 15 expands in length, ie increases in size. This results in the in 11 upper edge of the valve element 15 squeezes the line 42 against the valve stop 43, as a result of which the cross section of the line 42 is increasingly narrowed, the line 42 finally being completely closed. The valve is in this state 8 closed, and no further water 11 can get from the first water reservoir 5 into the second water reservoir 6.

In the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6 there is a wall 47 running parallel to the bottom of the second water reservoir 6, which together with the bottom 49 of the second water reservoir 6 borders a gap 50 open on one side. The valve 8 has a retaining web 51 which is oriented at right angles to a longitudinal direction of the mandrel 44 and which is inserted into the gap 50 to fix the valve 8 in place. Furthermore, a second wall 48 is formed in the interior space 10 of the second water reservoir 6 and extends to separate the valve element 15 and the first mat end 13 of the mat 14 . A plurality of through openings 52 are formed in the wall 48 so that the wall 48 is water-permeable. In the example, the first wall 47 is attached to a side wall of the second water tank 6 and the second wall 48 is integrally formed on the first wall 47, the two walls 47, 48 being made of sheet metal and forming an L-profile. In the example, the leg of the L profile corresponding to the wall 48 extends perpendicularly.

The functioning of the 10 until 12 The irrigation system 1 shown is as follows: Starting from an initially assumed, completely dry state of the irrigation system 1, its valves 8 are open, see FIG 11a . If water 11 reaches the upper water reservoir 5, for example due to persistent rain, it can flow through the lines 42 into the second water reservoir 6 arranged below, with the valves 8 initially still open. After a certain period of time, the water 11 in the second water reservoirs 6 causes the respective valve elements 15 to swell with water taken up therein, thereby increasing their length and pinching off the lines 42 and thereby closing the valves 8, cf 11 . The water 11 still present in the first water reservoir 5 is retained there. It is not required to irrigate a green facade during a continuous rainy phase, since it is directly moistened by the rain. The water 11 present in the second water reservoirs 6 is sucked out of the respective water reservoir 6 at a later point in time, in particular after the rain has stopped, by means of the mats 14 made of absorbent fleece, with a remainder of the water evaporating over time and being released from the respective valve 8 the valve element 15 also dries again and thereby gets a shorter length again. The valves 8 are thereby gradually opened again. In this state, water 11 can again flow from the first water reservoir 5 through the valves 8 into the respective second water reservoir 6 until the valves 8 close again. In this irrigation system, too, this results in a discharge of water 11 from the first water reservoir 5 that is intermittent in time or that fluctuates in quantity. Regarding the associated effects and advantages, reference is made to the preceding description.

The above explanations serve to explain the inventions covered by the application as a whole, which also independently develop the state of the art at least through the following combinations of features, whereby two, several or all of these combinations of features can also be combined, namely:

An irrigation system 1, in particular for a facade greening system 2 having plants, the irrigation system 1 comprising at least: a first water reservoir 5, a second water reservoir 6, a valve 8 and, in particular, an absorbent device 13 for draining water 11 from the second water reservoir 6 , in particular for facade greening, the valve 8 having either a water-absorbent valve element 15 which expands when water 11 is absorbed, and the valve 8 is fully or partially open in a state in which the valve element 15 is dry and in a state in which the valve element 15 is expanded due to ingestion of water 11, closed by means of the valve element 15 or is less open by means of the valve element 15 compared to its dry state, or wherein the valve 8 has a plurality of water-absorptive valve elements 15, which expand upon ingestion of water 11 expand, and the valve 8 in e in a state in which the valve elements 15 are dry, is fully or partially opened and in a state in which the valve elements 15 are expanded due to ingestion of water 11, by means of the valve elements 15 or closed by means of the valve elements 15 compared to their dry state is less open.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the valve 8 has a valve inlet 21 and a valve outlet 22 and the valve element 15 or the valve elements 15 is or are arranged between the valve inlet 21 and the valve outlet 22, or that the valve element 15 or the valve elements 15 is arranged in the second water reservoir 6 or are.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the valve element 15 or the valve elements 15 consists or consist of cork or of wood, in particular of swelled wood, or has or have cork or wood, in particular swelled wood.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the device 13 for draining water 11 from the second water tank 6 has a mat 14 which has a first mat end 23 which is arranged in the interior space 10 of the second water tank 6, the Mat 14 extends from the first mat end 23 beyond an upper edge 24 of the second water reservoir 6 out of the second water reservoir 6 and extends downwards outside of the second water reservoir 6, it being provided in particular that the mat 14 extends along at least one partial mat section 25 a reference plane which forms an angle α with a vertical plane, the angle being in particular in the range from 10 to 20 degrees and in particular being 15 degrees.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the mat 14 consists of fleece or fibers made of E-glass or that the mat 14 comprises fleece and/or fibers made of E-glass.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the first water reservoir 5 has a base 17 and a plurality of side walls extending from the base 17 and is in particular designed in the form of a channel.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the second water reservoir 6 has a base and a plurality of side walls extending from the base and is in particular designed in the form of a channel.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the first water reservoir 5 has an inlet 31 which is connected to a rainwater downpipe 33 of a building 4, in particular by means of an automatic filling device 32 having overflow protection.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the valve inlet 21 has at least one through opening 18 which extends through the bottom 17 or through a side wall of the first water reservoir 5, that the irrigation system 1 has a valve element 15 which is designed as a plate and consists in particular of cork, that the valve 8 has a holding device 16, by means of which the valve element 15 is held on an outside of the bottom 17 or the side wall of the first water reservoir 5, the valve element 15 being projected onto one of the at least one through-opening 18 spanned reference plane which covers at least one through-opening 18 and an adjoining edge region 20 of the base 17 or the side wall of the first water reservoir 5, wherein the valve element 15 is arranged in its dry state at a distance from the at least one through-opening 18 in a reference direction perpendicular to the reference plane or which rests loosely on the edge area 20 and is pressed against the edge area 20, in particular sealingly, in an expanded state of the valve element 15 due to water absorption, in which the valve element 15 has a greater plate thickness compared to its dry state.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the valve inlet has at least one through opening 18 which extends through the bottom 17 or through a side wall of the first water reservoir 5, that the valve 8 has a plurality of valve elements 15 which are designed as a respective plate and as stacks are arranged and consist in particular of cork, that the valve 8 has a holding device 16, by means of which the stack is held on an outside of the base 17 or the side wall of the first water reservoir 5, with at least the valve element 15 of the stack facing the first water reservoir 5 in a projection onto a reference plane spanned by the at least one through-opening 18, the at least one through-opening 18 and an adjoining edge region 20 of the base 17 or the side wall of the first water reservoir 5 are covered, with the valve element 15 facing the first water reservoir 5 being in a plane relative to the reference plane vertical n reference direction when the valve elements 15 are in a dry state at a distance from the at least one through-opening 18 or are in loose contact with the edge region 20 and when the valve elements 15 are in an expanded state due to water absorption, in which the valve elements 15 have a greater plate thickness than in their dry state have, in particular sealingly, pressed against the edge region 20.

An irrigation system 1, characterized in that the holding device 16 comprises a screen housing 29 and that the valve outlet 22 comprises one or more openings 19 in the screen housing 29.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the first water reservoir 5 is arranged above the second water reservoir 6, with the screen housing 29 and/or a water collecting device 40 arranged on the underside of the screen housing 29 either in a vertical projection forming an open upper side of the second water tank 6 is at least partially covered or connected to the second water reservoir 6 by means of a line.

An irrigation system 1, characterized in that the irrigation system 1 comprises a line 42, the line 42 being connected to the interior 9 of the first water reservoir 5, in particular by the line 42 extending through a through hole 43 in the bottom 17 or in a side wall of the first water reservoir 5, and the line 42 having a Mouth 54, at which it opens into the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6 or at which it is directed to the interior 10 of the second water reservoir 6, that the line 42 between the first water reservoir 5 and the mouth 54 is passed through the valve 8 , wherein a section of the line 42 is arranged in the valve 8 between a valve stop 43 and at least one valve element 15, and that the at least one valve element 15 is arranged in the interior space 10 of the second water reservoir 6, in particular on its bottom 17.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the valve 8 has a mandrel 44, the mandrel 44 having a recess through which the line 42 is passed, and that the valve 8 has a one-piece or multi-piece sleeve 45, which consists of is formed from the valve element 15 or from the valve elements 15, with the valve element 15 or the valve elements 15 being made in particular of wood, in particular of swelled wood, with the sleeve 45 being pushed onto the mandrel 44, with a first longitudinal end of the sleeve 45 in a Longitudinally, the sleeve 45 is fixed to the mandrel 44 or supported against a stop 46 and a second longitudinal end of the sleeve 45 faces the line 42 and in particular touches the line 42 in a dry state and in an expanded state of the valve element 15 or valve elements 15 , and the sleeve 45 in an expanded state of the valve element 15 or valve elements 15 in Ve has a greater pod length compared to the dry state.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that at least one first, in particular water-permeable, wall 47 is formed in the interior space 10 of the second water reservoir 6, which, together with the base 49 of the second water reservoir 6, borders a gap 50 that is open on at least one side, that the valve 8 has a retaining bar 51, which is oriented in particular at right angles to a longitudinal direction of the mandrel 44, and that the retaining bar is inserted into the gap 50 for fixing the valve 8.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that at least one second, in particular water-permeable, wall 48 is formed in the interior space 10 of the second water reservoir 6, which wall extends between the at least one valve element 15 and the first mat end 23.

An irrigation system 1, which is characterized in that the first wall 47 is attached to a side wall of the second water reservoir 6 and that the second wall 48 is attached or formed on the first wall 47, it being provided in particular that the first wall and the second wall form an L-profile and / or are made of sheet metal.

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that it comprises an irrigation system 1, which has one or more of the features mentioned above.

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that the facade greening system 2 comprises at least one support plate 34, the support plate 34 being attached to a facade 3 of a building 4, a mat section 25 of the mat being attached on a side of the support plate 34 facing away from the facade 3 14 is arranged, in particular fastened, and wherein a moss mat 35 or a layer through which plants can root, which is in particular planted with plants, is arranged, in particular fastened, on a side of the partial mat section 25 facing away from the support plate 34 .

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that the facade greening system 2 comprises a plurality of support plates 34 arranged one above the other, with a respective support plate 34 being fastened to a facade 3 of a building 4, with a respective support plate 34 on a side facing away from the facade 3 a respective partial mat section 25 of the mat 14 is arranged, in particular fastened, with a respective moss mat 35 and/or a respective layer through which plants can root, which is in particular planted with plants, on a side of the mat partial section 25 arranged thereon which faces away from a respective support plate 34, arranged, in particular fastened, is, with all of these partial mat sections 25 being components of only one mat 14 .

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that the support plate 34 or a respective support plate 34 encloses an angle with a vertical plane which is in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and which is in particular 15 degrees or about 15 degrees.

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that stacked support plates 34 one below the other uniform minimum distance from the facade 3 and/or a mutually uniform maximum distance from the facade 3 and/or that the mat 14 is deflected between a partial mat section 25 and a partial mat section 25 adjacent to it in the vertical direction, in particular by means of molded parts 26 such as angled metal sheets is.

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that the supporting plate 34 or a respective supporting plate 34 is attached to the facade 3 by a supporting profile 37 or several supporting profiles 37 being or being attached to the side of the relevant supporting plate 34 facing the facade 3 by on the facade 3 a console 38 or more consoles 38 attached, in particular screwed, is or are, and by the support profile 37 or the support profiles 37 is screwed to the console 38 or the consoles 38 or are.

A facade greening system 2, which is characterized in that a support profile 37 is screwed to a plurality of brackets 38 by means of a screw connection, with one screw on one or more or all screw connections through a round hole in the support profile 37 and through an overlapping slot in the Console 38 or through a slot in the support profile 37 and through a round hole in the console 38 that overlaps it, it being provided in particular that on a screw connection a screw can be inserted through a round hole in the support profile 37 and through an overlapping round hole in the console 38 is put through.

Façade greening system 2, which is characterized in that the planting of the façade greening system 2 has no root contact to a natural soil 30 located vertically below it, with a lower edge of the planting being in particular at a vertical distance from a soil 30 located below.

All disclosed features are essential to the invention (by themselves, but also in combination with one another). The disclosure of the application also includes the disclosure content of the associated/attached priority documents (copy of the previous application) in full, also for the purpose of including features of these documents in claims of the present application. The subclaims, even without the features of a referenced claim, characterize with their features independent inventive developments of the prior art, in particular for making divisional applications on the basis of these claims. The invention specified in each claim can additionally have one or more of the features specified in the above description, in particular with reference numbers and/or specified in the list of reference numbers. The invention also relates to designs in which some of the features mentioned in the above description are not implemented, in particular if they are clearly unnecessary for the respective application or can be replaced by other technically equivalent means.

Reference List

1

irrigation system

2

facade greening system

3

facade

4

building

5

first water reservoir

6

second water tank

7

console

8th

Valve

9

inner space

10

inner space

11

water

12

fleece

13

furnishings

14

mat

15

valve element

16

holding device

17

floor

18

passage opening

19

opening

20

edge area

21

valve inlet

22

valve outlet

23

mat end

24

upper edge

25

mat section

26

molding

27

molding

28

spacer element

29

screen housing

30

ground

31

Intake

32

filling machine

33

rainwater downpipe

34

support plate

35

moss mat

36

supporting structure

37

support profile

38

console

39

passage opening

40

water collection device

41

door

42

Management

43

valve stop

44

mandrel

45

sleeve

46

attack

47

first wall

48

second wall

49

floor

50

gap

51

dock

52

passage opening

53

screw

54

mouth

a

angle

Claims (25)

Irrigation system (1), in particular for a facade greening system (2) having plants, the irrigation system (1) comprising at least: a first water reservoir (5), a second water reservoir (6), a valve (8) and a device, in particular an absorbent device (13) for draining water (11) from the second water reservoir (6), in particular to a green facade, the valve (8) having either a water-absorbent valve element (15) which expands when water (11) is absorbed, and the valve (8) is fully or partially opened in a state in which the valve element (15) is dry and in a state in which the valve element (15) is expanded due to absorption of water (11) by means of the valve element (15) is closed or less open by means of the valve element (15) compared to its dry state, or the valve (8) has a plurality of water-absorptive valve elements (15) which expand when water (11) is absorbed stretch, and the valve (8) is fully or partially open in a state in which the valve elements (15) are dry and in a state in which the valve elements (15) are expanded due to absorption of water (11). , is closed by means of the valve elements (15) or is less open by means of the valve elements (15) compared to their dry state. Irrigation system (1) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the valve (8) has a valve inlet (21) and a valve outlet (22) and the valve element (15) or the valve elements (15) is or are arranged between the valve inlet (21) and the valve outlet (22). , or that the valve element (15) or the valve elements (15) is or are arranged in the second water reservoir (6). Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve element (15) or the valve elements (15) consists or consist of cork or wood, in particular swelled wood, or has or have cork or wood, in particular swelled wood. Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device (13) for draining water (11) from the second water reservoir (6) has at least one mat (14) which has a first mat end (23), which is arranged in the interior (10) of the second water reservoir (6), the mat (14) extending from the first mat end (23) over an upper edge (24) of the second water reservoir (6) out of the second water reservoir (6 ) extends out and outside of the second water reservoir (6), it being provided in particular that the mat (14) extends in at least one partial mat section (25) along a reference plane which encloses an angle (α) with a vertical plane, extends, wherein the angle is in particular in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and is in particular 15 degrees. Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mat (14) consists of fleece or fibers made of E-glass or that the mat (14) has fleece and/or fibers made of E-glass. Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first water reservoir (5) has a base (17) and a plurality of side walls extending from the base (17) and is in particular designed in the form of a channel. Irrigation system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that net that the second water reservoir (6) has a bottom and a plurality of side walls extending from the bottom and is in particular designed in the form of a channel. Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first water reservoir (5) has an inlet (31) which, in particular by means of an automatic filling device (32) having overflow protection, is connected to a rainwater downpipe (33) of a building (4th ) connected. Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve inlet (21) has at least one through opening (18) which extends through the bottom (17) or through a side wall of the first water reservoir (5) that the irrigation system (1) has a valve element (15) which is designed as a plate and consists in particular of cork, that the valve (8) has a holding device (16) by means of which the valve element (15) can be attached to an outside of the base (17) or the side wall of the first water reservoir (5), the valve element (15), in a projection onto a reference plane spanned by the at least one through-opening (18), the at least one through-opening (18) and an edge region (20) of the bottom ( 17) or the side wall of the first water reservoir (5), the valve element (15) being in its dry state in a reference direction perpendicular to the reference plane andet from the at least one through opening (18) or resting loosely on the edge region (20) and in an expanded state of the valve element (15) due to water absorption, in which the valve element (15) has a greater plate thickness compared to its dry state Is pressed, in particular sealing, against the edge region (20). Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve inlet has at least one through opening (18) which extends through the bottom (17) or through a side wall of the first water reservoir (5), that the valve (8) has several valve elements (15), which are designed as a respective plate and arranged as a stack and consist in particular of cork, that the valve (8) has a holding device (16), by means of which the stack can be attached to an outside of the base (17) or the side wall of the first water reservoir (5), at least the valve element (15) of the stack facing the first water reservoir (5) having the at least one through-opening (18) and one adjacent edge region (20) of the bottom (17) or the side wall of the first water reservoir (5) covered, wherein the first water reservoir (5) z u-facing valve element (15) is arranged at a distance from the at least one through-opening (18) in a reference direction perpendicular to the reference plane when the valve elements (15) are in a dry state, or rests loosely on the edge region (20) and when the valve elements are in an expanded state due to water absorption (15), in which the valve elements (15) have a greater plate thickness in comparison to their dry state, is pressed against the edge region (20), in particular in a sealing manner. Irrigation system (1) according to one of claims 9 and 10 , characterized in that the holding device (16) has a strainer housing (29) and that the valve outlet (22) comprises one or more openings (19) in the strainer housing (29). Irrigation system (1) according to one of claims 9 until 11 , characterized in that the first water reservoir (5) is arranged above the second water reservoir (6), the screen housing (29) and/or a water collecting device (40) arranged on the underside of the screen housing (29) being either an open vertical projection The top of the second water tank (6) is at least partially covered or connected to the second water tank (6) by means of a line. Irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the irrigation system (1) comprises a line (42), the line (42) being connected to the interior (9) of the first water reservoir (5), in particular by the line (42) extends through a through hole (43) in the base (17) or in a side wall of the first water reservoir (5), and wherein the line (42) has an orifice (54) at which it enters the interior (10 ) of the second water reservoir (6) or at which it is directed to the interior (10) of the second water reservoir (6), that the line (42) between the first water reservoir (5) and the mouth (54) through the valve ( 8) is passed through, wherein a section of the line (42) is arranged in the valve (8) between a valve stop (43) and at least one valve element (15), and that the at least one valve element (15) in the interior (10) of the second water reservoir (6), in particular on de ssen floor (17) is arranged. Irrigation system (1) according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the valve (8) has a mandrel (44), the mandrel (44) having a recess through which the line (42) is passed, and that the valve (8) has a one-part or multi-part sleeve (45) which consists of the valve element ( 15) or is formed from the valve elements (15), the valve element (15) or the valve elements (15) being made in particular of wood, in particular of swelled wood, the sleeve (45) being slipped onto the mandrel (44), a first longitudinal end of the sleeve (45) being fixed to the mandrel (44) or supported against a stop (46) in a longitudinal direction of the sleeve (45) and a second longitudinal end of the sleeve (45) facing the line (42) and in particular the conduit (42) contacts in a dry state and in an expanded state of the valve element (15) or valve elements (15), and wherein the sleeve (45) in an expanded state of the valve element (15) or valve elements (15) due to water absorption ( 15) compared to the dry state nd has a larger sleeve length. Irrigation system (1) according to one of Claims 13 and 14 , characterized in that in the interior (10) of the second water reservoir (6) at least one first, in particular water-permeable, wall (47) is formed, with the bottom (49) of the second water reservoir (6) at least one side open gap ( 50) that the valve (8) has a retaining bar (51) which is oriented in particular at right angles to a longitudinal direction of the mandrel (44), and that the retaining bar is inserted into the gap (50) to fix the valve (8). . Irrigation system (1) according to one of Claims 13 until 15 , characterized in that in the interior (10) of the second water reservoir (6) at least one second, in particular water-permeable, wall (48) is formed, which extends between the at least one valve element (15) and the first mat end (23). Irrigation system (1) according to one of Claims 13 until 16 , characterized in that the first wall (47) is attached to a side wall of the second water reservoir (6) and that the second wall (48) is attached or formed on the first wall (47), it being provided in particular that the first Wall and the second wall form an L-profile and / or are made of sheet metal. Façade greening system (2), characterized in that it comprises an irrigation system (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Façade greening system (2) according to Claim 18 , characterized in that the facade greening system (2) comprises at least one support plate (34), the support plate (34) being fastened or fastenable to a facade (3) of a building (4), being on a facade (3) facing away On the side of the support plate (34), a partial mat section (25) of the mat (14) is or can be arranged, in particular fastened or can be fastened, and with at least one moss mat (35) and /or a layer through which plants can root, which in particular is planted or can be planted with plants, is arranged or can be arranged, in particular fastened or fastened. Façade greening system (2) according to one of claims 18 and 19 , characterized in that the facade greening system (2) comprises a plurality of support plates (34) arranged one above the other, with a respective support plate (34) being fastened or fastenable on a facade (3) of a building (4), with one of the facade (3) a respective partial mat section (25) of the mat (14) is arranged or can be arranged, in particular fastened or fastened, on the side facing away from a respective supporting plate (34), wherein on a side of the mat partial section arranged thereon ( 25) at least one respective moss mat (35) and/or a respective layer through which plants can root, which in particular is planted or can be planted with plants, is or can be arranged, in particular fastened or fastened, with in particular all these partial mat sections (25) being components of only a mat (14). Façade greening system (2) according to one of claims 18 until 20 , characterized in that the support plate (34) or a respective support plate (34) encloses an angle with a vertical plane which is in the range of 10 to 20 degrees and which is in particular 15 degrees or about 15 degrees. Façade greening system (2) according to one of claims 18 until 21 , characterized in that support plates (34) arranged one above the other have a uniform minimum distance from the facade (3) and/or a uniform maximum distance from the facade (3) and/or that the mat (14) between a partial mat section (25) and a partial mat section (25) that is adjacent to this in the vertical direction, in particular by means of shaped parts (26) such as angled metal sheets. Façade greening system (2) according to one of claims 18 until 22 , characterized in that the support plate (34) or a respective support plate (34) is fastened or can be fastened to the facade (3) in that a support profile (37) or several supporting profiles (37) is or can be fastened, in that a console (38) or several consoles (38) is or can be fastened to the facade (3), in particular screwed or can be screwed on, and in that the supporting profile (37) or the support profiles (37) are screwed or can be screwed to the console (38) or the consoles (38). Façade greening system (2) according to one of claims 18 until 23 , characterized in that at least one support profile (37) is screwed to a plurality of brackets (38) by means of a screw connection, with one screw on one or more or all screw connections through a round hole in the support profile (37) and through a slot overlapping this in the console (38) or through an elongated hole in the support profile (37) and through a round hole in the console (38) overlapping this, with it being provided in particular that a screw on a screw connection can be screwed through a round hole in the support profile (37 ) and inserted through an overlapping round hole in the console (38). Façade greening system (2) according to one of claims 18 until 24 , characterized in that the planting of the facade greening system (2) has no root contact to a natural soil (30) located vertically below it, with a lower edge of the planting being in particular at a vertical distance from a soil (30) located below.

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